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Belay JK, Abebe SM, Baffa LD, Mengistu B. Food consumption score and predictors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Using ordinal logistic regression model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306169. [PMID: 38924049 PMCID: PMC11207176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy creates a stressful environment that can lead to long-term effects on tissue development. Understanding the food consumption score can be used to prevent problems associated with poor dietary intake of pregnant mothers. In Ethiopia, the food consumption score ranges from 54% to 81.5%, which is far below the World Food Program (WFP) recommendation. Thus, this study aimed to assess food consumption score and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS This study has used institution based cross sectional study. Overall, 999 pregnant women were selected for this study. A multistage sampling technique followed by systematic random sampling was used to include pregnant women coming for antenatal care services in the selected health centers of Addis Ababa from June 07 to July 08, 2022. We used interviewer administered questionnaire using the Kobo toolbox. Food consumption score (FCS) was assessed after collecting data on frequency of eight food groups consumed over the previous seven days, which were weighted according to their relative nutritional value. STATA 14 was used to analyse the data. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of food consumption score. Those variables having p value < 0.25 in the bivariable ordinal logistic regression were considered for the final model. Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio were used to assess the strength of the association. In the final model, p value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was used to declare statistical significance. RESULT From the total of 949 pregnant women a little over half (51.20% (95%CI: 48.00%-54.40%) had acceptable food consumption score, while just over two fifth (42.60% (95% CI: 39.40%-45.70%)) and a small proportion (6.2% (95%CI: 4.84%-7.94%)) of the study participants had borderline and poor food consumption score, respectively. No meal skip (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI:1.03-1.81), able to read and write (AOR = 3.99, 95% CI: 1.33-11.96), poorest wealth status (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34-0.78), positive attitude towards consumption of a diversified diet (AOR = 1.52,95% CI: 1.17-1.98) were independent predictors of acceptable food consumption score. CONCLUSION In this study, considerably low level of acceptable food consumption score among the study participants was observed. Besides, not skipping meal, having better educational status, wealth status and attitude towards consumption of a diversified diet were associated with acceptable food consumption score. Therefore, nutritional education considering important dietary modifications should be intensified targeting vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusalem Ketema Belay
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mekonnen Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemlem Daniel Baffa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Mengistu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Gebre T, Abraha Z, Zenebe A, Zeweld W. A comprehensive analysis of food insecurity in the drought-prone rural areas of Tigray. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:66. [PMID: 38755735 PMCID: PMC11097430 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00564-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of globally food-insecure people is increasing since 2017. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest proportion of severely food-insecure people in the world. Tigray region of Ethiopia is one of the food-insecure regions, which, over the past many decades has been affected by recurrent food insecurities. In the drought-prone rural areas of Tigray, many people are living under the condition of chronic hunger. Proper food security studies are vital for proper intervention mechanisms. Yet, previous food security studies have rarely addressed the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. In this study, all components are duly considered to assess the food insecurity status in the drought-prone rural areas of Tigray, Ethiopia. Of the 34 rural districts in Tigray, 363 households from three drought-prone rural districts were studied. RESULTS Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and Food Insecurity Experience Scale were adapted to measure the food availability, access to food, and stability components of food security; and, Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), Food Consumption Score (FCS), mid-upper arm circumference, and Bitot's spot were used to analyze the food utilization aspect. Findings show that 68% of the studied community frequently ate less food than they felt they needed and 82.1% of the households have experienced hunger because of lack of food. The study rural districts were unconnected to road networks; hence, 87.9% of the elderly and 20.4% of the women and girls had no access to food markets. Regarding the food utilization, 81.5% of the studied households had poor FCS; and the average HDDS and FCS for the study areas were 2.47 and 18.9, respectively. The prevalence of Global acute malnutrition, severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) for 6-59 months of age children in the study areas were 50.3, 4.2, and 46.1%, respectively. More notably, the prevalence of SAM for children from the food-insecure households was 21.2%. The prevalence of MAM for pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in the study areas was 59.5. Further, the prevalence of Bitot's spot among 6-59 months of age children was 1.9%. On the other hand, all the rural households had anxiety about their future food demands. CONCLUSION The rural households living in the studied areas were critically food-insecure. All the measurements implied that the food insecurity situation in the study areas was unacceptably worrisome and life-threatening. This calls for an instant action to avert the occurrence of famine and starvation in the drought-prone rural areas of Tigray region. Thus, interventions should primarily target the vulnerable rural people and need to be planned based on attaining food availability first rather than concurrently addressing all components of food security. Further, due emphasis should be given to diversifying livelihood strategies of the vulnerable villagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewelde Gebre
- Mekelle University - Institute of Environment, Gender, and Development Studies (IEGDS), Mekelle City, Ethiopia.
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Workneh F, Tsegaye S, Amanuel H, Eglovitch M, Shifraw T, Shiferie F, Tadesse AW, Worku A, Isanaka S, Lee ACC, Berhane Y. Dietary Perspectives and Practices during Pregnancy in Rural Amhara Region of Ethiopia: An Exploratory Qualitative Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100079. [PMID: 37250386 PMCID: PMC10209480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrition during pregnancy has lifelong impacts on the mother and fetus. In Ethiopia, nearly a third of pregnant women experience undernutrition. When designing nutrition interventions during pregnancy, it is important to understand existing dietary perspectives and practices in local communities. Objectives To explore the processes that shape dietary perspectives and practices during pregnancy in rural West Gojjam and South Gondar Zones of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. Methods From October to November 2018, we conducted 40 in-depth interviews with pregnant women (n = 16), family members (n = 12), and healthcare providers (n = 12) using a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were conducted in Amharic, transcribed in Amharic, and translated into English. We used a thematic analysis approach to organize data per the predefined topic areas and identify emerging themes, as well as barriers and enablers to healthy nutrition during pregnancy. Results Pregnant women and their family members recognized the benefits of a diversified diet to promote the health of the mother and the fetus. However, participants reported low dietary diversity because of limited access to nutritious foods and particular perspectives on food restrictions during pregnancy. The common practice of religious fasting also limited pregnant women's dietary intake. Women reported restricting their food intake in later pregnancy because of loss of appetite, as well as concerns about having a large infant, which might complicate delivery. Intake of locally made alcoholic drinks (Tella) was reported among pregnant women because participants thought it had low levels of alcohol that would not harm the fetus. Conclusions Although participants understood the importance of a healthy and diverse diet in pregnancy, we identified several barriers and perspectives regarding nutrition during pregnancy. Low income and lack of access to diverse foods, particularly in certain seasons, religious fasting, intentional food restrictions to limit the size of the infant, and alcohol use were commonly reported. Locally appropriate counseling and interventions should be developed, with an emphasis on increasing access to and consumption of diverse foods. Curr Dev Nutr 2023;x:xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firehiwot Workneh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sitota Tsegaye
- Department of Nutrition and Behavioral Sciences, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hanna Amanuel
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michelle Eglovitch
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tigest Shifraw
- Department of Reproductive Health and Population, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fisseha Shiferie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Amare W. Tadesse
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alemayehu Worku
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sheila Isanaka
- Departments of Nutrition and Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne CC Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wiafe MA, Ayensu J, Yeboah GB. Predictors of food variety and food consumption scores of adolescents living in a rural district in Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286477. [PMID: 37256891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a dearth of information about the food variety and consumption scores of adolescents in Ghana. This study assessed predictors of food variety and consumption scores of adolescents living in a rural district in Ghana. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling method was used to select one hundred and thirty-seven (137) adolescents from the Asante-Akim South Municipality of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, food practices and dietary intakes of study participants. Descriptive, chi-square, T-test, partial correlation and binary logistic regression were used for the data analysis. RESULTS The mean food variety score was 25.8±6.4 (range 7-42) and food consumption score was 35±5.1 (range 18.6-49.9). Food variety score was significantly (p<0.05) associated with guardian income status. A significant and positive partial correlation existed between food variety score and calcium intake (r = 0.236, p<0.05). About 49% and 51% of adolescents were food insecure and food secure, respectively. Food consumption score had significant association (p<0.05) with gender (X2 = 6.1), residence (X2 = 7.0), frequency of meal (X2 = 6.8) and food variety score (X2 = 5.4). Adolescent male (AOR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.2-4.6), p = 0.017), peri-urban residency (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI (1.0-4.4), p = 0.036), having three or more meals per day (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI (1.3-13.6), p = 0.018), and a high food variety score (AOR = 2.1, 95%CI (1.0-4.2), p = 0.041) significantly predicted food consumption scores. CONCLUSION Moderate income status was associated with food variety score in our study participants. Linear relationship existed between food variety and calcium intake. Adolescent males, peri-urban residency, frequency of meals and high food variety score were the predictors of food consumption score. Nutrition-specific and nutrition sensitive programmes aimed at promoting adolescent health should involve guardians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Ayensu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Georgina Benewaa Yeboah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
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Jalata DD, Mekonnen SA, Taddese HY, Workeneh MZ. Food consumption patterns in employees of Ethiopian institute of agricultural research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12915. [PMID: 36704267 PMCID: PMC9871231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, including Ethiopia, diet-related non-communicable diseases are prevalent among the working population. Understanding this active group's dietary diversity and food consumption patterns is essential to devise alternative solutions and recommend possible improvements. This study investigates the food consumption patterns of employees of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 1 to March 31, 2022, involving 13 different research centers of the institute situated in different agro-ecological regions of the country. A validated food frequency questionnaire and a 24-h food recall were administered to a total sample size of 355 employees. A systematic random sampling was used for data collection. Stata survey commands version 16.0 and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The research confirmed that socio-demographic determinants, income, and educational level affect the food consumption patterns of employees. The majority of employees have low consumption of foods like fish, fruits, vegetables, and animal products. Consumption of all kinds of animal products was very low on Wednesday and Friday. This result will help employees to give more attention to low-cost healthier food items, as well as institutional management bodies in designing awareness-creation campaigns and government programs to encourage the production and access of nutritious food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dassalegn Daraje Jalata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Solomon Abate Mekonnen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hana Yeshitila Taddese
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mulate Zerihun Workeneh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Walle BM, Adekunle AO, Arowojolu AO, Dugul TT, Mebiratie AL. Low birth weight and its associated factors in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:124. [PMID: 36316725 PMCID: PMC9620599 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low birth weight is a global public health problem, with 15-20% of all births globally, described by weight at birth of less than 2500 g ensuing fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, poor cognitive growth, and an increased risk of chronic diseases later in life. The prevalence is critical in East Africa where about 11% have low birth weight out of 54% of neonates whose weight was measured at birth. There are many causes of low birth weight, including early induction of labor or cesarean birth, multiple pregnancies, infections, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Moreover, socioeconomic factors and unhealthy dietary habits could contribute to low birth weight in areas with poor intake of a diversified diet. This study has indicated the association between poor dietary diversity and low birth weight in the study area for the first time. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on eligible 423 pregnant women recruited from Gestational Age of less than 17 weeks until delivery where the birth outcomes were recorded in health institutions in randomly selected five Woredas in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia from June 2019 to December 2020. Questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-economic-demographic, dietary diversity scores, and food consumption scores. RESULTS The study found a prevalence of low birth weight of 9.6%, low dietary diversity score of 53.2%, low food consumption score of 19.7%, and preterm delivery of 9.1%. Ever attended school and a higher level of education (diploma and above) decreased the risk of low birth weight with an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) of 0.149 (0.024, 0.973) P ≤ 0.042; 0.059 (0.007, 0.513) P ≤ 0.007; whereas low dietary diversity score group and low food consumption group increased the risk of low birth weight with AOR 2.425 (1.342, 6.192) P ≤ 0.011and 2.983 (1.956, 9.084) P ≤ 0.044 respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Participants with no formal education, no diploma, and above (no college or university training/degree), low diversity score group, and low food consumption group had an increased risk of low birth weight. Therefore the use of a diversified diet, educating women to a higher educational level, and health education on the intake of a diversified food rich in multiple micronutrients are recommended as strategies that will ameliorate the occurrence of low birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanie Muluken Walle
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pan African University Life and Earth Sciences Institutes, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria ,grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adeyemi O. Adekunle
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele O. Arowojolu
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Tesfaye Tolessa Dugul
- grid.7123.70000 0001 1250 5688Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Akiloge Lake Mebiratie
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Fite MB, Tura AK, Yadeta TA, Oljira L, Roba KT. Factors associated with food consumption score among pregnant women in Eastern Ethiopia: a community-based study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2022; 41:6. [PMID: 35232495 PMCID: PMC8889778 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-022-00286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although assessing the nutritional status of pregnant women is becoming a common research agenda, evidence on food consumption scores, particularly among rural residents, is limited. This study aimed to assess the level of food consumption score and associated factors among pregnant women in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 pregnant women in Haramaya district, eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants, using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Food consumption score, a proxy measure for food security, was assessed through a seven-day dietary recall of consumption of food items. Each food item was given a score of 0-7 depending on the number of days it was consumed then grouped into food groups and summed up each food group. The pregnant women were labeled as "acceptable food consumption score" when they had a food composite score of > 42 during the reference period. Otherwise, they were defined as "unacceptable." A Poisson regression model with robust variance estimation was used to investigate the association of the independent variables with the food consumption score. An adjusted prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence interval was reported to show an association using a p value < 0.05. RESULTS The acceptable food consumption score among the study participants was 54.46% (95% CI 49-59%). The level of acceptable food consumption score was higher among respondents who were in the richest class (APR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.04-1.66), those who had ANC follow-up (APR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.40-2.27), those who had a favorable attitude toward dietary practice (APR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.12-1.52), and those who consumed high animal source foods (APR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.01-1.51). However, acceptable food consumption score was lower among women who were not owned agricultural land (APR = 0.84; 95% CI 0.72-0.99). CONCLUSION We found a low acceptable food consumption score among pregnant women in this predominantly rural setting. Nutritional counseling in pregnancy should address the importance of food diversity and consumption of animal source foods to improve nutrition in pregnancy. Our findings highlight the imperative requirement for policies and programs to support farmers who had no farmland to improve their overall food security and maximize their food consumption score. Assessing perinatal outcomes associated with food consumption score is essential for unraveling the spectrum of nutrition in pregnancy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meseret Belete Fite
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
| | - Abera Kenay Tura
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemessa Oljira
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Tessema Z, Yibeltal D, Wubetu M, Dessie B, Molla Y. Drug-Drug interaction among admitted patients at primary, district and referral hospitals' medical wards in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211035050. [PMID: 34367641 PMCID: PMC8312158 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211035050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was aimed to assess the type, prevalence, characteristics of drug interaction and factors associated from admitted patients in medical wards at primary, district and referral hospitals in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among admitted patients in medical wards at different hospitals of East Gojjam Zone from September 2019 to February 2020. Patient-specific data were extracted from patient medical prescription papers using a structured data collection tool. Potential drug–drug interaction was identified using www.drugs.com as drug–drug interaction checker. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. To identify the explanatory predictors of potential drug–drug interaction, logistic regression analysis was done at a statistical significance level of p-value < 0.05. Results: Of the total 554 prescriptions, 51.1% were prescribed for females with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 40.85 ± 23.09 years. About 46.4% prescriptions of patients had one or more comorbid conditions, and the most frequent identified comorbid conditions were infectious (18.6%) and cardiac problems (6.3%) with 0.46 ± 0.499 average number of comorbid conditions per patient. Totally, 1516 drugs were prescribed with 2.74 ± 0.848 mean number per patient and range of 2–6. Two hundred and forty-two (43.7%) prescriptions had at least one potential drug–drug interaction, and it was found that 292 drug interactions were presented. Almost half of the drug–drug interaction identified was moderate (50%). Overall, the prevalence rate of drug–drug interaction was 43.7%. Older age (adjusted odds ratio = 8.301; 95% confidence interval (5.51–12.4), p = 0.000), presence of comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio = 1.72; 95% confidence interval (1.10–2.68), p = 0.000) and number of medications greater or equal to 3 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.69; 95% confidence interval (1.42–5.11), p = 0.000) were independent predictors for the occurrence of potential drug–drug interaction. Conclusion: The prevalence of potential drug–drug interaction among admitted patients was relatively high. Pharmacodynamic drug–drug interaction was the common mechanism of drug–drug interaction with moderate degree. Therefore, close follow-up of hospitalized patients is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenaw Tessema
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Yibeltal
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Wubetu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Dessie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yalew Molla
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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