1
|
Machluf Y, Israeli A, Cohen E, Chaiter Y, Mezer E. Dissecting the complex sex-based associations of myopia with height and weight. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1485-1495. [PMID: 38242948 PMCID: PMC11126622 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess height and weight as possible sex-specific risk factors for bilateral myopia among young adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 101,438 pre-enlisted young adult males and females, aged 17.4 ± 0.6 and 17.3 ± 0.5 years, respectively, and born during 1971-1994. Categories of BMI (body mass index) were defined according to sex-related percentiles for 17-year-olds following U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, and subjects were divided into five height and weight categories according to sex-adjusted percentiles. Data included best-corrected visual acuity, diverse socio-demographic variables, anthropometric indices, and refractive errors, namely bilateral myopes and emmetropes. RESULTS The prevalence of bilateral myopia in males and females was 19.1% and 26.0%, respectively. Bilateral myopia displayed a J-shaped associated with BMI, achieving statistical significance only among males (p < 0.0001). Weight displayed a U-shaped association with bilateral myopia among both young males (p < 0.0001) and females (p < 0.005). A higher prevalence of bilateral myopia was observed only among males of the lower height category (p < 0.0001), even when controlling for BMI (from normal to obesity). In a multivariable regression model, obesity was associated with higher prevalence of bilateral myopia (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, p = 0.002), only among males. There were no interactions of BMI with height or weight. Bilateral myopia was also associated with prehypertension among males (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.15, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A higher risk for bilateral myopia was associated with either BMI solely or height and weight, as well as pre-hypertension, in males. The possible association with low height requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yossy Machluf
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Unit of Agrigenomics, Shamir Research Institute, Haifa University, Kazerin, Israel.
| | - Asaf Israeli
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eduardo Cohen
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yoram Chaiter
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Israeli Center for Emerging Technologies in Hospitals and Hospital-based Health Technology Assessment, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Eedy Mezer
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen N, Sheng Y, Wang G, Liu J. Association Between Physical Indicators and Myopia in American Adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2008. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 260:132-139. [PMID: 38151196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myopia is the most prevalent refractive error, imposing a substantial economic burden. Physical indicators constitute significant influencing factors for myopia. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) investigates the health and nutritional status of both children and adults in the United States. This study leveraged NHANES to explore the association between physical indicators and myopia among American adolescents. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. METHODS The final study cohort consisted of 9008 adolescents. Demographic data, physical indicators, and vision data were extracted. The association between myopia and demographic factors, as well as physical indicators, employed weighted methods. Regression models were utilized to identify the associations between physical indicators and myopia. Cumulative odds logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the association between physical indicators and the degree of myopia. Restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine the potential nonlinear relationship between physical indicators and the risk of myopia. RESULTS The occurrence of myopia was significantly correlated with age (P < .001) and race (P = .019). Adolescents in the fourth percentile for weight (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.70) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51) exhibited an increased possibility of myopia. The highest risk of myopia was observed when the BMI approached 30. Height emerged as a risk factor for the degree of myopia (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03). CONCLUSIONS A certain association existed between physical indicators and myopia. Weight and BMI were related to the occurrence of myopia, while height and race were associated with the degree of myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ninghong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Yonghong Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu 241000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu F, Ye Y, Yang W, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Chen Z, Shen Y, Li M, Zhou X. Quantitative Evaluation of the Topographical Maps of Three-Dimensional Choroidal Vascularity Index in Children With Different Degrees of Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:14. [PMID: 38466287 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate topographical maps of the three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index (3D-CVI) in children with different levels of myopia. Methods We enrolled 274 eyes from 143 children with various severity of myopia, including emmetropia (EM), low myopia (LM), and moderate-high myopia (MHM). The choroidal vessel volume (CVV), choroidal stroma volume (CSV), and 3D-CVI in different eccentricities (fovea, parafovea, and perifovea) and quadrants (nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior) were obtained from swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) volume scans. All choroidal parameters were compared among groups, and the associated factors contributing to different 3D-CVIs were analyzed. Results Compared to the less myopic group, the more myopic group showed a significant decrease in CVV and CSV (MHM < LM < EM) and a significant increase in the 3D-CVI (MHM > LM > EM) in most areas (all P < 0.05). The nasal quadrant had the greatest 3D-CVI and lowest CSV and CVV, and vice versa in the temporal quadrant. The 3D-CVIs of the EM and LM groups gradually increased from the fovea to the perifovea, whereas the 3D-CVI of the MHM group first decreased and then increased. Regression analysis showed that axial length was an independent risk factor affecting foveal and parafoveal 3D-CVIs. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that the 3D-CVI increased with spherical equivalent (SE) when the SE was less than threshold and decreased when the SE was greater than threshold (SE thresholds for foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal 3D-CVIs were -5.25 D, -5.125 D, and -2.00 D, respectively; all P < 0.05). Conclusions Children with myopia exhibited decreased CSV and CVV, increased 3D-CVIs, and altered 3D-CVI eccentricity characteristics (from the fovea to the perifovea). The quadratic relationship between the 3D-CVI and SE should be explored in longitudinal investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shinoda G, Nagaoka Y, Ueno F, Kurokawa N, Takahashi I, Onuma T, Noda A, Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Metoki H, Sugawara J, Kuriyama S. Association between being Overweight in Young Childhood and during School Age and Puberty. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050909. [PMID: 37238457 DOI: 10.3390/children10050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether body type at birth, body weight, and obesity in early childhood are associated with overweight/obesity during school age and puberty. Data from maternal and child health handbooks, baby health checkup information, and school physical examination information of participants at birth and three-generation cohort studies were linked. Association between body type and body weight at different time intervals (at birth and at 1.5, 3.5, 6, 11, and 14 years of age) were comprehensively analyzed using a multivariate regression model adjusted for gender, maternal age at childbirth, maternal parity, and maternal body mass index, and drinking and smoking statuses at pregnancy confirmation. Children who are overweight in young childhood had a greater risk of being overweight. Particularly, overweight at one year of age during checkup was associated with overweight at 3.5 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 13.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.46-45.42), 6 years (aOR, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.64-33.46), and 11 years (aOR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.25-24.79) of age. Therefore, being overweight in young childhood could increase the risk of being overweight and obese during school age and puberty. Early intervention in young childhood may be warranted to prevent obesity during school age and puberty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genki Shinoda
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Yudai Nagaoka
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Education, Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-Ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Suzuki Memorial Hospital, 3-5-5, Satonomori, Iwanumashi 989-2481, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramakiaoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vera-Diaz FA, Jnawali A, Panorgias A, Bex PJ, Kerber KL. Baseline metrics that may predict future myopia in young children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:466-481. [PMID: 36892148 PMCID: PMC10416753 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We used baseline data from the PICNIC longitudinal study to investigate structural, functional, behavioural and heritable metrics that may predict future myopia in young children. METHODS Cycloplegic refractive error (M) and optical biometry were obtained in 97 young children with functional emmetropia. Children were classified as high risk (HR) or low risk (LR) for myopia based on parental myopia and M. Other metrics included axial length (AXL), axial length/corneal radius (AXL/CR) and refractive centile curves. RESULTS Based on the PICNIC criteria, 46 children (26 female) were classified as HR (M = +0.62 ± 0.44 D, AXL = 22.80 ± 0.64 mm) and 51 (27 female) as LR (M = +1.26 ± 0.44 D, AXL = 22.77 ± 0.77 mm). Based on centiles, 49 children were HR, with moderate agreement compared with the PICNIC classification (k = 0.65, p < 0.01). ANCOVA with age as a covariate showed a significant effect for AXL (p < 0.01), with longer AXL and deeper anterior chamber depth (ACD) (p = 0.01) in those at HR (differences AXL = 0.16 mm, ACD = 0.13 mm). Linear regression models showed that central corneal thickness (CCT), ACD, posterior vitreous depth (PVD) (=AXL - CCT - ACD-lens thickness (LT)), corneal radius (CR) and age significantly predicted M (R = 0.64, p < 0.01). Each 1.00 D decrease in hyperopia was associated with a 0.97 mm elongation in PVD and 0.43 mm increase in CR. The ratio AXL/CR significantly predicted M (R = -0.45, p < 0.01), as did AXL (R = -0.25, p = 0.01), although to a lesser extent. CONCLUSIONS Although M and AXL were highly correlated, the classification of pre-myopic children into HR or LR was significantly different when using each parameter, with AXL/CR being the most predictive metric. At the end of the longitudinal study, we will be able to assess the predictability of each metric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter J. Bex
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|