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Mrugacz M, Pieńczykowska K, Bryl A. The Role of Vitamin D3 in Ocular Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1878. [PMID: 38931233 PMCID: PMC11206323 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 plays a vital role in numerous physiological processes within the human body, including having a positive effect on eye health. It is renowned for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic properties. Its deficiency is evolving into a significant global challenge. In order to explain the connection between vitamin D3 and various ocular diseases, 84 relevant studies, mainly from the PubMed database, published in English between 1999 and 2024 were analyzed. Ocular tissues can activate and regulate vitamin D levels, which emphasizes the significance of this nutrient in maintaining eye homeostasis. While there is suggestive evidence for a probable association between vitamin D3 and ocular health, more robust research is needed to establish causation and inform clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrugacz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Kamila Pieńczykowska
- The Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Anna Bryl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
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Alhammadin G, Jarrar Y, Madani A, Lee SJ. Exploring the Influence of VDR Genetic Variants TaqI, ApaI, and FokI on COVID-19 Severity and Long-COVID-19 Symptoms. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 38138892 PMCID: PMC10744884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of vitamin D in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene affect the response to vitamin D and have been linked to various diseases. This study investigated the associations of the major VDR genetic variants ApaI, FokI, and TaqI with the severity and long post-infection symptoms of COVID-19. In total, 100 Jordanian patients with confirmed COVID-19 were genotyped for the VDR ApaI, FokI, and TaqI variants using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. COVID-19 severity, the most commonly reported long-COVID-19 symptoms that lasted for >4 weeks from the onset of infection, and other variables were analyzed according to VDR genetic variants. In this study, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms showed no significant associations with COVID-19 severity (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was detected between the TaqI polymorphism and the severity of symptoms after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (p = 0.04). The wild-type TaqI genotype was typically present in patients with mild illness, whereas the heterozygous TaqI genotype was present in asymptomatic patients. With regard to long-COVID-19 symptoms, the VDR heterozygous ApaI and wild-type TaqI genotypes were significantly associated with persistent fatigue and muscle pain after COVID-19 (p ˂ 0.05). Most carriers of the heterozygous ApaI genotype and carriers of the wild-type TaqI genotype reported experiencing fatigue and muscle pain that lasted for more than 1 month after the onset of COVID-19. Furthermore, the TaqI genotype was associated with persistent shortness of breath after COVID-19 (p = 0.003). Shortness of breath was more common among individuals with homozygous TaqI genotype than among individuals with the wild-type or heterozygous TaqI genotype. VDR TaqI is a possible genetic variant related to both COVID-19 severity and long-COVID-19 symptoms among Jordanian individuals. The associations between VDR TaqI polymorphisms and long-COVID-19 symptoms should be investigated in larger and more diverse ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghayda’ Alhammadin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Republic of Korea
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Morelli-Batters A, Lamont HC, Elghobashy M, Masood I, Hill LJ. The role of Vitamin D3 in ocular fibrosis and its therapeutic potential for the glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:897118. [PMID: 38983544 PMCID: PMC11182265 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.897118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. The most prevalent subtype, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), is characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), damage to the optic nerve head and irreversible visual loss. IOP increases aqueous humor (AqH) outflow is reduced through the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC). Increased outflow resistance is partly due to TM/SC dysregulation, including loss of normal trabecular meshwork cell (TMC) function, following increased levels of oxidative stress within TMC, dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling alongside alterations in TMC phenotype and apoptosis. Current widely available POAG treatments do not target the aberrant expression of ECM in the TM directly. As a result, most drug treatments can fail as the underlying pathological process continues unabated. Rho-kinase inhibitors have demonstrated the benefit of restoring TM/SC function, however there is a clear need to develop further treatment strategies that can target the underlying cellular processes which become dysregulated within the TMC during POAG pathogenesis. Vitamin D is suggested to be beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of fibrosis and inflammation in soft tissues. It has important functions in many major organ systems, including regulation of calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Evidence suggests that Vitamin D3 modulates ECM turnover through the conventional TGFβ-SMAD signaling, which is associated with the development of POAG. The link between Vitamin D3, inflammation and fibrosis within ocular tissues will be discussed and the potential roles of Vitamin D3 in the management of POAG patients will be explored within this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Morelli-Batters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah C Lamont
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical Engineering, Healthcare Technologies Institute, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mirna Elghobashy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Imran Masood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Lee T, Jammal AA, Medeiros FA. Association Between Serum Vitamin D Level and Rates of Structural and Functional Glaucomatous Progression. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:614-621. [PMID: 35513898 PMCID: PMC10287058 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PRCIS In a retrospective cohort study, serum vitamin D levels were not associated with rates of structural or functional loss in glaucoma patients, suggesting that low vitamin D level is not a risk factor for progression. PURPOSE To investigate the association between serum vitamin D level and rates of functional and structural glaucomatous loss over time. METHODS This study included 826 eyes of 536 glaucoma or suspect patients with an average follow-up of 4.8±1.9 years. All patients had at least 1 serum vitamin D measurement, and all eyes had at least 2 reliable standard automated perimetry (SAP) tests and 2 spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) tests with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Multivariable linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the association of vitamin D level with rates of change in SAP mean deviation (MD) and OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness over time while adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Patients had an average of 3.4±1.7 SAP tests, 4.8±1.9 SD OCT tests, and 2.3±1.9 vitamin D measurements. The average serum vitamin D level was 33.9±13.2 ng/mL. Mean rates of MD and RNFL change were -0.03±0.08 dB/y and -0.68±0.64 µm/y, respectively. After controlling for confounding factors, there was no statistically significant association between mean vitamin D level and rates of MD (β=0.038, 95% CI: -0.006, 0.082, P =0.09) or RNFL loss over time (β=-0.018, 95% CI: -0.092, 0.055, P =0.62). CONCLUSIONS We did not find a significant association between vitamin D level and rates of visual field or RNFL loss over time in individuals with glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lee
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Alessandro A. Jammal
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Felipe A. Medeiros
- Vision, Imaging and Performance Laboratory (VIP), Duke Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University
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Bokhary KA, Alqahtani LY, Aljaser FS, Abudawood M, Almubarak F, Algowaifly S, Jamous KF, Fahmy R. Association of Vitamin D deficiency with primary glaucoma among Saudi population - A pilot study. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2022; 35:299-303. [PMID: 35814994 PMCID: PMC9266469 DOI: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_109_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glaucoma is a complex multifactorial disorder that is influenced by various systemic conditions. Several studies investigated the association between systemic factors such as Vitamin D deficiency for glaucoma development and reported contradicted findings. The aim of this study was to assess Vitamin D levels in glaucomatous Saudi subjects and its association with cup/disc ratio in primary open- and closed-angle glaucoma. METHODS This was a pilot study that included subjects aged 41-78 years from both genders recruited from a tertiary hospital, Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1: subjects with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), Group 2: subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and Group 3: control subjects. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations including visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement (IOP), gonioscopy, and fundus examinations. In addition, blood samples were collected from glaucoma patients and controls to measure the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. RESULTS A total of 75 subjects were included in this study. Measurement of IOP was within the range of 9-27 for all subjects. Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 72.58 ± 31.79, 69.20 ± 24.24, and 67.14 ± 29.02 in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were insignificant differences in Vitamin D levels among the three groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, no significant correlation was noted between Vitamin D levels and cup/disc ratio in Groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSION No association was found between Vitamin D deficiency and both POAG and PACG among Saudi population despite low serum level of Vitamin D in glaucomatous and control subjects. This study suggested that Vitamin D level may not contribute in augmenting the severity and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud A. Bokhary
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Loujain Y. Alqahtani
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feda S. Aljaser
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abudawood
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Almubarak
- Ophthalmology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Algowaifly
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F. Jamous
- Ophthalmology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Fahmy
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,,Address for correspondence: Dr. Rania Fahmy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433,. E-mail:
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Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112353. [PMID: 35684153 PMCID: PMC9183042 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of eye diseases continues to grow, bringing with it a reduction in the activity levels and quality of life of patients, and partial or complete blindness if left untreated. As such, there is considerable interest in identifying more effective therapeutic options and preventive agents. One such agent is vitamin D, known to have a range of anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and whose deficiency is linked to the pathogenesis of a range of cardiovascular, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. This review presents the current stage of knowledge concerning the link between vitamin D and its receptor and the occurrence of eye disease, as well as the influence of analogues of calcitriol, an active metabolite of vitamin D. Generally, patients affected by various ocular disorders have vitamin D deficiency. In addition, previous findings suggest that vitamin D modulates the course of eye diseases and may serve as a marker, and that its supplementation could mitigate some disorders. However, as these studies have some limitations, we recommend further randomized trials to clarify the link between vitamin D and its activity with eye disease.
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Mazrouei-Arani N, Zargar M, Nikuinejad H. Association between ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene and the multiple sclerosis. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chan HN, Zhang XJ, Ling XT, Bui CHT, Wang YM, Ip P, Chu WK, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Yam JC, Pang CP. Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084226. [PMID: 35457041 PMCID: PMC9032397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed, with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of recent findings on the association between vitamin D and different ocular diseases, including myopia, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), dry eye syndrome (DES), thyroid eye disease (TED), uveitis, retinoblastoma (RB), cataract, and others, from epidemiological, clinical and basic studies, and briefly discuss vitamin D metabolism in the eye. We searched two research databases for articles examining the association between vitamin D deficiency and different ocular diseases. One hundred and sixty-two studies were found. There is evidence on the association between vitamin D and myopia, AMD, DR, and DES. Overall, 17 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and AMD, while 48 out of 54 studies reported that vitamin D was associated with DR, and 25 out of 27 studies reported an association between vitamin D and DES. However, the available evidence for the association with other ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, TED, and RB, remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei-Nga Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Xiang-Tian Ling
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Christine Huyen-Trang Bui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Yu-Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Wai-Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C. Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C. Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
| | - Chi-Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (H.-N.C.); (X.-J.Z.); (X.-T.L.); (C.H.-T.B.); (Y.-M.W.); (W.-K.C.); (L.-J.C.); (C.C.T.)
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.Y.); (C.-P.P.)
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González-Iglesias E, López-Vázquez A, Noval S, Nieves-Moreno M, Granados-Fernández M, Arruti N, Rosa-Pérez I, Pacio-Míguez M, Montaño VEF, Rodríguez-Solana P, del Pozo A, Santos-Simarro F, Vallespín E. Next-Generation Sequencing Screening of 43 Families with Non-Syndromic Early-Onset High Myopia: A Clinical and Genetic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084233. [PMID: 35457050 PMCID: PMC9031962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset high myopia (EoHM) is a disease that causes a spherical refraction error of ≥-6 diopters before 10 years of age, with potential multiple ocular complications. In this article, we report a clinical and genetic study of 43 families with EoHM recruited in our center. A complete ophthalmological evaluation was performed, and a sample of peripheral blood was obtained from proband and family members. DNA was analyzed using a customized next-generation sequencing panel that included 419 genes related to ophthalmological disorders with a suspected genetic cause, and genes related to EoHM pathogenesis. We detected pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 23.9% of the families and detected variants of unknown significance in 76.1%. Of these, 5.7% were found in genes related to non-syndromic EoHM, 48.6% in genes associated with inherited retinal dystrophies that can include a syndromic phenotype, and 45.7% in genes that are not directly related to EoHM or retinal dystrophy. We found no candidate genes in 23% of the patients, which suggests that further studies are needed. We propose a systematic genetic analysis for patients with EoHM because it helps with follow-up, prognosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González-Iglesias
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Ana López-Vázquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Granados-Fernández
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Angela del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Bioinformatics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Genetics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Młynarczyk M, Falkowska M, Micun Z, Obuchowska I, Kochanowicz J, Socha K, Konopińska J. Diet, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Serum Nutrients in Various Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071421. [PMID: 35406033 PMCID: PMC9002851 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible vision loss worldwide. It is an insidious disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Despite progress in treatment methods, prevention and lifestyle modifications may be useful in slowing the progression of this disease. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the influence of diet, oxidative stress, and disturbances in blood serum levels of nutrients on the incidence and severity of glaucoma based on scientific reports on the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis and course of glaucoma. This paper presents an analysis of the above issues; however, further research is required to develop this topic. Future clinical trials are needed to assess the influence of nutrition and to develop nutritional management strategies for patients with glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryla Młynarczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Martyna Falkowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Zuzanna Micun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Iwona Obuchowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland; (M.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Białystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.M.); (I.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-600471666
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11
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Treatment of Glaucoma with Natural Products and Their Mechanism of Action: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030534. [PMID: 35276895 PMCID: PMC8840399 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. It is generally caused by increased intraocular pressure, which results in damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, ultimately leading to visual field dysfunction. However, even with the use of intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops, the disease still progresses in some patients. In addition to mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Hence, the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent an alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. The present review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on various natural products shown to possess neuroprotective properties for retinal ganglion cells, which thereby may be effective in the treatment of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can be reduced by baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol and hesperidin. Alternatively, Ginkgo biloba, Lycium barbarum, Diospyros kaki, Tripterygium wilfordii, saffron, curcumin, caffeine, anthocyanin, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins B3 and D have shown neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells via various mechanisms, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Extensive studies are still required in the future to ensure natural products' efficacy and safety to serve as an alternative therapy for glaucoma.
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12
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Non-drug interventions in glaucoma: Putative roles for lifestyle, diet and nutritional supplements. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:675-696. [PMID: 34563531 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major ocular neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cells degeneration and sight loss. Current treatment options have been limited to reducing intraocular pressure (IOP), known as the leading risk factor for this disease; however, glaucoma can develop even with low or normal IOP and progress despite controlling IOP values. Lifestyle, dietary habits, and supplementation may influence some of the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying glaucoma development and progression; thus, the role of this complementary and alternative medicine in glaucoma has received great interest from both patients and ophthalmologists. We provide a summary of the current evidence concerning the relationship between lifestyle, dietary habits, and effects of supplements on the incidence and progression of glaucoma and their targets and associated mechanisms. The data suggest the existence of a therapeutic potential that needs to be further explored with both preclinical and rigorous clinical studies.
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13
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Reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the aqueous humor of cataract patients with open-angle glaucoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18785. [PMID: 34552148 PMCID: PMC8458404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the lower serum concentration of vitamin D was associated with elevated risk of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). However, few studies have examined the association between aqueous humor vitamin D concentrations and OAG. Hence, we investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in aqueous humor and OAG. We measured 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor and serum of 126 patients who underwent cataract surgery. 36 were patients with OAG and 90 were control patients. The 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using Elecsys Vitamin D Total Kits with the Cobas e602 module (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), an electrochemiluminescence assay. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with serum and aqueous humor 25(OH)D concentrations. Patients with OAG had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor than control patients. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were higher in patients with OAG than in the control, but this was not statistically significant. 25(OH)D concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with OAG were significantly associated with axial length but not with glaucoma severity, which was determined by the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness or mean deviation. Vitamin D concentrations in aqueous humor of patients with OAG were significantly lower than those in patients without OAG.
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14
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Jabbehdari S, Yazdanpanah G, Chen E, Afsharkhamseh N, Ghassemi M, Anwar KN, Fonteh C, Djalilian AR, Kang KB. Dose-dependent therapeutic effects of topical 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 on corneal wound healing. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4083-4091. [PMID: 34028652 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting results have been reported regarding the effects of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 on corneal wound healing. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine whether the observed differences are dose related. The dose-dependent effects of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 on corneal wound healing were evaluated using scratch assays on human corneal limbal-epithelial cells (HCLEs) and in vivo mouse corneal epithelial debridement. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3, macrophages were stimulated by a Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) ligand followed by treatment with the 10-6 M, 10-7 M and 10-8 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3. 10-7 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 induced faster scratch wound closure compared with the other concentrations of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 tested (10-6 M and 10-8 M), and 0.02% ethanol as a control (85.8 ± 2.6%, 33.9 ± 6.74%, 32.6 ± 3.35%, and 31.6 ± 3.99%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Single-time treatment with 10-7 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 also significantly improved the healing of mouse corneal epithelial wound compared to multiple treatments and control (74.1 ± 17.3% vs. 52.4 ± 11.6% and 45.8 ± 13.4%, respectively). Polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly [I:C])-stimulated macrophage cells and 10-7 M 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 significantly decreased gene expression of ICAM1, TLR3, IL6, IL8, and TNFα (P < 0.0001). Our results suggest the dose-dependent therapeutic effect of 1,25 OH-vitamin D3 in corneal wound healing which can be potentially used as a non-invasive option in the treatment of corneal wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayena Jabbehdari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Eric Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Neda Afsharkhamseh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Mahmood Ghassemi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Khandaker N Anwar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Cheryl Fonteh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Ali R Djalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, 1905 W. Taylor St. L-213, Chicago, 60612, USA.
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15
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Daldal H, Gokmen Salici A. Ocular Findings Among Patients With Vitamin D Deficiency. Cureus 2021; 13:e15159. [PMID: 34168925 PMCID: PMC8215305 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular findings in patients with low vitamin D levels. Methods All patients who attended the Internal Medicine Clinic between March 2018 and February 2020 with vitamin low D levels but had been untreated for the same were included in our study. The exclusion criteria were as follows:history of intraocular surgery, trauma, steroid use, secondary glaucoma, and history of rheumatologic diseases. The patients were classified into three groups: group 1 had severe deficiency with vitamin D levels below 10 µg/L; group 2 had vitamin deficiency with levels of 10-20 µg/L; and group 3 had vitamin D insufficiency with levels of 20-30 µg/L. A comparison among groups was performed in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), dry eyes, cataract, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and refractive error. The evaluation of statistical data was performed with the SPSS Statistics software version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results There were a total of 98 patients and 196 eyes, who were classified into three groups. There were 41 patients in group 1, 45 in group 2, and 12 in group 3. Groups were similar in terms of age (p=0.25) and gender (p=0.46). The average age among the cohort was 51 ± 13.08 years; 65 (66.3%) of the patients were female and 33 (33.7%) were male. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of IOP (p=0.55), dry eyes (p=0.35), cataract (p=0.22), glaucoma (p=0.50), macular degeneration (p=0.64), and refractive error (p=0.46) among the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in CMT between group 1 and other groups (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively). Also, there was a statistically significant difference in RNFL thickness between group 1 and group 2 (p=0.01). When compared in terms of quadrants, a significant difference was found only with regard to the nasal quadrant. Conclusion Based on our findings, lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D might be related to thinning in CMT. Regarding RNFL thickness, while there was a significant difference between groups 1 and 2, there was no difference between groups 1 and 3, and hence the association between lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and thinning in RNFL thickness could not be clearly established. Hence, we have assumed that lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D might cause thinning in the macula and nasal quadrant of RNFL, and vitamin D deficiency might affect the nasal quadrant of RNFL primarily. Further long-term studies with a larger number of patients might clarify the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the thinning in CMT, RNFL quadrants, and RNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Daldal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Usak University Faculty of Medicine, Usak, TUR
| | - Ayla Gokmen Salici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Usak University Training and Research Hospital, Usak, TUR
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16
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Carbone LD, Johnson K, Larson JC, Thomas F, Wactawski-Wende J, Bollinger K, Chen Z, Watsky M. Association of vitamin D with incident glaucoma: findings from the Women's Health Initiative. J Investig Med 2021; 69:jim-2020-001645. [PMID: 33431603 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D and glaucoma is controversial. The objective of this study was to examine women from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) to determine if there is an association between vitamin D and incident glaucoma in postmenopausal women. We examined the association between dietary vitamin D intake, vitamin D supplements and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of developing glaucoma. 143,389 postmenopausal women from the WHI including a subset with serum 25(OH) D measurements were examined to determine the association of dietary, supplemental and serum levels of vitamin D to the development of glaucoma. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, use of vitamin D supplements and serum levels of 25(OH) D were predictors examined for the main outcome of incident glaucoma. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical variables and medication use, dietary vitamin D, vitamin D supplements, total vitamin D intake (diet plus supplements) and serum 25 (OH) D measurements were not significantly associated with incident glaucoma. In the CaD placebo-controlled intervention clinical trial, there was also no association in the active intervention arm with glaucoma. We conclude that dietary vitamin D intake, supplements and serum levels are not significantly related to the risk of developing glaucoma in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Carbone
- Medicine, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Medicine, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Johnson
- Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph C Larson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fridtjof Thomas
- Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Ophthalmology, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mitchell Watsky
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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17
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Ulhaq Z. Vitamin D and its receptor polymorphisms are associated with glaucoma. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:1009-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy which can lead to irreversible blindness if untreated. A number of studies have been published suggesting a correlation between the level of serum vitamin D3 and glaucoma or intraocular pressure (IOP). The latter is known to be a major risk factor for glaucoma and is the main target of glaucoma treatment. We give a critical review of the literature, exploring what is known about this matter. While some studies report an inverse association between serum vitamin D3 and IOP, others do not confirm this finding. Similar divergent conclusions came from studies regarding the association between serum vitamin D3 and the presence or severity of glaucoma. The effect of vitamin D3 on IOP decrease has been attributed to both aqueous humor production and trabecular meshwork outflow pathway increase. Vitamin D3 has been shown to play a major role in reducing inflammation, modulating the immune response, and decreasing angiogenesis in the eye and in other organs. It has been suggested that, through its neuroprotective effect, vitamin D3 could be a protective factor for glaucoma and that vitamin D3 deficiency could explain glaucoma occurrence or severity in some patients. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis have been similarly related to vitamin D3 deficiency. 1α,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (calcitriol) supplementation has been shown to be beneficial for lowering IOP in monkeys. Although the studies highlighted in this review show interesting results, their limitations underscore the need for both population-based studies and larger randomized controlled trial with vitamin D3 supplementation. The specific role of vitamin D3 in the pathology of glaucoma remains to be elucidated, together with the possible therapeutic benefit of vitamin D3 supplementation.
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Natural Products: Evidence for Neuroprotection to Be Exploited in Glaucoma. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103158. [PMID: 33081127 PMCID: PMC7602834 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is an optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is recognized as the main risk factor. Despite effective IOP-lowering therapies, the disease progresses in a significant number of patients. Therefore, alternative IOP-independent strategies aiming at halting or delaying RGC degeneration is the current therapeutic challenge for glaucoma management. Here, we review the literature on the neuroprotective activities, and the underlying mechanisms, of natural compounds and dietary supplements in experimental and clinical glaucoma.
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20
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Huynh B, Shah P, Sii F, Hunter D, Carnt N, White A. Low systemic vitamin D as a potential risk factor in primary open-angle glaucoma: a review of current evidence. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:595-601. [PMID: 32606080 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Currently, intraocular pressure is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma; thus, identifying other modifiable determinants may have far-reaching outcomes. There has been increasing interest in vitamin D status and glaucoma pathogenesis as low vitamin D has been identified by some studies as an independent risk factor for glaucoma. Although the exact mechanism of vitamin D in glaucoma remains uncertain, there is sufficient evidence to continue research in this area. There is a potential physiological role for vitamin D as an anti-inflammatory agent in the oxidative stress-driven pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma, and further studies are required to evaluate the temporal and causal relationship. Ocular vitamin D status in the tear, aqueous and vitreous fluid is a prospective gap in research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Institute for Glaucoma Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK.,University College London, London, UK.,Centre for Health and Social Care Improvement, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Freda Sii
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham Institute for Glaucoma Research, Institute of Translational Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - Damien Hunter
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicole Carnt
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew White
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia.,Community Eye Care Centre, Western Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Westmead Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Save Sight Institute, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Makoui MH, Imani D, Motallebnezhad M, Azimi M, Razi B. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and susceptibility to asthma: Meta-analysis based on 17 case-control studies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 124:57-69. [PMID: 31654764 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, several studies have evaluated the potential association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to asthma. In spite of valuable findings, the results are still contradictory. Therefore, a comprehensive meta-analysis not only solves discrepancies but provides a clue for future projects. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis was performed to identify whether VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI (rs2228570) or TaqI (rs731236) or BsmI (rs1544410) or ApaI (rs7975232)) play a role in the risk of asthma. METHODS Electronic search of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically conducted from their inception until June 2019, to identify all published studies. Eligibility of the studies was confirmed by precise inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the resultant studies were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 17 studies concerning VDR gene polymorphisms and asthma risk were included in this meta-analysis. The results of pooled analysis indicated a statistically significant association between FokI SNP (dominant model [OR = 0.78, 95% CI, 0.62-0.98, random effect model] and allelic model [OR = 0.81, 95% CI, 0.67-0.98, random effect model]) and TaqI SNP (homozygote contract model [OR = 0.70, 95% CI, 0.54-0.89]) with asthma risk. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that ethnicity influences asthma risk in Asian, African, and American populations. The sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the results. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that VDR gene polymorphism is associated with the risk of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hassanzadeh Makoui
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Danyal Imani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Motallebnezhad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Razi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Zhang YH, Xing YQ, Chen Z, Ma XC, Lu Q. Association between interleukin-10 genetic polymorphisms and risk of primary open angle glaucoma in a Chinese Han population: a case-control study. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1605-1611. [PMID: 31637197 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) genetic polymorphisms and risk of POAG through a case-control study in a Han population of China. METHODS A total of 210 patients with POAG and 420 normal subjects were recruited during the period from Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2016. The IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871) and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms were determined using iPlex GOLD SNP genotyping analysis (the SequenomMassARRAY® System, Sequenom, San Diego, USA). The association between IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800870), -819T>C (rs1800871), and -592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphisms and risk of POAG was assessed by singlelogistic regression analysis. RESULTS We observed that those carrying the CC genotype of rs1800871 was associated with an increased risk of POAG when compared with those harboring the TT genotype (OR=1.84, 95%CI=1.01-3.38). Those with AA genotype of rs1800872 had a 10.62 fold risk of POAG in comparison to the CC genotype (OR=10.62, 95%CI, 3.41-33.09). A completely linkage disequilibrium was found between IL-10 rs1800871-rs1800872 (D'=1.00, r 2=0.16). The A-C-A (OR=2.60, 95%CI, 1.48-4.58) and G-T-A (OR=2.34, 95%CI, 1.42-3.86) haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of POAG, while the A-T-C haplotype showed a decreased risk of POAG (OR=0.63, 95%CI, 0.49-0.81). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that IL-10 rs1800871 and rs1800872 can be predictive factors for the pathogenesis of POAG in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Pronvince, China.,Ophthalmology Department of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Pronvince, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Pronvince, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Ma
- Ophthalmology Department of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Ophthalmology Department of Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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23
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Ayyagari R, Chen YDI, Zangwill LM, Holman M, Dirkes K, Hai Y, Arzumanyan Z, Slight R, Hammel N, Girkin CA, Liebmann JM, Feldman R, Dubiner H, Taylor KD, Rotter JI, Guo X, Weinreb RN. Association of severity of primary open-angle glaucoma with serum vitamin D levels in patients of African descent. Mol Vis 2019; 25:438-445. [PMID: 31523121 PMCID: PMC6707754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the relationship between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in a cohort of patients of African descent (AD) and serum vitamin D levels. Methods A subset of the AD and glaucoma evaluation study III (ADAGES III) cohort, consisting of 357 patients with a diagnosis of POAG and 178 normal controls of self-reported AD, were included in this analysis. Demographic information, family history, and blood samples were collected from all the participants. All the subjects underwent clinical evaluation, including visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD), central cornea thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and height and weight measurements. POAG patients were classified into early and advanced phenotypes based on the severity of their visual field damage, and they were matched for age, gender, and history of hypertension and diabetes. Serum 25-Hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association of serum vitamin D levels with the development and severity of POAG was tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the paired t-test. Results The 178 early POAG subjects had a visual field MD of better than -4.0 dB, and the 179 advanced glaucoma subjects had a visual field MD of worse than -10 dB. The mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) levels of vitamin D of the subjects in the control (8.02 ± 6.19 pg/ml) and early phenotype (7.56 ± 5.74 pg/ml) groups were significantly or marginally significantly different from the levels observed in subjects with the advanced phenotype (6.35 ± 4.76 pg/ml; p = 0.0117 and 0.0543, respectively). In contrast, the mean serum vitamin D level in controls was not significantly different from that of the subjects with the early glaucoma phenotype (p = 0.8508). Conclusions In this AD cohort, patients with advanced glaucoma had lower serum levels of vitamin D compared with early glaucoma and normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Ayyagari
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yii-der I. Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Linda M. Zangwill
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Matt Holman
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Keri Dirkes
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Zorayr Arzumanyan
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Rigby Slight
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Naama Hammel
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Liebmann
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Research Laboratory, Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert Feldman
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Lv Y, Han X, Yao Q, Zhang K, Zheng L, Hong W, Xing X. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 attenuates oxidative stress-induced damage in human trabecular meshwork cells by inhibiting TGFβ-SMAD3-VDR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and molecular genetic characteristics of vitamin D metabolism. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17816/ov11219-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To study the possible association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, FokI) with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) clinical manifestations.
Methods. We examined 160 subjects (72 males (45%), and 88 females (55%)) aged from 55 to 75 years, residents of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region. 122 patients with PEG were enrolled in the main study group, the control group comprised 38 subjects without PEG, primary open angle glaucoma (POUG) and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES). 25(OH)D serum levels were assessed by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method. Detection of VDR gene allele polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, and TaqI) was carried out using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique.
Results. Patients with PEG had lower 25(OH)D serum levels compared to patients in the control group (39.3 ± 1.2 and 52.7 ± 2.1 nMol/l, respectively, p < 0.01). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found to be higher among PEG patients than among healthy subjects (86.4% and 59.5%, respectively, p < 0.01). The prevalence of b allele (p < 0.001) and bb genotype (p < 0.001) (BsmI polymorphism), as well as of f allele and ff genotype (p < 0.05) (FokI polymorphism) in PEG patients were higher compared to healthy subjects. We found that the Fallele carriers (FokI polymorphism) had greater corneal thickness than the ff genotype carriers (547.3 ± 4.1 μm and 502.1 ± 25.8 μm, respectively, p < 0.01). It was revealed, that bb genotype, Bb genotype (BsmI polymorphism), and ff genotype (FokI polymorphism) were associated with the increased risk of PEG (OR = 8.2, CI 95%: 3.4-19.9; OR = 3.9, CI 95%: 1.7-9.0; OR = 2.3, CI 95%: 1.2-4.5, respectively).
Conclusions. Results of this study for the first time ever showed the association between BsmI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
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Ramdas WD, Schouten JSAG, Webers CAB. The Effect of Vitamins on Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030359. [PMID: 29547516 PMCID: PMC5872777 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of is to determine the association of vitamins with glaucoma by performing a systematic review and meta-analyses. Methods: Studies on the relation of vitamins and glaucoma published up to December 2017 were identified in the PubMed and Embase database. Data on vitamins (method of assessment), glaucoma (type and method of assessment), study characteristics and quality were recorded. In case of multiple studies for one nutrient a meta-analysis was performed. Results: A total of 629 articles were identified of which 36 were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis included five of them (940 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) cases and 123,697 controls in total) and resulted in an odds ratio [95% confidence interval] (OR [95% CI]) of 0.58 [0.37–0.91] for dietary vitamin A, though heterogeneity was high (I2 = 51%). After omitting studies that contributed significantly to the heterogeneity, the pooled OR [95% CI] was 0.45 [0.30–0.68] for dietary vitamin A on OAG (I2 = 0%). For vitamin B1, C and E no significant association with OAG was found (OR [95% CI]: 0.84 [0.47–1.51]; 0.68 [0.38–1.22]; 0.95 [0.75–1.19]; respectively). However, after addressing heterogeneity, vitamin C showed a protective effect as well. Especially, foods high in these vitamins (e.g., dark green vegetables) were protective for OAG. Conclusions: Dietary intake of vitamin A and C showed a beneficial association with OAG; however, findings on blood levels of vitamins do not show a clear relation with OAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wishal D Ramdas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan S A G Schouten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Sangkaew B, Nuinoon M, Jeenduang N. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with serum 25(OH)D levels and metabolic syndrome in Thai population. Gene 2018; 659:59-66. [PMID: 29555202 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms have been found associated with MetS and serum 25(OH)D levels but these associations remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the VDR polymorphisms and MetS, metabolic components, and serum 25(OH)D levels within the Thai population. A case-control study included 237 participants with MetS according to the MetS diagnostic criteria of NCEP ATPIII and 376 controls. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, lipid profiles, serum 25 (OH)D, and fasting blood glucose were measured. VDR FokI, BsmI, TaqI, and Cdx2 polymorphisms were genotyped by using PCR-HRM. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of VDR genotypes and alleles between MetS and the control groups. VDR TaqI TT, and BsmI BB + Bb genotypes were associated with lower 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.05) in comparison to TaqI Tt, and BsmI bb genotypes in the MetS group, respectively. In addition, the VDR Cdx2 GG genotype was associated with higher WC compared with the AG genotype in all subjects (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BB + Bb genotypes of the VDR BsmI had significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of hypertriglyceridemia when compared with the bb genotype (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.10-3.19, p = 0.022). In conclusion, VDR BsmI variant was associated with hypertriglyceridemia and may be predisposed to developing MetS. VDR TaqI and BsmI polymorphisms seems to influence serum 25(OH)D levels in MetS subjects, while Cdx2 polymorphism may influence WC in all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonnisa Sangkaew
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Manit Nuinoon
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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Association between VDR polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis: systematic review and updated meta-analysis of case-control studies. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:225-234. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li S, Li D, Shao M, Cao W, Sun X. Lack of Association between Serum Vitamin B₆, Vitamin B 12, and Vitamin D Levels with Different Types of Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017. [PMID: 28635642 PMCID: PMC5490615 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although vitamins play a major role in health, and their deficiency may be linked to symptoms of optic-nerve dysfunction, the association between serum vitamin levels and glaucoma in humans remains controversial. In this study, articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched up to 25March 2017. Nine studies on primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), four studies on normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and six studies on exfoliative glaucoma (EXG) were retrieved. The combined results showed no differences in the levels of serum vitamin B6 between POAG (p = 0.406) and EXG (p = 0.139) patients and controls. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.792 ng/mL (−3.793 to 9.377) and 1.342 ng/mL (−3.120 to 0.436), respectively. There was no difference between POAG (p = 0.952), NTG (p = 0.757), or EXG (p = 0.064) patients and controls in terms of serum vitamin B12. The WMDs with 95% CIs were 0.933 pg/mL (−31.116 to 29.249), 6.652 pg/mL (−35.473 to 48.777), and 49.946 pg/mL (−102.892 to 3.001), respectively. The serum vitamin D levels exhibited no differences (p = 0.064) between POAG patients and controls; the WMD with 95% CI was 2.488 ng/mL (−5.120 to 0.145). In conclusion, there was no association found between serum vitamin B6, vitamin B12, or vitamin D levels and the different types of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Danhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Mingxi Shao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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