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Bian W, Yu H, Zhang X, Wang Y, Ni B. Particulate matters 2.5 induce tumor progression in lung cancer by increasing the activity of hnRNPA2B1 resulting in retarding mRNA decay of oxidative phosphorylation. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:563-576. [PMID: 38450584 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been implicated in lung injury and various cancers, yet its precise mechanistic role remains elusive. To elucidate the key signaling pathways underpinning PM2.5-induced lung cancer progression, we embarked on a study examining the impact of PM2.5 both in vitro and in vivo. Lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H157, were employed for the in vitro investigations. Overexpression or knockdown techniques targeting the hnRNPA2B1 protein were implemented. Lung cancer cells were treated with a medium containing PM2.5 and subsequently prepared for in vitro evaluations. Cell growth, invasion, and migration were gauged using transwell and CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis was ascertained through flow cytometry and western blotting of pertinent proteins. Seahorse analyses probed the influence of PM2.5 on lung cancer energy metabolism. The RNA stability assay was employed to discern the impact of PM2.5 on the stability of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in lung cancer. Our findings revealed that PM2.5 augmented cell proliferation, migration, and invasion rates. Similarly, a diminished apoptosis rate was observed in PM2.5-treated cells. Elevated expression of hnRNPA2B1 was detected in lung cancer cells exposed to PM2.5. Moreover, in cells treated with PM2.5, hnRNPA2B1 knockdown markedly curtailed cell proliferation by inducing G1-S cell cycle arrest and bolstered lung cancer cell apoptosis in vitro; it also curbed xenograft tumor growth. Mechanistically, our data suggest that PM2.5 undermines the stability of mRNA transcripts associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and augments the formation of processing bodies (P-bodies), leading to an upsurge in OXPHOS levels. In conclusion, PM2.5 appears to drive lung cancer progression and migration by modulating the energy metabolism of lung cancer in a hnRNPA2B1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Cheng SYH, Hsu YC, Cheng SP. An ecological analysis of associations between ambient air pollution and cancer incidence rates in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29162-29173. [PMID: 38565820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is deemed a human carcinogen and can be linked to certain types of cancer other than lung cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the pollutant-cancer associations in a population-level cohort. We obtained the annual age-standardized incidence rates of 28 different cancer types between 2015 to 2019 from the Taiwan Cancer Registry. Outdoor concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ground-level ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO) between 2001 to 2010 were retrieved from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were used to determine the combined effects of five air pollutants on the relationship to cancer incidence rates after controlling for sex ratio, age, average disposable income per household, overweight/obesity prevalence, current smoking rate, and drinking rate. Trend analyses showed that NO2 and CO concentrations tended to decrease, while SO2 concentrations increased in some counties. WQS regression analyses revealed significantly positive correlations between air pollutants and liver cancer, lung and tracheal cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, kidney cancer, and small intestine cancer. Altogether, the results from this ecological study unravel that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with the incidence of several non-lung cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Center for Astronautical Physics and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Felici A, Peduzzi G, Giorgolo F, Spinelli A, Calderisi M, Monreale A, Farinella R, Pellungrini R, Canzian F, Campa D. The local environment and germline genetic variation predict cancer risk in the UK Biobank prospective cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117562. [PMID: 37944693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence on the effect of the local environment exposure on cancer susceptibility. Nonetheless, several of the associations remain controversial. Moreover, our understanding of the possible interaction between the local environment and the genetic variability is still very limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the role of the local environment and its possible interplay with genetics on common cancers development. METHODS Using the UK Biobank (UKBB) prospective cohort, we selected 12 local environment exposures: nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxides, particulate matter (10 and 2.5 μm), noise pollution, urban traffic, living distance from the coast, percentage of greenspace, natural environment, water, and domestic garden within 1000 m from the residential coordinates of each participant. All these exposures were tested for association with 17 different types of cancer for a total of 53,270 cases and 302,645 controls. Additionally, a polygenic score (PGS) was computed for each cancer, to test possible gene-environment interactions. Finally, mediation analyses were carried out. RESULTS Thirty-six statistically significant associations considering multiple testing (p < 2.19 × 10-4) were observed. Among the novel associations we observed that individuals living farther from the coast had a higher risk of developing prostate cancer (OR = 1.13, CI95% = 1.06-1.20, P = 1.98 × 10-4). This association was partially mediated by physical activity (indirect effect (IE) = -8.48 × 10-7) and the time spent outdoor (IE = 9.07 × 10-6). All PGSs showed statistically significant associations. Finally, genome-environment interaction analysis showed that local environment and genetic variability affect cancer risk independently. DISCUSSION Living close to the coast and air pollution were associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer and skin melanoma, respectively. These findings from the UKBB support the role of the local environment on cancer development, which is independent from genetics and may be mediated by several lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Monreale
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Campa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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He Y, Liu WT, Lin S, Li Z, Qiu H, Yim SHL, Chuang HC, Ho KF. The joint association of ambient air pollution and different sleep posture with mild obstructive sleep apnea: A study conducted at Taipei Sleep Center. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166531. [PMID: 37633386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests the detrimental impact of supine position and air pollution on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as well as the potential benefits of nonsupine positions. However, their interaction effects on OSA remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the interaction effects of air pollution (NO2/PM2.5) and sleep position on OSA on additive and multiplicative scales. METHODS This study included 3330 individuals. Personal exposure to air pollution was assessed using a spatiotemporal model. OSA was diagnosed through polysomnography. The associations of supine and nonsupine positions and air pollutants with mild-OSA and their interaction effects on mild-OSA. were explored through generalized logistic regression. RESULTS Supine position and high NO2 level independently increased the risk of mild-OSA, while PM2.5 was not associated with mild-OSA. Significant interactions were observed between supine position and NO2 at different lag periods (0-7 days, 0-1 year, and 0-2 years) (P = 0.042, 0.013, and 0.010, respectively). The relative excess risks due to interactions on the additive scale for 1-week, 1-year, and 2-year NO2 exposure and supine position were 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.10-1.16), 0.56 (95 % CI: 0.13-0.99), and 0.64 (95 % CI: 0.18-1.10); the corresponding odds ratios for interactions on the multiplicative scale were 1.45 (95 % CI: 1.01-2.07), 1.55 (95 % CI: 1.09-2.22), and 1.60 (95 % CI: 1.12-2.28). The positive interactions persisted in men and participants with obesity. No interaction was observed between nonsupine position and NO2 levels; nevertheless, significant interactions were noted on both the negative additive and multiplicative scales in men. CONCLUSION Prolonged supine sleep significantly increased the risk of mild-OSA, particularly in men and individuals with obesity. Although the benefits of nonsupine position are considerably less than the risks of NO2 exposure, avoiding prolonged supine sleep may reduce the risk of mild-OSA caused by high levels of NO2 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu He
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shangyang Lin
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Steve Hung Lam Yim
- The Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.
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Li M, Liao K, Nowakowska M, Wehner M, shih YCT. Disparity in initiation of checkpoint inhibitors among commercially insured and Medicare Advantage patients with metastatic melanoma. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2023; 29:1232-1241. [PMID: 37889870 PMCID: PMC10776259 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.11.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma, but racial disparities in melanoma outcomes continue. These inequities are not fully explained by individual factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of neighborhood factors with the use of ICIs in metastatic melanoma. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of commercially insured US adults with metastatic melanoma diagnosed between January 2011 and December 2020. We examined the associations between the county-level percentage of population from racial and ethnic minority groups and the time from metastatic melanoma diagnosis to initiating ICIs using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for patient characteristics. RESULTS: We identified 4,052 patients with metastatic melanoma, of which 49% used ICIs. We found that the adoption of ICIs in a county declined with increasing minority quintile (quintile 1: 52.4%, quintile 2: 50.4%, quintile 3: 50.1%, quintile 4: 45.8%, and quintile 5: 44.7%). The delay in ICI initiation also went up as the percentage of minorities in a county increased (log-rank test P = 0.03). Compared with the lowest quintile, the adjusted hazard ratio of ICI initiation of the second, third, fourth, and highest minority quintile was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.81-1.08), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.76-1.02), 0.81 (95% CI = 0.68-0.97), and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.66-0.91), respectively. Secondary analysis revealed that the slower initiation was driven by the counties with the highest percentage of Hispanic population (hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.61-0.89) in both Cox models and sensitivity analyses. High-minority counties correlated with metro areas, higher poverty levels, and a greater number of medical oncologists. CONCLUSIONS: We found that patients with metastatic melanoma living in counties with higher proportion of minorities, particularly of Hispanic origin, are more likely to experience delays in ICI treatment. This study provides important population-level data on neighborhood-level disparity in medication use. More research is needed on the underlying provider- and system-level factors that directly contributed to the lower use of cancer medicines in high-minority areas, which can help inform the development of evidence-based medication use strategies that can improve health outcomes and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, Houston
| | - Kaiping Liao
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, Houston
| | | | - Mackenzie Wehner
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, Houston
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Houston
| | - Ya-Chen Tina shih
- University of California Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology
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Gan T, Bambrick H, Tong S, Hu W. Air pollution and liver cancer: A systematic review. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 126:817-826. [PMID: 36503807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has previously been linked to several adverse health outcomes, but the potential association between air pollution and liver cancer remains unclear. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to 10 October 2021, and manually reviewed the references of relevant papers to further identify any related literature investigating possible associations between air pollution and liver cancer. Risk estimates values were represented by statistical associations based on quantitative analyses. A total of 13 cohort studies obtained from 11 articles were included, with 10,961,717 participants. PM2.5 was the most frequently examined pollutant (included in 11 studies), followed by NO2 and NOx (included in 6 studies), and fewer studies focused on other pollutants (PM2.5 absorbance, PM10, PM2.5-10, O3, and BC). In all the 16 associations for liver cancer mortality, 14 associations reported the effect of PM2.5 on liver cancer mortality. Eight associations on PM2.5 were significant, showing a suggestive association between PM2.5 and liver cancer mortality. Among 24 associations shown by risk estimates for liver cancer incidence, most associations were not statistically significant. For other air pollutants, no positive associations were presented in these studies. PM2.5 was the most frequently examined pollutant, followed by NO2 and NOx, and fewer studies focused on other pollutants. PM2.5 was associated with liver cancer mortality, but there was no association for other air pollutants. Future research should use advanced statistical methods to further assess the impact of multiple air pollutants on liver cancer in the changing socio-environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Sharma N. Outdoor air pollution and oral cancer: critical viewpoints and future prospects. Future Oncol 2023; 19:409-411. [PMID: 36942734 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin C Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Gargi S Sarode
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Dr DY Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Cancer & Translational Research Laboratory, Dr DY Patil Institute of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Dr DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411018, India
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Zhang M, Dai X, Chen G, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ding C, Chang Y, Huang H. The Association between Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Prostate Cancer and Environmental Factors in Mainland China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:208-216. [PMID: 36484983 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are increasing. In this study, we analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in China and explored the potential associations of socioeconomic, ecological, and meteorologic conditions. METHODS Spatial-temporal scan statistics were used to analyze the spatial-temporal patterns of prostate cancer in China from 2012 to 2016. Spatial regression models and the Geodetector method were used to explore the potential associations of anthropogenic and natural factors with prostate cancer. RESULTS The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China from 2012 to 2016 rapidly increased. The high incidence and mortality clusters were concentrated in the economically developed Yangtze River Delta region along the southeast coast. Among the 14 selected environmental factors, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population density, comprehensive index of environmental pollution discharge, accessibility of health care resources, urbanization rate, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had significant positive correlations with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. GDP per capita, urbanization rate, and population density had high explanatory power. CONCLUSIONS The high-concentration areas for prostate cancer are located in more economically developed cities. The index of environmental pollution discharge, NO2, and prostate cancer incidence and mortality were positively correlated. The government should advocate increasing the use of clean energy while strengthening the regulation of industrial production to reduce pollutant emissions. IMPACT To inform the development of prevention and control strategies for prostate cancer in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuchao Dai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiang Chang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Healthy China, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Sciences and Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Incidence trends and spatial distributions of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1655. [PMID: 36717588 PMCID: PMC9887070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in Taiwan. After Taiwan implemented the Tobacco Hazards Prevention Act in 1997, smoking rates declined. However, the incidence rates of lung cancer for both sexes are still increasing, possibly due to risk factors other than smoking. We used age-period-cohort analysis to examine the secular trends of lung cancer incidence rates by histological type in Taiwan. A stabilized kriging method was employed to map these lung cancer incidence rates. Lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates increased, but lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates decreased, for both the sexes in recent birth cohorts, particularly in women. In Taiwan, the hotspots of lung adenocarcinoma incidence rates were in the northern, northeastern, and western coastal areas; the incidence rates increased rapidly in the western and southern coastal regions and southern mountainous regions. The high incidence rates of lung squamous cell carcinoma in men were in the southwestern and northeastern coastal areas. The incidence rates rapidly increased in the central and southern coastal and mountainous regions. For both sexes in Taiwan, lung squamous cell carcinoma incidence rates declined from 1997 to 2017, but lung adenocarcinoma increased. The increased incidence rates of lung adenocarcinoma may be related to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Some areas in Taiwan have increasing lung cancer incidence rates, including the northwestern and southern coasts and mountains, and warrant particular attention.
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Cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and possible causes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04430-2. [PMID: 36350411 PMCID: PMC9645346 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease in which some cells of the body grow uncontrollably and occasionally spread to other parts of the body. With a group of more than 100 different types, cancer can start almost anywhere in the body. Defective cells may form a mass called a tumor which can be cancerous (malignant), which grows and spreads to other parts of the body, or benign that can grow but not spread throughout the body. In 2021, more than 10 million people died of cancer worldwide (1 out of 6 deaths). This paper has thoroughly investigated the cancer status in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), in terms of its various types; incidence; mortality; sex, age, and geography distribution; and potential causes. In the OPT, with a population of 5.35 million, cancer mortality was 14% in 2016, being the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases accounting 30.6% of all causes of death. Cancer mortality in the OPT increased by 136% from 2000 to 2016, and by 14% from 2016 to 2020. In addition to other types of cancer in the OPT, its main types are lung (highest in males), breast (highest in females), colorectal (highest in both sexes), and leukemia (highest in children). The high rates of different types of cancer in the OPT can be attributed to various causes, including those related to environmental pollution, nutrition, stress, and lifestyle factors (smoking, lack of activity, increased dependence on technologies, etc.), whereas only 10–30% of cancer cases are attributed to genetics.
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Single CT Appointment for Double Lung and Colorectal Cancer Screening: Is the Time Ripe? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102326. [PMID: 36292015 PMCID: PMC9601268 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual screening of lung cancer (LC) with chest low-dose computed tomography (CT) and screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) with CT colonography every 5 years are recommended by the United States Prevention Service Task Force. We review epidemiological and pathological data on LC and CRC, and the features of screening chest low-dose CT and CT colonography comprising execution, reading, radiation exposure and harm, and the cost effectiveness of the two CT screening interventions. The possibility of combining chest low-dose CT and CT colonography examinations for double LC and CRC screening in a single CT appointment is then addressed. We demonstrate how this approach appears feasible and is already reasonable as an opportunistic screening intervention in 50–75-year-old subjects with smoking history and average CRC risk. In addition to the crucial role Computer Assisted Diagnosis systems play in decreasing the test reading times and the need to educate radiologists in screening chest LDCT and CT colonography, in view of a single CT appointment for double screening, the following uncertainties need to be solved: (1) the schedule of the screening CT; (2) the effectiveness of iterative reconstruction and deep learning algorithms affording an ultra-low-dose CT acquisition technique and (3) management of incidental findings. Resolving these issues will imply new cost-effectiveness analyses for LC screening with chest low dose CT and for CRC screening with CT colonography and, especially, for the double LC and CRC screening with a single-appointment CT.
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Wu DW, Cheng YC, Wang CW, Hung CH, Chen PS, Chu-Sung Hu S, Richard Lin CH, Chen SC, Kuo CH. Impact of the synergistic effect of pneumonia and air pollutants on newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis in southern Taiwan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113215. [PMID: 35367429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among patients with pulmonary diseases exposed to air pollution has been reported. OBJECTIVE To comprehensively investigate the association between pneumonia (PN) and air pollution with PTB through a large-scale follow-up study. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using data from the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Research Database and the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Database. We included adult patients with PN, PTB and other comorbidities according to ICD-9 codes. Control subjects without PN were matched by age, sex and ten comorbidities to each PN patient at a ratio of 4:1. RESULTS A total of 82,590 subjects were included. The PTB incidence rate was significantly higher in the PN group (2,391/100,000) than in the control group (1,388/100,000). The crude hazard ratio (HR) of PN-associated PTB incidence decreased with time, and the overall 7 years the HR (95% confidence interval; CI) was 1.74 (1.55-1.96). The overall adjusted HR and 95% CI of PN-related PTB in the multivariate Cox regression analysis was 3.38 (2.98-3.84). In addition, there was a cumulative lag effect of all air pollutants within 30 days of exposure. The peak adjusted HRs for PTB were noted on the 3rd, 8th, 12th and 12th days of PM2.5, O3, SO2 and NO exposure, respectively. The overall peak HRs (95% CI) of PM2.5, O3, SO2 and NO were 1.145 (1.139-1.152), 1.153 (1.145-1.161), 1.909 (1.839-1.982) and 1.312 (1.259-1.367), respectively, and there was a synergistic effect with pneumonia on the risk of PTB. CONCLUSIONS A strong association was found between past episodes of PN and the future risk of PTB. In addition, air pollutants including PM2.5, SO2, O3 and NO, together with previous episodes of PN, had both long-term and short-term impact on the incidence of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program, Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Cheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shih Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Stephen Chu-Sung Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Richard Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 812, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
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13
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Silva M, Milanese G, Ledda RE, Nayak SM, Pastorino U, Sverzellati N. European lung cancer screening: valuable trial evidence for optimal practice implementation. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20200260. [PMID: 34995141 PMCID: PMC10993986 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer screening (LCS) by low-dose computed tomography is a strategy for secondary prevention of lung cancer. In the last two decades, LCS trials showed several options to practice secondary prevention in association with primary prevention, however, the translation from trial to practice is everything but simple. In 2020, the European Society of Radiology and European Respiratory Society published their joint statement paper on LCS. This commentary aims to provide the readership with detailed description about hurdles and potential solutions that could be encountered in the practice of LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Silva
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Milanese
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta E Ledda
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
| | - Sundeep M Nayak
- Department of Radiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern
California, San Leandro,
California, USA
| | - Ugo Pastorino
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale
Tumori, Milano,
Italy
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery
(DiMeC), University of Parma,
Parma, Italy
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14
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Silva M, Picozzi G, Sverzellati N, Anglesio S, Bartolucci M, Cavigli E, Deliperi A, Falchini M, Falaschi F, Ghio D, Gollini P, Larici AR, Marchianò AV, Palmucci S, Preda L, Romei C, Tessa C, Rampinelli C, Mascalchi M. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening: position paper from the Italian college of thoracic radiology. Radiol Med 2022; 127:543-559. [PMID: 35306638 PMCID: PMC8934407 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-022-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer (LC), which is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Independent randomized controlled trials, governmental and inter-governmental task forces, and meta-analyses established that LC screening (LCS) with chest low dose computed tomography (LDCT) decreases the mortality of LC in smokers and former smokers, compared to no-screening, especially in women. Accordingly, several Italian initiatives are offering LCS by LDCT and smoking cessation to about 10,000 high-risk subjects, supported by Private or Public Health Institutions, envisaging a possible population-based screening program. Because LDCT is the backbone of LCS, Italian radiologists with LCS expertise are presenting this position paper that encompasses recommendations for LDCT scan protocol and its reading. Moreover, fundamentals for classification of lung nodules and other findings at LDCT test are detailed along with international guidelines, from the European Society of Thoracic Imaging, the British Thoracic Society, and the American College of Radiology, for their reporting and management in LCS. The Italian College of Thoracic Radiologists produced this document to provide the basics for radiologists who plan to set up or to be involved in LCS, thus fostering homogenous evidence-based approach to the LDCT test over the Italian territory and warrant comparison and analyses throughout National and International practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Silva
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy.
- Unit of "Scienze Radiologiche", University Hospital of Parma, Pad. Barbieri, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Giulia Picozzi
- Istituto Di Studio Prevenzione E Rete Oncologica, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nicola Sverzellati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, Parma, Italy
- Unit of "Scienze Radiologiche", University Hospital of Parma, Pad. Barbieri, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Domenico Ghio
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Rita Larici
- Dipartimento Di Diagnostica Per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Alfonso V Marchianò
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- UOC Radiologia 1, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche E Tecnologie Avanzate "GF Ingrassia", Università Di Catania, AOU Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco", Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Preda
- IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche E Pediatriche, Università Degli Studi Di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Tessa
- Radiologia Apuane E Lunigiana, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mario Mascalchi
- Istituto Di Studio Prevenzione E Rete Oncologica, Firenze, Italy
- Università Di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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15
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Discussion on the Purchase Factors and the User Demands of Electric Scooters from the Perspective of Consumers’ Life Style—A Case Study on Gogoro. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and popularization of the concept of a sustainable environment, the green energy industry represented by electric scooters has entered a vigorous development period. However, consumers are reluctant to buy electric scooters, resulting in low sales, which is limiting the development of the electric scooter industry. Therefore, from the perspective of different consumer life styles, this study explored the impact on the purchasing decisions and user demands, so as to inform design strategy for the development of a sustainable electric scooter industry. This study adopted the methods of expert interview and questionnaire survey, used the self-made consumer life style and electric scooter product attribute scale as the research tool, and carried out quantitative analysis with the help of statistical software. It showed that compared with consumers’ awareness of environmental protection, product performance is the key factor that attracts consumers to buy electric scooters, More than consumers’ awareness of environmental protection, our study showed that product performance is the primary determinate of a consumers’s decision to purchase electric scooters. The consumer of the electric scooter can be categorized into three life style groups: “brand-conscious group”, “environmental and cost saving group” and “trendy adventurers group”. Outside of the “environmental and cost savings” group, the least important attribute that drive purchasing decisions was environmental sustainability. This can also inform more effective governmental policies and education to promote greater environmental protection. Each life style consumer group prioritizes different product attributes; therefore, electric scooter manufacturers should view each group as distinct market segments and draw up different product design and marketing strategies.
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16
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Association of Urban Liveability with Cancer Incidence in Iran: A Nationwide Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Urban liveability is a multidimensional concept associated with many domains of human health. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the association between urban liveability and cancer incidence in Iran. Methods: The data of provincial-level urban liveability were obtained from reliable sources. The data of cancer incidence were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2016. Urban liveability scores were determined in all provinces of Iran by utilizing the Global Liveable City Index (GLCI) method. Negative binomial Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between urban liveability and cancer incidence. Results: Provinces with a higher urban liveability had a higher likelihood of cancer incidence. Higher economic score was significantly associated with higher incidence in colorectal (IRR = 1.49, P = 0.005), liver (IRR = 1.48, P = 0.002), leukemia (IRR = 1.39, P = 0.005), lung (IRR = 1.39, P = 0.039), breast (IRR = 1.38, P = 0.011), and prostate cancers (IRR = 2.11, P < 0.001). Also, provinces with higher environmental friendliness and sustainability had significantly more stomach (IRR = 1.53, P = 0.004), colorectal (1.79, P < 0.001), lung (IRR = 1.43, P = 0.014), and prostate (IRR = 1.50, P = 0.032) cancer incidence. Provinces with higher political governance had significantly more breast cancer (IRR = 1.34, P = 0.002) and leukemia (IRR = 1.30, P = 0.016) incidence rates. Conclusions: Along with the development of urban liveability, the incidence of cancers is increasing in Iran. Cancer control strategies should be implemented especially in settings with higher urbanization.
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Soltan-Abad RM, Kheirouri S, Abbasi MM, Alizadeh M, Khordadmehr M. Effect of sulfur dioxide exposure on histopathology and morphometry of pancreatic islet cells and glycemic indices in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:45739-45744. [PMID: 33880698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant. Recent studies suggest that SO2 is a momentous risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of SO2 exposure on histopathology and morphometry of pancreatic islet cells and serum glycemic indices in rats. Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided equally into SO2 and control groups. SO2 group was exposed to 10 parts per million (ppm) SO2 for 5 weeks (6 days a week, 3 h/day) and control group to filtered air for the same time as SO2 group. Blood serums were collected and pancreatic tissue isolated. Glycemic indices were measured. Pathological and morphometric changes were studied in the pancreatic tissues. Exposure to SO2 caused a significant increase in blood glucose but did not significantly change insulin and HbA1c serum levels and HOMA-IR. There were significant differences in vascular congestion (p= 0.02) and insulitis (p= 0.04) between the groups. SO2 inhalation significantly reduced beta cell number and beta-alpha cell ratio compared with the control group (p=0.03 and p<0.0001, respectively). These findings suggest that SO2 exposure damages pancreatic tissue which subsequently influences either the incidence of DM or the trend of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Musapour Soltan-Abad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., 14711, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., 14711, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., 14711, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Wu HC, Yang HI, Lin PH, Chen CJ, Santella RM, Terry MB. Reproductive and environmental exposures and the breast cancer risk in Taiwanese women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15656. [PMID: 34341437 PMCID: PMC8329069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing around the globe, including in Taiwan, though the cause of the increasing incidence is less clear. We followed up 11,296 Taiwanese females who did not have BC at baseline, and ascertained new invasive BC (N = 351) through data linkage to the National Cancer Registry from 1991 to 2018 to examine whether reproductive, lifestyle and environmental risk factors including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were associated with BC risk. We conducted a nested case-control study using baseline blood available from a total of 305 women with BC and 598 women without BC matched on time in cohort. We examined the association of PAH-albumin adducts and BC risk using conditional logistic regression models. Age at menarche (HR 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.9) for ≥ 15 vs. < 13 years) and multiparity were associated with BC risk (HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.4-2.8), 2.8 (1.9-4.2), and 2.4 (1.0-5.0) for 3-4, 1-2 and 0 live birth, compared with women ≥ 5 births). PAH-albumin adducts were not associated with BC risk. Given the increasing BC incidence in Taiwan, there is a need to identify environmental factors that are important to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hwai-I Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institue of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the most rapidly increasing malignancy worldwide with an estimated 2.1 million cancer cases in the latest, 2018 World Health Organization (WHO) report. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of air pollution and lung cancer, in Tehran, Iran. Residential area information of the latest registered lung cancer cases that were diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1,850) were inquired from the population-based cancer registry of Tehran. Long-term average exposure to PM10, SO2, NO, NO2, NOX, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene (BTEX), and BTEX in 22 districts of Tehran were estimated using land use regression models. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate multi-pollutant exposure profiles. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollutants and lung cancer incidence. The districts with higher concentrations for all pollutants were mostly in downtown and around the railway station. Districts with a higher concentration for NOx (IRR = 1.05, for each 10 unit increase in air pollutant), benzene (IRR = 3.86), toluene (IRR = 1.50), ethylbenzene (IRR = 5.16), p-xylene (IRR = 9.41), o-xylene (IRR = 7.93), m-xylene (IRR = 2.63) and TBTEX (IRR = 1.21) were significantly associated with higher lung cancer incidence. Districts with a higher multiple air-pollution profile were also associated with more lung cancer incidence (IRR = 1.01). Our study shows a positive association between air pollution and lung cancer incidence. This association was stronger for, respectively, p-xylene, o-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, m-xylene and toluene.
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20
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Aerosol components associated with hospital mortality in systemic sclerosis: an analysis from a nationwide Thailand healthcare database. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7983. [PMID: 33846466 PMCID: PMC8042026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational and environmental associations with systemic sclerosis (SSc) have been confirmed; however, the association between aerosol components and mortality is uncertain. The study aimed to define the association between aerosol components and hospital mortality among Thai SSc patients. A study was conducted using a national database of patients covered by the National Health Security Office, hospitalised between 2014 and 2018. Data included all patients over 18 having a primary diagnosis of SSc (ICD-10: M34). Spatial resources used map information based on GPS coordinates of Thailand. Aerosol components—including organic carbon, black carbon, dust particulate matter diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and sulfate—were assessed using the NASA satellite MERRA-2 Model M2TMNXFLX v5.12.4. Spatial modelling with R Package Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (R-INLA) was used to analyse the association between the incidence of mortality and the 5-year accumulation of each aerosol component adjusted by age, sex, and comorbid diseases. The study included 2,094 SSc patients with 3,684 admissions. Most (63.8%) were female. During admission, 1,276 cases died. R-INLA analysis indicated an increase of 1 µg/m3 of dust PM2.5 was associated with a respective increase in the risk of overall mortality and death due to pneumonia of 96% and 79%. An increase of 1 µg/m3 of dust PM2.5 resulted in 1.17, 1.18, 1.64, and 2.15 times greater risk of mortality due to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiac involvement, renal involvement, and cancer, respectively. Aerosol components—particularly dust PM2.5 exposures—increased the risk of overall, cardio-pulmonary-renal, and cancer mortality among SSc patients.
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21
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Chou YH, Tantoh DM, Wu MC, Tyan YS, Chen PH, Nfor ON, Hsu SY, Shen CY, Huang CN, Liaw YP. PM 2.5 exposure and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwan Biobank participants. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:68. [PMID: 33153431 PMCID: PMC7646067 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) or fine PM is a serious public health concern. It affects DNA methylation and heightens carcinogenesis. Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer 1 (DLEC1) is a tumor suppressor gene. However, aberrant methylation of the gene is associated with several cancers. We evaluated the association between PM2.5 and DLEC1 promoter methylation in Taiwanese adults based on regular outdoor exercise. METHODS We obtained DNA methylation and exercise data of 496 participants (aged between 30 and 70 years) from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) database. We also extracted PM2.5 data from the Air Quality Monitoring Database (AQMD) and estimated participants' exposure using residential addresses. RESULTS DLEC1 methylation and PM2.5 were positively associated: beta coefficient (β) = 0.114 × 10-3; p value = 0.046. The test for interaction between exercise and PM2.5 on DLEC1 methylation was significant (p value = 0.036). After stratification by exercise habits, PM2.5 and DLEC1 methylation remained significantly associated only among those who exercised regularly (β = 0.237 × 10-3; p value = 0.007). PM2.5 quartile-stratified analyses revealed an inverse association between regular exercise and DLEC1 methylation at PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3 (β = - 5.280 × 10-3; p value = 0.009). After combining exercise habits and PM2.5 quartiles, one stratum (i.e., regular exercise and PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3) was inversely associated with DLEC1 methylation (β = -5.160 × 10-3, p value = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS We found significant positive associations between PM2.5 and DLEC1 promoter methylation. Regular exercise at PM2.5 < 27.37 μg/m3 seemingly regulated DLEC1 promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsiang Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Sheng Tyan
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Shen
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Ning Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1 Jianguo N. Rd, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan. .,Medical Imaging and Big Data Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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22
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Gergen PJ. Adult-onset asthma and cancer: Causal or coincidental? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:52-53. [PMID: 33144144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gergen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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23
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Abstract
In many countries around the world (including the United States, Canada, and Spain), research is being conducted into the impact of air pollution on the formation of various types of cancer. For a long time it was thought that the inhalation of pollutants could lead to lung diseases. Now the effects of air pollutants on tumors in the airways, kidneys, bladder, breast, and colon have been investigated and are better understood. It is now known that particulates in air pollution can cross the blood–brain barrier and also reach the placenta. The aim of this study was to find a possible relationship between the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere and the formation of specific types of tumors in the Polish population. Two databases available on the Internet were used in the analysis: the bank of measurement data on air quality in Poland (the repository of Environmental Protection Inspection) and cancer statistics. The pollution measurement data for the years 2000–2016 were taken from the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection website, a database with results from 264 stations located in Poland for 13 types of gases and atmospheric pollutants. Statistical data on cancer C00–D09 (according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10)) in the Polish population in the years 1999–2015 were retrieved from onkologia.org.pl. A novel code was constructed, allowing the downloading of statistics from the databases, examination of their correlation, and selection of the best model of regression through machine learning. The results of the analyses indicate a high correlation of air pollution with the incidence of selected types of cancer. Particularly noteworthy is the observed effect of NOx on the incidence of small and large intestine cancers in the Masovia and West Pomerania provinces. The other gases and pollutants with the most significant impact on the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer have also been identified. Based on statistical analysis, we found a correlation between air pollution and tumor incidence in individual provinces, as well as an influence of the emission of nitrogen oxides on the cancer incidence rate.
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24
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Silva M, Milanese G, Kauczor HU, Revel MP, Sverzellati N. Milestones towards lung cancer screening implementation. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:881-885. [PMID: 32863024 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The European Society of Radiology (ESR) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) published their joint statement paper on lung cancer screening (LCS), on 12 February 2020. This document joins and completes previous recommendations on LCS with specific emphasis on the analysis of issues encountered in the practical implementation of LCS in the community. Major milestones to enable the most efficient and equal dissemination of LCS are recognised as engagement of all stakeholders (e.g. candidate/participant, general practitioners, up to the specialised LCS facility), quality assurance, and primary prevention in the form of provision of counselling for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silva
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Italy.
| | - G Milanese
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Italy
| | - H-U Kauczor
- Dept of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Center of Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M-P Revel
- Radiology Department, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - N Sverzellati
- Scienze Radiologiche, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Italy
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