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Jang S, Park NY. The Association between Social Isolation and Physical Activity among Korean Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1003. [PMID: 39201938 PMCID: PMC11352405 DOI: 10.3390/children11081003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the impact of structural isolation within peer relationships on physical activity levels among Korean adolescents, exploring how different types of social isolation within classroom networks influence physical activity. METHODS This study utilized cross-sectional survey data. Specifically, using data from the 8th Korean Children and Youth Happiness Index survey (2016), which included 3356 middle and high school students in Korea, the study employed binary logistic regression and social network analysis to assess the relationship between social isolation and physical activity. Based on types of isolation, adolescents were categorized into social avoidant, actively isolated and socially indifferent groups. RESULTS The analysis demonstrated significant differences in physical activity based on social isolation status (χ2 = 13.0, p < 0.001) and types of social isolation (χ2 = 18.3, p < 0.001). Key variables such as gender, household subjective economic status, and self-rated health significantly influenced physical activity. The number of physically active friends had a considerable impact on both non-isolated groups (OR = 1.31, p < 0.001) and the actively isolated group (OR = 1.42, p < 0.05). The actively isolated group exhibited the highest explanatory power in the logistic regression models (Nagelkerke R² = 0.230). CONCLUSIONS This study has highlighted that not only social isolation but also the type of isolation significantly influences physical activity among adolescents. Understanding these distinctions and tailoring interventions accordingly are crucial for promoting physical activity among socially isolated adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Jang
- Department of Public Health, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Na-Young Park
- Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea
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Lenze L, Klostermann C, Schmid J, Lamprecht M, Nagel S. The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity-a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2023; 54:192-200. [PMID: 38812659 PMCID: PMC11135187 DOI: 10.1007/s12662-023-00884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Considering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s12662-023-00884-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lenze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstraße 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- University of Teacher Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Klostermann
- University of Teacher Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstraße 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lamprecht
- Lamprecht und Stamm Sozialforschung und Beratung, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Siegfried Nagel
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstraße 145, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Romero-Parra N, Solera-Alfonso A, Bores-García D, Delfa-de-la-Morena JM. Sex and educational level differences in physical activity and motivations to exercise among Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:533-542. [PMID: 36482089 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04742-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Children and adolescents worldwide, especially girls, do not meet moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) guidelines, a situation which is related to obesity and other comorbidities. Sex/gender differences in the practice of MVPA and motivations to engage in physical activity have not been previously examined among Spanish students considering different educational levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore these differences and analyse if motivations mediate the relationship between educational levels and MVPA in a large sample of students. From different schools in the Madrid region (primary: 11,122; lower secondary: 12,379; upper secondary: 3228) 26,729 students (13,491 boys and 13,238 girls; 9-19 years old) were recruited to participate in this study. The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the third version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire were used to evaluate, MVPA and motivations to exercise, respectively. Two-way ANCOVA and a mediation analysis were performed. Female students were found to be less active than males (43.4±38.7 and 58.6±45.9 min of MVPA; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.023) and showed lower intrinsic (ηp2 = 0.003), and integrated (ηp2 = 0.007) motivations than their male counterparts (p < 0.001). Primary school students were more active than lower and upper secondary students (53.3±44.2, 49.9±42.3 and 48.0±42.8 min of MVPA; p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.002) and also presented higher intrinsic (ηp2 = 0.011) and integrated (ηp2 = 0.010) motivation than secondary school students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among Spanish children and adolescents, females showed lower levels of MVPA and intrinsic and integrated motivation across all the educational levels, and among primary school students in comparison to secondary school. This suggests that inner motivation is more determinant of increased engagement in MVPA and thus, there is need to reinforce it before the transition to secondary school and with special focus on females' preferences. What is Known: •Many children and adolescents worldwide, do not meet physical activity (PA) recommendations. • Within the self-determination theory, autonomous motivation seems to be the main responsible of greater PA levels. What is New: •This study shows for the first time sex and educational level differences in PA levels in a representative sample of Spanish students (9-19 yrs). •Autonomous motivation decreased from primary school onwards and was lower in female students than in their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Romero-Parra
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Solera-Alfonso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Bores-García
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health (Hum & QRinHS), Facultad de CC, De la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Delfa-de-la-Morena
- Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Bratland-Sanda S, Schmidt SK, Reinboth MS, Vrabel KA. Under pressure to exercise: a cross-sectional study of characteristics and predictors of compulsive exercise in early adolescents. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:156. [PMID: 36335366 PMCID: PMC9637290 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the frequency of compulsive exercise among early adolescents, and determine the associated impact of sex, physical activity level, exercise habits, motivational regulation, dieting behaviour and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on compulsive exercise. METHODS Cross-sectional design with 8th grade adolescents (n = 572, mean ± SD age 13.9 ± 0.3 yrs). Outcome assessment was compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test, CET). Total CET score ≥ 15 was defined as clinical CET score. Further assessment included exercise motivation (Behavioural Regulation of Exercise Questionnaire-2), HRQoL (KIDSCREEN 27), accelerometer-assessed physical activity and Andersen test for cardiorespiratory fitness. Exercise obsession was defined as clinical CET score and < 60 min/day with moderate-to-vigorous objectively assessed physical activity. RESULTS Small sex differences were found for CET total score. Seven percent of the adolescents were classified with clinical CET score, and four percent with exercise obsession. Adolescents with clinical CET score had higher body mass index, more weight loss attempts, and lower physical fitness compared to adolescents with non-clinical CET score. Being a boy, higher scores on introjected motivational regulation and HRQOL subscale parent relation and autonomy, use of exercise monitoring tool, and number of weight loss attempt the past 12 months explained 39% of the total CET score variance. Physical activity level did not predict compulsive exercise. CONCLUSIONS Compulsive exercise in early adolescents was predicted by exercise motivation, exercise habit, and dieting, but not physical activity level. This implicates a distinction of obsessive cognitions about physical activity from performed physical activity in adolescents, and that such cognitions must be addressed in future initiatives that aim to improve adolescents' general physical activity level, health, and wellbeing. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03906851. Although there is a huge concern about adolescents being insufficiently physically active, there are also adolescents who struggle with issues of compulsive exercise. The issues of compulsive exercise have been rarely studied in adolescents. We therefore aimed to describe compulsive exercise and factors that were associated with and could explain presence of compulsive exercise. A total of 572 8th graders (age 13.9 ± 0.3 yrs) responded to this study. We found that the score on compulsive exercise was higher in boys than in girls, and that adolescents with high score on compulsive exercise had higher body mass index, more weight loss attempts, and lower physical fitness compared to adolescents with low score on compulsive exercise. Also, we found that exercise obsessions, i.e., thinking of exercise without actually exercising, was present in four percent of the respondents. Being a boy, attempting weight loss, exercising to avoid shame/guilt, and exercising for the perceived value of exercise predicted compulsive exercise. Awareness of the compulsive exercise and exercise obsessions is important in public health initiatives that aim to increase adolescents' physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3800, Bø, Telemark, Norway.
| | - S K Schmidt
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3800, Bø, Telemark, Norway
| | - M S Reinboth
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of South-Eastern Norway, Gullbringvegen 36, 3800, Bø, Telemark, Norway
| | - K A Vrabel
- Research Institute, Modum Bad Psychiatric Centre, Vikersund, Norway.,Institute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kääpä M, Palomäki S, Fedewa A, Valleala UM, Hirvensalo M. The Role of Parental Support and the Students' Opinions in Active Finnish Physical Education Homework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11924. [PMID: 36231254 PMCID: PMC9565897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prior research indicates that adolescent boys are often more active than girls, implying a need for special attention to increase the physical activity levels of adolescent girls. Adolescents are at an age where they are especially susceptible to environmental and social influences but still have a limited amount of autonomy over their own behaviors. The effective physical activity programs implemented at this age may benefit health into adulthood. The fact that adolescents' physical activity is influenced by many factors indicates that to achieve any behavioral change, interventions must target several levels across the socio-ecological model. During childhood, the family is the primary factor in socializing and shaping engagement in physical activity. This study is part of the Physical Education (PE) Homework Study project which was implemented in a midsized secondary school in the middle of Finland from 2016 to 2020. The goal was to develop one easily approachable way to prevent the decreasing physical activity of adolescent girls. This was done by increasing physical activity times of adolescent girls outside of the school by giving them active PE assignments. The aim was also to explore students' and their parents' perceptions of physically active physical education homework. In this part of the study, there were 43 interviews: 38 student interviews and 5 interviews with parents. The analysis process followed the qualitative content analysis (QCA) strategy by Schreirer. In this study, we combined the views of students and parents, and obtained a broad picture of the PE homework assignments given at school but completed at home. According to students and parents, PE homework assignments should be diverse, interesting, and challenging, they should also be provided at flexible schedules outside of school hours with family support. Physical education homework could be a potential approach to influence the physical activity of the student population by involving school curriculum and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kääpä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Palomäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Alicia Fedewa
- Educational, School and Counseling Psykology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Ulla Maija Valleala
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mirja Hirvensalo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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Wilson OWA, Whatman C, Walters S, Keung S, Enari D, Rogers A, Millar SK, Ferkins L, Hinckson E, Hapeta J, Sam M, Richards J. The Value of Sport: Wellbeing Benefits of Sport Participation during Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148579. [PMID: 35886430 PMCID: PMC9324252 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insight into the unique benefits of sport participation above and beyond those associated with participation in other physical activities among adolescents is limited in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between wellbeing and organised sport participation among adolescents whilst accounting for demographic characteristics and other recreational physical activity. Demographic characteristics (age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation, (dis)ability status), organized sport, recreational physical activity, and wellbeing were assessed in cohorts of NZ adolescents (11–17 years) between 2017 and 2019. After adjusting for demographics, better wellbeing was associated with participation in any recreational physical activity (OR = 2.49, 95%CI = 1.97–3.13), meeting physical activity recommendations (OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.47–1.81), and each additional hour of recreational physical activity (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.02–1.04). After adjusting for demographics and overall recreational physical activity participation, better wellbeing was also associated with participation in any organized sport (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.49–1.86), and each additional hour of organized sport (OR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.07–1.11). Although participation in recreational physical activity appears to be beneficial for wellbeing, organized sport appears to offer unique additional wellbeing benefits. Positive experiences of organized sport participation may offer additional wellbeing value above and beyond other recreational physical activity types in young people who are active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. A. Wilson
- Te Hau Kori, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
| | - Chris Whatman
- School of Sport & Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (S.W.); (S.K.); (D.E.); (L.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Simon Walters
- School of Sport & Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (S.W.); (S.K.); (D.E.); (L.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Sierra Keung
- School of Sport & Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (S.W.); (S.K.); (D.E.); (L.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Dion Enari
- School of Sport & Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (S.W.); (S.K.); (D.E.); (L.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Andy Rogers
- Sport New Zealand, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
| | - Sarah-Kate Millar
- Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Lesley Ferkins
- School of Sport & Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (S.W.); (S.K.); (D.E.); (L.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Erica Hinckson
- School of Sport & Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (S.W.); (S.K.); (D.E.); (L.F.); (E.H.)
| | - Jeremy Hapeta
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sam
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (J.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Justin Richards
- Te Hau Kori, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
- Sport New Zealand, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
- Correspondence:
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Differences and Associations between Physical Activity Motives and Types of Physical Activity among Adolescent Boys and Girls. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6305204. [PMID: 35686232 PMCID: PMC9173893 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6305204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interventions aimed at motivation for physical activity (PA) are mostly beneficial, but the effects on preventing the decrease in PA are not entirely clear, especially in girls. The main aim of this study was to identify the differences and associations between PA motives and types of PA in boys and girls and between low and high motivated boys and girls. Another aim is to identify the types of motivation and PA that increase the likelihood of achieving PA recommendations and to propose ways of increasing PA among low motivated adolescents. The research carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic (2010–2019) and involved 2,149 Czech and 1,927 Polish adolescents aged 15–19 years. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form was used to identify the level of PA types, while PA motivation was examined through the Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised. During the ten years, a decline was observed in enjoyment, fitness, and social motives. An increase in appearance motives was observed in girls, while no significant changes were seen in boys. Boys showed a higher motivation for PA than girls in enjoyment, competence, fitness, and social motives, while girls were high motivated in appearance motives. The greatest statistically significant differences between low and high motivated individuals were found in the associations between recreation/vigorous PA and between all types of motivation in boys and girls in both countries. The strongest associations in both genders were observed between enjoyment/competence motives and recreation/vigorous PA. Respecting and using the associations between the types of PA motives and types of PA in low and high motivated boys and girls can support feelings of PA enjoyment, increase PA, support the achievement of PA recommendations, and positively affect adolescents' healthy lifestyles.
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Physical activity estimated by osteogenic potential and energy expenditure has differing associations with bone mass in young adults: the raine study. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:67. [PMID: 35434777 PMCID: PMC9013684 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ground impacts during physical activity may be important for peak bone mass. We found differences in how energy expenditure and impact scores estimated from a physical activity questionnaire related to bone health in young adults. Using both estimate types can improve our understanding of the skeletal benefits of physical activity. PURPOSE It is unclear whether mechanical loading during physical activity, estimated from physical activity questionnaires which assess metabolic equivalents of task (METs), is associated with skeletal health. This longitudinal study investigated how physical activity loading scores, assessed at ages 17 and 20 years, (a) compares with physical activity measured in METs, and (b) is associated with bone mass at age 20 years. METHODS A total of 826 participants from the Raine Study Gen2 were assessed for physical activity energy expenditure via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at age 17 and 20 years. Loading scores (the product of peak force and application rate) per week were subsequently estimated from the IPAQ. Whole-body and appendicular bone mineral density (BMD) at age 20 years were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Bland-Altman minimal detectable difference for physical activity Z- scores at age 17 and 20 years were 1.59 standard deviations (SDs) and 1.33 SDs, respectively, greater than the a priori minimal clinically important change of 0.5 SDs. Loading score, but not IPAQ score, had significant positive associations with whole-body and leg BMD after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.008 and 0.012 g/cm2, respectively, for age 17 and 20 years loading scores). IPAQ score at age 20 years, but not loading score, had a significant positive association with arm BMD (β = 0.007 g/cm2). CONCLUSION This study revealed disagreement in associations of self-reported METs and loading score estimates with bone health in young adults. Coupling traditional energy expenditure questionnaire outcomes with bone-loading estimates may improve understanding of the location-specific skeletal benefits of physical activity in young adults.
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Gut V, Schmid J, Imbach L, Conzelmann A. Stability of context in sport and exercise across educational transitions in adolescence: hello work, goodbye sport club? BMC Public Health 2022; 22:152. [PMID: 35062941 PMCID: PMC8783455 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study firstly aimed to identify context patterns in sport and exercise among adolescents at lower and upper secondary education. The organisational, social and competitive contexts of leisure-time sport and exercise were included as pattern indicators. The second aim was to examine the stability of these patterns across educational transition. The last aim was to investigate whether a subjective evaluation of the transition influences whether people stay in the same pattern across time. Methods One-year longitudinal data of 392 adolescents were analysed. Results Both before and after the educational transition, four context patterns were identified: the traditional competitive club athletes with friends, the self-organised individualists, the non-club-organised sportspersons and the mostly inactives. More than half of the individuals stayed in the same pattern across time. When individuals changed pattern, their change was most often from the self-organised individualists and the non-club-organised to the mostly inactives. A subjective evaluation of the transition influenced the stability of only the traditional competitive club athletes with friends. The chance of these people staying in the same pattern decreased with increased transitional stress. Conclusions Knowledge about the stability and change of context patterns can be used to make recommendations for policy strategies and to develop more individually-tailored promotion programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12471-4.
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Rha JY, Nam Y, Ahn SY, Kim J, Chang Y, Jang J, Kurita K, Park JY, Eom K, Moon H, Jung MH, Kim YJ, Hwang JE, Choo H. What drives the use of wearable healthcare devices? A cross-country comparison between the US and Korea. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221120319. [PMID: 36003315 PMCID: PMC9393678 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221120319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Given the rapid growth of the wearable healthcare device market, we examined
the associations among health-related and technology-related characteristics
of using wearable healthcare devices and demonstrated how the associations
differ between the US and Korean users. Methods Online self-administered surveys were conducted with 4098 participants (3035
in the US and 1063 in Korea) who were recruited through two online survey
service providers based on quota sampling. The primary outcome was the use
of wearable healthcare devices. Seven health-related, two
technology-related, and five socio-demographic factors were included as
explanatory variables. Binary logistic regression analyses and a Chow test
were conducted. Results The health-related characteristics that were significantly associated with
using wearable healthcare devices included disease-related worries
(β = 0.11**), health information seeking (β = 0.26***), physical activity
(β = 0.62***), and health-related expenditures ($50–$199, β = 0.38***; $200
or more, β = 0.56***). Hedonic (β = 0.33***), social (β = 0.31***), and
cognitive innovativeness (β = 0.14*) also exhibited positive relationships.
Younger, higher earner, and individuals with a child were more likely to use
wearable healthcare devices. However, for Korean users, several associations
disappeared including health information seeking, hedonic and social
innovativeness, age, and household income. Conclusions Key drivers of using wearable healthcare devices include greater concern
about a specific illness, active engagement in health-promoting behaviors,
and hedonic and social motivation to adopt new technologies. However, more
country-specific considerations are needed in future studies to identify the
main benefits for target markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Youn Rha
- Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Youngwon Nam
- Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Sun Young Ahn
- School of Business and Leadership, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Youchung Chang
- Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Jisu Jang
- Department of Consumer Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Keiko Kurita
- Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kunsun Eom
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Hyunseok Moon
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Jung
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Hwang
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - HyucK Choo
- Advanced Sensor Lab, Device Research Center, SAIT, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Miranda VPN, Coimbra DR, Bastos RR, Miranda Júnior MV, Amorim PRDS. Use of latent class analysis as a method of assessing the physical activity level, sedentary behavior and nutritional habit in the adolescents' lifestyle: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256069. [PMID: 34411143 PMCID: PMC8376087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, adolescents' lifestyle is commonly characterized by physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and inappropriate eating habits in general. A person-oriented approach as Latent Class Analysis (LCA) can offer more insight than a variable-centered approach when investigating lifestyle practices, habits, and behaviors of adolescent population. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess which variables are mostly used to represent the physical activity level, sedentary behavior SB) and nutritional habit in the adolescents' lifestyle in studies that used the LCA. DESIGN Scoping review. METHODS The study was a performed in accordance with the proposed criteria for systematic reviews and meta-analyses-Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108444). The original articles were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SPORTdiscus. The Quality Assessment Tool analyzed the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS 30 original articles were selected. The physical activity level (28 studies), SB and nutritional habits (18 studies) were the most common variable used to evaluate the adolescent's lifestyle by LCA model. Specifically, physical inactivity and high SB were the manifest variables with higher frequency in the negative latent classes (LCs) in adolescent girls. On the other hand, physical exercises and sports were activities more commonly labeled as positive LCs. CONCLUSIONS The LCA models of the most of selected studies showed that physical inactivity, high SB were the most common in the LCs with negative characteristics of the adolescents' lifestyle. Better understanding the results of analyzes of clusters of multivariate behaviors such as the LCA can help to create more effective strategies that can make the lifestyle of adolescents healthier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Paulo Neves Miranda
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science and Clinic Hospital (EBSERH), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Reis Coimbra
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora / Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Rocha Bastos
- Department of Statistics, Geo-Referenced Information Lab (LINGE), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcio Vidigal Miranda Júnior
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Silva Junior JF, Eckeli AL, Ribeiro CCC, Batista RFL, da Silva AAM, Alves CMC. Influence of excessive daily sleeping and sleep quality on BDNF and NGF serum levels in adolescents. Sleep Med 2021; 84:415-423. [PMID: 34329829 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neural growth factor (NGF) are widely expressed in the brain and play an important role in neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and increased neuronal connections. Previous studies have shown that reduced serum levels of these proteins are associated with disorders in human sleep. OBJECTIVE Current study evaluates the prevalence in adolescents of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sleep quality, and analyzes the influence of these factors on BDNF and NGF serum levels. METHODS A cross-section population-based study was conducted with data from a Brazilian birth cohort, with a sample of five hundred and thirteen 18-19-year-old adolescents. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and EDS by Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Neurotrophins serum levels were measured by Luminex™ technology kits. Analysis consisted of marginal structural models which compared people who were exposed and not exposed to sleep quality and EDS. RESULTS Poor sleep quality and EDS were detected in 62.57% and 36.35% of the sample. Adolescents with poor sleep quality and EDS had -0.39 (p-value = 0.049) and -0.51 pg/ml in NGF (p-value = 0.009). Individuals with self-reported sleep disorder had lower serum levels of NGF (Coef. -0.41, p-value = 0.045). CONCLUSION High prevalence of EDS and low sleep quality in a population of adolescents were evidenced. Poor sleep quality and EDS were associated with lower NGF levels, whilst adolescents with self-reported sleep disorder had lower serum levels of NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Luiz Eckeli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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13
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Gilani M, Wallach P, Kyriakou A. Levels of physical activity and barriers to sport participation in young people with gender dysphoria. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:747-753. [PMID: 33818040 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the levels of physical activity (PA) in young people with gender dysphoria (GD) and help identify factors which deter participation. METHODS Fifty-six young people who attended paediatric endocrinology because of GD, June to October 2019, and were on treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue were approached to participate in a survey. RESULTS A total of 55 young people (98%) responded to the survey. Thirty-eight (69%) participated in PA for >1 h/week. Thirty-two (58%) reported high motivation level for exercise. Those had median age of 15.9 years (10.7, 18.7) at the time of survey, and 13.6 years (9.7, 17.6) at start of GnRH analogue compared to 16.7 years (13.9, 18.5) (p, 0.047) and 15.4 years (11.2, 18.0) (p, 0.009) of the 23 (42%) who reported low motivation. Forty-one (74.5%) reported barriers when accessing PA, such as not being as good as others (75%), revealing sports clothing (73%) and not satisfied with body image (47%). Those were older (16.4 years [10.9, 18.7] vs. 14.7 years [10.7, 18.4] [p, 0.011]) at the time of survey and at start of GnRH analogue (14.9 years [9.7, 18.0] vs. 12.5 years [10.6, 15.2] [p, 0.0001]) than those 14 (25.5%) who reported facing no barriers. Twelve (85.7%) of those reporting no barriers stated high motivation levels compared to 20 (48.8%) of those reporting barriers (p, 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Strategies aimed at improving participation are twofold: first to improve motivation, especially in post-pubertal young people, and secondly to achieve societal change to help eliminate barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Gilani
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peri Wallach
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andreas Kyriakou
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Foubister C, van Sluijs EMF, Vignoles A, Wilkinson P, Wilson ECF, Croxson CHD, Brown HE, Corder K. The school policy, social, and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity: An exploratory analysis using the LASSO. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249328. [PMID: 33831061 PMCID: PMC8031174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association between the school policy, social and physical environment and change in adolescent physical activity (PA) and explored how sex and socioeconomic status modified potential associations. METHODS Data from the GoActive study were used for these analyses. Participants were adolescents (n = 1765, mean age±SD 13.2±0.4y) from the East of England, UK. Change in longitudinal accelerometer assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was the outcome. School policy, social and physical environment features (n = 267) were exposures. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection method (LASSO) was used to determine exposures most relevant to the outcome. Exposures selected by the LASSO were added to a multiple linear regression model with estimates of change in min/day of MVPA per 1-unit change in each exposure reported. Post-hoc analyses, exploring associations between change in variables selected by the LASSO and change in MVPA, were undertaken to further explain findings. FINDINGS No school policy or physical environment features were selected by the LASSO as predictors of change in MVPA. The LASSO selected two school social environment variables (participants asking a friend to do physical activity; friend asking a participant to do physical activity) as potential predictors of change in MVPA but no significant associations were found in subsequent linear regression models for all participants (β [95%CI] -1.01 [-2.73;0.71] and 0.65 [-2.17;0.87] min/day respectively). In the post-hoc analyses, for every unit increase in change in participants asking a friend to do PA and change in a friend asking participants to do PA, an increase in MVPA of 2.78 (1.55;4.02) and 1.80 (0.48;3.11) min/day was predicted respectively. CONCLUSIONS The school social environment is associated with PA during adolescence. Further exploration of how friendships during adolescence may be leveraged to support effective PA promotion in schools is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Foubister
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Esther M. F. van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Vignoles
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward C. F. Wilson
- Health Economics Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. D. Croxson
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elizabeth Brown
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Philipson A, Särnblad S, Ekstav L, Eriksson M, Fagerberg UL, Möller M, Mörelius E, Duberg A. An Intervention With Dance and Yoga for Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (Just in TIME): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e19748. [PMID: 33320103 PMCID: PMC7772067 DOI: 10.2196/19748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs. METHODS The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2). RESULTS Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023. CONCLUSIONS Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work of reducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02920268); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02920268. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19748.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Philipson
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stefan Särnblad
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Lars Ekstav
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mats Eriksson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ulrika L Fagerberg
- Centre for Clinical Research, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Möller
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Evalotte Mörelius
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Anna Duberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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16
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Alali MA, Robbins LB, Ling J, Kao TSA, Smith AL. Concept Analysis of Relatedness in Physical Activity Among Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 55:e293-e304. [PMID: 32684420 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM This analysis seeks to clarify the concept of relatedness in physical activity (PA) among adolescents. BACKGROUND Health-related behavior research highlights the importance of focusing on individual psychological needs such as relatedness in PA to improve adolescents' motivation toward PA. Although relatedness in PA has been associated with PA participation among adolescents, a thorough analysis of the concept is lacking. Conceptual clarification of relatedness in the context of PA is needed for promoting consistency between conceptual and operational definitions and refining empirical measurement. DESIGN The 6-steps of Rodgers' (2000) evolutionary method of concept analysis was used to analyze the data and identify attributes, surrogate/related terms, antecedents, and consequences of the relatedness concept. METHOD Several databases were used to extract relevant articles. A total of 113 were identified. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. In addition, twenty-six articles were included through other sources. The review process yielded a final set of 66 articles. RESULT A refined definition of relatedness in PA is an adolescent's perception of feeling socially connected with significant people in a reciprocal, caring, and trusting relationship that is a self-system process and promotes a sense of belonging and internalization within PA contexts. Attributes, surrogate/related terms, antecedents and consequences of relatedness in PA were identified from extant literature. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis provides a clarification of the conceptual definition of relatedness in PA among adolescents. The concept can guide nurses in designing interventions to improve health behavior or promoting changes in health policy. Future research is needed to refine operational definitions of relatedness so that they represent the defining attributes of the concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Ali Alali
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, MI, United States of America.
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, MI, United States of America
| | - Jiying Ling
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, MI, United States of America
| | - Tsui-Sui Annie Kao
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, MI, United States of America
| | - Alan L Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, MI, United States of America
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17
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Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and the Sense of Coherence-Their Role in Body Acceptance among Polish Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165791. [PMID: 32785143 PMCID: PMC7460119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the protective role of physical activity (PA) and other health-related bio-psycho components (physical fitness, body composition, body perception and the sense of coherence (SOC)) in body acceptance. We searched for gender differences in those relationships. We investigated 231 adolescents aged 13-16 years from an urban area in Poland. We conducted objective measurements of height, weight, fat% and relative value of minute oxygen consumption. Questionnaires for PA, SOC Body Figure Perception and body acceptance were applied. Linear regression was used for analyzing determinants of body acceptance. We found that more physically active girls reported a less slim ideal vision of their figure (p < 0.05). Physical fitness is a better predictor of body acceptance than physical activity. In the final model, the sense of coherence, body mass index (BMI), and gender (being a boy) were also predictors of body acceptance (F(6,92) = 13.084, p < 0.0001). Gender differences were discussed in the present study. Fitness enhancing physical activity should be recommended for adolescents to achieve the protective psychosocial effect especially among girls. Physical activity on a daily basis brings positive results in a more adequate and reasonable body assessment and it can play a protective role in terms of mental wellbeing. Body satisfaction varies between genders and it is a more sensitive issue among girls than boys during adolescence.
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Personal, Social, and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity in Groups of Children As Defined by Different Physical Activity Patterns. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:867-873. [PMID: 32732450 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions promoting physical activity (PA) in youth have had limited success, in part because studies with methodological challenges have yielded an incomplete understanding of personal, social, and environmental influences on PA. This study described changes in these factors for subgroups of youth with initially high PA that decreased (Active-Decline) compared with children with initially low PA that decreased (Inactive-Decline) from fifth to ninth grades. METHODS Observational, prospective cohort design. Participants (n = 625) were fifth-grade children recruited in 2 school districts and followed from elementary to high school. Students and their parents responded to questionnaires to assess personal, social, and perceived physical environmental factors in the fifth (mean age = 10.5 [.5] y) and ninth (mean age = 14.7 [.6] y) grades. Analyses included a mixed-model 2-way repeated analysis of variances. RESULTS Children in the Active-Decline compared with those in the Inactive-Decline group showed a more favorable profile in 6 of 8 personal variables (perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-schema, enjoyment, competence, and fitness motives) and 4 of 6 social variables (friend support, parent encouragement, parent support, and parent-reported support). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest efforts to promote PA should target selected personal, social, and perceived environmental factors beginning before age 10 and continuing through adolescence.
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19
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Toupin April K, Stinson J, Cavallo S, Proulx L, Wells GA, Duffy CM, ElHindi T, Longmuir PE, Brosseau L. Yoga and Aerobic Dance for Pain Management in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e12823. [PMID: 32442139 PMCID: PMC7381073 DOI: 10.2196/12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common types of arthritis among children. According to JIA guidelines for physical activity (PA), structured PA interventions led to improved health outcomes. However, many PA programs, such as yoga and aerobic dance, have not been studied in this population despite being popular among youth. Web-based PA programs could provide patients with accessible and affordable interventions. Objective The primary aims of the proposed pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) are to examine (1) the feasibility of conducting a full-scale RCT to evaluate the effectiveness of two popular types of PA: a yoga training program and an aerobic dance training program, in female adolescents (aged 13-18 years) with JIA compared with an electronic pamphlet control group; and (2) the acceptability of these interventions. Methods A three-arm prospective randomized open-label study with a parallel group design will be used. A total of 25 female adolescents with JIA who have pain will be randomized in a ratio of 2:2:1 to one of the 3 groups: (1) online yoga training program (group A: n=10); (2) online aerobic dance training program (group B: n=10); and (3) electronic pamphlet control group (group C: n=5). Participants in groups A and B will complete 3 individual 1-hour sessions per week using online exercise videos, as well as a 1-hour virtual group session per week using a videoconferencing platform for 12 weeks. Participants from all groups will have access to an electronic educational pamphlet on PA for arthritis developed by the Arthritis Society. All participants will also take part in weekly online consultations with a research coordinator and discussions on Facebook with participants from their own group. Feasibility (ie, recruitment rate, self-reported adherence to the interventions, dropout rates, and percentage of missing data), acceptability, and usability of Facebook and the videoconferencing platform will be assessed at the end of the program. Pain intensity, participation in general PA, morning stiffness, functional status, fatigue, self-efficacy, patient global assessment, disease activity, and adverse events will be assessed using self-administered electronic surveys at baseline and then weekly until the end of the 12-week program. Results This pilot RCT has been funded by the Arthritis Health Professions Association. This protocol was approved by the Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board (#17/08X). As of May 11, 2020, recruitment and data collection have not started. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga and aerobic dance as pain management interventions for female adolescents with JIA. The use of online programs to disseminate these 2 PA interventions may facilitate access to alternative methods of pain management. This study can lead to a full-scale RCT. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/12823
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Toupin April
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Stinson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabrina Cavallo
- École de Réadaptation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurie Proulx
- Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George A Wells
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ciarán M Duffy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Patricia E Longmuir
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lucie Brosseau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Vander Wyst KB, Olson ML, Keller CS, Soltero EG, Williams AN, Peña A, Ayers SL, Jager J, Shaibi GQ. Sex as a moderator of body composition following a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12620. [PMID: 32072749 PMCID: PMC9275591 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition differences between males and females emerge during adolescence and continue throughout adulthood; however, whether sex moderates body composition changes in adolescents with obesity after an intervention is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine sex as a moderator of changes in adiposity following lifestyle intervention. METHODS A total of 136 Latino youth with obesity (BMI% 98.2 ± 1.3) aged 14 to 16 years old were randomized to either a 12-week lifestyle intervention (27 males/40 females) or control (35 males/34 females) group. The intervention included nutrition education (1 h/wk) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (3 h/wk). Anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], BMI%, waist circumference, total body fat, and fat-free mass) were obtained pre- and post-intervention. Sex differences were examined by general linear models with significance determined at P < .05 for the F-statistic. RESULTS Sex did not moderate changes in BMI (F1,115 = 0.01, P = .9), BMI% (F1,115 = 0.14, P = .7), or waist circumference (F1,117 = 1.1, P = .3). Sex significantly moderated changes in body fat percent (F1,117 = 5.3, P = .02), fat mass (F1,116 = 4.5, P = .04), and fat-free mass (F1,116 = 4.3, P = .04). Intervention males compared with females had greater relative reductions in fat percent (-4.1 ± 0.8% vs -1.2 ± 0.7%, P = .02) and fat mass (-5.0 ± 1.1 kg vs -1.5 ± 0.9 kg, P = .02) and gained more fat free mass (3.6 ± 0.9 kg vs 0.5 ± 0.8 kg, P = .02) when compared with same sex controls. CONCLUSION Males and females exhibited a differential response to lifestyle intervention for percent fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass indicating that sex-specific improvements in body composition favours males over females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiley B. Vander Wyst
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Micah L. Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Colleen S. Keller
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Erica G. Soltero
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Allison N. Williams
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Armando Peña
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Stephanie L. Ayers
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Justin Jager
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Gabriel Q. Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona
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Gut V, Schmid J, Conzelmann A. The interaction of behavioral context and motivational-volitional factors for exercise and sport in adolescence: patterns matter. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:570. [PMID: 32345245 PMCID: PMC7189603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In order to generate more effective interventions to promote exercise and sport in adolescence, a better understanding of the interaction of influencing factors across different levels is needed. In particular, motivation and volition for exercise and sport, as well as the context in which adolescents are doing exercise and sport, have been identified as important factors. Behavioral context refers to both the organizational setting, e.g., doing exercise and sport in a club, and the social setting, e.g., doing exercise and sport with friends. Extending previous research, the present study applies a person-oriented approach and aims to identify typical behavioral context patterns and motivational-volitional patterns. To validate the patterns, it was examined whether they differ concerning the exercise and sport activity level. Furthermore, the study investigated how behavioral context patterns and motivational-volitional patterns interact. Method A cross-sectional design with 1155 adolescents (Mage = 15.29; 53% female) was applied. A latent profile analysis was used twice to identify typical patterns: once with eight organizational and social setting factors to examine behavioral context patterns, and once with five motivational-volitional factors to examine motivational-volitional patterns. To validate the patterns identified, the exercise and sport activity level were compared across the patterns using Wald-tests. Finally, transition probabilities and odds ratios were calculated in order to investigate the interaction of the behavioral context and motivational-volitional patterns. Results Four behavioral context patterns − differing in activity level − were identified: Mostly inactive, non-club-organized individualists, self-organized individualists and family sportspersons, and traditional competitive club athletes with friends. Furthermore, five motivational-volitional patterns emerged with differing activity levels: three level patterns with overall low, moderate or high motivation and volition, and two shape patterns called the intention- and plan-less and the plan-less motivated. Regarding interaction, the results indicate that one behavioral context pattern is not solely responsible for moderate to high motivation and volition in adolescents. Conclusion Applying a person-oriented approach allows a more differentiated view of how behavioral context and motivational-volitional factors interact within homogenous subgroups. This, in turn, provides a basis to design tailored multilevel interventions which account for the interaction of influencing factors across different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gut
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Schmid
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Achim Conzelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Seidu AA, Ahinkorah BO, Agbaglo E, Darteh EKM, Ameyaw EK, Budu E, Iddrisu H. Are senior high school students in Ghana meeting WHO's recommended level of physical activity? Evidence from the 2012 Global School-based Student Health Survey Data. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229012. [PMID: 32050008 PMCID: PMC7015424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity (PA) has both short- and long-term importance. In this study we sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of PA among 1,542 Senior High School (SHS) students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghana among SHS students using the 2012 version of the Ghana Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) data, which utilised two-stage cluster sampling technique. The population for the study comprised SHS students. The outcome variable was physical activity. The data were analysed using STATA version 14.2 for Mac OS. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed. At the bivariate level, Pearson chi-square test between each independent variable and PA was conducted and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%. All the significant variables from the chi-square test were selected for the multivariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, Poisson regression with robust variance was performed to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR). Results It was found that 25.0% (29.0% males and 21.9% females) of SHS students were physically active. Female students (APR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.94), students in SHS 2 (APR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.577, 0.941) and SHS3 (APR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63, 0.93), and those who went hungry (APR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65, 0.92) were less likely to be physically active compared to males, those in SHS1 and those who did not go hungry respectively. On the other hand, students who actively commuted to school (APR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.72, 2.42) and got support from their peers were more likely to be physically active (APR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.09–2.41). Conclusion Only a quarter of SHS students who participated in the 2012 version of the GSHS met the WHO’s recommended level of physical activity. Sex, grade/form and experience of hunger are associated with physical activity. Physical activity is a major component of any health promotion program. Policies and programmes targeting improvement in physical activity among SHS students should take these associated factors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ebenezer Agbaglo
- Department of English, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research (ACPPHR), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eugene Budu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Hawa Iddrisu
- Ghana Education Service, Techiman Municipal, Bono East Region, Techiman, Ghana
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Lawler M, Heary C, Nixon E. Peer Support and Role Modelling Predict Physical Activity Change among Adolescents over Twelve Months. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:1503-1516. [PMID: 31898771 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity levels decline during adolescence; however, some individuals initiate or maintain physical activity participation during this period of life. Socialisation impacts physical activity participation, yet few studies have explored the role of parental and peer processes concurrently on youth physical activity transitions over time. This study examined whether mother's father's and friends' support, modelling and teasing predicted adolescents' physical activity initiation, drop-off or maintenance over twelve months. In total, 803 adolescents (62.5% females, M age = 13.72) from Dublin, Ireland, completed self-report measures of support, modelling, teasing, and physical activity. Participants were classified as physical activity maintainers (17.8%), low active maintainers (58.8%), drop-offs (10.3%) or physical activity initiators (13.1%). The results revealed that parental support and modelling were unrelated to adolescents' physical activity transitions, however mother's and father's support predicted sustained physical activity participation twelve months later. In contrast, peer processes predicted physical activity maintenance, initiation and drop-off at one-year follow-up underscoring the salient role of peers for adolescents' behaviour change. In line with expectancy-value theory, the findings indicate that parents and peers represent distinct socialising agents that impart their influence on adolescents' physical activity maintenance and behaviour change through various mechanisms, highlighting the need to consider both sources of socialisation concurrently in future studies of adolescent behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Lawler
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Caroline Heary
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Nixon
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Miranda VPN, dos Santos Amorim PR, Bastos RR, Souza VGB, de Faria ER, do Carmo Castro Franceschini S, Priore SE. Evaluation of lifestyle of female adolescents through latent class analysis approach. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 30760240 PMCID: PMC6373094 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of regular physical activity, high sedentary behavior and presence of unbalanced alimentary practices are attitudes associated with an inadequate lifestyle among female adolescents. OBJECTIVE to assess the lifestyle of female adolescents based on measurements of behavioral variables. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 405 female adolescents between 14 and 19 years old, resident and attending public schools in Viçosa (state of Minas Gerais). Their lifestyle was analyzed by the Physical Activity Recall, number of steps, screen time (ST), cellphone time (CT), sitting time, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and alcohol and tobacco consumption. With multiple correspondence analysis it was possible to observe dispersion and approximation of the variables' categories. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used for modeling the "lifestyle" variable, having been conducted in the poLCA (Polychromous Variable Latent Class Analysis) package of the R statistical software. RESULTS The mean age was 15.92 ± 1.27 years. Most of the adolescents were considered physically inactive (78%) and with low number of steps (82.57%); 41.45% reported not performing Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities (MVPA) adequately. Sedentary behavior was found high when assessing ST (72.90%) and CT (65.31%). It was found the best fitted latent class model for the lifestyle (p-G2 = 0.055, p-χ2 = 0.066) featured three latent classes and one covariate (alcohol): Class 1, 'Inactive and Sedentary' (γ = 77.5%); Class 2, 'Inactive and Non-sedentary lifestyle (γ=16.31%); and Class 3, 'Active and sedentary' (γ=6.19%). Female adolescents that had 'never consumed alcohol' were 2.26 times as likely (log OR = 0.8174; p = 0.033) to belong to class 3 (Active & Sedentary lifestyle) than to class 1 (Inactive & Sedentary lifestyle). CONCLUSION Latent class analysis model with five manifest variable (MVPA, number of steps, ST, sitting time and number of meals) and alcohol consumption like covariate showed itself to be an accurate and objective method in the assessment of female adolescents' lifestyle. Female adolescents that had 'never consumed alcohol' were more as likely to belong to class 'Active & Sedentary lifestyle' than to class Inactive & Sedentary lifestyle. An inactive and sedentary lifestyle is coupled to other unhealthy behaviors during adolescence, possibly carrying over into adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Paulo Neves Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (UFJF), Laboratório de Informações Geo-referenciadas (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Rocha Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (UFJF), Laboratório de Informações Geo-referenciadas (UFJF), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Vitor Gabriel Barra Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (UFJF), Laboratório de Informações Geo-referenciadas (UFJF), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Baranowski T. Increasing physical activity among children and adolescents: Innovative ideas needed. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:1-5. [PMID: 30719376 PMCID: PMC6349620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
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