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Gaertner F, Preissner S, Heiland M, Preissner R, WĂĽster J. Beneficial Effect of Metformin on the Five-Year Survival in about 40,000 Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:982. [PMID: 38473343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even in times of new therapy regimes, the overall survival of patients with head and neck cancer remains low. Since the previous studies showed the beneficial effect of metformin medication on the survival of patients with cancer, our objective was to investigate if-and in which way-metformin medication affects the overall survival of patients with head and neck cancer. METHODS Clinical data pertaining to patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (International Classification of Diseases 10 codes C00-C14, C31, and C32) were retrospectively retrieved from the TriNetX network (TriNetX, Cambridge, MA, USA). The initial cohort extracted from the network was stratified into two groups: patients on metformin medication (cohort I), and individuals not on metformin medication (cohort II). The matching criteria included age, gender, BMI, type 2 diabetes, and risk factors, such as nicotine and alcohol abuse/dependence. Kaplan-Meier analysis, risk analysis, and the calculation of odds and hazard ratios were conducted. Additionally, the Hemoglobin A1c values were subject to analysis. RESULTS Following matching, each cohort comprised 20,416 patients. Cohort I exhibited a higher five-year survival rate at 75.3%, in contrast to cohort II, which registered a rate of 69.8%. The odds ratio was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.75-0.83), and the hazard ratio was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.75-0.82). CONCLUSION Metformin medication may correlate with improved five-year survival rates in patients with head and neck cancer. Since potentially influencing factors such as comorbidities and the initial tumor stage were not available, the results of our retrospectively conducted study must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gaertner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Preissner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstr. 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas WĂĽster
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Kondo S, Okada R, Ariizumi Y, Kurita T, Shintaku H, Asakage T. A Case of Syphilis Suspected Preoperatively as a Case of Tongue Cancer. Case Rep Otolaryngol 2023; 2023:9469814. [PMID: 37954166 PMCID: PMC10635748 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9469814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum (TP). We report a case of syphilis that was initially suspected as tongue cancer. An 86-year-old man consulted a neighborhood clinic with an approximately one-month history of pain in the right tongue. The result of scraping cytology of the tongue performed at the clinic was classified as class V, squamous cell carcinoma, and the patient was referred to our hospital. Physical examination revealed a mass on the right side of the tongue and a firm cervical mass. Biopsy revealed no evidence of malignancy; however, the imaging findings led to the suspicion of tongue cancer and lymph node metastasis. The results of blood examination revealed that the patient had syphilis, but since the patient showed few other symptoms, we decided to treat the infection after the planned surgery. We performed right partial glossectomy and neck dissection; however, the postoperative histopathology revealed no evidence of malignancy but nonspecific inflammatory changes with TP spirochetes. The incidence of syphilis has increased dramatically around the world, including Japan, during the last 20 years, and it no longer remains a rare disease. Therefore, syphilis should be included in the differential diagnosis of oral or cervical masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kondo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Okada
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurita
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shintaku
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Xing D, Li L, Meng D, Zhang Y, Ma F. Anti-cell Proliferative Mechanism of Doxazosin on Human Oral Cancer Cells Through the Modulation of Antioxidant and Apoptotic Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6824-6839. [PMID: 36943603 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a global threatening disease, is reported mostly in the middle and elderly male population. Even though the exact cause of OSCC was not known, consumption of tobacco in any form has been reported in most of OSCC patients. OSCC is a massive invasive type of cancer which easily spreads to the distant organs. Hence treating it at appropriate time is necessary and the rate of OSCC incidence is also constantly increasing. At present, chemoradiation is the only therapy prescribed for OSCC patients which renders various side effects. Hence, the treatment with lesser side effect was of current research interest. Doxazosin (α1 adrenorecptor antagonist) had been proven to render anticancer effect in prostate, renal, hepatic, and ovarian cancers but its role in oral cancer cells was not been elucidated. Therefore, we have assessed the anticancer effect of doxazosin on oral squamous cancer cells via through the induction of apoptosis, and antioxidant property. The cytoprotective effect of doxazosin on normal Vero cells and anticancer effect on oral cancer KB cells were analyzed with MTT assay. Doxazosin antioxidant activity were analyzed by their reactivity with free radicals and metal ions by the method of FRAP, DPPH, chemilumiscence, and ORAC assay. The antioxidant levels were also assessed by TBARS, SOD, and glutathione levels, and later on apoptosis staining techniques like DCFH-DA, Rhodamine 123, and AO/EtBr stain were conducted. Apoptosis was confirmed by estimating the levels of apoptotic proteins in doxazosin-treated KB human oral cancer cells by ELISA method. The results from our study show that doxazosin is a potent antioxidant and it significantly induces apoptosis in human oral cancer by altering various cellular molecules at downstream signaling which has been depict in the results. Our study proves doxazosin as a potent anticancer drug which may be used in the treatment of oral carcinoma, if it is subjected to further research using human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayuan Xing
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Di Meng
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China.
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Kravets Đž, Burtyn O, Borikun T, Rossylna O. THE STUDY OF PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF microRNAs (miR-10b AND -155) AND CDKN2A/P16INK4A IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:187-194. [PMID: 37824773 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Disco- vering novel prognostic markers for OSCC can improve treatment outcomes by allowing for more effective therapy strategies. AIM To identify the prognostic value of CDKN2A (p16INK4a) and miRNAs involved in its regulation as markers of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 70 patients with stage II-IV OSCC. miR-10b, -155, and CDKN2A mRNA expression in tumor samples was ana- lyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of p16INK4a and Ki-67 proteins was determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS No association of CDKN2A mRNA and p16INK4a protein with Ki-67 expression in tumor tissue and clinical pathological parameters of OSCC patients was found. Most of the p16INK4a-positive cases were characterized by a high Ki-67 expression. We found a strong correlation of the studied miRNAs expression levels with lymph node metastasis (r = 0.56 for miR-10b and r = 0.59 for miR-155). Also, there was no difference in miR-10b and -155 expression between p16INK4a+ and p16INK4a- samples. The association of both miRNAs with lymph node metastases was not affected by p16INK4a status. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate the relationship between miR-10b and -155 and the presence of lymph node metastases in OSCC patients, so these miRNAs can be considered as prognostic markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đž Kravets
- National Cancer Institute of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - O Burtyn
- National Cancer Institute of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - T Borikun
- RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NASU, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - O Rossylna
- Clinic for Personalized Diagnostics and Therapy Design "Oncotheranostics", Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
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Yang Q, Sun Y, Qiu B, Zhao H. FBXW7 Enhances Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cell Lines. Int Dent J 2023; 73:620-627. [PMID: 36481094 PMCID: PMC10509406 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About one-third of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have a risk of occurrence and chemoresistance, making survival rates abysmal. We aim to evaluate the role of F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7) to further develop efficient treatment of chemoresistant OSCC. METHODS FBXW7 overexpression was induced in human OSCC cell lines including SCC9 and CAL27 by a lentiviral vector, Lv-FBXW7 or lv-NC (noncoding control), and overexpression efficiency was assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot of FBXW7. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The effects of FBXW7 overexpression on cell migration and invasion was evaluated by the colony formation assay and Matrigel assay. Apoptosis of cells with lv-FBXW7 transfection was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses of BAX, BAK, MCL1, and BCL2 expression. Growth rate and cisplatin sensitivity of CAL27 xenografts with or without FBXW7 overexpression was monitored. Ki-67 and PCMA levels-which are biomarkers of intratumoural apoptosis-BAX, MCL1, Beclin1, and LC3I&II-which are autophagy biomarkers-were assessed. RESULTS Transfection of lv-FBXW7 in SCC9 and CAL27 cells resulted in increased sensitivity to cisplatin treatment, as evidenced by slower cell proliferation, lower colony formation and invasion, higher apoptosis, and autophagy compared to those transfected with lv-NC. Mice with CAL27 xenografts overexpressing FBXW7 also demonstrated slower tumour growth and upregulation in Ki067 and PCNA. Tumours also showed higher apoptosis and autophagy activities. CONCLUSIONS FBXW7 overexpression was herein shown to effectively sensitise OSCC cells to cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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WĂĽster J, Heiland M, Nahles S, Preissner R, Preissner S. Statin Medication Improves Five-Year Survival Rates in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Retrospective Case-Control Study of about 100,000 Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3093. [PMID: 37370705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The overall survival among head and neck cancer patients is still low, even in a time of new therapy regimes. Regarding cancer patients' survival, statin use has already proven to be associated with favorable survival outcomes. Our objective was to investigate the influence of statin medication on the overall survival of head and neck cancer patients. METHODS Retrospective clinical data of patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer (International Classification of Diseases codes: C00-C14) were retrieved from a real-world evidence database. The initial cohort was divided into patients with statin medication, who were assigned to building cohort I, and subjects without statin medication, who were assigned to cohort II, both matched by age, gender, and risk factors (nicotine and alcohol abuse/dependence). Subsequently, Kaplan-Meier and risk analyses were performed, and odds and hazard ratios were calculated. RESULTS After matching, each cohort contained 48,626 patients (cohort I = females: 15,409; (31.7%), males 33,212 (68.3%); mean age ± standard deviation (SD) at diagnosis 66.3 ± 11.4 years; cohort II = females: 15,432; (31.7%), males 33,187 (68.2%); mean age ± standard deviation (SD) at diagnosis 66.4 ± 11.5 years). Five-year survival was found to be significantly higher for cohort I, with 75.19%, respectively 70.48% for cohort II. These findings were correlated significantly with a risk of death of 15.9% (cohort I) and 17.2% (cohort II); the odds ratio was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.881-0.942) and the hazard ratio 0.80 (0.777-0.827). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the five-year survival of head and neck cancer patients is significantly improved by statin medication. As this study was conducted retrospectively, our data must be interpreted with caution, especially since other potential influencing factors and the initial tumor stage were not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas WĂĽster
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Nahles
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstr. 12, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Preissner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Pispero A, Lombardi N, Manfredi M, Varoni EM, Sardella A, Lodi G. Oral infections in oral cancer survivors: A mini-review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:970074. [PMID: 36338574 PMCID: PMC9634540 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.970074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cancer survivors are a group of special individuals whose disease affect anatomical structures with a key role in identity and communication and a fundamental role in basic human functions such as speaking, eating, swallowing and breathing. Thus, quality of life of these individuals can be impaired by the consequences of disease and treatments, in particular surgery and radiotherapy. Among others, infectious conditions of any nature, bacterial, viral, fungal, are a frequent finding among oral cancer survivors. In fact, the peculiar systemic and local conditions of these subjects are known to significantly modify the microbiota, which, besides facilitating opportunistic infections, can affect the cancer microenvironment, as well as alter the effects of the anti-cancer therapies. Similarly, mouth infections can also affect the prognosis of oral cancer survivors. Among the opportunistic infections, fungal are the most common infections affecting these subjects, since neutropenia resulting from cancer, as well as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatments, promote the shift from the carrier state of Candida species, to pathogen state. Treatment of oral candidiasis can be difficult in oral cancer survivors, and good evidence supports clotrimazole as the most effective for prevention, and fluconazole as the one with the best risk-benefit profile. Probiotics, although promising, need better evidence to be considered an effective treatment or preventive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pispero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, UniversitĂ Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy,Correspondence: Niccolò Lombardi
| | - Maddalena Manfredi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Centro di Odontoiatria, UniversitĂ di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, UniversitĂ Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, UniversitĂ Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, UniversitĂ Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Siquara da Rocha LDO, Souza BSDF, Lambert DW, Gurgel Rocha CDA. Cell-in-Cell Events in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931092. [PMID: 35847959 PMCID: PMC9280122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, cells within other cells have been detected by pathologists as common histopathological findings in tumors, being generally identified as “cell-in-cell” structures. Despite their characteristic morphology, these structures can originate from various processes, such as cannibalism, entosis and emperipolesis. However, only in the last few decades has more attention been given to these events due to their importance in tumor development. In cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, cell-in-cell events have been linked to aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. This review aims to summarize relevant information about the occurrence of various cell-in-cell phenomena in the context of oral squamous cell carcinoma, addressing their causes and consequences in cancer. The lack of a standard terminology in diagnosing these events makes it difficult to classify the existing cases and to map the behavior and impacts of these structures. Despite being frequently reported in oral squamous cell carcinoma and other cancers, their impacts on carcinogenesis aren’t fully understood. Cell-in-cell formation is seen as a survival mechanism in the face of a lack of nutritional availability, an acid microenvironment and potential harm from immune cell defense. In this deadly form of competition, cells that engulf other cells establish themselves as winners, taking over as the predominant and more malignant cell population. Understanding the link between these structures and more aggressive behavior in oral squamous cell carcinoma is of paramount importance for their incorporation as part of a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo de Oliveira Siquara da Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa de AraĂşjo Gurgel Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Propedeutics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Clarissa de AraĂşjo Gurgel Rocha,
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