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Shokravi M, Khani-Varzgan F, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Erfanparast L, Shokrvash B. The Impact of Child Dental Caries and the Associated Factors on Child and Family Quality of Life. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4335796. [PMID: 37547815 PMCID: PMC10404155 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4335796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries are considered as common health hazards and a serious lifelong threat to general health and quality of life. The present study aimed at identifying the impact of child dental caries and the associated factors on both child and family quality of life (QoL). Material and Methods. In this cross-sectional study, preschool children were selected randomly through clustered sampling from five educational districts in Tabriz, Iran, 2016. To assess the QoL related to oral health, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was used. Clinical oral examination was performed to assess the presence of caries through the index of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft). Descriptive and analytic statistical methods were used. To assess the underlying predictors of ECOHIS as a whole scale and the dimensions as a linear regression model were used as univariate and multivariate. Results : Out of 756 children under 7 years old, 51.5% boys, mean (M) standard deviation (SD) of age 5.76 (0.78). About 85% of children had dental caries. The predictors of suboptimal ECOHIS related to both general and child dimensions were child age 6 year and above: r (756) = 2.43, and P ≤ 0.001, low-socioeconomic status: r (756) = 3.36 and P < 0.001 and high dmft: r (756) = 9.10 and P < 0.001. The predictors of suboptimal ECOHIS related to family domain were sex (girl): r (756) = 0.39 and P = 0.047; mother education (under12): r (756) = -0.92 and P < 0.001; mother job (employed) as univariate: r (756) = 0.71 and P = 0.002); and dmft: r (756) = -0.58 and P = 0.035. Conclusion Adverse oral health of children imposes adverse effects on the QoL of children and families. Children's age, family socioeconomic level, presence of dental caries, child's gender, and mother's educational level were associated with the impact on QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Shokravi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
- Dental caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University Of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khani-Varzgan
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, VIC 3144, Australia
- Biostatistics Unit, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Erfanparast
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behjat Shokrvash
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
- Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Asiyabi Aghdam S, Hajipour N, Moosavy M. Use of PCR to determine Toxoplasma gondii in milk samples from camels (Camelus dromedarius), cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) in East Azarbaijan province, Iran. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:400-404. [PMID: 36538001 PMCID: PMC9856990 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis as a zoonotic condition is developed by an intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii from the Apicomplexa phylum, which imposes economic losses on herds of animals and severe complications in immunocompromised people and pregnant women. This infectious disease can be transmitted to human beings from the contaminated unpasteurized milk, uncooked meat, water and food contaminated with sporulated oocysts and transplacental transmission. OBJECTIVES This study amid to determine T. gondii DNA in camel, buffalo and cow milks in using the PCR method based on the B1 gene. METHODS A total of 100 milk samples, including 55 cows, 30 buffalos and 15 camels, were collected from different regions of north-western using direct milking and then transferred to the Food and Aquatic Health Laboratory under refrigerated conditions. RESULTS The results showed that out of 100 milk samples examined, 5 samples (5%) were contaminated, and T. gondii DNA was detected in the milk samples of 2 (3.63%) cows, 1 (3.33%) buffalos and 2 (13.33%) camels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that raw milk contaminated with T. gondii can be an important route of transmission of infection for human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Asiyabi Aghdam
- Department of Food Hygiene and AquaticFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
| | - Nasser Hajipour
- Department of Food Hygiene and AquaticFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran,Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
| | - Mir‐Hassan Moosavy
- Department of Food Hygiene and AquaticFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran
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The Magnitude of Salt Intake Behaviors and Its Predictors among Saqez Urban Population of Kurdistan District in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:8439517. [PMID: 35198241 PMCID: PMC8860568 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8439517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling and reducing salt intake are one of the solutions to overcome hypertension. This study aimed at determining the predictors related to salt control methods in Saqez urban population. Methods and Materials In the present cross-sectional study, the sample population was randomly selected through cluster sampling. Data collection was performed using valid questionnaires, demographic, family economic status, knowledge, perception, intention, salt intake behaviors, and salt control methods, along with measuring body mass index (BMI) and hypertension levels. Descriptive, analytical statistical methods and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the predictors of desirable salt control methods. The variables of sex, age, family economic status, knowledge, perception, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and intention were analyzed as independent variables. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 at a significance level of 0.05. Results Out of 766 participants, 73% were women, with mean (M) 32.83, standard deviation (SD) 9.52 years, and 77.2% were married. There were significant sex differences in employment (P=0.01) and economic status (P=0.016). The M (SD) of blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) was 110.65 (0.0212) (P=0.441). The salt intake control methods between men and women did not show significant differences (P=0.368). Among totally 88.5%, 87.7% men and 88.9% women followed desirable behaviors. The predictors that determine the adoption of salt control methods were sex (man) (OR = 0.71, 95% CI (0.38–1.29)), age (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = (0.99–1.05)), SES/FAS (medium, high level) (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = (0.754–2.47); OR = 0.46, 95% CI = (0.047–4.55)), blood pressure (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = (0.16–11.23)), knowledge (have) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = (0.39–1.63)), intent to reduce salt (OR = 1.047, 95% CI = (1.03–1.06)), perceived salt reduction importance (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = (1.01–1.04)), perceived emotional support (health staff) (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = (1.01–1.04)), media (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.99–1.02), perceived practical support (spouse) (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.99–1.04)), and perceived self-efficacy (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = (0.99–1.03)). Conclusion The support of health staff and spouse seems to be effective in controlling the salt intake behaviors of healthy individuals. In parallel with the development and change of people's lifestyles, new approaches (legal and services) for salt control based on the support of media and social media were expected.
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ARIYANFAR S, RAZEGHI JAHROMI S, REZAEIMANESH N, TOGHA M, GHORBANI Z, KHADEM E, NOORMOHAMMADI M, TORKAN Z. The association between dairy intake and migraine odds among pediatrics and adolescents: A case-control study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2022; 16:105-122. [PMID: 35222662 PMCID: PMC8753001 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i4.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migraine is recognized as a disease with unknown etiology and various pathophysiologic pathways which are not fully understood. Due to the relation between dairy intake and various chronic conditions in children and also the paucity of data on the probable role of dairy intake on pediatrics' odds of having migraine, this study was designed. MATERIALS & METHODS The present study was a population-based case-control design that was accomplished in a tertiary headache clinic.290 child (aged from7 to 14 years old) was included in this study. A definite diagnosis of migraine was performed by a neurologist; concerning the 2018 international classification of headache disorder 3 (ICHD3) criteria. Also, demographic and anthropometric characteristics were obtained. In addition, the usual dietary intake of participants was evaluated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS Those children in the case group significantly had higher age and BMI means (P.value:0.000). In the second regression model, odds of migraine were 48% (OR: 0.52; 95%CI:0.27-1.00) diminished in the second tertile and 53% (OR:0.47;95%CI:0.24-0.92) in the third tertile of low-fat dairy intake (P-trend:0.03). In the fully adjusted model, the achieved migraine ORs were as followings:0.48 (95% CI:0.240.95) in the second tertile and 0.46 (95% CI:0.21-0.96) in the third tertile (P-trend:0.04), respectively. Children with more high-fat dairy intake also consumed higher amounts of energy, pastries, simple sugar, unhealthy snacks, and hydrogenated oil (P<0.05). CONCLUSION This study results proposed that a greater amount of low-fat dairy intake may attenuate the odds of having migraine attacks in pediatrics and adolescents who might be at risk of headache, which can be attributed to the micronutrient and also to the bioactive content of these dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi ARIYANFAR
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Headache Department, Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh RAZEGHI JAHROMI
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim REZAEIMANESH
- Headache Department, Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Multiple sclerosis Research Centre, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh TOGHA
- Headache Department, Iranian Centre of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab GHORBANI
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Centre, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ebrahim KHADEM
- Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morvarid NOORMOHAMMADI
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra TORKAN
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Consumption of milk and dairy products in Iranian population; barriers and facilitators. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ragelienė T. Do children favor snacks and dislike vegetables? Exploring children's food preferences using drawing as a projective technique. A cross-cultural study. Appetite 2021; 165:105276. [PMID: 33971287 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To avoid the rising spread of childhood obesity and preserve resources within planetary boundaries, healthy and sustainable eating habits and the consumption of adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables should be encouraged. Children's food preference was found to be an important determinant for food choice and consumption. The aim of this study was to explore children's food preferences using drawing as a projective technique in terms of healthy and sustainable eating and compare food preference patterns in Denmark and Lithuania. METHOD In total 484 children, aged between 8 and 13 years old, participated in the study (147 in Denmark and 337 in Lithuania). Participants were asked to fill the food preference questionnaire and answer questions about their daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and snacks and draw their favorite meal afterward. Sociodemographic questions about children's age, gender, parents' employment, and family composition were also included in the questionnaire. RESULTS Fruits, vegetables, highly-processed and animal-based foods were not included in a large part of children's most preferred meal composition. Favorite meals' composition varied among children in both countries and included different products from separate food groups. Vegetables were more likely to be present in the children's favorite meals together with meat products. Girls in both countries had more expressed vegetable preferences than boys. Boys in Lithuania had a relatively more expressed preference for highly-processed foods, while Danish girls had a more expressed preference for animal-based products. CONCLUSIONS Children's preferences for foods such as meat and animal-based products expressed in children's drawings, might be considered as relatively positive in terms of sustainable eating. However, children's preferences and intake of fruits and vegetables should still be encouraged among young consumers. Cultural and gender differences in children's food preferences should be considered while creating interventions and marketing strategies for promoting healthy and sustainable eating among young consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tija Ragelienė
- Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, Department of Management, Fuglesangs Allé 4, Building 2623, D205, 8210, Aarhus V, Denmark.
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The Effects of Empowerment Education on Daily Dairy Intake in Community-Dwelling of Older Asian Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094659. [PMID: 33925699 PMCID: PMC8124786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A scarcity in the intake of dairy products in older women begets a wide range of musculoskeletal problems, especially osteoporosis. However, dairy products are often not consumed in sufficient quantities in Eastern societies. This study used empowerment education to improve daily dairy intake in 68 older Asian women in the community through a quasi-experimental study design. The 34 participants in the experimental group took part in empowerment education programs that included lectures, sharing sessions, situation dramas, and cooking activities, for two hours per week for 6 weeks. The 34 participants in the control group had no interventions. The generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness. The test was conducted for the two groups at 1 and 12 weeks after the completion of the lessons. We used daily dairy intake self-efficacy, intention, and behavior scale to measure the outcome. The change in the experimental group’s daily dairy intake self-efficacy and intention score at post-1 week and post-12 weeks was higher compared to the control group, but the dairy intake behavior was only changed at post-12 weeks. The empowerment education was effective in encouraging older women to change their dairy intake behavior and improved their dairy intake self-efficacy and intentions.
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Al-Jawaldeh A, Taktouk M, Nasreddine L. Food Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Intakes of Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Call for Policy Action. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3345. [PMID: 33143163 PMCID: PMC7693485 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) has witnessed significant social and economic changes that may have influenced the diet of children and adolescents, and increased the risk for obesity and malnutrition in this age group. This review aims to characterize and assess food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes amongst school-aged children (5-10 years) and adolescents (10-19 years) in countries of the EMR. Electronic databases (MedLine, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles published between 2005 and 2020; international organizations and governmental websites were also searched. Available studies documented low intakes of fruits, vegetables and fiber, inadequate consumption of water, milk and dairy products, coupled with high intakes of fat, saturated fat, and sugar sweetened beverages, as well as a frequent consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor foods such as sweet and savory snacks. Micronutrient inadequacies were also observed, particularly for calcium, iron, zinc and vitamins A, D, C, and folate. Acknowledging the impact that nutrition may have on building societies and transforming the lives of children, adolescents and their families, there is a crucial need for a food system approach in developing and implementing national and regional policies and interventions aimed at improving the diet of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Cairo 7608, Egypt;
| | - Mandy Taktouk
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
| | - Lara Nasreddine
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon;
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Community-based interventions to increase dairy intake in healthy populations: a systematic review. Public Health Rev 2020; 41:18. [PMID: 32774990 PMCID: PMC7401205 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the low frequency of dairy intake in the population, interventions aiming to increase its consumption can be a priority for any health system. Objective This study aims to summarize community-based interventions for improving dairy consumption and their effectiveness to help policy-makers in designing coherent public health strategies. Methods This study was conducted in 2019, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies, and the outcomes of interest were extracted. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Results Out of 521 initially identified articles, 25 studies were included. Interventions reported in 19 studies were effective in increasing dairy consumption. Interventions in high-income countries were more effective than those in middle- and low-income countries. Interventions in health centers and supermarkets were more effective than the community and school-level interventions. Interventions in supermarkets and adolescents as target groups were more effective than children, middle-aged people, and the elderly. Also, educational interventions and changing buying/selling pattern were more effective than multiple interventions. Interventions longer than 24 and 48 weeks were more effective than shorter interventions. Conclusion Three policy options including educational interventions, multiple interventions, and changing the purchase pattern are suggested. It seems that applying all of the interventions together can be more effective. Also, long-term and well-designed future studies in different settings are recommended to confirm these results.
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Heizomi H, Iraji Z, Vaezi R, Bhalla D, Morisky DE, Nadrian H. Gender Differences in the Associations Between Health Literacy and Medication Adherence in Hypertension: A Population-Based Survey in Heris County, Iran. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:157-166. [PMID: 32368074 PMCID: PMC7186197 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s245052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined the gender-based associations of health literacy (HL) with self-reported medication adherence (MEDA) among patients with primary hypertension (pHTN). Patients and Methods The subjects were recruited from the general population through all health centers of the Heris county, east Azarbaijan. They were to be adults (30+ years age), with pHTN of any stage, of any gender, and without comorbid illness. All underwent detailed face-to-face interview. We used valid questionnaires for HL and MEDA. Hierarchical regression was done to establish the association between MEDA, socio-demographic variables, and nine HL domains by gender. Other statistical procedures were also done. Results A total of 300 (48.6% males, mean age: 56.7±9.3) subjects participated; 43.0% were uneducated, 73.0% had moderate socioeconomic status, 68.0% had poor HL, and 7.0% maintained high adherence. Men were better in reading skills (p=0.002), and accessing (p=0.01) and using (p=0.02) health information, but women were better in health knowledge (p=0.004). The average regression estimate (±standard deviation) between HL and MEDA was 0.37±0.09, lower among men (0.361±0.11) than women (0.396±0.08), p=0.003. Upon hierarchical regression, the association between HL and MEDA was significant for communication and decision-making skills alone among both men (34.5%) and women (40.6%), individually. Conclusion HL had substantial association with MEDA among those with HTN, for both men and women, particularly the communication and decision-making. With considerations on gender differences, this association should be confirmed through interventional studies to help make HL a formal mitigating strategy for MEDA and other public health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Heizomi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Iraji
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rogayeh Vaezi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Devender Bhalla
- Pôle Universitaire Euclide, Intergovernmental UN Treaty 49006/49007®, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Iranian Epilepsy Association®, Tehran, Iran.,Nepal Interest Group of Epilepsy and Neurology (NiGEN), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Donald E Morisky
- Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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The Predictors of High Dietary Salt Intake among Hypertensive Patients in Iran. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:6748696. [PMID: 32328301 PMCID: PMC7168708 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6748696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension and its complications are among the major health problems all over the world, particularly in developing countries. The aims of this study were to show that, weather the hypertensive patients follow the expertise recommendations and differences between men and women in their levels of knowledge and behavior in salt taking. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted among all hypertensive patients in rural health centers of Tabriz, Iran, in Feb-May; 2016. Data were collected by an interviewer-administrated questionnaire, along with anthropometric, blood pressure, and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion measurements. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compute adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results In all 205 patients, 62.9% female, 40.5% aged over 60 years, and 53.7% with low or moderate socioeconomic status, 49.3% body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m2 and above, 10.2% of the patients had systolic/diastolic equal and above (≥) 40/90 mmHg, participated in the study. In total, 16.6% were aware of the daily salt allowance for healthy people with sex difference (P < 0.001). Significant predictors of adding salt beyond the dietary recommendations in food preparation were occupation (unemployed) (OR = 4.05, 95% CI = 1.041-15.78, (P = 0.044)) and blood pressure level (systolic/diastolic ≥140/90) (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.28-5.96 (P = 0.010)), while adding salt at the table correlated with sex (men) (OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.21-16.57 (P = 0.025)), age (54-59) (OR = 0.05 95% CI = 0.01-0.39, (P = 0.005)), and knowledge (general) (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.99-1.13 (P = 0.05)). Conclusion The different pattern of salt intake was observed between men and women. In general, the amount of salt taken by hypertensive patients is higher than recommended allowances. Both men and women add extra amount of salt to food, women when preparing food and men at the table. Salt intake level both during preparing and eating food may be associated with occupation (unemployed), blood pressure level (systolic/diastolic ≥140/90), sex (men), age (54-59), and also patient knowledge (general).
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Azabdaftari F, Jafarpour P, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Shokrvash B, Reyhani P. Unrestricted prevalence of sedentary behaviors from early childhood. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:255. [PMID: 32075605 PMCID: PMC7031917 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light and sedentary behaviors impose heavy challenges on societies. The objectives of this study are to identify child sedentary behaviors, and to examine the relationship between parent knowledge and behavioral style on children’s sedentary time in Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was done among children and their parents selected randomly using multi-stage method, from 12 urban districts in Tabriz, Iran;2017. Data were collected through designing a multi-sectional questionnaire adopted from the Bjelland and previous studies to assess the time spent on sedentary behaviors among children/adolescents along with parent knowledge and behavioral style. Results From 480 children/adolescents and their parents 54.6% came from middle class families, and 55.62% were boys aged 2 to18. The percentage of time spent more than 120 min per day (min/d) on weekdays was for watching television (TV): (girls 24.4%, boys 21.0%), for playing computer and video games: (girls 38.7%, boys 54.7%), for electronic media communication (EMC): (girls 52.8%, boys 60.2%). The associated factors for watching TV: child age [12 years and above OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.53–3.54], parent knowledge [OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.35–0.99], and communicative styles [OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.11–1.86], and for playing computer and EMC: child age [5 years old and above OR = 4.83,95% CI =1.52–15.38, 12 years old and above OR = 13.76, 95% CI= 4.22–24.91], family socio-economic status [middle class OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.54–4.11, high class OR = 5.53, 95%CI = 1.80–15.89]. Conclusion There is an urgent need to combat the unrestricted prevalence of sedentary behaviors among Iranian children/ adolescents who use computers and other electronic devices more than the recommended time every day from early childhood. Parents should be provided with appropriate information about adverse effects of using electronic devices longer than recommended time by children. It is also essential to teach them beneficial communicative styles to monitor their children’s sedentary behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Azabdaftari
- Basic Sciences Department, Paramedical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, University Campus, Danshgah Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Jafarpour
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- RoadTrafc Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behjat Shokrvash
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran. .,Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Parvin Reyhani
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
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Khani-Varzegani F, Erfanparast L, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Shokravi M, Azabdaftari F, Parto M, Shokrvash B. Early occurrence of childhood dental caries among low literate families. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:366. [PMID: 28768526 PMCID: PMC5541691 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the oral health status and influencing factors in preschool children in Tabriz, Iran. A total of 756 children from 20% of the total district preschools were selected using a two-step random sampling procedure. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic and socio-economic data. Oral exams were conducted by a single pediatric dentist to assess the children's oral health, and to determine the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) according to the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of caries. RESULTS Out of 756 preschool children, 51.5% boys with mean age of years 5.76 (SD = 0.78) were enrolled. The median (25th-75th Pertcentile) of dmft index in boys and girls was 4 (2-9) and 5 (2-8), respectively. Only 15.1% children had decay-free teeth. The results of univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between dmft index and child age (P < 0.001), mother's years of education (P = 0.001), mother's employment status (P < 0.001), and family socio-economic status (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, statistical significance was found in sex (P = 0.007), age groups except for 5 years (P = 0.210), mother's education status (P < 0.001) as well as in families with intermediate (P = 0.024), and high (P = 0.072) socio-economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khani-Varzegani
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Erfanparast
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Shokravi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Fariba Azabdaftari
- Basic Sciences Department, Paramedical School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, University Campus, Danshgah Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Parto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behjat Shokrvash
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz, Iran.
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Rahnama H, Rajabpour S. Factors for consumer choice of dairy products in Iran. Appetite 2017; 111:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Nikooyeh B, Neyestani TR, Zahedirad M, Mohammadi M, Hosseini SH, Abdollahi Z, Salehi F, Mirzay Razaz J, Shariatzadeh N, Kalayi A, Lotfollahi N, Maleki MR. Vitamin D-Fortified Bread Is as Effective as Supplement in Improving Vitamin D Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2511-9. [PMID: 27115063 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bread can potentially be a suitable vehicle for fortification with vitamin D. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the following: 1) the bioavailability of vitamin D from the fortified Iranian bread and 2) the possible effects of daily consumption of the fortified bread on certain health aspects. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted over 8 weeks in 90 healthy subjects aged 20-60 years. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups: 1) fortified bread (FP; 50 g bread fortified with 25 μg vitamin D3 plus placebo daily; n = 30); 2) supplement (SP; 50 g plain bread plus 25 μg vitamin D supplement daily; n = 30); and 3) control (CP; 50 g plain bread plus placebo daily; n = 30). OUTCOME MEASURES Initial and final anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed. RESULTS The within-group changes of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were 39.0 ± 22.6 (P < .001), 28.9 ± 31.2 (P < .001), and -9.2 ± 12.3 nmol/L in the FP, SP, and CP groups, respectively. Only in FP and SP groups, serum intact PTH concentrations decreased approximately 13.5% and 14.5%, respectively. Visceral fat also showed a significant decrement in FP (-1.05% ± 1.4%; P ≤ .001) and SP (-0.96% ± 1.7%; P = .006). Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration showed a within-group reduction in FP (-10.4 ± 11.2 mg/dL; P < .001) and an insignificant decrement in SP (-6.6 ± 20.2 mg/dL; P = .083). Serum high-density lipoprotein increased in both vitamin D-supplemented groups (FP: 9.7 ± 7.6 vs SP: 5.7 ± 6.7 mg/dL; P < .001). CONCLUSION Vitamin D-fortified bread could be potentially effective in raising circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of the population to nearly adequate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nikooyeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Maliheh Zahedirad
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - S Hedayat Hosseini
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdollahi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Foroozan Salehi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Jalaledin Mirzay Razaz
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Nastaran Shariatzadeh
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Ali Kalayi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Neda Lotfollahi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Maleki
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research (B.N., T.R.N., M.Z., N.S., A.K., N.L., M.-R.M.) and Departments of Food Technology Research (M.M.), Food Technology (S.H.H.), and Community Nutrition (J.M.R.), National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran; and Office of Community Nutrition (Z.A., F.S.), Deputy of Health, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Tehran 558-14665, Iran
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