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Nguyen NT, Nguyen T, Bui TD, Giang LT. Depression and associated factors among older people in Vietnam: Findings from a National Aging Survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299791. [PMID: 38728261 PMCID: PMC11086836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders among older people. Depressive symptoms are often overlooked and untreated in primary care settings. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among older people in Vietnam. METHOD The study analyzed data from the Vietnam National Aging Survey (VNAS) conducted in 2022 with a nationally representative sample of 3,006 older people aged 60 and over in 12 provinces. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to explore the association between depressive symptoms and other related factors such as sociodemographic and economic characteristics, social support, health status, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) limitations, chronic diseases, cigarette smoking status, alcoholic drinking, and domestic violence. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older people was 20.2%. The associated factors that increase the odds of having depression among older people were female gender (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.34-3.62), living in rural areas (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.15-2.89), the poorest quintile (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.39-3.66), self-rated poor health (OR = 11.68, 95% CI 4.96-27.49), ADL limitations (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.51-2.99), IADL limitation (OR = 1.61 95% CI 1.16-2.25), and experiencing domestic violence in the last 12 months (OR = 6.66, 95% CI 4.00-11.05). CONCLUSION Depression symptoms were prevalent among older people in Vietnam. Depression screening for older people should be included in primary care settings for early identification and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Thu Dai Bui
- Institute of Social and Medical Studies, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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McLaren S, Adhikari P. Hope and Suicidal Ideation Among Older Adults Living in the Rural Mid-Hills of Nepal. Clin Gerontol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37882778 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2274049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study investigated whether hope and its two components (agency and pathways) weakened the relations between perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and fearlessness about death and suicidal ideation among older adults living in rural Nepal. METHODS A community sample of 300 people aged from 60 to 90 years (Mage = 67.07, SDage = 6.23) who resided in the rural mid-hills of Nepal completed standardized measures. RESULTS Hope and agency moderated the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation and pathways moderated the relationship between thwarted belongingness and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Hope, and particularly agency, may play a protective role in reducing suicidal ideation among older Nepali adults living in rural areas who experience perceived burdensomeness. In contrast, pathways may be an additional risk factor for older adults experiencing unmet belongingness needs. Research is required to understand fearlessness about death and suicidality among older Nepali adults. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Increasing hope and particularly agency may be associated with a reduction in suicidal ideation among older Nepali adults who experience feelings of being a burden. However, increasing pathways may be associated with an increase in suicidal ideation among those who experience unmet belongingness needs. Research is needed to understand how to accurately assess suicide risk among Nepali older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne McLaren
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
| | - Pralhad Adhikari
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, TriChandra Multiple College, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Edwards N, Walker S, Paddick SM, Prina AM, Chinnasamy M, Reddy N, Mboya IB, Mtei M, Varghese M, Nakkasuja N, Guerra M, Sapkota N, Dotchin C. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in older people in low- and middle- income countries in Africa, Asia and South America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:656-674. [PMID: 36681304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is rapid growth of older people in Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs). The aim of this review was to assess the literature on prevalence of anxiety and depression in this demographic, which to our knowledge, has not yet been conducted. METHODS Databases including Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Scielo and African Journals Online were searched for terms including "mental disorders", "neurotic disorders", "mood disorders" and "anxiety disorders". Studies published between 1990 and 2020 providing data on older people (≥50 years) in LMICs (defined by World Bank Criteria) were included and quality-assessed. Meta-analysis was conducted on a subset of higher-quality studies to derive pooled prevalence estimates of depression. RESULTS One hundred and forty relevant studies were identified, of which thirty-two were included in meta-analysis. One hundred and fifteen studies reported depression prevalence only, 19 reported both depression and anxiety, and six reported anxiety only. In all studies identified, depression prevalence ranged from 0.5 % to 62.7 %, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder prevalence ranged from 0.2 % to 32.2 %. The pooled prevalence of depression on meta-analysis was 10.5 % (95 % CI, 8.9 % - 11.2 %). Reported prevalence rates of depression were significantly different in studies using ICD-10 compared with DSM criteria, and between community and clinical settings. LIMITATIONS The search strategy contained bias towards English language papers and high income country (HIC) publications. There is significant heterogeneity within the meta-analysis. DISCUSSION A wide range of methodologies and clinical criteria are used in prevalence studies of depression and anxiety in older people. Studies using screening tools found higher prevalence rates; clinicians and researchers should ensure diagnosis is made with gold-standard clinical criteria. Meta-analysis data suggest that rates of depression are similar in older people in LMICs compared to HICs but mental healthcare resources are limited, suggesting a large potential treatment gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Edwards
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
| | - S Walker
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - S-M Paddick
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, UK; Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - A M Prina
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Chinnasamy
- Bradford Primary Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - N Reddy
- Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - I B Mboya
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - M Mtei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - M Varghese
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - N Nakkasuja
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M Guerra
- Memory and Depression Centre, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Peru
| | - N Sapkota
- B.P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Eastern Nepal, Nepal
| | - C Dotchin
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Tyne and Wear, UK; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
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Mulugeta A, Azale T, Mirkena Y, Koye S, Nakie G, Kassaye A, Dereje J, Bedewi N, Dechasa DB, Asfaw H. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among older adults in Yirgalem town, Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148881. [PMID: 37065897 PMCID: PMC10090554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a serious mental health issue and the largest contributor to disability worldwide. Elderly people with depression are significantly more likely to experience negative outcomes such as poor physical health, strained social relationships, and decreased quality of life. Studies on geriatric depression are limited in developing nations like Ethiopia. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among older adults in Yirgalem, Southern Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 628 older adults in Yirgalem town from May 15 to June 15, 2022. The study subjects were selected using a multi-stage systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using the 15-item Geriatric depression scale through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were edited, cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi data version 4.6 software and analyzed using STATA version 14. Bivariable and multivariate logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with depression, and statistical significance was declared at a 95% confidence interval with a P-value less than 0.05. Results A total of 620 older adults were included in the study, with a response rate of 97.8%. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults was 51.77% (95% CI: 47.83-55.69). Being a woman (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.56-3141); being of more advanced age: 70-79 years old (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.20-3.07), 80-89 years old (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.27-3.65), 90 and older (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 1.95-7.79); living alone (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.17-3.41); having a chronic illness (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.06-4.46); having anxiety (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 2.25-5.14); and having poor social support (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 2.09-6.04) were statistically associated with depressive symptoms at a P-value of less than 0.05. Conclusion This study found that depression affects more than half of the elderly residents in the study area. More advanced age, being a woman, living alone, having a chronic illness, having anxiety, and having poor social support were all strongly linked to depression. There is a need to integrate counseling and psychiatric services into the community healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiy Mulugeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Abiy Mulugeta,
| | - Telake Azale
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Mirkena
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Selam Koye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abenet Kassaye
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Jerman Dereje
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Neim Bedewi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Deribe Bekele Dechasa
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Aljukic N, Hasanovic M, Pajevic I, Avdibegovic E, Brigic A. Psychiatric Morbidity Among Older Hospitalized Patients. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:275-279. [PMID: 38380283 PMCID: PMC10875944 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.275-279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, life expectancy is increasing, leading to an equal proportion of elderly and young individuals, which carries extensive implications. In Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), the average age at death in 2021 was 77 years, positioning BiH in the middle of the global list of average life expectancy. Current studiesinvestigate whether the prevalence of psychiatric disorders increases or decreases with age, but results are inconsistent regarding the role of age.There is no prior research on mental disorders in the elderly population in BiH. The experience of the previous war in BiH and the post-war complex "transitional period" have been associated with specific challenges to the mental health of this population, inspiring our research topic. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the psychiatric morbidity in hospitalized individuals aged≥55 years. Methods The sample consisted of all patients over age 55 treated at the Department of Psychiatry in Tuzla between January 2018 and December 2020 (N=637), divided into four age categories. Data were obtained from medical records, and for research purposes, a specific questionnaire was constructed. Results The predominant psychiatric morbidity stemmed from the category of affective disorders, most common within the "55-64 years" age group, while organic mental disorders were more prevalent in other age groups.Substance use disorders were present in patients aged "55-64 years", with a sharp decline in their prevalence in older age. Female participants had a significantly higher prevalence of affective, psychotic, neurotic, and stress-related disorders, whereas male participants exhibited an increased prevalence of organic mental and substance use disorders. Conclusion In total sample, the most prevalent diagnoses belong to the category of affective disorders. Female were most frequently diagnosed with affective disorders, whereas organic mental disorders and substance use disorders prevail in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerminka Aljukic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mevludin Hasanovic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Izet Pajevic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Anel Brigic
- Department of Psychiatry, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Adhikari P, McLaren S. Functional Impairment and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults of Rural Nepal: The Moderating Role of Three Sources of Social Support. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:832-843. [PMID: 36880604 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2023.2187732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether social support from family, friends, and significant others moderated the relationship between functional impairment and depressive symptoms among Nepali older adults living in rural areas. METHODS The participants were 147 women (Mage = 66.71, SDage = 5.97) and 153 men (Mage = 67.41, SDage = 6.47) aged 60 years and older who lived in the rural mid-hills of Nepal. They completed the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. RESULTS Only 6.3% participants experienced some degree of functional impairment. Almost half (44.33%) of participants had depressive symptoms. Social support from family and friends, but not significant others, moderated the relationship between functional impairment and depressive symptoms. Social support from family was protective for older adults with moderate to high levels of functional impairment. Social support from friends was protective at no to low levels of functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at increasing social support from family among Nepali older adults living in rural hilly areas may reduce depressive symptoms, particularly among those with high levels of functional impairment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Family support is important to alleviate depressive symptoms among functionally impaired older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pralhad Adhikari
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, TriChandra Multiple College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suzanne McLaren
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia
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Nshimyumuremyi E, Muziki JD, Harerimana E, Uwera T, Nshimiyimana A, Sebatukura SG, Mutabaruka J. Prevalence and Family Determinants of Geriatric Depression Among Elderly People in Elderly Support Groups in Rwanda. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1445-1455. [PMID: 37131955 PMCID: PMC10149077 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s406386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The 1994 Tutsi genocide in Rwanda significantly impacted family structure, with many people growing old alone and lacking social bonds and connections with family members. However, little is known about the contribution of the family environment to geriatric depression which was highlighted by WHO as a psychological problem with a 10% to 20% prevalence rate among the elderly worldwide. This study aims to investigate geriatric depression and associated family determinants among the elderly in Rwanda. Methods With a community-based cross-sectional study design, we assessed geriatric depression (GD), quality-of-life enjoyment and satisfaction (QLES), family support (FS), loneliness, neglect, and attitude toward grief in a convenience sample of 107 participants (M=72.32, SD=8.79) aged between 60 and 95 years who were recruited from three groups of elderly people supported by the NSINDAGIZA organization in Rwanda. SPSS (version 24) was used for statistical data analysis; differences across various sociodemographic variables were tested for significance by an independent t-test; the relationship between study variables was tested by Pearson correlation analysis; and multiple regression analysis was performed to model the contribution of independent variables to dependent variables. Results A total of 64.5% of the elderly scored above the threshold of the normal range of geriatric depression (SDS>49), with higher symptoms in women than in men. Multiple regression analysis indicated that family support and quality-of-life enjoyment and satisfaction were contributors to geriatric depression in the participants. Conclusion Geriatric depression was relatively common in our participants. It is associated with the quality of life and family support received. Hence, adequate family-based interventions are needed to improve the well-being of geriatric people in their respective families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nshimyumuremyi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean d’Amour Muziki
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Tubarerere Mu Muryango (TMM), National Child Development Agency (NCD), Kigali, Rwanda
- Correspondence: Jean d’Amour Muziki, Department of Tubarerere Mu muryango (TMM), National Child Development Agency (NCD), A&P Building, 3rd Floor 18KG Ave Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda, Tel +250788887249, Email
| | - Eugene Harerimana
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thaoussi Uwera
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Augustin Nshimiyimana
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Siméon Gitimbwa Sebatukura
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean Mutabaruka
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine, and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Xu J, Zhang H, Zhang T, Sun J, Shi Q, Liu J, Tian G, Zhang B, Wang H, Wu Q, Kang Z. The "jolly fat" for the middle-aged and older adults in China, was education level considered? J Affect Disord 2022; 317:347-353. [PMID: 36057286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have found a negative association between obesity and depression in Chinese middle-aged and elderly, suggesting the existence of "jolly fat". This study aims to investigate whether "jolly fat" is applicable among middle-aged and elderly with different education levels, and to provide a new perspective for depression screening and obesity interventions in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS 10,018 individuals aged 45 years and over in China Family Panel Study (2018) were selected for analysis. A short version of Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale was used to assess depression. Body mass index was applied to define obesity status. Subgroup analysis of multiple logistic regression was performed to explore whether the relationship between obesity and depression was influenced by education levels. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity and depression was 9.02 % and 22.96 % among participants. Obesity reduced the probability of depression in middle-aged and elderly with primary school education or below (OR = 0.71, 95 % CI = 0.56-0.91) while not affecting those with junior high school education or above (OR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.57-1.13). LIMITATIONS The results cannot be interpreted as causality due to the cross-sectional design. Besides, we cannot directly measure the body composition of the participants. CONCLUSIONS "Jolly fat" existed among middle-aged and elderly with low education, but not in those with junior high school education or above. Health care providers need to monitor the psychological status of low-educated middle-aged and older adults who are seen as needing to lose weight, while the underweight group should be the key target of depression screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Xu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiale Sun
- Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qi Shi
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guomei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bokai Zhang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haixin Wang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Hu T, Zhao X, Wu M, Li Z, Luo L, Yang C, Yang F. Prevalence of depression in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2022; 311:114511. [PMID: 35316691 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mental disorder in older adults, but the prevalence in older adults varies largely across studies due to differences in regional cultures and screening tools. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the global prevalence of depression in older adults. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochran Library databases were searched independently from 2000 to 2021. Subgroups, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were performed to address heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. Forty-eight eligible studies were included in this review. The global prevalence of depression in older adults was 28.4%, with high between-study heterogeneity. The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of depression in older adults is high although it varied with geographic regions, screening tools, sample sizes and representativeness, and study quality. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider appropriate screening tools to estimate the prevalence in different regions of a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Luo
- College of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Fen Yang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Mu TY, Xu RX, Xu JY, Dong D, Zhou ZN, Dai JN, Shen CZ. Association between self-care disability and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266950. [PMID: 35404987 PMCID: PMC9000112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In the context of an increased focus on geriatric depression in recent years, this study examined the associations between different types of self-care disability, the number of self-care disabilities, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. Method The data for this study were extracted from the follow-up survey (conducted in 2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The sample comprised 10808 participants aged 45 years and older. The Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD-10) Scale were used to assess self-care disability and depressive symptoms, respectively. Result The prevalence of depressive symptoms and self-care disability among the surveyed residents was 45.1% and 23.4%, respectively. Overall, there was a significant positive association between self-care disability and depressive symptoms. Participants who reported having a self-care disability in relation dressing, bathing, transferring in and out of bed, using the toilet, and controlling urination and defecation were found to have a significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms. In addition, participants with a greater cumulative quantity of self-care disabilities had a higher risk of depressive symptoms, and higher CESD-10 scores. Conclusion Self-care disability is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. A positive correlation between the number of self-care disabilities and the risk of depressive symptoms was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Mu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Nursing College, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ri-Xiang Xu
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (CZS); (RXX)
| | - Jia-Yi Xu
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Die Dong
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Zhou
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Ning Dai
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cui-Zhen Shen
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (CZS); (RXX)
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Zenebe Y, Akele B, W/Selassie M, Necho M. Prevalence and determinants of depression among old age: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 34922595 PMCID: PMC8684627 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. It is also one of the most common geriatric psychiatric disorders and a major risk factor for disability and mortality in elderly patients. Even though depression is a common mental health problem in the elderly population, it is undiagnosed in half of the cases. Several studies showed different and inconsistent prevalence rates in the world. Hence, this study aimed to fill the above gap by producing an average prevalence of depression and associated factors in old age. OBJECTIVE This study aims to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a precise estimate of the prevalence of depression and its determinants among old age. METHOD A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, Google Scholar, and Psych-info from database inception to January 2020. Moreover, the reference list of selected articles was looked at manually to have further eligible articles. The random-effects model was employed during the analysis. Stata-11 was used to determine the average prevalence of depression among old age. A sub-group analysis and sensitivity analysis were also run. A graphical inspection of the funnel plots and Egger's publication bias plot test were checked for the occurrence of publication bias. RESULT A search of the electronic and manual system resulted in 1263 articles. Nevertheless, after the huge screening, 42 relevant studies were identified, including, for this meta-analysis, n = 57,486 elderly populations. The average expected prevalence of depression among old age was 31.74% (95% CI 27.90, 35.59). In the sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence was higher among developing countries; 40.78% than developed countries; 17.05%), studies utilized Geriatrics Depression Scale-30(GDS-30); 40.60% than studies that used GMS; 18.85%, study instrument, and studies having a lower sample size (40.12%) than studies with the higher sample; 20.19%. CONCLUSION A high prevalence rate of depression among the old population in the world was unraveled. This study can be considered as an early warning and advised health professionals, health policymakers, and other pertinent stakeholders to take effective control measures and periodic care for the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Zenebe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Baye Akele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta W/Selassie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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12
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Fan X, Guo X, Ren Z, Li X, He M, Shi H, Zha S, Qiao S, Zhao H, Li Y, Pu Y, Liu H, Zhang X. The prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:222-228. [PMID: 34217959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors in middle-aged and elderly people in China. METHODS Data were obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2018. We selected 16,767 respondents over the age of 45 as samples for research and analysis. A short version of the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the related factors of depressive symptoms. Back Propagation neural network model was established to examine the ranking of influencing factors of depressive symptoms. RESULTS There was 24.1% prevalence of depressive symptoms among the respondents. The 14 important variables affecting depressive symptoms were screened out with the multivariable logistic regression. Based on the BP neural network to rank the degree of importance, the top five important variables were determined, which were subjective well-being (100.0%), self-reported health (92.0%), life satisfaction (83.4%), ADL disability (74.0%), and marital status (69.7%). LIMITATIONS This study was a cross-sectional study, and causality cannot be determined. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people was high. Subjective quality of life evaluation, health condition and marital status were important factors that have an impact on depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Fan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangrong Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minfu He
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Zha
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyin Qiao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfang Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajiao Pu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Chauhan S, Kumar S, Patel R. Does Living Arrangement Predict Urban–Rural Differential in Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in India? A Study Based on Longitudinal Ageing Study in India Survey. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-021-09348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Linkage of Depression with Elder Abuse among Institutionalized Older Persons in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2021; 2021:5546623. [PMID: 34007844 PMCID: PMC8102113 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5546623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background To identify the association between elderly abuse and depression among elderly living in old age homes of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 5 old age homes of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The Geriatric Mistreatment Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were used to collect information from 220 elderly aged 65 or above, and face-to-face interviews were conducted. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the association between elderly abuse and geriatric depression. Results Among the different types of abuse analyzed, the multivariate analysis showed that neglect (AOR = 2.995; CI: 1.249-7.181) and economical abuse (AOR = 4.728, CI: 1.836-12.173) were significantly associated with increased risk of geriatric depression. Furthermore, the study identified that future saving and absence of chronic disease significantly reduced the risk of psychological abuse, neglect, and geriatric depression. Conclusions Neglect and economical abuse are a predictor of geriatric depression. Efforts should be directed to increase awareness about the different forms of abuse among the primary caregivers of the elderly. Counseling services and support programs should be introduced in old age homes to address the high burden of geriatric depression.
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Assariparambil AR, Noronha JA, Kamath A, Adhikari P, Nayak BS, Shankar R, George A. Depression among older adults: a systematic review of South Asian countries. Psychogeriatrics 2021; 21:201-219. [PMID: 33319427 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The world's population has been evolving rapidly; every country in the world is facing this drastic progression in the number and the percentage of the elderly in their net population. As the chronological age advances, physiological and psychosocial decline will be evident among all older adults. The potentially relevant literature was identified using appropriate search terms in electronic databases such as PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, CINAHL, IndMed, and Google Scholar. Articles published from 2006 to 2019, reported the prevalence and the risk factors for depression among older adults living in the community, old age homes, or hospitals of the South Asian countries. Articles were published in the languages other than English and those reporting the categorised or mean depressive scores were excluded from the review. After quality check for all the retrieved articles from different databases, 120 articles were included for the meta-analysis. The data were extracted based on a validated data extraction form, and the reviewer contacted the authors for clarification of the missing data whenever required. The estimates were pooled using the random effect model for meta-analyses. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses were also performed. The overall pooled estimate (random effect models) of the prevalence of depression among the elderly was 42.0% (95% CI: 0.38-0.46), Chi-squared P-value <0.001, and I2 99.14%. The pooled estimate of the prevalence was higher in the community settings than the old age homes (44.0%; 95% CI: 39.0-49.0 vs. 42.0%; 95% CI: 34.0-49.0). Depression is a common problem among the elderly population and the pooled estimate of depression would give directions to the healthcare providers, policymakers, and future researchers to plan some measures (either pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions) to effectively tackle the burden of geriatric depression in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil R Assariparambil
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India.,Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | | | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, PSPH, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Prabha Adhikari
- Department of Medicine, Yenapoya Medical College, Mangaluru, India
| | - Baby S Nayak
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India.,Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Department of Data Science, PSPH, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Anice George
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India
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16
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Mistry SK, Ali ARMM, Hossain MB, Yadav UN, Ghimire S, Rahman MA, Irfan NM, Huque R. Exploring depressive symptoms and its associates among Bangladeshi older adults amid COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1487-1497. [PMID: 33661353 PMCID: PMC7930102 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression, one of the most common mental disorders, is up-surging worldwide amid the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially among the older population. This study aims to measure prevalent depressive symptoms and its associates among older adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1032 older Bangladeshi adults, aged 60 years and above, through telephone interviews in October 2020. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on participants' socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics, pre-existing medical conditions, and COVID-19-related information. Meanwhile, depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with depressive symptoms. RESULTS Two-in-five participants showed depressive symptoms on the GDS-15 scale. Poor socioeconomic characteristic such as low family income, dependency on the family for living, recipient of financial support during the pandemic was associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. Participants with pre-existing medical conditions had 91% higher odds of depressive symptoms. Social isolation, captured in terms of living alone (aOR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.11-4.01), less frequent communication during pandemic (aOR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.07-2.26), perceived loneliness (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.47-3.45), and isolation from others (aOR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.62-3.70) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our study found a sizeable proportion of study participants with depressive symptoms amidst the ongoing pandemic. The findings of the present study call for the urgent need for mental health support package targeting this vulnerable group of population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuj Kanti Mistry
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. .,BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - A. R. M. Mehrab Ali
- ARCED Foundation, 13/1, Pallabi, Mirpur-12, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,Innovations for Poverty Action, New Haven, USA
| | - Md. Belal Hossain
- BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh ,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Uday Narayan Yadav
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,Center for Research, Policy and Implementation, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - Saruna Ghimire
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH USA
| | | | - Nafis Md. Irfan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Rumana Huque
- ARK Foundation, Gulshan, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Shrestha R, Shrestha AP, Shrestha A, Kamholz B. Unrecognized geriatric depression in the emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in Nepal: prevalence, contributing factors, and metric properties of 5 item geriatric depression scale in this population. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:533. [PMID: 33176730 PMCID: PMC7656752 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is prevalent but poorly recognized in the Emergency Department (ED). We aimed to identify the frequency of unrecognized geriatric depression and its possible determinants in the ED using the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS). We also aimed to explore the performance of the shorter, five-item GDS as compared to the 15-item GDS. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of the ED patients ≥ 60 years. The previously validated Nepali version of GDS-15 screened the sample into "no", "mild-moderate" and "severe" depression using cutoff values of 4/5, and 8/9 respectively. Demographic and socioeconomic factors, comorbidities and health seeking behaviors were studied and the relation was assessed with binary (Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis test) and multinomial regression analysis. The performance of GDS-5 was compared with the GDS-15 as standard. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to investigate reliability. Validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Spearman's correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve, and kappa coefficient. RESULTS Two hundred eighty patients were enrolled with an overall prevalence of unrecognized depression of 45.7% [104 (81.3%) mild-moderate depression, and 24 (18.8%) severe depression]. The mean age of the sample was 71.36 with female predominance (61%), and 82.5% were illiterate. In the binary analysis, those who had more pain, visited the ED more often, had musculoskeletal diseases and sleep problems, mobility problems, visited local healers previously, and who reported self-perceived "heart and mind" disease showed statistically significant differences among the three categories. In multinomial regression analysis, visits to local healers, sleep problems and frequency of pain were significantly related to depression. The sensitivity, specificity, area under curve and Spearman's correlation of GDS-5 were 75.8%, 96%, 0.919, and 0.827 respectively. Cronbach's alpha for GDS-5 was low (0.416), therefore a new version was proposed which improved the sensitivity to 90.6% and Cronbach's alpha to 0.623. CONCLUSIONS Unrecognized geriatric depression was highly prevalent which urges the need for ED-based interventions for screening and referral. The proposed brief GDS-5 correlated well with the GDS-15 with better validity and internal reliability and offers a more expeditious form of screening for geriatric depression in emergency settings in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Shrestha
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - Anmol Purna Shrestha
- Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Abha Shrestha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Barbara Kamholz
- Volunteer Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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18
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Thapa DK, Visentin DC, Kornhaber R, Cleary M. Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among older adults: A cross-sectional population-based study. Nurs Health Sci 2020; 22:1139-1152. [PMID: 33026688 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite population aging and the increase in mental health problems, studies on the mental health of older people in developing countries are lacking. This population-based cross-sectional study estimated the prevalence and associated factors for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among older adults in Nepal. Community-dwelling older adults (N = 794) were interviewed using a questionnaire which consisted of the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; and a wide range of sociodemographic, health-related, and lifestyle characteristics; functional ability, social support, participation in social activities, and adverse life events. The prevalence of symptoms was 15.4% for depression, 18.1% for anxiety, and 12.1% for stress. Risk factors for symptoms included female gender, working in agriculture, lower household wealth, perceived poor health, smoking, chronic conditions, migration of adult children, and exposure to adverse life events. Receiving an allowance, physical exercise, functional ability, social support, and participation in social activities were found to have protective effects. The findings indicate the need for community-based interventions, including appropriate diagnosis and treatment of mental health conditions, and mental health promotion programs targeting the risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra K Thapa
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Denis C Visentin
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Kornhaber
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
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Quality of life and its predictors among aging people in urban and rural Nepal. Qual Life Res 2020; 29:3201-3212. [PMID: 32725374 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the quality of life (QoL) of the elderly in Nepal and their special needs. Nepal is a low- and middle-income country where the elderly population is growing significantly. METHODS A random selection of informants from the Kavre district was carried out in this cross-sectional, population-based, door-to-door survey. The district has a mixture of urban and rural communities. In Nepal, families generally take care of their elderly. Hardly any placement is made in institutions. A validated Nepali version of World Health Organization Quality of Life 8-question scale (WHOQoL-8) estimated QoL among the elderly (≥ 60 years; N = 439). Other variables of interest were socio-demographics, substance use, physical and psychological health, and family support. Depression was measured by Geriatric Depression Scale short form [GDS-15]. Due to a high illiteracy rate, a structured and culturally adapted questionnaire was presented in an interview format. The relationships between the variables and QoL were analyzed using independent sample t tests, linear regression and Pearson's correlations. RESULTS The mean QoL score was 25.7 (± 4.2); 49.2% rated their QoL as good. Positive predictors of QoL were: urban residence (p = 0.03); employment (p = 0.02); absence of chronic physical health problems (p = 0.02); absence of depression (p < 0.001); adequate time given by family (p = 0.001), and reports of non-abusive family relationships (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between geriatric depression and the QoL score (r = - 0.697; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION QoL of the elderly in Nepal may potentially improve by care directed towards their physical and psychological health, by strengthening family relations, and by financial independence.
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Khattri JB, Godar ST, Subedi A, Tirkey S. Psychiatric Morbidities of Elderly Out-patients Attending Various Outreach Clinics in Gandaki Province of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020; 58:318-323. [PMID: 32538926 PMCID: PMC7654465 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dramatic growth of the aging population resulted in an increased number of mental disorders and such data are limited in Nepal. The objective is to find out the psychiatric morbidities of elderly out-patients attending Baglung, Kusma, Walling, and Dumre out-reach clinics in Gandaki Province of Nepal. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 392 patients attending out-reach clinics of Baglung, Kusma, Walling, and Dumre of Gandaki Province for one year with the convenient sampling method. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara. The diagnosis was done according to the International Classification of Disease-10 guidelines. Epi-info 7 was used and point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data and the analysis was done. Results: The prevalence of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders 145 (37.0%) was maximum followed by mood disorders 111 (28.3%). Maximum cases were in between 66 and 75 years, Brahmin and Chhetri caste, females, married, and from an extended nuclear family. There is more prevalence of female gender in all psychiatric diagnoses except in mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use. There is more prevalence of age groups of patients less than or equal to 75 years in all the psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusions: Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders were the most common diagnosis. The risk of development of certain disorders based on gender and age group of the patients would be helpful for case identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Bahadur Khattri
- Department of Psychiatry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Srijana Thapa Godar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Anil Subedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Shweta Tirkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Naveen KHS, Goel AD, Dwivedi S, Hassan MA. Adding life to years: Role of gender and social and family engagement in geriatric depression in rural areas of Northern India. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:721-728. [PMID: 32318409 PMCID: PMC7113954 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1019_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression among elderly population is a major public health issue affecting nearly 5% to 7% of the world's elderly. In the coming years, a major share will be contributed by developing countries like India. In the rural areas of Allahabad district of Uttar Pradesh, there is scarce data on the depression. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Allahabad. A total of 411 elderly persons were selected from 2 blocks—Jasra and Bahadurpur—through multistage random sampling method. Short form of geriatric depression scale (GDS) was used to assess depression. Results: The prevalence of depression among elderly was 19.7%. On binary logistic regression, depression had significant association with female sex [aOR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.1], having less-than-good relationship with family members [aOR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0], not being cared for during illness by family members [aOR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.2-12.9], not being involved in leisure time activities [aOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3–4.9], and not regularly meeting relatives and friends [aOR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.9–11.6]. Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in elderly was high in rural areas of Allahabad. Female sex and social and family engagement are the important predictors of depression among them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akhil Dhanesh Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shraddha Dwivedi
- Department of Community Medicine, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, India
| | - Mohd Amirul Hassan
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ambedkarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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