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Tao H. Good deeds or exploitation?: Queer parents working for private assisted reproductive technologies companies in urban China. JOURNAL OF LESBIAN STUDIES 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39219405 DOI: 10.1080/10894160.2024.2382575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This article examines the interplay of queer reproduction and private assisted reproductive technologies (ART) companies in urban China. While same-sex marriage has not gained legal recognition in mainland China and childbirth outside heterosexual marriage has been restricted, queer parents who have children through ART have gradually become visible. ART has emerged as an ideal way for Chinese queer citizens to have children, though they are not legally permitted to use ART services in domestic hospitals. Consequently, an increasing number of queer intended parents turned to underground ART businesses, with some of them becoming salespeople or business owners themselves. My ethnographic analysis comes from fieldworks conducted in Guangdong province, China, from 2018 to 2021. This paper shows that the legal and moral debates brought by queer people's use of ART are perceived differently among diverse gender and sexual groups in Chinese society. It founds that queer parents' participation in the ART industry has demonstrated the potential for queer forms of parenthood and family, while reinforcing stratified reproduction and gender inequalities. The tendency to reduce IVF/surrogacy to "womb-for-rent" business among Chinese ART businesses continues to impact queer people's reproductive and parenting rights. This paper hopes to offer insights into queer reproductive justice and reproductive technologies across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tao
- IT University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ye R, Lai Y, Gu J. New sexually transmitted HIV infections from 2016 to 2050 in Guangdong Province, China: a study based on a dynamic compartmental model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1307. [PMID: 38745217 PMCID: PMC11092022 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Guangdong Province, China, there is lack of information on the HIV epidemic among high-risk groups and the general population, particularly in relation to sexual transmission, which is a predominant route. The new HIV infections each year is also uncertain owing to HIV transmission from men who have sex with men (MSM) to women, as a substantial proportion of MSM also have female sexual partnerships to comply with social demands in China. METHODS A deterministic compartmental model was developed to predict new HIV infections in four risk groups, including heterosexual men and women and low- and high-risk MSM, in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2050, considering HIV transmission from MSM to women. The new HIV infections and its 95% credible interval (CrI) were predicted. An adaptive sequential Monte Carlo method for approximate Bayesian computation (ABC-SMC) was used to estimate the unknown parameter, a mixing index. We calibrated our results based on new HIV diagnoses and proportions of late diagnoses. The Morris and Sobol methods were applied in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS New HIV infections increased during and 2 years after the COVID-19 pandemic, then declined until 2050. New infections rose from 8,828 [95% credible interval (CrI): 6,435-10,451] in 2016 to 9,652 (95% CrI: 7,027-11,434) in 2019, peaking at 11,152 (95% CrI: 8,337-13,062) in 2024 before declining to 7,084 (95% CrI: 5,165-8,385) in 2035 and 4,849 (95% CrI: 3,524-5,747) in 2050. Women accounted for approximately 25.0% of new HIV infections, MSM accounted for 40.0% (approximately 55.0% of men), and high-risk MSM accounted for approximately 25.0% of the total. The ABC-SMC mixing index was 0.504 (95% CrI: 0.239-0.894). CONCLUSIONS Given that new HIV infections and the proportion of women were relatively high in our calibrated model, to some extent, the HIV epidemic in Guangdong Province remains serious, and services for HIV prevention and control are urgently needed to return to the levels before the COVID-19 epidemic, especially in promoting condom-based safe sex and increasing awareness of HIV prevention to general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ye
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingsi Lai
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen Global Health institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Sun Yat-sen Global Health institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Research Center of Health Informatics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen WT, Barbour R. Male and female Asians living with HIV: a text-mining analysis comparing their concerns. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1114731. [PMID: 37251024 PMCID: PMC10213259 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asians are "a forgotten population" whose HIV prevention and treatment needs have long been ignored. Studies on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have primarily reported on physical and psychological conditions among men and gender minorities. Methods We used data-mining to select words and word patterns from pooled in-depth interviews conducted with 33 women and 12 men (n = 45) who were HIV positive and residing in San Francisco, United States, Shanghai, Beijing, or Taipei, China. We analyzed gender-based data (male vs. female) within the participant responses. Results Disclosure of HIV serostatus was discussed by both genders of PLWHA. Participants were concerned whether they should disclose their diagnosis and how to disclose it to their family members. Specifically, for women, family relationships and financial burdens were discussed most often. In terms of men, HIV disclosure was the key concern followed by disclosure of their sexual preference and concerns over what people were saying about them in the community. Conclusion This project compared and contrasted concerns of Asian HIV-positive men and women. As healthcare providers promoting self-management by HIV-positive individuals of both genders, it is important to consider that there may be significant differences between them. Future interventions should consider how gender role influences self-management strategies in PLWHA and how support can be targeted to achieve a better quality of life for PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ti Chen
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Russell Barbour
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS (CIRA), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
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Zhou Z, Feng Y, Ou W, Zhang D, Su R, Cao Y, Zheng H, Ma P, Wei M, Shao Y. Inference of HIV-1 transmission direction between men who have sex with men (MSM) and their wives in China. AIDS 2023; 37:1015-1017. [PMID: 37017025 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Weidong Ou
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Defa Zhang
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Rui Su
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Yu Cao
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Haifa Zheng
- Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Min Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin
| | - Yiming Shao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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Chen L, Jiang T, Wang H, Hong H, Ge R, Tang H, Wang S, Xu K, Chai C, Ma Q, Jiang J. Development and validation of a risk score for predicting inconsistent condom use with women among men who have sex with men and women. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:734. [PMID: 37085861 PMCID: PMC10120174 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) are the most important bridge population for HIV transmission. Condom use plays an important role for HIV infection. However the predictors for condom ues with females are not well characterized. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were enrolled by four community-based organizations (CBOs) by offline (bathrooms, bars), and online (gay applications, chat room) from April to December 2019. Electronic questionnare was fulfilled after a face-to-face training led by CBOs. We identified predictors of inconsistent condom use with females by creating a risk score based on regression coefficients. We externally validated this score via an independent cross-sectional survey conducted in Zhejiang Province in 2021. A total of 917, 615 MSMW were included in analysis in 2019 and 2021, seperately. RESULTS Among 917 MSMW, 73.2% reported heterosexual behavior in the prior 6 months and 38.3% reported inconsistent condom use with females (ICUF) over that time. Compared with heterosexual/unsure MSMW, bisexual MSMW reported more male and female sex partners, higher proportion of inconsistent condom use with males, less commercial sex with males (p < 0.05). Four risky predictors of ICUF were identified: Duration of local residence ≦6 months; more than one male partner in the prior 6 months; inconsistent condom use with males in the prior 6 months; and never heard post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The proportions of respondents indicating ICUF in the low- (0), medium- (2-4) and high-risk (6-20) groups (according to our risk scoring system) were 11.7% (14/120), 26.9% (96/357), and 78.1% (125/160), respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). In the validation survey, the respective proportions of those reporting ICUF were 13.4% (15/112), 17.8% (24/185) and 87.3% (96/110) (Ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a predictive risk score for ICUF among MSMW; four factors were identified, of which inconsistent condom use with men was the most important. Risk reduction intervention programs should focus on MSM who report inconsistent condom use with males, never heard PEP, having multiple partners and living in local less than 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention; Department of Zhejiang Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention; Department of Zhejiang Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention; Department of Zhejiang Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Hong
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention, Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ge
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Tang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention, Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention,, Jinhua, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanling Wang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Chai
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention; Department of Zhejiang Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoqin Ma
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention; Department of Zhejiang Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Jiang
- Department of HIV/AIDS and STDs Control and Prevention; Department of Zhejiang Key Lab of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Song C, Xie H, Zhou Y, Chatterjee JS. Sex life and sexuality among tongqi: doing gender and heterosexuality. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2023; 25:256-269. [PMID: 35175903 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2022.2037716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The term tongqi refers to cisgender, heterosexual women who unwittingly marry non-straight men. In mainland China, their adverse social position and health have been the subject of concern. This study aims to broaden and diversify perceptions of the lived experiences of tongqi by focusing on sex and sexualities in mixed-orientation marriages. Four themes (lack of sexuality-related exploration before marriage, the unsatisfactory nature of marital sex life, the exercise of sexual agency, and increased self-awakening) were developed from observations of a tongqi online support group and 12 semi-structured interviews with members. Using inductive thematic analysis, findings reveal how heteronormativity oppresses and punishes both tongqi and their non-straight husbands. In most cases, husbands not 'doing heterosexuality' as expected were still found to be 'doing gender' in patriarchal ways, with wives' subordinate status thereby being reinforced, making them more vulnerable. However, despite women's sexual autonomy and agency being constrained by normative forces, some were able to navigate their conjugal relationships by practising sexual autonomy and agency within and outside their marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Song
- Gender and Development Studies, Department of Development and Sustainability, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Hui Xie
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yao Zhou
- Barken Beatrices Gata, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joyee S Chatterjee
- Gender and Development Studies, Department of Development and Sustainability, School of Environment Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Shi L, Liu G, Fu G, Zaller N, Wei C, Yang C, Yan H. Psychosocial and behavioral correlates with HIV testing among men who have sex with men during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262472. [PMID: 35073356 PMCID: PMC8786173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Some of community mitigation efforts on COVID-19 created challenges to ongoing public health programs, including HIV care and prevention services among men who have sex with men (MSM). The goal of the current study was to explore sociodemographic factors and the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing among Chinese MSM during state-enforced quarantine. Methods We conducted a community based survey between May 1st to June 30th, 2020 on COVID-19 related impacts on HIV testing among 436 China MSM during the COVID-19 state-enforced quarantine. Results One-third (33.7%) of MSM received HIV testing during the quarantine period. Few participants reported difficulty accessing facility-based testing (n = 13, 3.0%) or obtaining HIV self-test kit online (n = 22, 5.0%). However, 12.1% of participants reported being afraid of getting facility-based HIV test due to concerns about the risk of COVID-19. In the multivariate logistic regression model, participants who were married (aOR: 1.89, 95%CI: 1.19–3.01), reported increased quality of sleep (aOR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.11–3.86), and increased difficulty in accessing health care (aOR: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.37–3.99) were more likely to get an HIV test during the state-enforced quarantine. Conclusion The mitigation measures of COVID-19 have created various barriers to access HIV related prevention services in China, including HIV testing. To mitigate these impacts on HIV prevention and care services, future programs need to address barriers to HIV-related services, such as providing high-quality HIV self-testing. Meanwhile, psychological services or other social services are needed to those experiencing mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingen Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gengfeng Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Nick Zaller
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Chongyi Wei
- Department of Health Behavior, Society, and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Health, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hongjing Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Zhou Z, Ma P, Feng Y, Ou W, Wei M, Shao Y. The inference of HIV-1 transmission direction between a man who has sex with men and his heterosexual wife based on the sequences of HIV-1 quasi-species. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1209-1216. [PMID: 34077305 PMCID: PMC8676586 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1938693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, homosexual transmission has become one of the main routes of HIV-1 spread in China. Furthermore, about 80% Chinese men, who have sex with men (MSM), feel forced to enter eventually into heterosexual marriages due to the Chinese traditional marriage culture, which may cause HIV-1 infection in families. In this study, we identified HIV-1 transmission in a family and the direction of HIV-1 transmission from a MSM to his wife and infant, which indicated Chinese MSM may have become a potential bridge of HIV-1 transmission to their wives and children. Therefore, we need to develop more effective defence measures to prevent the spread of HIV-1 in MSM families in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Ou
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Shao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Li L, Zhu X, Yang C, Hu T, Zhao X, Li C, Wu M, Qiao G, Yang F. Social support and coping style of Tongqi in China: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:317-322. [PMID: 33966799 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tongqi (gays' wives) in China were under tremendous distress and social pressure due to their special identities and were not clearly known. A sample of 179 Chinese Tongqi were recruited through online social media groups in 2017-2018. Their hidden lives, social support, and coping styles were analyzed. The results showed that the majority of Tongqi concealed their identities, had negative responses to cope with their tremendous distress, and did not have sufficient social support. Their social support was mainly from family members. Hidden identities obstructed Tongqi's access to extrafamilial social support that could alleviate their distress. Tongqi need more social support and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongming Yang
- College of Family and Social Academy, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Wu
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiyuan Qiao
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Yang
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
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Wu W, Zhang Y, Goldsamt L, Yan F, Wang H, Li X. The Mediating Role of Coping Style: Associations Between Intimate Partner Violence and Suicide Risks Among Chinese Wives of Men Who Have Sex With Men. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP6304-NP6322. [PMID: 30484367 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518814264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wives of men who have sex with men, known as "Tongqi" in China, have increasingly attracted public attention due to their potential risks of suicide and sexually transmitted infections and HIV. However, few studies have explored the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicide risk or the mediating effect of coping style on these associations among Tongqi in China. To describe these relationships, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China from February 2016 to February 2017. A questionnaire, which consisted of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, and reports of suicide attempts, was completed by 178 Chinese Tongqi. Bootstrap tests were performed to determine the mediating role of coping styles on the association between IPV and suicide risks. The median IPV score was 14 (range: 0-50), with the domain of negotiation ranking highest. The average coping style score was .37±.73; 61.2% of Tongqi have had suicidal ideation, and 11.8% had attempted suicide. IPV was significantly correlated with suicidal ideation (rs = .19, p < .01) and suicide attempts (rs = .29, p < .001). Participants with a negative coping style had higher suicidal ideation (rs = -.39, p < .01) and suicide attempts (rs = -.22, p < .01). Coping style had a full mediating effect on the association between IPV and suicidal ideation and a partial mediating effect on suicide attempts. Chinese Tongqi experienced high level of IPV and suicide risks. IPV contributed to the suicide risks of Chinese Tongqi, but these associations were mediated by coping style. Therefore, interventions to improve mental health and prevent suicide risks of Chinese Tongqi should focus on helping them develop a positive coping style to achieve the goal of Healthy China in 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizi Wu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lloyd Goldsamt
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, USA
| | - Fang Yan
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honghong Wang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianhong Li
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Syphilis infection and epidemiological characteristics in Haidian District, Beijing, China, 2013-2018. Public Health 2020; 190:62-66. [PMID: 33360028 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis between 2013 and 2018 in the Haidian District of Beijing in China. In addition, this study suggests potential strategies to control the spread of syphilis infection. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. METHODS Data were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting System at medical institutions within the Haidian District of Beijing between 2013 and 2018. Epidemiological methods, combined with Chi-squared test, were used to analyse the distribution of syphilis in terms of time, region, population and development stage. RESULTS In total, 3048 patients with syphilis were reported in the Haidian District between 2013 and 2018, with an average annual prevalence of 14.26 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of syphilis was higher in rural than urban regions, and the sex ratio of male-to-female was 1.52:1. Patients aged 20-29 years accounted for 22.60% (689/3048) of the total cases. In terms of occupational distributions, the highest proportion (30.61%; 933/3048) was seen in individuals who were homemakers or unemployed. Latent syphilis was present in 66.83% (2037/3048) of patients and accounted for an increased proportion of syphilis cases each year. CONCLUSIONS Syphilis was epidemic in the Haidian District of Beijing between 2013 and 2018. High prevalence was seen in young and middle-aged males living in urban areas. The prevalence of syphilis has been increasing since 2016; thus, public health policies and intervention strategies need to be strengthened to curb the spread of infection.
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12
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Ge Z, Getaneh Y, Liang Y, Lv B, Liu Z, Li K, Ou W, Liu D, Ma P, Shao Y. Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Second-Generation (CRF01_AE/B) Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Tianjin, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:138-142. [PMID: 31482723 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form composed of CRF01_AE and subtype B detected from a married HIV-positive male subject infected through homosexual behavior in Tianjin in northern China. The near full-length genome analyses showed that two regions of subtype B inserted into the CRF01_AE backbone with four recombinant breakpoints observed in the pol gene region. Subregion tree analyses demonstrated that the CRF01_AE regions of the recombinant were greatly clustered with the CRF01_AE subcluster 4 lineage, which was found primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM) in northern China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (CRF01AE/B) in Tianjin, which indicates active transmission networks of HIV-1 infection among MSM in this region. The emergence of the novel second-generation recombinant form highlights the increasing complexity of HIV-1 epidemic among MSM population and the importance to monitor potential novel circulating recombinant forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangwen Ge
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yimam Getaneh
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bowen Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanmou Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weidong Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment & Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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13
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Wang Y, Wilson A, Chen R, Hu Z, Peng K, Xu S. Behind the Rainbow, "Tongqi" Wives of Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2929. [PMID: 31993006 PMCID: PMC6971106 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the restrictions and stigmatization of homosexuality in China, there has emerged the “Tongqi,” or the wives of men who have sex with men (MSM). There are around 14 million Tongqi wives whose needs for support are often overshadowed. This phenomenon has been largely under researched, this review is the first to address the current data on the Tongqi. The aim of this systematic review is to begin to provide insight into the pre-existing data and the further support that is needed for the wives of MSM. Methods The researchers searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CNKI, Sinomed and WangFang databases from their inception date until June 7, 2019. Handsearching was also completed to provide a rich data set. Results The articles were summarized and analyzed for thematic clusters. From the selected article, five themes emerged, including Sexual Health Issues, Intimate Partner Violence, Mental Health Status, Marriage Dissatisfaction, and Coping Strategies. These themes often intersected to provide a complex understanding of the current gaps in support provided to Tongqi. Conclusion Tongqi wives remain a hidden population in Chinese mainstream society, who deserves a sensitive approach to support. The study revealed that the MSM wives suffer severe mental, physical, health, and life related harms. However, instead of situating them into the victim roles, many women take on an identity of empowerment and are working together, aiming to make social changes. In order to address the Tongqi phenomenon, it is also essential to reduce the discrimination toward homosexuality. Tongqi are a special group of Chinese women, they require further intensive research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Runsen Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Hu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ke Peng
- The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shicun Xu
- Department of Population, Resources and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Ge Z, Liu D, Lv B, Liang Y, Li K, Feng Y, Sun J, Ou W, Ma P, Shao Y. Genomic Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/07_BC Recombinant Virus from a Married Man Who Has Sex with Men in Tianjin, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2019; 35:780-784. [PMID: 31187637 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report in this study a novel HIV-1 second-generation recombinant form (TJIH0172) composed of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC isolated from a married HIV-positive male subject infected through homosexual behavior in Tianjin, China. The phylogenetic analysis of the near full-length genome of TJIH0172 reveals that one region of CRF07_BC inserted into the CRF01_AE backbone with two recombinant breakpoints observed in the vpu and env gene regions, respectively. The CRF01_AE regions (the regions I and III) of the recombinant are greatly clustered with the CRF01_AE subcluster 4 lineage, which is mainly circulating among men who have sex with men (MSM) in northern China. The CRF07_BC region (II) is clustered with two sequences (JX960600 and KF250366), which were discovered in the MSM population in Liaoning Province and Beijing city in northern China, respectively. The emergence of the novel recombinant strain from a married man who has sex with men in Tianjin, China, highlights the increasing complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic between MSM and their female partners and further molecular epidemiological investigation should be taken to track married MSM and their female partners to prevent HIV transmit from HIV high-risk populations to general populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangwen Ge
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowen Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Disease, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Nankai University Second People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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15
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Yan H, Cao W, Mo P, Huan X, Wang Z, Lin X, Wang X, Gu L, Wang P, Agudile E, Lau J. Prevalence and associated factors of HIV serostatus disclosure to regular female sex partners among HIV-positive men who have sex with both men and women in China. AIDS Care 2019; 31:1026-1034. [PMID: 31046414 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1612002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
HIV-positive men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) may transmit HIV to regular female sexual partners (FSPs, including girlfriend and wife) through unprotected sex. FSPs' awareness of the HIV serostatus of the MSMW promotes them to access services. However, the prevalence of HIV disclosure among MSMW was low, and factors associated with this disclosure are largely unknown. This study aimed to examine factors associated with HIV disclosure to regular FSPs among HIV-positive MSMW. We recruited 432 HIV-positive MSMW from three provinces of China and collected information on participants' individual characteristics and interpersonal relationships with their FSPs using individualized structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. The prevalence of HIV disclosure to their most recent FSPs was 49.8%. Facilitators of HIV disclosure included the presence of HIV/AIDS symptoms, perceiving this partner's HIV status as positive, exposure to counseling favoring disclosure, inconsistent condom use, and this partner's acknowledgment of MSM identity. Barriers against HIV disclosure included unknown HIV serostatus of this partner and an instrumental relationship to hide MSM identity. HIV disclosure to regular FSPs was low. Programs should target priority subgroups. Services in counseling favoring disclosure and partner HIV testing should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Yan
- a Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wangnan Cao
- b Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion , JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Phoenix Mo
- b Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion , JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiping Huan
- a Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wang
- b Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion , JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- c Chengdu Community Gay Care Organization , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- c Chengdu Community Gay Care Organization , Chengdu , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gu
- d Hebei Light of Love Group Caring for People Living with HIV , Baoding , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- d Hebei Light of Love Group Caring for People Living with HIV , Baoding , People's Republic of China
| | - Emeka Agudile
- e Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Harvard University , Boston , MA , US
| | - Joseph Lau
- b Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion , JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China.,f Shenzhen Research Institute , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen , People's Republic of China.,g School of Public Health , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhou PP, Yu G, Kuang YQ, Huang XH, Li Y, Fu X, Lin P, Yan J, He X. Rapid and complicated HIV genotype expansion among high-risk groups in Guangdong Province, China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:185. [PMID: 30795762 PMCID: PMC6387515 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guangdong Province is one of the most developed and populous provinces in southern China, with frequent foreign exchanges and large transient population. The annual number of cases of HIV/AIDS reported in Guangdong has been higher than most of provinces in China for several successive years. HIV infection by heterosexual transmission occurs across the province, with transmission among men who have sex with men occurring mainly in larger urban centers. There is a lack of widespread and representative data on the distribution of HIV subtypes in Guangdong. This study aimed to thoroughly investigate and estimate the prevalence and distribution of HIV-1 subtypes using a city-based sampling strategy to better understand the characteristics of HIV transmission in Guangdong. Methods Archived plasma samples (n = 1205) from individuals diagnosed as HIV-1 infection in 2013 were selected randomly from all 21 cities in Guangdong Province. Genotypes were determined using env and/or gag sequences using phylogenetic analysis. The distributions of HIV genotypes in different risk groups and different cities were analyzed. Results A total of 15 genotypes, including six discordant genotypes, were identified. The four main HIV-1 subtypes in Guangdong were CRF01_AE (43.2%), CRF07_BC (26.3%), CRF55_01B (8.5%), and CRF08_BC (8.4%). CRF01_AE was the predominant subtype in all risk populations. The high mobility of people shaped the complexity of the HIV genotypes, while the switch of risk factors affected the distribution and future trend of HIV-1 genotypes in Guangdong. Another epicenter located in the western region in addition to the known epicenter cities in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong may exist. Conclusions Our study provides a comprehensive molecular epidemiologic dataset to understand the diversity and distribution of HIV genotypes in Guangdong, as well as to clarify the unique region- and risk group-specific transmission dynamics. The results provide critical and insightful information for more effective intervention strategies to limit HIV transmission in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-3788-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Guolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yi-Qun Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Xu-He Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Xiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
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17
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Shi X, Xu W, Zheng Y. Heterosexual Marital Intention: Effects of Internalized Homophobia, Homosexual Identity, Perceived Family Support, and Disclosure Among Chinese Gay and Bisexual Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2018; 67:452-467. [PMID: 30507292 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1547558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the factors that influence the likelihood that 217 Chinese gay/bisexual men will engage in heterosexual marriage, focusing on the Chinese cultural context, in which filial duties to marry, have children, and support one's parents in their old age are taken seriously. Data on heterosexual marital intention (HMI) were examined in relation to demographics, internalized homophobia, homosexual identity formation (HIF), perceived family support, and disclosure. We estimated a multinomial logistic regression model for HMI. Internalized homophobia was a predictor for HMI. Lower levels of HIF and disclosure were found in gay/bisexual men who have married or who intend to marry; and the more family support gay/bisexual men perceived, the more likely they were to enter heterosexual marriages. The findings could help to better evaluate and comprehend the factors leading to heterosexual marriages involving Chinese gay/bisexual men. The social implications of this research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and herpes simplex virus in Beijing, China. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 147:e59. [PMID: 30501682 PMCID: PMC6518584 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogens in Beijing, China, is rarely reported. In this study, 34 911 symptomatic outpatients with suspected genital infections who attended outpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital were included to investigate the updated prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2016 in Beijing, China. Results indicated that a decrease trend (UU, CT, NG and HSV) in male and an increase trend (UU, CT and NG) in female were observed during the period. Patients aged 20–39 years old were mostly affected by these pathogens, while the prevalence in patients aged 20–29 years old was the highest, The prevalence of UU in male was significantly lower than in female (31.5% vs. 49.3%, P < 0.05), while the prevalence of NG in male was significantly higher than in female (2.5% vs. 0.8%, P < 0.05). In patients with co-infections, 60.6% of male and 71.4% of female were co-infected by UU + CT. In total, 11.9% and 88.1% of patients with HSV infections were confirmed to be infected by HSV-1 and HSV-2. This study could contribute to a better understanding of the current epidemiological features of UU, NG, CT and HSV among symptomatic patients attending an outpatient clinic in Beijing, China, and thus facilitate to develop more effective intervention, prevention and treatment of STI.
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19
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Tang K, Chen WT. HIV and religion in HIV-infected Asians and their families: A qualitative study. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 44:18-24. [PMID: 30389055 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper examines HIV-infected Asian Americans' experiences with religion throughout the course of their illness and their family relationships. BACKGROUND As the number of Asians in the United States continues to grow, health professionals are beginning notice obvious gaps of knowledge in caring for this population, including HIV-infected individuals. Little is known about the impact of religion and faith on Asian Americans with HIV and their families. The study focuses on the participants' reported experiences to understand the variety of roles religion can play in the progression of a highly stigmatized chronic disease. METHODS An in-depth interview was conducted in San Francisco and New York City with 30 HIV-infected Asians. Narrative samples and summarized responses was used to highlight themes that emerged from the participants' anecdotes. Interpretive content analysis was employed. RESULTS These groups were categorized as (a) those who did not adhere to any religion, (b) those of tenuous religious faith with conflicted feelings, and (c) those of strong religious faith with congruent beliefs. Within these three groups, various themes were synthesized from the members' perceptions and past experiences with religion. Within each group, participants displayed various stages of reconciliation with their current faith-related beliefs and escape the family stress from their religion practices. Each participant's story shown the vast range of human understanding and faith experiences including self-actualization, acculturation, and depression. CONCLUSIONS This research provides new insight on the challenge of managing HIV-infected patients in a culturally and religiously appropriate manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tang
- School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ti Chen
- University of California Los Angeles, School of Nursing, United States of America.
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20
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Chen XS. Challenges in responses to syphilis epidemic. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:793-794. [PMID: 28701274 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Sheng Chen
- National Center for STD Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing 210042, China.
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