1
|
Ermak AD, Gavrilov DV, Novitskiy RE, Gusev AV, Andreychenko AE. Development, evaluation and validation of machine learning models to predict hospitalizations of patients with coronary artery disease within the next 12 months. Int J Med Inform 2024; 188:105476. [PMID: 38743996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved survival of patients after acute coronary syndromes, population growth, and overall life expectancy rise have led to a significant increase in the proportion of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), creating a significant load on the entire healthcare system. The disease often progresses with the development of many complications while significantly increasing the likelihood of hospitalization. Developing and applying a machine learning model for predicting hospitalizations of patients with CAD to an inpatient medical facility will allow for close monitoring of high-risk patients, early preventive interventions, and optimized medical care. AIMS Development and external validation of personalized models for predicting the preventable hospitalizations of patients with stable CAD and its complications using ML algorithms and data of real-world clinical practice. METHODS 135,873 depersonalized electronic health records of 49,103 patients with stable CAD were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements, physical examination results, laboratory, instrumental, anamnestic, and socio-demographic data, widely used in routine medical practice, were considered as potential predictors, a total of 73 features. Logistic regression, decision tree-based methods including gradient boosting (AdaBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost, CatBoost) and bagging (RandomForest and ExtraTrees), discriminant analysis (LinearDiscriminant, QuadraticDiscriminant), and naive Bayes classifier were compared. External validation was performed on the data of a separate region. RESULTS The best results and stability to external validation data were shown by the CatBoost model with an AUC of 0.875 (95% CI 0.865-0.885) for the internal testing and 0.872 (95% CI 0.856-0.886) for the external validation. The best model showed good performance evaluated through AUROC, Brier score and standardized net benefit (for the target NPV threshold) for the validation dataset that was only slightly similar to the train data. CONCLUSION The metrics of the best model were superior to previously published studies. The results of external validation demonstrated the relative stability of the model to new data from another region that confirms the possibility of the model's application in real clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander V Gusev
- Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics, Moscow, Russia; Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies, Moscow, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu F, Wong CKH, Ng APP, Li L, Fong DYT, Ip P, Tse ETY, Lam CLK. Effectiveness of a 5-year health empowerment programme on promoting cardiovascular health for adults from low-income families in Hong Kong. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 124:108240. [PMID: 38547639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a health empowerment programme (HEP) to enhance cardiovascular health for adults from low-income families. METHODS A prospective cohort study (N = 219, Intervention group: n = 103, comparison group: n = 116) was conducted with participants recruited from January 2013 to November 2015 and followed up until January 2022. Throughout the study duration, intervention group were invited to participate in the HEP. The cardiovascular health status of both groups at baseline and follow-up were assessed using the adapted Ideal Cardiovascular Health Index (ICHI) defined by the American Heart Association. After inverse propensity score weighting, multiple linear regression and Poisson regression were employed to examine the effects of the HEP. RESULTS The HEP was associated with a greater increase in ICHI total score (B = 0.33, p < 0.001), and the increase of proportion of people achieving a normal blood pressure (Incidence rate ratio: 3.39, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HEP can be an effective and sustainable strategy to reduce social disparities in cardiovascular health of adults from low-income families, as indicated by improvement in the ICHI total score and blood pressure status. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The sustainable HEP in the community setting has potential for generalizability and scalability to other financially challenged families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangcao Lu
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Carlos King Ho Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Amy Pui Pui Ng
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Daniel Yee Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Emily Tsui Yee Tse
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mi Y, Xue Z, Qu S, Yin Y, Huang J, Kou R, Wang X, Luo S, Li W, Tang Y. The economic burden of coronary heart disease in mainland China. Public Health 2023; 224:140-151. [PMID: 37797560 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the current economic burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) in mainland China and provide a reference for the formulation of policies to reduce the economic burden of CHD. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature review was conducted of empirical studies on the economic burden of CHD over the past 20 years. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and the WANFANG database were comprehensively searched for relevant articles published between 1 January 2000 and 22 December 2021. Content analysis was used to extract the data, and Stata 17.0 software was used for analysis. The median values were used to describe trends. RESULTS A total of 35 studies were included in this review. The annual median per-capita hospitalisation expense and the average expense per hospitalisation were $3544.40 ($891.64-$18,371.46) and $5407.34 ($1139.93-$8277.55), respectively. The median ratio on medical consumables expenses, drug expenses, medical examination expenses and treatment expenses were 41.59% (12.40%-63.73%), 26.90% (7.30%-60.00%), 9.45% (1.65%-33.40%) and 10.10% (2.36%-66.00%), respectively. The median per-capita hospitalisation expense in the eastern, central and western regions were $9374.45 ($2056.13-$18,371.46), $4751.5 ($2951.95-$8768.93) and $3251.25 ($891.64-$13,986.38), respectively. The median average expense per hospitalisation in the eastern and central regions were $6177.15 ($1679.15-$8277.55) and $1285.49 ($1239.93-$2197.36), respectively. The median average length of stay in the eastern, central and western regions were 9.3 days, 15.2 days and 16.1 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The economic burden of CHD is more severe in mainland China than in developed countries, especially in terms of the direct economic burden. In terms of the types of direct medical expenses, a proportion of medical examination expenses, treatment expenses and drug expenses were lowest in the eastern region, but medical consumables expenses were the highest in this region. This study provides guidance for the formulation of policies to reduce the economic burden of CHD in mainland China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Mi
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Z Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - S Qu
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Y Yin
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao, PR China
| | - J Huang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - R Kou
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - X Wang
- Personnel Department, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - S Luo
- School of Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - W Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China.
| | - Y Tang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ekinci G. Economic Impacts of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Econometric Evaluation in Turkey. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 52:118-127. [PMID: 36824237 PMCID: PMC9941436 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i1.11673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The study aimed to determine the impact of the burden of cardiovascular diseases on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Turkey. Methods GDP was taken as the dependent variable and the burden of cardiovascular diseases was taken as the independent variable. The variables were analyzed within the frame of Panel Data Analysis. Results Significant relationships were found between GDP and burden of cardiovascular diseases. The unidirectional Granger causality relationship was determined from burden of cardiovascular diseases to GDP and revealed that they acted together in the long term. The analysis that made with using econometric regression models revealed that generally 1 unit increased in per capita of cardiovascular diseases decreased GDP by between 477651.8 - 624485.6 units (PPP$). Conclusion The empirical results of the study revealed that the cardiovascular disease burden was one of the reasons for the decrease in GDP and their economic effects would continue in the long term in Turkey. From this perspective establishing and implementing policies to improve the burden of cardiovascular diseases in Turkey could be an important approach for the economic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülay Ekinci
- Health Management Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Öğretim Üyesi/Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Zhang J. Disease burden and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in China during 1990-2019 based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 report: A systematic analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:973317. [PMID: 36408039 PMCID: PMC9670122 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.973317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the disease burden and risk factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in China, during 1990-2019, through a systematic analysis using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 report in order to provide first-hand information for primary and secondary prevention of IHD in China. Methods Data on the rates of incidence, death, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IHD were obtained from GBD2019 to determine the disease burden and risk factors of IHD in China. Results The rates of incidence, death, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of IHD in China increased at different levels during 1990-2019. The annual rate of change in incidence, death, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of IHD were 1.31%, 1.57%, 0.93%, 1.14%, and 0.94%, respectively. In 2019, the YLDs of IHD in Chinese women were higher, while the rates of incidence and death, YLLs, and DALYs were lower in Chinese women than in Chinese men. The disease burden of IHD had significant age differences, and people aged ≥70 years had the highest disease burden. A total of 24 risk factors were associated with the rates of death and DALYs of IHD, and the five most significant risk factors were high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and intake of a high-sodium diet. From 1990 to 2019, a high annual rate of change in IHD-related deaths and DALYs was observed due to ambient particulate matter pollution, high body mass index (BMI), and intake of a diet high in processed meat. Conclusion The results of the study revealed that the disease burden of IHD in China was on the rise, especially in people aged ≥70 years. The main disease burden of IHD in male patients was premature death and that in female patients was disability. Environmental, behavioral, and metabolic factors were considered the three main risks of the disease burden of IHD, with metabolic factors having the greatest impact. Therefore, periodic health check-ups and high-risk factor interventions for key populations should be strengthened from the grassroots level, which are conducive to further reducing the disease burden of IHD in China.
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe A, Momo K, Tanaka K, Uchikura T, Kiryu Y, Niiyama K, Kodaira N, Matsuzaki A, Sasaki T. Identification of the Components of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker That Lead to Cardiovascular Events in Working-Age Individuals: A 12-Month Retrospective Cohort Study Using a Large Claims Database. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1373-1377. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Watanabe
- Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Kenji Momo
- Department of Hospital Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Showa University
| | - Katsumi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital
| | | | - Yoshihiro Kiryu
- Department of Pharmacy, M&B Collaboration Medical corporation Hokuetsu Hospital
| | | | | | - Airi Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Almarzooq ZI. The cost of coronary heart disease and the promise of prevention. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:e213-e215. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid I Almarzooq
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jalali FS, Bikineh P, Delavari S. Strategies for reducing out of pocket payments in the health system: a scoping review. COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2021; 19:47. [PMID: 34348717 PMCID: PMC8336090 DOI: 10.1186/s12962-021-00301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct out-of-pocket payments (OOP) are among the most important financing mechanisms in many health systems, especially in developing countries, adversely affecting equality and leading vulnerable groups to poverty. Therefore, this scoping review study was conducted to identify the strategies involving OOP reduction in health systems. Methods Articles published in English on strategies related to out-of-pocket payments were Searched and retrieved in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases between January 2000 and November 2020, following PRISMA guidelines. As a result, 3710 papers were retrieved initially, and 40 were selected for full-text assessment. Results Out of 40 papers included, 22 (55%) and 18 (45%) of the study were conducted in developing and developed countries, respectively. The strategies were divided into four categories based on health system functions: health system stewardship, creating resources, health financing mechanisms, and delivering health services.As well, developing and developed countries applied different types of strategies to reduce OOP. Conclusion The present review identified some strategies that affect the OOP payments According to the health system functions framework. Considering the importance of stewardship, creating resources, the health financing mechanisms, and delivering health services in reducing OOP, this study could help policymakers make better decisions for reducing OOP expenditures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faride Sadat Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Bikineh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sajad Delavari
- Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tung BW, Ng ZY, Kristanto W, Saw KW, Chan SP, Sia W, Chan KH, Chan M, Kong W, Lee R, Loh JP, Low AF, Poh KK, Tay E, Tan HC, Yeo TC, Loh PH. Characteristics and outcomes of young patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: retrospective analysis in a multiethnic Asian population. Open Heart 2021; 8:e001437. [PMID: 33441469 PMCID: PMC7812097 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with significant mortality leading to loss of productive life years, especially in younger patients. This study aims to compare the characteristics and outcomes of young versus older patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) to help focus public health efforts in STEMI prevention. METHODS Data from the Coronary Care Unit database of the National University Hospital, Singapore from July 2015 to June 2019 were reviewed. Patients were divided into young (<50 years old) or older (≥50 years old) groups. RESULTS Of the 1818 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI, 465 (25.6%) were <50 years old. Young compared with older patients were more likely to be male, current smokers, of Indian ethnicity, have family history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and had lower 1 year mortality (3.4% vs 10.4%, p<0.0001). Although diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia was less common among young patients, the prevalence of having any one of these risk factors was high in the range of 28% to 38%. Age was an independent predictor of mortality in the older but not younger patients with STEMI, and diabetes showed a trend towards mortality in both groups. CONCLUSION Young patients with STEMI are more often smokers, of Indian ethnicity and had family history of IHD, although cardiometabolic risk factors are also prevalent. Mortality is lower, but not negligible, among the young patients with STEMI. Public health efforts are needed to reduce the prevalence of these risk factors among the constitutionally susceptible population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wl Tung
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe Yan Ng
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - William Kristanto
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Cardiology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Siew-Pang Chan
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winnie Sia
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
| | - Koo Hui Chan
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Chan
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - William Kong
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronald Lee
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Joshua P Loh
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian F Low
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Keong Poh
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edgar Tay
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huay Cheem Tan
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poay Huan Loh
- Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Silva DAS. Physical inactivity as a risk factor to mortality by ischemic heart disease during economic and political crisis in Brazil. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10192. [PMID: 33088632 PMCID: PMC7568855 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the burden of mortality due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to low levels of physical activity in the Brazilian population (aged ≥ 25 years) before, during and after economic and political crises (2007–2017). Methods This study was focused on IHD as a cause of death. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases (10th revision) codes related to IHD have been mapped. The data used for the physical activity estimates of the present study refer to surveys with random sampling carried out in the Brazilian territory that considers all domains of physical activity. The contribution of physical activity for mortality due to IHD was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach. In addition, we verified the association between mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity according to the Socio-demographic Index of the Brazilian states. Results For males it was estimated that in 2007 and 2017 there were, respectively, 9,585 and 11,821 deaths due to IHD as a result low physical activity. For females there were 8,689 deaths in 2007 and 10,779 deaths in 2017 due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. From 2007 to 2017, there was 12.0% (for males) and 16.0% (for females) of reduction in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity. This reduction was not observed in the Northern and Northeastern regions of Brazil for the male population. Brazilian states with better socioeconomic conditions showed greater reductions in age-adjusted mortality rate due to IHD attributable to low physical activity (male: ρ = −0.74; female: ρ = −0.54) Conclusion The fiscal austerity policies implemented and the lower investment in social programs in the period of economic and political crisis highlighted the social inequalities between Brazilian geographic regions for the burden of mortality due to IHD attributable to low levels of physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Savira F, Wang BH, Kompa AR, Ademi Z, Owen AJ, Liew D, Zomer E. The impact of coronary heart disease prevention on work productivity: a 10-year analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 28:418-425. [PMID: 33624015 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the impact of preventing new (incident) cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) on years of life and productivity, using the novel measure 'productivity-adjusted life year' (PALY), over the next 10 years. METHODS AND RESULTS A dynamic life table model was constructed for the total Australian working-age population (15-69 years) over 10 years (2020-2029), separated by CHD status. Productivity estimates were sourced from the literature. The PALY was ascribed a financial value in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) per equivalent full-time worker. The total number of years lived, PALYs, and economic burden (in terms of GDP per PALY) were estimated. The model simulation was repeated assuming incidence was reduced, and the differences represented the impact of CHD prevention. All outcomes were discounted by 5% per annum. Over 10 years, the total projected years lived and PALYs in the Australian working-age population (with and without CHD) were 133 million and 83 million, respectively, amounting to A$17.2 trillion in GDP. We predicted more than 290 000 new (incident) CHD cases over the next 10 years. If all new cases of CHD could be prevented during this period, a total of 4 000 deaths could be averted, resulting in more than 8 000 years of life saved and 104 000 PALYs gained, equivalent to a gain of nearly A$21.8 billion (US$14.8 billion) in GDP. CONCLUSION Prevention of CHD will prolong years of life lived and productive life years, resulting in substantial economic benefit. Policy makers and employers are encouraged to engage in preventive measures addressing CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feby Savira
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.,Biomarker Discovery Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew R Kompa
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, 37 Regent St, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ella Zomer
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uli RE, Satyana RPU, Zomer E, Magliano D, Liew D, Ademi Z. Health and productivity burden of coronary heart disease in the working Indonesian population using life-table modelling. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039221. [PMID: 32912956 PMCID: PMC7482464 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The impact of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its effect on work productivity at a population level remains unknown in Indonesia. This study estimates the health and productivity lost to CHD in terms of years of life, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A life-table model was constructed to simulate the experiences of Indonesians currently aged 15-54 years (working age) with CHD, followed-up to 55 years (retirement age). The life-table analysis was then repeated assuming that the cohort did not have CHD. Differences in the results reflected the impact of CHD. Demographical, prevalence and mortality data were based on the 2017 Global Burden of Disease study and 2018 Indonesian National Health Survey. Costs, productivity indices and utilities were derived from published sources. The cost of each PALY was assumed to be equivalent to gross domestic product per equivalent full-time worker (US$11 765). Future costs and outcomes were discounted by 3% annually. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in total deaths, years of life and PALYs represented the impact of CHD. RESULTS At present, 1 954 543 (1.45%) Indonesians of working-age have CHD. By retirement age, it was estimated that CHD resulted in 32 492 (36.6%) excess deaths, 128 132 (0.5%) years of life lost, 2 331 495 (10.5%) QALYs lost and 1 589 490 (6.9%) PALYs lost. The economic impact of lost productivity amounted to US$33.3 billion, and healthcare costs to US$139 billion. CONCLUSION The health and economic burden of CHD in Indonesia looms large. This highlights the importance of its prevention and control, strategies for which, if effective, will deliver financial return.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina E Uli
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Daerah Istimewa Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Regina P U Satyana
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- University of Indonesia Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, Daerah Istimewa Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ella Zomer
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianna Magliano
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|