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Yan H, Li G, Zhang X, Zhang C, Li M, Qiu Y, Sun W, Dong Y, Li S, Li J. Targeted metabolomics-based understanding of the sleep disturbances in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:355. [PMID: 38741058 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances are a common occurrence in patients with schizophrenia, yet the underlying pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we performed a targeted metabolomics-based approach to explore the potential biological mechanisms contributing to sleep disturbances in schizophrenia. METHODS Plasma samples from 59 drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) targeted metabolomics analysis, allowing for the quantification and profiling of 271 metabolites. Sleep quality and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), respectively. Partial correlation analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model were used to identify metabolites specifically associated with sleep disturbances in drug-naïve schizophrenia. RESULTS 16 characteristic metabolites were observed significantly associated with sleep disturbances in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the glycerophospholipid metabolism (Impact: 0.138, p<0.001), the butanoate metabolism (Impact: 0.032, p=0.008), and the sphingolipid metabolism (Impact: 0.270, p=0.104) were identified as metabolic pathways associated with sleep disturbances in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified 16 characteristic metabolites (mainly lipids) and 3 metabolic pathways related to sleep disturbances in drug-naïve schizophrenia. The detection of these distinct metabolites provide valuable insights into the underlying biological mechanisms associated with sleep disturbances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Yan
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Gang Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, NO.18 Gongger Street, Hongshan District, Chifeng City, 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
- Chifeng Anding Hospital, NO.18 Gongger Street, Hongshan District, Chifeng City, 024000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chuhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Meijuan Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yuying Qiu
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yeqing Dong
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Shen Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Rd., Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Ferrarelli F. Sleep spindles as neurophysiological biomarkers of schizophrenia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1907-1917. [PMID: 37885306 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a wide range of clinical symptoms, including disrupted sleep. In recent years, there has been growing interest in assessing alterations in sleep parameters in patients with SCZ. Sleep spindles are brief (0.5-2 s) bursts of 12- to 16-Hz rhythmic electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory activity occurring during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Spindles have been implicated in several critical brain functions, including learning, memory and plasticity, and are thought to reflect the integrity of underlying thalamocortical circuits. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research investigating sleep spindles in SCZ. After briefly describing the neurophysiological features of sleep spindles, I will discuss alterations in spindle characteristics observed in SCZ, their associations with the clinical symptomatology of these patients and their putative underlying neuronal and molecular mechanisms. I will then discuss the utility of sleep spindle measures as predictors of treatment response and disease progression. Finally, I will highlight future directions for research in this emerging field, including the prospect of utilizing sleep spindles as neurophysiological biomarkers of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Boiko DI, Chopra H, Bilal M, Kydon PV, Herasymenko LO, Rud VO, Bodnar LA, Vasylyeva GY, Isakov RI, Zhyvotovska LV, Mehta A, Skrypnikov AM. Schizophrenia and disruption of circadian rhythms: An overview of genetic, metabolic and clinical signs. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:58-70. [PMID: 38101179 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A molecular clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus, which is entrained by the dark-light cycle and controls the sleep-wake cycle, regulates circadian rhythms. The risk of developing mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, has long been linked to sleep abnormalities. Additionally, a common aspect of mental disorders is sleep disturbance, which has a direct impact on the intensity of the symptoms and the quality of life of the patient. This relationship can be explained by gene alterations such as CLOCK in schizophrenia which are also important components of the physiological circadian rhythm. The function of dopamine and adenosine in circadian rhythm should also be noted, as these hypotheses are considered to be the most popular theories explaining schizophrenia pathogenesis. Therefore, determining the presence of a causal link between the two can be key to identifying new potential targets in schizophrenia therapy, which can open new avenues for clinical research as well as psychiatric care. We review circadian disruption in schizophrenia at the genetic, metabolic, and clinical levels. We summarize data about clock and clock-controlled genes' alterations, neurotransmitter systems' impairments, and association with chronotype in schizophrenia patients. Our findings demonstrate that in schizophrenia either homeostatic or circadian processes of sleep regulation are disturbed. Also, we found an insufficient number of studies aimed at studying the relationship between known biological phenomena of circadian disorders and clinical signs of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro I Boiko
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine.
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Pharmacy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Pavlo V Kydon
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Larysa O Herasymenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Vadym O Rud
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Lesia A Bodnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Ganna Yu Vasylyeva
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Rustam I Isakov
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Liliia V Zhyvotovska
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Aashna Mehta
- University of Debrecen, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrii M Skrypnikov
- Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Medical Psychology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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