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Smith AD, Dodd HF, Ricardo L, van Sluijs E. Gender Differences in Caregivers' Attitudes to Risky Child Play in Britain: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:365-374. [PMID: 38253052 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines gender differences in parental attitudes toward risky play for 5- to 11-year-old boys and girls in Britain. METHODS Analyses use data from the cross-sectional, nationally representative British Child Play Survey. Survey respondents were caregivers of primary-school-aged children living in Britain. Parent self-reported their risk tolerance in play via the Tolerance for Risk in Play Scale (TRiPS) and the Risk Engagement and Protection Survey (REPS). The REPS includes subscales that assess caregiver attitudes around "Protection from Injury" (PFI) and "Engagement with Risk" (EWR) in relation to children's play. Multiple linear regression compared caregiver gender differences in TRiPS, REPS-PFI, and REPS-EWR at the item level, and overall. Associations between child gender and these scales were also examined. RESULTS Among 1919 caregivers, no significant gender differences emerged in mean TRiPS (P = .72), REPS-EWR (P = .58), and REPS-PFI (P = .34) scores. Activity-specific differences were evident in caregivers' tolerance for individual risky play activities (15/31 activities). Parents of boys exhibited higher risk tolerance (B = -4.48, P < .01) and willingness for their child to engage in risky play (B = -0.63, P < .01) than parents of girls. CONCLUSIONS While there was no difference between male and female caregivers overall attitudes, gender differences were prominent for specific play activities and attitudes, with male caregivers demonstrating higher tolerance for the riskiest activities. Parents of boys expressed more permissive attitudes toward engagement in risky play. Further work is needed to identify why there is gender-related variation in these attitudes and should be considered in interventions that support parents in enabling adventurous play opportunities for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Smith
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen F Dodd
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Luiza Ricardo
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Boyes R, Pickett W, Janssen I, Swanlund D, Schuurman N, Masse L, Han C, Brussoni M. Physical environment features that predict outdoor active play can be measured using Google Street View images. Int J Health Geogr 2023; 22:26. [PMID: 37759295 PMCID: PMC10536757 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-023-00346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childrens' outdoor active play is an important part of their development. Play behaviour can be predicted by a variety of physical and social environmental features. Some of these features are difficult to measure with traditional data sources. METHODS This study investigated the viability of a machine learning method using Google Street View images for measurement of these environmental features. Models to measure natural features, pedestrian traffic, vehicle traffic, bicycle traffic, traffic signals, and sidewalks were developed in one city and tested in another. RESULTS The models performed well for features that are time invariant, but poorly for features that change over time, especially when tested outside of the context where they were initially trained. CONCLUSION This method provides a potential automated data source for the development of prediction models for a variety of physical and social environment features using publicly accessible street view images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Boyes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
- Presage Group, Inc, 3365 Harvester Road, Suite 206, Burlington, ON, L7N 3N2, Canada.
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David Swanlund
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, RCB 6119/7134, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nadine Schuurman
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, RCB 6119/7134, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Louise Masse
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Room F508, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V5H 3V4, Canada
| | - Christina Han
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Room F511, 4480, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V5H 3V4, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Room F511, 4480, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V5H 3V4, Canada
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3
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Oliver BE, Nesbit RJ, McCloy R, Harvey K, Dodd HF. Parent perceived barriers and facilitators of children's adventurous play in Britain: a framework analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:636. [PMID: 35365107 PMCID: PMC8976306 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From a public health perspective there is growing interest in children's play, including play involving risk and adventure, in relation to children's physical and mental health. Regarding mental health, it is theorised that adventurous play, where children experience thrilling, exciting emotions, offers important learning opportunities that prepare children for dealing with uncertainty and help prevent anxiety. Despite these benefits, adventurous play has decreased substantially within a generation. Parents have a key role in facilitating or limiting children's opportunities for adventurous play, but research identifying the barriers and facilitators parents perceive in relation to adventurous play is scarce. The present study therefore examined the barriers to and facilitators of adventurous play as perceived by parents of school-aged children in Britain. METHODS This study analysed data from a subsample of parents in Britain (n = 377) who participated in the nationally representative British Children's Play Survey. Parents responded to two open-ended questions pertaining to the barriers to and facilitators of children's adventurous play. Responses were analysed using a qualitative Framework Analysis, an approach suitable for managing large datasets with specific research questions. RESULTS Four framework categories were identified: Social Environment; Physical Environment; Risk of Injury; Child Factors. Social Environment included barriers and facilitators related to parents, family and peers, as well as community and society. Dominant themes within the Social Environment related to perceptions about the certainty of child safety, such as supervision and the safety of society. Beliefs about the benefits of adventurous play for development and well-being were also important in the Social Environment. Physical Environment factors focused on safety and practical issues. Risk of Injury captured concerns about children being injured during play. Child Factors included child attributes, such as play preference, developmental ability and trait-like characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Improved understanding of what influences parent perceptions of adventurous play can inform public health interventions designed to improve children's opportunities for and engagement in adventurous play, with a view to promote children's physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Oliver
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Rachel J Nesbit
- Children and Young People's Mental Health (ChYMe), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachel McCloy
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Kate Harvey
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Helen F Dodd
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK. .,Children and Young People's Mental Health (ChYMe), College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Brussoni M, Han CS, Lin Y, Jacob J, Munday F, Zeni M, Walters M, Oberle E. The Results of the OutsidePlay-ECE Study: Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate a Web-Based Intervention to Influence Early Childhood Educators’ Attitudes and Supportive Behaviors Toward Outdoor Play (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e36826. [PMID: 35687394 PMCID: PMC9233267 DOI: 10.2196/36826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outdoor play is critical to children’s healthy development and well-being. Early learning and childcare centers (ELCCs) are important venues for increasing children’s outdoor play opportunities, and early childhood educators’ (ECE) perception of outdoor play can be a major barrier to outdoor play. The OutsidePlay-ECE risk-reframing intervention is a fully automated and open access web-based intervention to reframe ECEs’ perceptions of the importance of outdoor play and risk in play and to promote a change in their practice in supporting it in ELCC settings. We grounded the intervention in social cognitive theory and behavior change techniques. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the OutsidePlay-ECE web-based risk-reframing intervention. Methods We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Canada between December 2020 and June 2021 to test the OutsidePlay-ECE risk-reframing intervention for ECEs. We recruited participants using social media and mass emails through our partner and professional networks. We invited ECEs and administrators working in an ELCC, who can speak, read, and understand English. We randomized consented participants to the intervention or control condition. The participants allocated to the intervention condition received a link to the OutsidePlay-ECE intervention. Participants allocated to the control condition read the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play, a 4-page document on research and recommendations for action in addressing barriers to outdoor play. The primary outcome was a change in tolerance of risk in play. The secondary outcome was goal attainment. We collected data on the web via REDCap (Vanderbilt University) at baseline and 1 week and 3 months after intervention. Results A total of 563 participants completed the baseline survey, which assessed their demographics and tolerance of risk in play. They were then randomized: 281 (49.9%) to the intervention and 282 (50.1%) to the control condition. Of these, 136 (48.4%) and 220 (78%) participants completed the baseline requirements for the intervention and control conditions, respectively. At 1 week after intervention, 126 (44.8%) and 209 (74.1%) participants completed follow-up assessments, respectively, and at 3 months after intervention, 119 (42.3%) and 195 (69.1%) participants completed the assessments, respectively. Compared with participants in the control condition, participants in the intervention group had significantly higher tolerance of risk in play at 1 week (β=.320; P=.001) and 3 months after intervention (β=.251; P=.009). Intention-to-treat analyses replicated these findings (β=.335; P<.001 and β=.271; P=.004, respectively). No significant intervention effect was found for goal attainment outcomes (odds ratio 1.124, 95% CI 0.335-3.774; P=.85). Conclusions The results of this randomized controlled trial demonstrated that the OutsidePlay-ECE intervention was effective and had a sustained effect in increasing ECEs’ and administrators’ tolerance of risk in play. It was not effective in increasing goal attainment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04624932; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04624932 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/31041
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina S Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yingyi Lin
- Spatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fritha Munday
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan Zeni
- Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melanie Walters
- Child Care Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Brussoni M, Han CS, Jacob J, Munday F, Zeni M, Walters M, Cheng T, Schneeberg A, Fox E, Oberle E. A Web-Based Risk-Reframing Intervention to Influence Early Childhood Educators' Attitudes and Supportive Behaviors Toward Outdoor Play: Protocol for the OutsidePlay Study Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e31041. [PMID: 34792479 PMCID: PMC8663711 DOI: 10.2196/31041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early learning and childcare centers (ELCCs) can offer young children critical opportunities for quality outdoor play. There are multiple actual and perceived barriers to outdoor play at ELCCs, ranging from safety fears and lack of familiarity with supporting play outdoors to challenges around diverse perspectives on outdoor play among early childhood educators (ECEs), administrators, licensing officers, and parents. Objective Our study objective is to develop and evaluate a web-based intervention that influences ECEs’ and ELCC administrators’ perceptions and practices in support of children’s outdoor play at ELCCs. Methods The development of the fully automated, open-access, web-based intervention was guided by the intervention mapping process. We first completed a needs assessment through focus groups of ECEs, ELCC administrators, and licensing officers. We identified key issues, needs, and challenges; opportunities to influence behavior change; and intervention outcomes and objectives. This enabled us to develop design objectives and identify features of the OutsidePlay web-based intervention that are central to addressing the issues, needs, and challenges of ECEs and ELCC administrators. We used social cognitive theory and behavior change techniques to select methods, applications, and technology to deliver the intervention. We will use a two-parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. We will recruit 324 ECEs and ELCC administrators through a variety of web-based means, including Facebook advertisements and mass emails through our partner networks. The RCT study will be a purely web-based trial where outcomes will be self-assessed through questionnaires. The RCT participants will be randomized into the intervention group or the control group. The control group participants will read the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. Results The primary outcome is increased tolerance of risk in children’s play, as measured by the Teacher Tolerance of Risk in Play Scale. The secondary outcome is self-reported attainment of a self-developed behavior change goal. We will use mixed effects models to test the hypothesis that there will be a difference between the intervention and control groups with respect to tolerance of risk in children’s play. Differences in goal attainment will be tested using logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The OutsidePlay web-based intervention guides users through a personalized journey that is split into 3 chapters. An effective intervention that addresses the barriers to outdoor play in ELCC settings has the potential to improve children’s access to outdoor play and support high-quality early childhood education. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04624932; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04624932 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/31041
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brussoni
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina S Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Jacob
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fritha Munday
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan Zeni
- Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melanie Walters
- Child Care Services, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tina Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Emily Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Pelletier CA, Cornish K, Sanders C. Children's Independent Mobility and Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study with Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094481. [PMID: 33922530 PMCID: PMC8122942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Children's independent mobility (CIM) is the freedom of children to move around their neighbourhood without adult supervision and is closely related to overall physical activity participation. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted movement behaviours for children, with evidence indicating a decrease in physical activity. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of CIM and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of children and their parents. We completed 21 family (at least one parent and one child aged 7-12) semi-structured interviews with 45 participants living in small urban and rural areas of British Columbia, Canada. Three themes were identified through a reflexive thematic analysis: (1) keeping everyone safe from COVID-19; (2) change in pattern and types of activity; (3) social impacts with family, friends, and community. Participants expressed a perceived increase in unstructured activity and a decrease in structured physical activity during the pandemic, which many parents viewed as a positive change. Parents and children indicated negative feelings due to spending less time with peers and reflected positively about spending more time with family. Parents and children expressed fear and anxiety in trying to keep their families safe from virus spread and creativity in adapting play behaviours. Findings highlight the impact of the pandemic on social friendship networks for families and a shift in activity patterns for children toward unstructured play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A. Pelletier
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Katie Cornish
- Health Research Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada;
| | - Caroline Sanders
- School of Nursing, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada;
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Loebach J, Sanches M, Jaffe J, Elton-Marshall T. Paving the Way for Outdoor Play: Examining Socio-Environmental Barriers to Community-Based Outdoor Play. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18073617. [PMID: 33807263 PMCID: PMC8037806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor play and independent, neighborhood activity, both linked with healthy childhood development, have declined dramatically among Western children in recent decades. This study examines how social, cultural and environmental factors may be hindering children’s outdoor and community-based play. A comprehensive survey was completed by 826 children (aged 10–13 years) and their parents from 12 schools (four each urban, suburban and rural) from a large county in Ontario, Canada. Five multilevel regression models, controlling for any school clustering effect, examined associations between outdoor play time per week and variable sets representing five prevalent factors cited in the literature as influencing children’s outdoor play (OP). Models predicted that younger children and boys were more likely to spend time playing outdoors; involvement in organized physical activities, other children nearby to play with, higher perception of benefits of outdoor play, and higher parental perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion also predicted more time in outdoor play. Time outdoors was less likely among children not allowed to play beyond home without supervision, felt they were ‘too busy’ with screen-based activities, and who reported higher fears related to playing outdoors. Study findings have important implications for targeting environmental, cultural and policy changes to foster child-friendly communities which effectively support healthy outdoor play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Loebach
- Department of Design + Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Krembli Centre for Neuroinformatics, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, ON N6G 4X8, Canada;
| | - Julia Jaffe
- Department of Design + Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Tara Elton-Marshall
- Centre for Addiction and Mental, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, London, ON N6G 4X8, Canada;
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Forsberg H, Rutberg S, Mikaelsson K, Lindqvist AK. It's about being the good parent: exploring attitudes and beliefs towards active school transportation. Int J Circumpolar Health 2020; 79:1798113. [PMID: 32697630 PMCID: PMC7480411 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2020.1798113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a decline in active school transportation (AST). Parents play an important role as the key decision-makers of children’s AST, and there is a need of more knowledge about the decision-making process and parents’ beliefs towards AST. The overall aim of this study was to explore parents’ attitudes and beliefs towards AST in the northern part of Sweden. Twenty parents participated in semi-structured interviews, which was based on the theory of planned behaviour. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the interviews. The analysis yielded one main theme, “Parenting and active school transportation – making route choices in a changed landscape” and four subthemes, “Knowing that it is beneficial while struggling with daily life”, “Considering barriers and solutions to enable AST”, “Parenting is challenging and about balancing”, and “Reflecting and contemplating about what we and others do”. Winter conditions affect parents’ decisions, and this needs to be considered when facilitating AST in these regions. Overall better health, increased physical activity, time spent outdoors, and free play were revealed as positive outcomes of AST. Decisions were also influenced by social norms and how the idea of parenting has changed through generations. The findings of this study are likely to be important when promoting AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Forsberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Mikaelsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology , Luleå, Sweden
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Priebe CS, Latimer-Cheung AE, Berry T, O'Reilly N, Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G. Make Room for Play: An Evaluation of a Campaign Promoting Active Play. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 24:38-46. [PMID: 30712504 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1572838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of rising screen time, only a third of Canadian children are achieving adequate amounts of active play, an important source of physical activity. ParticipACTION, a national not-for-profit organization, created the "Make Room for Play" campaign targeting parents with television advertisements depicting how screen time takes away from active play. The advertisements featured children engaging in active play (e.g., jump rope) while a black screen progressively sequesters the room for them to play. This study's purpose was to evaluate the campaign using the hierarchy of effects model, a framework for conceptualizing the impact of mass media campaigns. It was hypothesized that recall would relate to intermediate (e.g., cognitions, self-efficacy) and distal (e.g., parental support) factors. Twenty-six percent of the general population and caregiver samples surveyed (N = 1576) recalled (unaided) the advertisement and 45.9% recalled when prompted. Parental support was significantly higher in those recalling the campaign, p = .009. Twenty-four percent of parents reporting unaided recall (versus 14.0% of those not) tried to engage in active play with their children and 21.2% (versus 12.0%) tried to create opportunities for children to engage in play. Strengths and limitations of mass media approaches targeting active play and screen time are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Priebe
- a School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Tanya Berry
- c Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Norm O'Reilly
- d College of Business and Economics , University of Guelph , Guelph , Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- e School of Exercise Science, Physical, & Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - John C Spence
- c Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- f Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- a School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
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10
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Taylor LG, Clark AF, Wilk P, Button BL, Gilliland JA. Exploring the Effect of Perceptions on Children's Physical Activity in Varying Geographic Contexts: Using a Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Examine a Cross-Sectional Dataset. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5120159. [PMID: 30486424 PMCID: PMC6306871 DOI: 10.3390/children5120159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Most Canadian children are not meeting the recommended 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. Research suggests that children’s perceptions of their environment have an influence on their physical activity behaviours, but there is a lack of generalizability among previous work. The purpose of this study was to assess the mediating effect of children’s perceptions of barriers to physical activity on the relationship between their environments and their level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (measured with accelerometers). Structural equation modelling stratified by gender was used to assess the research objective in a sample of 546 participants aged 8–14 years old from Northwestern and Southwestern Ontario, Canada. In both models stratified by gender, perceptions of barriers did not significantly mediate the relationship between urbanicity and physical activity. Independent of all other factors, there was no significant relationship between urbanicity and physical activity in girls, but there was in boys. These results offer insight into potential processes by which perceptions impact physical activity and provide initial information to further our understanding of the behavioural aspects of physical activity through multiple levels of analysis. Researchers must continue to improve efforts for quantifying the experience of children’s daily activity contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Taylor
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Andrew F Clark
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Brenton L Button
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Jason A Gilliland
- Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
- School of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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