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Desloovere A, Polderman N, Renken-Terhaerdt J, Shaw V, Anderson C, Greenbaum LA, Nelms CL, Qizalbash L, Stabouli S, Tuokkola J, Warady BA, Vande Walle J, Paglialonga F, Shroff R, Snauwaert E. The Management of Dietary Fiber Intake in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease - Clinical Practice Recommendations From the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. J Ren Nutr 2024:S1051-2276(24)00095-5. [PMID: 38866350 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of dietary fiber are widely accepted. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of children fail to meet the recommended intake of dietary fiber. Achieving adequate fiber intake is especially challenging in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). An international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) has developed clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the dietary intake of fiber in children and adolescents with CKD. In this CPR paper, we propose a definition of fiber, provide advice on the requirements and assessment of fiber intake, and offer practical guidance on optimizing dietary fiber intake in children with CKD. In addition, given the paucity of available evidence and to achieve consensus from international experts, a Delphi survey was performed in which all the clinical practice recommendations were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Desloovere
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Disease (ERKNet), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nonnie Polderman
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - José Renken-Terhaerdt
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Shaw
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Anderson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Larry A Greenbaum
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina L Nelms
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Leila Qizalbash
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Northern Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Stabouli
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, 1st Pediatric Department, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jetta Tuokkola
- Children's Hospital and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Johan Vande Walle
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Disease (ERKNet), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evelien Snauwaert
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Disease (ERKNet), Ghent, Belgium.
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Chen L, Avendano EA, Valdes-Valderrama A, Lan JL, Tye D, Morin RA, Staffier KA, McKeown NM, Nirmala N. Physiologic Effects of Isolated or Synthetic Dietary Fiber in Children: A Scoping Review. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102074. [PMID: 38328774 PMCID: PMC10847057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fiber is an integral part of a healthy diet. Studies have shown that the fiber intake in children is below adequate amounts, leading to adverse health outcomes. Objectives This study aimed to perform a scoping review to assess the available evidence for the impact of isolated and synthetic dietary fiber on children's health outcomes. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Ovid Global Health, Embase, and Cochrane Library via Wiley to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in healthy children aged 1-18 y at baseline who consumed added, isolated, or synthetic dietary fiber. The outcomes of interest were categorized based on the Food and Drug Administration's guidance for industry on nondigestible carbohydrates and the Vahouny Fiber Symposium criteria, which included reduced fasting blood, glucose, total and/or LDL cholesterol concentrations, attenuation of postprandial glycemia/insulinemia, increased fecal bulk/laxation, reduced transit time, weight loss/reduction in adiposity, reduced energy intake from food consumption, increased satiety, bone health/enhanced mineral absorption, and blood pressure. We also cataloged additional reported outcomes. Results Of 3837 randomized controlled parallel or crossover trials screened at the abstract level, 160 were eligible for full-text review, and 32 included for data extraction. This scoping review presents analysis of data from 32 RCTs in children who were healthy, overweight/obese or had mild hypercholesterolemia. Inulin-type fructans (41%) and psyllium (22%) were the most frequently administered fiber types, with weight/adiposity, markers of lipid metabolism (41%), and bone-related markers (38%) being the most frequently reported health outcomes. Only a few RCTs have investigated the effects of laxation (9%), and none specifically studied the impact of fiber on reducing postprandial glycemia/insulinemia. Conclusions This scoping review demonstrates sufficient evidence for conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses for several outcomes. Evidence gaps remain on the impact of isolated fibers on outcomes such as laxation, colonic transit time, and postprandial glycemia/insulinemia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfei Chen
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Esther A Avendano
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Jessie L Lan
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dominique Tye
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca A Morin
- Hirsh Health Sciences Library, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kara A Staffier
- American College of Life Style Medicine, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nanguneri Nirmala
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Chokor FAZ, Hwalla N, Naja F, Nasreddine L. Food sources of fiber and micronutrients of concern among infants and young children in Lebanon: a national cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38243229 PMCID: PMC10797939 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intakes of fiber, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and folate were shown to be low in a substantial proportion of infants and children in Lebanon. The study aims to identify the top food sources of fiber, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and folate amongst infants and young children in Lebanon and to evaluate the evolution of food sources of these nutrients from the beginning of the complementary feeding journey up until the age of 47.9 months. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2012 as part of the "Early Life Nutrition and Health in Lebanon" project using stratified cluster sampling. Dietary intakes for infants and young children aged 6-47.9 months (n = 763) were assessed using 24- Hour Dietary Recall. Food items were categorized into food groups and the percent contribution of each food group to nutrient intakes was determined to identify the top food sources of fiber and selected micronutrients for three age groups: 6-11.9 m (infants), 12-23.9 m (toddlers), and 24-47.9 m (preschoolers). RESULTS The top food source of fiber was vegetables among children aged 6-47.9 months. Among infants and toddlers, infant/young child formula was the main contributor to iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin A, and folate intakes. Baby cereals also contributed to around 14% of iron intakes among infants. Among preschoolers, meat and fish contributed to 13% of iron intakes and 29% of zinc intakes, while cow's milk was the major contributor of calcium (41%), vitamin D (81%) and vitamin A (25%) intakes. Sweetened beverages and sweet bakery were also ranked among the major food sources contributing to substantial intakes of key nutrients, including fiber, iron, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and folate among infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. CONCLUSIONS In addition to milk sources, vegetables, beans and legumes, breads, meats, and rice and pasta, sweet bakery and sweetened beverages have contributed to intakes of key nutrients from early ages. This calls for implementing initiatives and designing approaches to support nutrition education and improve nutrient intakes in infancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Al Zahraa Chokor
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hamulka J, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Gutkowska K, Drywień ME, Jeruszka-Bielak M. Nutrition-Related Knowledge, Diet Quality, Lifestyle, and Body Composition of 7-12-Years-Old Polish Students: Study Protocol of National Educational Project Junior-Edu-Żywienie (JEŻ). Nutrients 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 38201834 PMCID: PMC10780563 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing students' nutrition knowledge is an important goal of school education which may improve their lifestyle and consequently reduce the incidence of non-communicable chronic diseases, including obesity. This research aimed at assessing the dietary habits, nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes, and nutritional status of Polish students aged 7-12 years. Additional objectives included recognizing nutrition-related knowledge among their parents and teachers as well as the school food and nutrition environment. The final goal was to develop a nutrition education program. This study protocol presents a general and detailed approach for realizing the above-mentioned issues, including conducting quantitative and qualitative research. The study was designed as cross-sectional, covering primary school students from all over Poland, including rural, town, and metropolitan areas. Data on eating habits, lifestyle, nutrition-related knowledge, and attitudes were collected with questionnaires. Measurements of body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and handgrip strength were performed in accordance with the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (ISAK) recommendations. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysis. Ultimately, 2218 schools from all 16 voivodeships in Poland registered for the project. In total, quantitative data were collected among 27,295 students, 17,070 parents, and 2616 teachers. Anthropometric measurements were taken among 18,521 students. The results allow us to develop a multifaceted educational program based on knowledge and adapted to the perception of students. Our research may contribute to the identification of subpopulations of children and adolescents at risk of excessive body weight and define the predictors of obesity risk in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (M.E.D.)
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Gutkowska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Ewa Drywień
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (M.E.D.)
| | - Marta Jeruszka-Bielak
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 166 Nowoursynowska St., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.H.); (M.E.D.)
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Wan M, King L, Baugh N, Arslan Z, Snauwaert E, Paglialonga F, Shroff R. Gutted: constipation in children with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3581-3596. [PMID: 36622442 PMCID: PMC10514126 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Functional constipation is a common problem in otherwise healthy children. Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on dialysis have additional disease-related risk factors including the uremic milieu, fluid and dietary restrictions, and decreased physical activity, as well as treatment-related risk factors such as dialysis therapy and polypharmacy that contribute to and compound the problem. Constipation causes significant distress for children and their caregivers. In children on peritoneal dialysis, severe constipation can impede catheter function and ultrafiltration. Accumulating evidence points to a possible bidirectional relationship between constipation and CKD, potentially mediated by gut dysbiosis with consequent increased generation of gut-derived uremic toxins and disruption of intestinal epithelium integrity leading to translocation of noxious luminal contents into the circulation inducing systemic inflammation. Effective management of constipation is required but there is little published data on the safety and effectiveness of treatments in adults or children with CKD. In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and epidemiology of functional constipation, provide an overview of its pathophysiology, summarize the therapeutic management, and reflect on the challenges in children with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Wan
- Evelina Pharmacy Department, Evelina London Children's Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's and St ThomasWestminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Lillian King
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Natasha Baugh
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Zainab Arslan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Fabio Paglialonga
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rukshana Shroff
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Salo TEI, Niinistö S, Korhonen TE, Pastell H, Reinivuo H, Takkinen HM, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Knip M, Veijola R, Virtanen SM. Intake and sources of dietary fibre and dietary fibre fractions in Finnish children. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1416-1426. [PMID: 36803617 PMCID: PMC10511677 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The current definition of dietary fibre was adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 2009, but implementation requires updating food composition databases with values based on appropriate analysis methods. Previous data on population intakes of dietary fibre fractions are sparse. We studied the intake and sources of total dietary fibre (TDF) and dietary fibre fractions insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), dietary fibre soluble in water but insoluble in 76 % aqueous ethanol (SDFP) and dietary fibre soluble in water and soluble in 76 % aqueous ethanol (SDFS) in Finnish children based on new CODEX-compliant values of the Finnish National Food Composition Database Fineli. Our sample included 5193 children at increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes from the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention birth cohort, born between 1996 and 2004. We assessed the intake and sources based on 3-day food records collected at the ages of 6 months, 1, 3 and 6 years. Both absolute and energy-adjusted intakes of TDF were associated with age, sex and breast-feeding status of the child. Children of older parents, parents with a higher level of education, non-smoking mothers and children with no older siblings had higher energy-adjusted TDF intake. IDF was the major dietary fibre fraction in non-breastfed children, followed by SDFP and SDFS. Cereal products, fruits and berries, potatoes and vegetables were major food sources of dietary fibre. Breast milk was a major source of dietary fibre in 6-month-olds due to its human milk oligosaccharide content and resulted in high SDFS intakes in breastfed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli E. I. Salo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Niinistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli E. Korhonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Pastell
- Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Reinivuo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna-Mari Takkinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 10, FI-90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Suvi M. Virtanen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI-33521 Tampere, Finland
- Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Lattanzi G, Di Rosa C, Spiezia C, Sacco R, Cattafi S, Romano L, Benvenuto D, Fabris S, De Gara L, Khazrai YM. "Nutripiatto": A tool for nutritional education. A survey to assess dietary habits in preschool children. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282748. [PMID: 36881589 PMCID: PMC9990952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health concern linked to metabolic and psychological comorbidities. There is growing evidence that children's lifestyle habits are shifting towards obesity, with dire consequences for their future well-being and healthcare costs. In this interventional study, we enrolled 115 children aged between 4-5 years (53% females and 47% males) and carried out nutrition education interventions to improve their dietary habits. We introduced "Nutripiatto", a visual plate icon and easy guide, which was used by the children during the study. We investigated the children's dietary habits using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study, after one month of using "Nutripiatto". The results showed that the children significantly increased the portion sizes and frequency of vegetable consumption (P<0.001) and reduced the consumption of several junk foods such as French fries and crisps (P<0.001), reaching the recommended dietary allowances and frequency of consumption. Daily consumption of water also significantly increased, reaching the suggested amount of six glasses per day. Based on these results, "Nutripiatto" can be considered an effective visual guide and helpful tool to achieve small changes and empower families to make healthier food choices. It can also be considered an effective educational tool for nutritionists and healthcare professionals to improve children's dietary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Lattanzi
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Rosa
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Unit of Child & Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Cattafi
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Romano
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Benvenuto
- Unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Fabris
- Unit of Medical Statistic and Molecular Epidemiology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Risso D, Kaczmarczyk M, Laurie I, Mah E, Blonquist TM, Derrig L, Karnik K. Moderate intakes of soluble corn fibre or inulin do not cause gastrointestinal discomfort and are well tolerated in healthy children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1104-1115. [PMID: 36245250 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance of soluble corn fibre (SCF) compared with inulin in children 3-9 years old. SCF (3-8 g/d for 10d) was tolerated as well as inulin: no differences were identified in stool frequency and consistency, proportion of subjects with at least one loose stool or reporting symptoms during bowel movement. Compared to inulin, 6 g/d of SCF lowered gas severity in children aged 3-5 years old. No differences were noted for alpha and beta diversity, relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, or the Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio. Relative abundance of some specific strains (i.e. Anaerostipes, Bifidobacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Parabacteroides) varied depending on the fibre type and dose level. Fortification at a level of 6-8 g/d of SCF and/or inulin could help addressing the fibre gap without any GI discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Inc., Addison, IL, USA
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The Assessment of School Lunches in the Form of Food Packs during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9101459. [PMID: 36291394 PMCID: PMC9600045 DOI: 10.3390/children9101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the pandemic, Latvian schools switched to remote learning which required looking for solutions to provide state-funded school lunches for pupils at home. The aim of study was to analyse the type of support received by pupils for provision of school lunches, the compliance of the composition of food packs with Latvian healthy diet recommendations and parental assessment of the food packs received. With the help of the questionnaire data on the composition of food packs, parental assessment was obtained by interviewing 1495 parents of pupils in grades 1–4 (age 6–11 years). The composition of food packs was evaluated in accordance with the recommendations for a healthy diet. Food packs were the main choice for the provision of school lunches in all regions (90.70%). The emphasis in the food packs was on protein-rich products like canned meat and meat products (93.36%) and milk (91.37%). 81.71% of food packs contained both vegetables and fruits. Food packs covered basic needs but improvements would be needed. The parents appreciated the support received, 90% of them rated it as positive/partially positive. In the event of a pandemic recurrence, the state would need to work with food producers to provide smaller packaging of products for food packs to ensure food diversity.
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Food Sources of Fiber and Micronutrients of Concern in Infants and Children in the United Arab Emirates: Findings from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) and the Kids Nutrition and Health Survey (KNHS) 2020. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142819. [PMID: 35889776 PMCID: PMC9324925 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimated the usual intakes of fiber, iron, zinc, calcium, folate, vitamin D, and vitamin A and the top foods that contribute to them among children in the UAE. Dietary intake was assessed using 24 h recalls among 5 age groups of infants and children. Foods were clustered into 54 food groups and ranked by their percentage contribution to the nutrients of interest in this study. The percentage achieving the adequate intake (AI) of fiber was negligible among all children. The top source of fiber was vegetables among children under 4 years, and white breads among those over 4 years. Only 45% of infants achieved iron adequacy, but iron standards were met by most children beyond the age of 1. The main contributors to iron intake were infant/young child formula and baby cereal in children under 4 years, while children over 4 years obtained it primarily from grains (fortified) and meat/fish. Vitamin D was inadequate across all age groups, with the percentage achieving adequacy ranging from 0 to 19% among pre-adolescents and toddlers, respectively. The top sources of vitamin D were fortified milks. Overall, nutrient inadequacies in fiber, calcium, and vitamin D highlight the need for greater intakes of whole grains and fortified dairy products in the UAE.
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Abou-Dakn M, Alexy U, Beyer K, Cremer M, Ensenauer R, Flothkötter M, Geene R, Hellmers C, Joisten C, Koletzko B, Mata J, Schiffner U, Somm I, Speck M, Weißenborn A, Wöckel A. Ernährung und Bewegung im Kleinkindalter. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rasmussen RA, Sisson SB, Campbell JE, DeGrace B, Baldwin JD. Home food access and children's heart healthy dietary intake at home and child care. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221090695. [PMID: 35350911 PMCID: PMC10434760 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221090695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: About 12 million children under 5 years of age attend early care and education centers (ECEs). Child intake at home can be impacted by food insecurity, which is higher among low income, rural, and racially diverse families. Aim: Determine whether greater access to fruits, vegetables, and snacks at home was associated with heart-healthy diet score at home and at ECEs in preschool-age children, and to determine whether there is a difference in heart-healthy diet score between home and ECEs. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving children (3-to-5-year-old, n = 88) who attended 16 licensed ECEs across Oklahoma. Caregivers completed the Healthy Home Survey and 3-Dinner Dietary recall to report children's home food access and home dinner dietary intake, respectively. Researchers recorded children's ECE lunch consumption using the Dietary Observation for Child Care. Heart-healthy diet score was derived from composite scores for six variables: consumption of fish, fruits, vegetables, sodium, fiber, and sugary drinks. Results: Home access to total fruits and vegetables (16.2 ± 6.3) outnumbered snacks (5.5 ± 3.0). No difference in composite heart-healthy diet score between ECEs (1.50 ± 0.8) and home (1.27 ± 0.9, P = 0.0851). Children within neither environment met recommendations for most variables (vegetables [18-24%], fruit [6-10%], fish [5-10%], fiber [1%], sodium [22-39%]). No relationship between home food access variables and the heart-healthy diet scores at home or ECEs. Conclusion: Dietary intake of children at home and ECEs does not meet heart-healthy diet score recommendations. Interventions should support preschool aged children from families that are located rurally, low-income, racial minorities, and whose primary caregivers work outside the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A. Rasmussen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Janis E. Campbell
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Beth DeGrace
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Allied Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Baldwin
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, College of Allied Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Santos M, Matias F, Rito AI, Castanheira I, Torres D, Loureiro I, Assunção R. Breakfast Cereals Intended for Children: Opportunities for Reformulation and Potential Impact on Nutrient Intake. Foods 2021; 10:1772. [PMID: 34441549 PMCID: PMC8394760 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ready-to-eat cereals (RTECs) have become a popular breakfast option claiming to provide important nutrients to children's diets, despite being a source of excess sugar and, therefore, a health concern. Thus, food reformulation constitutes an important public health strategy that could benefit from inputs provided by nutrient profiling. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of the RTECs for children available in Portuguese supermarkets, applying three nutrient profile models (NPMs)-the nutrient profile model of the World Health Organization's Regional Office for Europe (WHO-EURO), the profile of the private-sector EU Pledge (EU-Pledge), and the national model developed by the Directorate-General of Health (NPM-PT)-in order to explore the potential for reformulation of the RTECs identified as not adequate and evaluate the impact of RTECs' reformulation on the nutritional quality of Portuguese children's diets. In total, 78 RTECs intended for children were assessed and two scenarios-current (not considering reformulation) and alternative (considering reformulation to accomplish the nutrient profile requirements)-were considered to assess the impact of reformulation on nutritional quality. Across all RTECs, only 5.1% could be promoted to children according to the considered NPMs. The most common nutrients requiring reformulation were sugar, saturated fatty acids (SFA), salt, and dietary fiber. The scenarios of reformulation considered could reduce the RTECs average content of total sugars, SFA, and salt by 43%, 8.7%, and 1.1%, respectively, and dietary fiber intake could be increased by 34%. Thus, these results support policies to implement reformulation strategies for developing healthier food products to be promoted to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.M.); (A.I.R.); (I.C.)
- NOVA National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Av Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Matias
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.M.); (A.I.R.); (I.C.)
| | - Ana Isabel Rito
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.M.); (A.I.R.); (I.C.)
- Center for Studies and Research in Social Dynamics and Health (CEIDSS), Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Castanheira
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.M.); (A.I.R.); (I.C.)
| | - Duarte Torres
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua Das Taipas 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Loureiro
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center (CISP), Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA University of Lisbon, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Health Institute Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.S.); (F.M.); (A.I.R.); (I.C.)
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Center (CISP), Comprehensive Health Research Center, NOVA University of Lisbon, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Gómez-Martín M, Domínguez B, Gueimonde M, González S. Identification of Nutritional Targets in Spanish Children Belonging to the LAyDI Cohort for the Development of Health Promotion Strategies in the First Two Years of Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030939. [PMID: 33498994 PMCID: PMC7908140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first 1000 days of life seem to represent the temporal window of opportunity for modulating some of the risk factors associated with the later development of pathologies. Nonetheless, the dietary pattern and nutritional status of children receiving complementary feeding is still understudied. We aimed to assess the food intake in children from the LAyDI cohort (Spain) at 18 and 24 months of age and evaluate this in relation to nutrient requirements and bioactive compound consumption. This was a prospective and multicenter study analyzing information from administered questionnaires about general characteristics and food frequency consumption in 426 children of 18 months and 336 of 24 months. The observed intake of vegetables, fruits, dairy, and eggs was lower than the recommendations in both periods, contrary to the consumption of meat, fish, and pulses. The consumption of energy and macronutrients was similar for all ages studied, with protein intake being slightly higher than the recommended values. Regarding micronutrients, practically the whole sample fell below the vitamin D requirements. In addition, the estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and iron, at 24 months, were below the recommended values for this population group. The mean intake of phenols was around 650 mg/day. Flavanol intake as well as both types of fiber decreased from 18 to 24 months. In conclusion, although these results have to be confirmed in other populations, it seems pertinent to propose the design of nutritional strategies aimed at increasing the intake of vitamins D and E as well as iron in Spanish children up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gómez-Martín
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Begoña Domínguez
- Group Comprehensive Approach to Childhood Overweight, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Spanish Association of Primary Care Pediatrics (AEPap), Avda. de Burgos, 28036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Paseo Río Linares, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julián Claveria, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avd. Roma, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985-104-209
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