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Kim W, Chang K, Lee SY, Ju YJ. Area-level deprivation and handwashing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multilevel analysis on a nationwide survey in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2088-2103. [PMID: 37204032 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2212600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between area deprivation level and performance of handwashing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korean adults. This study used data from the 2015 Population and Housing Census data to measure area deprivation level. The 2020 Korea Community Health Survey was used for all other variables, including hand hygiene behavior (August through November 2020). The association between area deprivation level and practice of handwashing behavior was examined using multilevel logistic regression analysis. The study population comprised 215,676 adults aged 19 years or above. Compared to the least area deprived group, the most deprived group was more likely to not wash hands after using the restroom (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.82), after coming home (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.43-2.39), and using soap (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.84). The findings suggest the importance of considering area deprivation in implementing policies that promote handwashing, particularly during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyujin Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
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Slekiene J, Swan N, Kalina M. Absorbent hygiene products disposal behaviour in informal settlements: identifying determinants and underlying mechanisms in Durban, South Africa. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:912. [PMID: 38549068 PMCID: PMC10976708 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within South Africa, many low-income communities lack reliable waste management services. Within these contexts, absorbent hygiene product (AHP) waste, including nappies (diapers), are not recycled, and are often dumped, ending up in watercourses and polluting the local environment. The structural barriers to collection which have been well explored, however the behavioural determinants of safe disposal for AHPs remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the psycho-social factors driving AHP disposal behaviour for caregivers, while identifying potential underlying mechanisms (such as mental health), which may be influencing disposal behaviour, with the intention of informing a future, contextually appropriate and sustainable, collection system. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted within three low-income communities located within eThekwini Municipality (Durban), South Africa. The study included a pre-study and a quantitative survey of 452 caregivers, utilising the RANAS approach of behaviour change. The quantitative questionnaire was based on the RANAS model to measure psycho-social factors underlying sanitary disposal of AHPs. Mental health was assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Statistical analysis involved regressing psycho-social factors onto disposal behaviour and exploring their interaction with mental health through a moderation model. RESULTS Our findings suggest that one third of caregivers do not dispose of nappies sanitarily, despite intent (86.9%). Regression analysis revealed ten psycho-social factors which significantly predict the desired behavioural outcome, the sanitary disposal of AHPs. Caregivers with poor mental health were less likely to dispose of AHP sanitarily, which reflects previous research linking poor mental health and the impairment of health-related daily activities, particularly within vulnerable groups. Specifically, several psycho-social factors underlying were moderated by poor mental health, the prevalence of sanitary disposal of AHPs depended on mental condition of caregiver. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the link between poor mental health and unsanitary AHPs disposal. This is especially relevant because poor mental health is common within South Africa. Addressing mental health problems within these communities is an essential step to providing sustainable waste management services. The findings informed an intervention strategy to implement a future collection system for these communities, and similar low-income or informal contexts within South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Slekiene
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Ranas Ltd, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Swan
- Green Corridors, Durban, South Africa
| | - Marc Kalina
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Slekiene J, Chidziwisano K, Tilley E. Psychosocial factors associated with intention to pursue tertiary education among Malawian students: the moderating effect of mental health. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:65. [PMID: 38336801 PMCID: PMC10854067 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), approximately 9 million students are enrolled in tertiary education (TE), which is 4% of the total TE enrolment globally. Barriers to higher education in SSA are numerous: poverty, food insecurity, gender, and disability, while the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the situation. Little is known about the psychosocial factors and underlying mechanisms associated with students' intention to apply for TE. Using a psychological theory of behaviour change, our study investigated the psychosocial and context factors associated with the application to TE. METHODS In a cross-sectional research study 821 interviews using researcher-administered questionnaires were conducted with secondary school students in rural and urban Blantyre, Malawi. A quantitative questionnaire based on the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation (RANAS) model was used to assess psychosocial factors underlying application for TE. The Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and household hunger scale were used to assess mental health and hunger respectively. RESULTS More than half of the youth were at risk to develop depression (66.5%). Girls reported experiencing more depression symptoms than boys. Around 1 in every 5 interviewed youth lived in a home experiencing moderate or severe hunger. A higher intention to apply for TE was related to perceived vulnerability, affective beliefs (joy, happiness, excitement), injunctive (approval of others) and personal norms, self-efficacy, and commitment to apply. Factual knowledge about TE application was very limited. An intention to apply for TE and self-efficacy was positively associated with regular physical exercise, but negatively associated with mental health and hunger. However, mental health moderated the effects of physical exercise on the intention to apply for TE. We found significant differences between poor and good mental health groups on intention to apply for TE in perceived vulnerability, descriptive (behaviour of others) and personal norms, self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy and commitment factors. The results informed a behaviour change intervention strategy to increase students' intention to apply for TE. CONCLUSIONS Our research findings are an important contribution to the long-term strategy of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and contribute to the inclusion of vulnerable students with impaired mental health in higher education in Malawi and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Slekiene
- Global Health Engineering (GHE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D- MAVT), ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 37, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Kondwani Chidziwisano
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Private Bag 303, Blantyre 3, Chichiri, Malawi
- Department of Environmental Health, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Private Bag 303, Blantyre 3, Chichiri, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth Tilley
- Global Health Engineering (GHE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D- MAVT), ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 37, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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Ghassemi EY, Thorseth AH, Le Roch K, Heath T, White S. Mapping the association between mental health and people's perceived and actual ability to practice hygiene-related behaviours in humanitarian and pandemic crises: A scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286494. [PMID: 38096240 PMCID: PMC10721104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Humanitarian crises such as disease outbreaks, conflict and displacement and natural disasters affect millions of people primarily in low- and middle-income countries. Here, they often reside in areas with poor environmental health conditions leading to an increased burden of infectious diseases such as gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. Water, sanitation, and hygiene behaviours are critical to prevent such infections and deaths. A scoping review was conducted to map out what is known about the association between three mental health disorders and people's perceived and actual ability to practice hygiene-related behaviours, particularly handwashing, in humanitarian and pandemic crises. Published and grey literature was identified through database searches, humanitarian-relevant portals, and consultations with key stakeholders in the humanitarian sector. 25 publications were included, 21 were peer-reviewed published articles and four were grey literature publications. Most of the studies were conducted in mainland China (n = 12) and most were conducted in an outbreak setting (n = 20). Six studies found a positive correlation between handwashing and anxiety where participants with higher rates of anxiety were more likely to practice handwashing with soap. Four studies found an inverse relationship where those with higher rates of anxiety were less likely to wash their hands with soap. The review found mixed results for the association between handwashing and depression, with four of the seven studies reporting those with higher rates of depression were less likely to wash their hands, while the remaining studies found that higher depression scores resulted in more handwashing. Mixed results were also found between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and handwashing. Two studies found that lower scores of PTSD were associated with better hygiene practices, including handwashing with soap. The contradictory patterns suggest that researchers and practitioners need to explore this association further, in a wider range of crises, and need to standardize tools to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yasmin Ghassemi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Hasund Thorseth
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sian White
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Slekiene J, Chidziwisano K, Morse T. Does Poor Mental Health Impair the Effectiveness of Complementary Food Hygiene Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Malawi? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10589. [PMID: 36078302 PMCID: PMC9518201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders have the potential to affect an individual's capacity to perform household daily activities such as water, sanitation, and hygiene (food hygiene inclusive) that require effort, time, and strong internal motivation. However, there is limited detailed assessment about the influence of mental health on food hygiene behaviors at household level. We conducted a follow-up study to detect the effects of mental health on food hygiene behaviors after food hygiene intervention delivery to child caregivers in rural Malawi. Face-to-face interviews, based on the Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-regulations (RANAS) model, were conducted with 819 participants (control and intervention group) to assess their handwashing and food hygiene-related behaviors. Mental health was assessed using the validated Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Study results showed a significant negative relationship between mental health and handwashing with soap behavior (r = -0.135) and keeping utensils in an elevated place (r = -0.093). Further, a significant difference was found between people with good versus poor mental health on handwashing with soap behavior (p = 0.050) among the intervention group. The results showed that the influence of the intervention on handwashing with soap behavior was mediated by mental health. Thus, integration of mental health in food hygiene interventions can result in improved outcomes for caregivers with poor mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Slekiene
- Global Health Engineering (GHE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Clausiusstrasse 37, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kondwani Chidziwisano
- Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
- Department of Environmental Health, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences (MUBAS), Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Tracy Morse
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Level 5 James Weir Building, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
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White S, Heath T, Khalid Ibrahim W, Ihsan D, Blanchet K, Curtis V, Dreibelbis R. How is hygiene behaviour affected by conflict and displacement? A qualitative case study in Northern Iraq. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264434. [PMID: 35239702 PMCID: PMC8893612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to qualitatively explore whether the determinants of handwashing behaviour change according to the duration of displacement or the type of setting that people are displaced to. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in three different post-conflict settings in Northern Iraq–a long-term displacement camp, a short-term displacement camp, and villages where people were returning to post the conflict. We identified 33 determinants of handwashing in these settings and, of these, 21 appeared to be altered by the conflict and displacement. Determinants of handwashing behaviour in the post-conflict period were predominantly explained by disruptions to the physical, psychological, social and economic circumstances of displaced populations. Future hygiene programmes in post-conflict displacement settings should adopt a holistic way of assessing determinants and design programmes which promote agency, build on adaptive norms, create an enabling environment and which are integrated with other aspects of humanitarian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian White
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Heath
- Operations Department, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France
| | - Waleed Khalid Ibrahim
- Independent Researcher, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Medical Technology, Cihan University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| | - Dilveen Ihsan
- Independent Researcher, Dohuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
| | - Karl Blanchet
- Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Val Curtis
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Dreibelbis
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Jiang Q, Cohen N, Ohtori M, Gao J, Wang Q, Zhang E, Zhu S, Johnstone H, Guo Y, Dill SE, Zhou H, Rozelle S. Postnatal Mental Health, Hand Washing Practices, and Infant Illness in Rural China. Front Glob Womens Health 2021; 2:735264. [PMID: 34870276 PMCID: PMC8636699 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2021.735264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal mental health problems play an important role in infant well-being. Although western countries have extensively studied the associations between maternal mental disorders, hygiene practices and infant health, little is known in developing settings. This study investigates the correlations between postnatal mental health problems, hand washing practices and infant illness in rural western China. Methods: A total of 720 mothers of infants aged 0–6 months from four poor counties in rural western China were included in the survey. Mental health symptoms were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Questions about infant illness and hand washing practices followed evaluative surveys from prior studies. Adjusted ordinary least squares regressions were used to examine correlations between postnatal mental health (depression, anxiety, and stress) symptoms, hand washing practices, and infant illness outcomes. Results: Maternal depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were significantly associated with reduced hand washing overall and less frequent hand washing after cleaning the infant's bottom. Mental health symptoms were also associated with a higher probability of infants showing two or more illness symptoms and visiting a doctor for illness symptoms. Individual hand washing practices were not significantly associated with infant illness; however, a composite measure of hand washing practices was significantly associated with reduced probability of infant illness. Conclusion: Postnatal mental health problems are prevalent in rural China and significantly associated with infant illness. Policy makers and practitioners should investigate possible interventions to improve maternal and infant well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Nourya Cohen
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mika Ohtori
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Evelyn Zhang
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina Zhu
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Johnstone
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yian Guo
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sarah-Eve Dill
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Huan Zhou
- Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Lai C, Pellicano GR, Méndez H, Castellanos BA, Pomoni E, Tomai M, Langher V, La Longa F, Crescimbene M. Retracted: Water Scarcity May Lead to Poor Mental Health: A Community-Focused Study in Rural El Salvador. ECOPSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2020.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Romana Pellicano
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Hilda Méndez
- University of El Salvador (UES), San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | - Elpiniki Pomoni
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources—National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Tomai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Langher
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices among Adolescents in Dominican Republic, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago: Prevalence, Health, Risk Behavior, Mental Health and Protective Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217860. [PMID: 33120963 PMCID: PMC7663212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of oral hygiene (OH) and hand hygiene (HH) behavior among school adolescents in three Caribbean countries. METHOD In all, 7476 school adolescents (median age 14 years) from the Dominican Republic, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago responded to the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2016-2017. RESULTS The prevalence of poor OH (tooth brushing < 2 times/day) was 16.9%, poor HH (not always before meals) was 68.2%, poor HH (not always after toilet) was 28.4%, and poor HH (not always with soap) was 52.7%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, current cannabis use, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, poor mental health, and low parental support increased the odds for poor OH. Rarely or sometimes experiencing hunger, trouble from alcohol use, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, poor mental health, and low parental support were associated with poor HH (before meals and/or after the toilet, and/or with soap). CONCLUSION The survey showed poor OH and HH behavior practices. Several sociodemographic factors, health risk behaviors, poor mental health, and low parental support were associated with poor OH and/or HH behavior that can assist with tailoring OH and HH health promotion.
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Mulugeta A, Zhou A, King C, Hyppönen E. Association between major depressive disorder and multiple disease outcomes: a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation study in the UK Biobank. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1469-1476. [PMID: 31427754 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Depression affects all aspects of an individual's life but evidence relating to the causal effects on health is limited. We used information from 337,536 UK Biobank participants and performed hypothesis-free phenome-wide association analyses between major depressive disorder (MDD) genetic risk score (GRS) and 925 disease outcomes. GRS-disease outcome associations passing the multiple-testing corrected significance threshold (P < 1.9 × 10-3) were followed by Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to test for causality. MDD GRS was associated with 22 distinct diseases in the phenome-wide discovery stage, with the strongest signal observed for MDD diagnosis and related co-morbidities including anxiety and sleep disorders. In inverse-variance weighted MR analyses, MDD was associated with several inflammatory and haemorrhagic gastrointestinal diseases, including oesophagitis (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18-1.48), non-infectious gastroenteritis (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.06-1.48), gastrointestinal haemorrhage (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11-1.43) and intestinal E.coli infections (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.74-6.02). Signals were also observed for symptoms/disorders of the urinary system (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.19-1.56), asthma (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.44), and painful respiration (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14-1.44). MDD was associated with disorders of lipid metabolism (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.12-1.34) and ischaemic heart disease (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.15-1.47). Sensitivity analyses excluding pleiotropic variants provided consistent associations. Our study indicates a causal link between MDD and a broad range of diseases, suggesting a notable burden of co-morbidity. Early detection and management of MDD is important, and treatment strategies should be selected to also minimise the risk of related co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Mulugeta
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Catherine King
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia. .,Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK. .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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11
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and associated factors of oral and hand hygiene behaviour among adolescents in six Southeast Asian countries. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 33:421-427. [PMID: 32549158 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Regular tooth brushing, at least twice a day, is effective for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease, and regular hand washing with soap can effective prevent infections. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors of oral, hand hygiene behaviour, and associated factors among adolescents in six Southeast Asian countries. Methods The sample consisted of 36,173 adolescent school children (median age 14 years), from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Timor-Leste that participated in the cross-sectional "Global School-based Student Health Survey" (GSHS) in 2014-2015. Results Results indicated that 17.1% of students reported <twice a day tooth brushing and sub-optimal (not always) hand washing behaviour (44.8% before meals, 31.9% after toilet use, and 55.8% with soap). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, male sex, health risk behaviour (<daily fruit and <daily vegetable consumption, sedentary behaviour), psychological distress, and lack of peer and parental or guardian support were associated with sub-optimal oral hygiene, and male sex, health risk behaviour (tobacco use, < daily fruit, <daily vegetable consumption, sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity), psychological distress and lack of peer and parental support were associated with sub-optimal hand washing hygiene behaviour. Conclusions Poor oral and hand hygiene behaviour was identified. Several factors associated with poor hygiene behaviour were identified that can help in designing programmes for promotion of adequate oral and hand hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Slekiene J, Mosler HJ. The link between mental health and safe drinking water behaviors in a vulnerable population in rural Malawi. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:44. [PMID: 31287032 PMCID: PMC6615249 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders, particularly depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, are common long-term psychological outcomes in emergency contexts arising from conflicts, natural disasters, and other challenging environmental conditions. In emergencies, people suffer not only from the lack of external resources such as drinking water and food but also from poor mental health. Mental disorders can substantially impair daily activities in vulnerable individuals. However, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) behaviors are daily activities that require effort, time, and strong internal motivation. Therefore, questions arise: whether there is a relationship between mental health and safe water behaviors, and if so, whether the motivational drivers of these behaviors are affected by mental health. Methods Our cross-sectional study conducted face-to-face interviews with 638 households in rural Malawi. We used a quantitative questionnaire based on the risks, attitudes, norms, abilities, and self-regulation (RANAS) approach to measure motivational psychosocial factors. Mental health was assessed using the validated Chichewa version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Results. Almost a third of the respondents reported poor mental health. We found significant negative association between mental health and self-reported safe water collection (p = .01, r = −.104) but not between safe water transportation and storage behavior. The moderation analysis revealed significant interaction effects of mental health with some psychosocial factors and therefore on WASH behaviors. Poor mental health changed the influence of three psychosocial factors—perceived others’ behavior, commitment, and remembering—on safe drinking water collection behavior. The influence on water transportation and storage behavior of the perceived severity of contracting a disease, the belief that transporting and storing water requires substantial effort, and others’ approval depended on the mental health condition of the respondent. Conclusions These results imply that populations with a significant proportion of individuals with poor mental health will benefit from interventions to mitigate mental health before or parallel to behavioral change interventions for WASH. Specific population-level interventions have been shown to have a positive effect on mental well-being, and they have been successfully applied at scale. This research is especially relevant in emergency contexts, as it indicates that mental health measures before any WASH interventions will make them more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Slekiene
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Social Sciences, Environmental and Health Psychology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Hans-Joachim Mosler
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Environmental Social Sciences, Environmental and Health Psychology, Überlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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