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Janmaimool P, Chontanawat J, Nunsunanon S, Chudech S. The causal relationship model of factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors during the post-pandemic era and implications for health prevention strategies: a case of Bangkok City, Thailand. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:887. [PMID: 39210295 PMCID: PMC11363689 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though, many countries are currently in the COVID post-pandemic era, people's health protective behaviours are still essential to protect their health and well-being. This study aims to evaluate people's understanding and perceptions of COVID-19 risk characteristics (i.e. threat occurrence, threat severity, perceived susceptibility and exposure), the health risk perception towards COVID-19, and health protective behaviours. The study also aims to estimate the associations among these factors by the analysis of structural equation modelling (SEM). METHODS From 15 October to 9 November 2022, questionnaire surveys were administrated to 521 people living in Bangkok of Thailand by using the convenience sampling technique. The analyses were carried out in three phases including descriptive statistical analyses, a measurement model assessment using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. RESULTS The results of descriptive analyses demonstrated that the majority of respondents, 39.9%, had the age between 20 and 30 years old, and 61.4% of them were female. Approximately 52.1% of them had a bachelor's degree. Upon analysing individuals' understanding and perceptions of all risk characteristics, individuals' understanding of COVID-19 severity did not statistically affect health risk perception towards COVID-19, whereas perceived exposure had the strongest effect and in turn influenced health protective behaviours. Perceived susceptibility and understanding of the threat occurrence also significantly affected health risk perception, and indirectly affected health protective behaviours. CONCLUSIONS This study implies that though the potential health impact of COVID-19 is perceived as less severe, people can still construct a perception of its risk particularly based on their perceived exposure and susceptibility. Thus, communicating people about exposure conditions and susceptibility can greatly contribute to people' construction of risk perception towards COVID-19 which subsequently leads to the decision to perform health protective behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyapong Janmaimool
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon 4 Road, 999, 73170, Nakorn Pathom Province, Thailand.
| | - Jaruwan Chontanawat
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-Uthit Rd., Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Siriphan Nunsunanon
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-Uthit Rd., Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Surapong Chudech
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-Uthit Rd., Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
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Sobieraj E, Goławski J, Sikora A, Duda-Duma Ł, Korzeń M, Pasek O, Pyzio K, Gańczak M. Knowledge and preventive practices regarding COVID-19 disease among Ukrainian refugees in Poland. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37833. [PMID: 38640299 PMCID: PMC11029944 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Russia's invasion of Ukraine contributed one of the largest migration movements in the 21st century. Refugees may become a source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections for the residents of host countries. The study aim was to assess knowledge and preventive practices regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among Ukrainian refugees in Poland. The cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2022 among Ukrainian refugees registering consecutively in Zielona Góra, Poland. Knowledge and preventive practices were assessed by giving 1 point for each correct answer by anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The response rate was 96%, 190 participated (mean age 37.8 ± 15.5 years; 57.9% females); 61.6% self-reported their socio-economic status (SES) as high, 38.9% reported high level of education. The mean COVID-19 knowledge score was 3.06 ± 1.95; 19.5% scored >50%. The knowledge level was higher among migrants with high SES (P = .003). The mean preventive practices score was 2.56 ± 1.38; 54.0% scored ≥ 60%. 40.5% declared social distancing, 62.6% followed coughing etiquette, 69.0% home isolate themselves during COVID-19. 57.9% always used masks in public space, however 74.2% wore masks with uncovered nose. Refugees with higher education, high SES and knowledge level had significantly greater preventive practices scores (P = .002; P = .02; P = .03, respectively). The knowledge and preventive practices level was insufficient. Educational campaigns oriented to raising knowledge and prevention behavior skills should be implemented, especially targeting high-risk groups to avoid spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sobieraj
- Student Research Group, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Jakub Goławski
- Student Research Group, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Anna Sikora
- Student Research Group, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Łukasz Duda-Duma
- Student Research Group, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Marcin Korzeń
- Department of Methods of Artificial Intelligence and Applied Mathematics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Oskar Pasek
- Student Research Group, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Klaudia Pyzio
- Student Research Group, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Maria Gańczak
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Chen YL, Rahman A. Effects of Target Variables on Interpersonal Distance Perception for Young Taiwanese during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1711. [PMID: 37372829 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected not only public health but also people's daily lives. Among various strategies to prevent infection, mask wearing and vaccination are considered to be the most effective methods; however, they may affect the comfortable interpersonal distance (IPD) for social interactions. In 2023, although the COVID-19 epidemic is considered to be similar to influenza, the public health sector of Taiwan still plans to give each person at least one dose per year, and even two does for special cases such as the elderly; and more than 90% of Taiwanese are still accustomed to wearing masks in public areas. Compared with mask wearing, studies examining the effects of vaccination on IPD are lacking. Therefore, an online survey was conducted in this study to collect the IPD data of 50 male and 50 female participants to elucidate the effects of mask wearing, vaccination, and target sex variables on IPD. The results showed that all variables significantly affected IPD (all p < 0.001). The effect of masks on IPD (49.1 cm) was slightly greater than that of vaccination (43.5 cm). The IPDs reported for wearing and not wearing masks were 145.7 and 194.8 cm, respectively, and those for vaccinated and unvaccinated were 148.5 and 192.0 cm, respectively. Regardless of participant sex, the IPDs for the female targets were significantly shorter than those for the male targets, which was consistent with the results of previous studies. Although mask wearing and vaccination are functionally different in nature, the findings indicate that the effects of both on IPD are nearly identical, jointly shortening IPD to approximately 93 cm. This implies that not only masks but also vaccination could lead to the shortening of IPD and may cause challenges in the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lang Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
| | - Andi Rahman
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25175, Indonesia
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Petrescu DC, Rastegari H, Petrescu-Mag IV, Petrescu-Mag RM. Determinants of proper disposal of single-use masks: knowledge, perception, behavior, and intervention measures. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15104. [PMID: 37041977 PMCID: PMC10083004 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many studies testify to consumer behavior's role in the context of waste-related sustainability objectives, little research examined what people know, think, and feel about the environmental impacts of their personal protective equipment (PPE) or their behavior towards them, in general. Therefore, the present article complements existing information about the public perceptions, knowledge, and behavior of single-use masks in a context where the pandemic has put increasing pressure on waste management public services. From February to June 2020, municipal solid waste increased ten times in Romania. The study identified the factors that predicted the proper disposal of single-use masks and the measures preferred to prevent or minimize the negative impact of single-use mask waste. Method Data from a representative sample of 705 Romanians were collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS and SmartPLS. The Cochran's Q test was run to determine the existence of differences between percentages of people who preferred various measures. Dunn's test with a Bonferroni correction was used to identify the exact pair of groups where the differences were located. The study utilized structural equation models (SEM) based on at least partial squares with SmartPLS software (3.2.8) to investigate causal links between constructs. The model considered that the dependent variable (environmentally friendly behavior: proper disposal of single-use masks) could be influenced by the knowledge, perception, behavior, and demographics variables. Results The findings indicated that knowledge of the type of material of single-use masks had a direct positive (β = 0.173) and significant effect on their proper disposal. The perception of mask waste impact has a negative and significant (β = -0.153, p < 0.001) impact on the proper disposal of single-use masks. This path coefficient illustrates that the worse the perceived impact of single-use masks on waste management activity, the higher the proper disposal of single-use masks. Gender has a positive (β = 0.115) and significant (p < 0.001) effect on the proper disposal of single-use masks. Conclusions It was concluded that the 5Rs waste management approach should be reconsidered for single-use mask waste. For example, "Reuse" and the classic "Recycle" have limited applications since they may lead to virus transmission and possible infection. "Reducing" the use of single-use masks could have repercussions on one's health. Summing up, the study outlined recommendations for effective interventions for the proper disposal of single-use masks from the perspective of behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacinia Crina Petrescu
- Department of Hospitality Services, Faculty of Business, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
- Department of Economy and Rural Development, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamid Rastegari
- Department of Rural Development Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Ioan Valentin Petrescu-Mag
- Department of Engineering and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Malina Petrescu-Mag
- Department of Economy and Rural Development, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Doctoral School “International Relations and Security Studies”, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Mladenović D, Jirásek M, Ondráček T, Opatrná Z, Štangová R. The influence of social conformity on mask-wearing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14496. [PMID: 36942240 PMCID: PMC10008044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to vaccination, health authorities have strongly advocated the wearing of face masks as a crucial measure in combating the virus. Nevertheless, the recommendation or legal requirement to wear a face mask is no guarantee of adherence to the rules. A person's decision to wear a mask may also be based on their beliefs and is likely to be influenced by their observation of the mask-wearing behavior of other people. This study aims to explore the role of conformity on the wearing of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that there is little evidence on how the mask-wearing behavior of others and demographic factors affect people's decisions to wear face masks in public settings, we performed a large-scale observational study in the Czech Republic during a period of rapidly increasing COVID-19 related cases and deaths. We observed a total of 1753 customers and 472 employees in 67 highly frequented shopping venues. The data were collected by trained observers and analyzed using multilevel logistic regression modeling. The results indicate that the mask-wearing behavior of new customers was influenced by the proportion of other customers wearing masks and the behavior differed according to the demographics of age and sex. A notable finding was that the greater the presence of customers wearing masks in a store, the lower the propensity of new visitors to wear masks. Which may be evidence of problematic free-riding behavior. These findings therefore have policy implications and can aid the formulation of specific (communication) strategies to promote mask-wearing behavior.
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Clark KC, Bailey MJ, Wasshuber S, Huntley R, Bjorkman KK, Bauer LC, Paige CL, Sawyer SL, Czarnik M, Riggs MA, Gutilla MJ, Alderete TL. High rates of observed face mask use at Colorado universities align with students' opinions about masking and support the safety and viability of in-person higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:299. [PMID: 36759815 PMCID: PMC9910780 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, colleges and universities have focused on creating policies, such as mask mandates, to minimize COVID-19 transmission both on their campuses and in the surrounding community. Adherence to and opinions about these policies remain largely unknown. METHODS The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a cross-sectional study, the Mask Adherence and Surveillance at Colleges and Universities Project (MASCUP!), to objectively and inconspicuously measure rates of mask use at institutes of higher education via direct observation. From February 15 through April 11, 2021 the University of Colorado Boulder (CU, n = 2,808 observations) and Colorado State University Fort Collins (CSU, n = 3,225 observations) participated in MASCUP! along with 52 other institutes of higher education (n = 100,353 observations) spanning 21 states and the District of Columbia. Mask use was mandatory at both Colorado universities and student surveys were administered to assess student beliefs and attitudes. RESULTS We found that 91.7%, 93.4%, and 90.8% of persons observed at indoor locations on campus wore a mask correctly at University of Colorado, Colorado State University, and across the 52 other schools, respectively. Student responses to questions about masking were in line with these observed rates of mask use where 92.9% of respondents at CU and 89.8% at CSU believe that wearing masks can protect the health of others. Both Colorado universities saw their largest surges in COVID-19 cases in the fall of 2020, with markedly lower case counts during the mask observation window in the spring of 2021. CONCLUSION High levels of mask use at Colorado's two largest campuses aligned with rates observed at other institutes across the country. These high rates of use, coupled with positive student attitudes about mask use, demonstrate that masks were widely accepted and may have contributed to reduced COVID-19 case counts. This study supports an emerging body of literature substantiating masks as an effective, low-cost measure to reduce disease transmission and establishes masking (with proper education and promotion) as a viable tactic to reduce respiratory disease transmission on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Clark
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Maximilian J Bailey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Stefan Wasshuber
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Raissa Huntley
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Kristen K Bjorkman
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Leisha Conners Bauer
- Health and Wellness Services, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Camille L Paige
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Sara L Sawyer
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Michaila Czarnik
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Margaret A Riggs
- CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Margaret J Gutilla
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America.
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Chen YL, Wu CY, Li SC, Yu TM, Yu SP. Effect of mask coverage on face identification in Taiwanese men and women. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1082376. [PMID: 36733661 PMCID: PMC9886878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1082376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mask wearing is the easiest and most effective way to avoid COVID-19 infection; however, it affects interpersonal activities, especially face identification. This study examined the effects of three mask coverage levels (full coverage, FC; coverage up to the middle [MB] or bottom of the nose bridge [BB]) on face identification accuracy and time. A total of 115 university students (60 men and 55 women) were recruited to conduct a computer-based simulation test consisting of 30 questions (10 questions [five face images each of men and women] for the three mask coverage levels). One unmasked target face and four face images with a specified mask coverage level were designed for each question, and the participants were requested to select the same face from the four covered face images on the basis of the target face. The ANOVA results indicated that identification accuracy was significantly affected by sex (p < 0.01) and the mask coverage level (p < 0.001), whereas identification time was only influenced by sex (p < 0.05). The multiple comparison results indicated that the identification accuracy rate for faces wearing a mask with FC (90.3%) was significantly lower than for those wearing masks with coverage up to the MB (93.7%) and BB (94.9%) positions; however, no difference in identification accuracy rate was observed between the MB and BB levels. Women exhibited a higher identification accuracy rate than men (94.1% vs. 91.9%) in identifying unfamiliar faces, even though they may spend less time identifying the images. A smaller mask coverage level (i.e., the BB level) does not facilitate face identification. The findings can be served as a reference for people to trade-off between wearing a mask and interpersonal interaction in their daily activities.
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The quiet before the storm: Negligence and inappropriateness in face mask use in the community preceded devastating second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022; 43:1993-1995. [PMID: 34486513 PMCID: PMC8458842 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kaewpan W, Rojpaisarnkit K, Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Factors affecting face mask-wearing behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among Thai people: A binary logistic regression model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:996189. [PMID: 36425840 PMCID: PMC9680842 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.996189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Face mask wearing is a standard preventive measure, in addition to handwashing and physical distancing. Individuals may find that wearing a face mask protects their physical health and prevents viral transmission. However, none of the studies in Thailand identified factors associated with face mask-wearing behaviors among Thai people. Therefore, this study aims to determine factors affecting face mask-wearing behaviors to prevent COVID-19. METHODS This research is analytical survey research. The data used in this study were under the project title "The assessment of psychosocial and behavioral response and compliance to restriction measures to prevent and control COVID-19: A series of the rapid survey." A total of 6,521 people participated in an online survey by multi-stage sampling. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with face mask-wearing behaviors. RESULTS After adjusting for independent variables (i.e., gender, age, education, career, smoking, and comorbidity disease), the bivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, age, and career were statistically significant to the face mask-wearing behaviors (p < 0.05). Level of education, smoking, and comorbidity disease were not statistically significant with face mask-wearing behaviors among Thai people. CONCLUSION Further study should explore broader on individual face mask perceptions and wearing in the continuing of COVID-19 across gender, age, and careers to better understand their health behaviors and to inform further policy. In addition, the development of an intervention to promote face mask wearing should target men who age below 30 yrs. and did not work in government services careers as this group of the population was likely not to wear a face mask outside the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonpen Kaewpan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kunwadee Rojpaisarnkit
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Butty A, Bühler N, Pasquier J, Dupraz J, Faivre V, Estoppey S, Rawlinson C, Gonseth Nusslé S, Bochud M, D'Acremont V. Adherence to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Preventive Measures in a Representative Sample of the Population of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1605048. [PMID: 36090841 PMCID: PMC9453818 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1605048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We quantified adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and explored associated factors, after the first and during the second Swiss epidemic waves.Methods: With an observational cohort study in a representative sample of individuals aged 15 years and more, we analysed the association between self-reported adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures (respect of simple hygiene rules; respect of social distancing rules; wearing a mask) and socio-demographic factors, the existence of a chronic disease, and the existence of a previous confirmed COVID-19 episode.Results: Highest adherence was to simple hygiene rules, followed by social distancing rules and mask wearing, with a slight decrease for simple hygiene rules and a strong increase for mask wearing between visits. Men were significantly less likely to respect simple hygiene rules and wear a mask in public. Participants aged 65 years and more (versus 25–64 years) and those with at least one chronic disease (versus none) were two times more likely to respect social distancing rules and wear a mask.Conclusion: Adherence to social distancing rules and mask wearing was rather poor, especially compared to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Butty
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nolwenn Bühler
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- STS Lab, Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pasquier
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Dupraz
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Faivre
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Estoppey
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cloé Rawlinson
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Semira Gonseth Nusslé
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Murielle Bochud
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie D'Acremont
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Systems, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Davies R, Mowbray F, Martin AF, Smith LE, Rubin GJ. A systematic review of observational methods used to quantify personal protective behaviours among members of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the concordance between observational and self-report measures in infectious disease health protection. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1436. [PMID: 35902818 PMCID: PMC9330943 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the quantity and quality of studies using an observational measure of behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to narratively describe the association between self-report and observational data for behaviours relevant to controlling an infectious disease outbreak. DESIGN Systematic review and narrative synthesis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES We searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Publons, Scopus and the UK Health Security Agency behavioural science LitRep database from inception to 17th September 2021 for relevant studies. STUDY SELECTION We included studies which collected observational data of at least one of three health protective behaviours (hand hygiene, face covering use and maintaining physical distance from others ('social distancing') during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies where observational data were compared to self-report data in relation to any infectious disease were also included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS We evaluated the quality of studies using the NIH quality assessment scale for observational studies, extracted data on sample size, setting and adherence to health protective behaviours, and synthesized results narratively. RESULTS Of 27,279 published papers on COVID-19 relevant health protective behaviours that included one or more terms relating to hand hygiene, face covering and social distancing, we identified 48 studies that included an objective observational measure. Of these, 35 assessed face covering use, 17 assessed hand hygiene behaviour and seven assessed physical distancing. The general quality of these studies was good. When expanding the search to all infectious diseases, we included 21 studies that compared observational versus self-report data. These almost exclusively studied hand hygiene. The difference in outcomes was striking, with self-report over-estimating observed adherence by up to a factor of five in some settings. In only four papers did self-report match observational data in any domains. CONCLUSIONS Despite their importance in controlling the pandemic, we found remarkably few studies assessing protective behaviours by observation, rather than self-report, though these studies tended to be of reasonably good quality. Observed adherence tends to be substantially lower than estimates obtained via self-report. Accurate assessment of levels of personal protective behaviour, and evaluation of interventions to increase this, would benefit from the use of observational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Davies
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
| | - Fiona Mowbray
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Alex F Martin
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Louise E Smith
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response at King's College London, in partnership with the UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
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12
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Gogolewski K, Miasojedow B, Sadkowska-Todys M, Stepień M, Demkow U, Lech A, Szczurek E, Rabczenko D, Rosińska M, Gambin A. Data-driven case fatality rate estimation for the primary lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland. Methods 2022; 203:584-593. [PMID: 35085741 PMCID: PMC8785264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than one and a half year since the COVID-19 pandemics outbreak the scientific world is constantly trying to understand its dynamics. In this paper of the case fatality rates (CFR) for COVID-19 we study the historic data regarding mortality in Poland during the first six months of pandemic, when no SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern were present among infected. To this end, we apply competing risk models to perform both uni- and multivariate analyses on specific subpopulations selected by different factors including the key indicators: age, sex, hospitalization. The study explores the case fatality rate to find out its decreasing trend in time. Furthermore, we describe the differences in mortality among hospitalized and other cases indicating a sudden increase of mortality among hospitalized cases at the end of the 2020 spring season. Exploratory and multivariate analysis revealed the real impact of each variable and besides the expected factors indicating increased mortality (age, comorbidities) we track more non-obvious indicators. Recent medical care as well as the identification of the source contact, independently of the comorbidities, significantly impact an individual mortality risk. As a result, the study provides a twofold insight into the COVID-19 mortality in Poland. On one hand we explore mortality in different groups with respect to different variables, on the other we indicate novel factors that may be crucial in reducing mortality. The later can be coped, e.g. by more efficient contact tracing and proper organization and management of the health care system to accompany those who need medical care independently of comorbidities or COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gogolewski
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Miasojedow
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stepień
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lech
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczurek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Rabczenko
- Department for Monitoring and Analysis of Population Health Status, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rosińska
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gambin
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Rojpaisarnkit K, Kaewpan W, Pengpid S, Peltzer K. COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors and Influencing Factors in the Thai Population: A Web-Based Survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:816464. [PMID: 35646759 PMCID: PMC9133839 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.816464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To identify factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors among the Thai population. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was used. A total of 6,521 Thai people completed the survey. The multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors that influenced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive behaviors. The Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model was applied to propose factors influencing COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Results The factors that mostly influenced COVID-19 prevention behaviors when controlling for the other variables are social support (β = 0.173, p < 0.001) follow by age (β = 0.162, p < 0.001), flu-like symptoms (β = 0.130, p < 0.001), gender (β = -0.084, p < 0.001), perceived risk of exposure (β = 0.035, p < 0.05), lock down policy (β = 0.029, p < 0.05), and residential area (β = -0.027, p < 0.05), respectively. These factors explained 52% of the COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Thai population. Conclusion The result of this study was a foundation for further studies on different groups of people to develop different strategies to adopt preventive behaviors to reduce the spread of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwadee Rojpaisarnkit
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand
| | - Wonpen Kaewpan
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Motallebi S, Cheung RCY, Mohit B, Shahabi S, Alishahi Tabriz A, Moattari S. Modeling COVID-19 Mortality Across 44 Countries: Face Covering May Reduce Deaths. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:483-491. [PMID: 35305777 PMCID: PMC8580811 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite ongoing efforts to vaccinate communities against COVID-19, the necessity of face mask use in controlling the pandemic remains subject to debate. Several studies have investigated face masks and COVID-19, covering smaller and less diverse populations than this study's sample. This study examines a hypothesized association of face-covering mandates with COVID-19 mortality decline across 44 countries in 2 continents. METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, changes in COVID-19‒related daily mortality rate per million population from February 15 to May 31, 2020 were compared between 27 countries with and 17 countries without face mask mandates in nearly 1 billion (911,446,220 total) people. Longitudinal mixed effect modeling was applied and adjusted for over 10 relevant demographic, social, clinical, and time-dependent confounders. RESULTS Average COVID-19 mortality per million was 288.54 in countries without face mask policies and 48.40 in countries with face mask policies. In no mask countries, adjusted average daily increase was 0.1553 - 0.0017 X (days since the first case) log deaths per million, compared with 0.0900 - 0.0009 X (days since the first case) log deaths per million in the countries with a mandate. A total of 60 days into the pandemic, countries without face mask mandates had an average daily increase of 0.0533 deaths per million, compared with the average daily increase of 0.0360 deaths per million for countries with face mask mandates. CONCLUSIONS This study's significant results show that face mask mandates were associated with lower COVID-19 deaths rates than the rates in countries without mandates. These findings support the use of face masks to prevent excess COVID-19 deaths and should be advised during airborne disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Motallebi
- Department of Social Medicine and Global Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rex C Y Cheung
- Department of Decision Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Babak Mohit
- Sleep Disorders Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Shahram Shahabi
- Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine & Health Sciences, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Amir Alishahi Tabriz
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Syamak Moattari
- Health Sciences Department, Worcester State University, Worcester, Massachusetts
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15
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Das A, Chattopadhyay B, Paul B, Bandyopadhyay L, Bhattacharyya M. COVID-appropriate facemask use: A study among patients attending outpatient Departments of a Public Health Institute in West Bengal. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2022; 11:108. [PMID: 35573614 PMCID: PMC9093632 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_537_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, facemask use has been the most feasible public health measure in preventing transmission of SARS-CoV2 with the dual benefit of controlling the source of infection and decreasing the risk of acquiring infection from infected people. Therefore, COVID-appropriate behavior regarding facemask use is imperative for controlling the pandemic. This study aimed to assess COVID-appropriate mask behavior and factors associated with it among the patients attending outpatient departments of a public health institute in West Bengal. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was done among 298 patients attending outpatient departments of Rural and Urban Health Units of a public health institute of Kolkata, during October 2020-February 2021. A pretested questionnaire and an observational checklist based on the World Health Organization guidelines were used to collect data. COVID-appropriate mask behavior was assessed by a five-point domain-wise scale, where good practice regarding facemask usage was considered when the score was three or more. Statistical analyses were done in SPSS 16.0. RESULTS Good practices regarding COVID-19 appropriate mask-related activities were recorded among 30.2% of the study participants. No difficulties faced during or on wearing a mask (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.1-3.33) and higher socioeconomic status (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.22-4.15) were significantly associated with good practice regarding COVID-19 appropriate facemask usage. CONCLUSION The magnitude of poor practice regarding COVID-appropriate mask-related behaviors is quite high among the study participants. Awareness regarding correct mask handling, storage, hygiene, disposal, and place of wearing from a reliable source would go a long way to curb the myths and misinformation surrounding mask usage and encourage COVID-appropriate mask behaviors among the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Das
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadip Chattopadhyay
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bobby Paul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Lina Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhumita Bhattacharyya
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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16
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Burnell K, Robbins M, Kulali S, Wells EM. Prevalence and predictors of mask use on a large US university campus during the COVID-19 pandemic: A brief report. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:349-351. [PMID: 34883161 PMCID: PMC8648375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This observational study was conducted to determine the prevalence and correlates of wearing masks at a large Midwestern US university during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 7,237 individuals were observed over 24 hours. Overall mask use prevalence was 90.6% (95% confidence interval: 89.9, 91.2); mask use was significantly associated with being indoors (vs outdoors), female (vs male), and at the athletic center (vs the student union).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Burnell
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Meredith Robbins
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sharon Kulali
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ellen M. Wells
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA,Address correspondence to Ellen M. Wells, PhD, MPH, School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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17
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Delaugerre C, Foissac F, Abdoul H, Masson G, Choupeaux L, Dufour E, Gastli N, Delarue SM, Néré ML, Minier M, Gabassi A, Salmona M, Seguineau M, Schmitt S, Tonglet S, Olivier A, Poyart C, Le Goff J, Lescure X, Kernéis S, Tréluyer JM. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a large, live, indoor gathering (SPRING): a non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:341-348. [PMID: 34843662 PMCID: PMC8626094 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass indoor gatherings were banned in early 2020 to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to assess, under controlled conditions, whether infection rates among attendees at a large, indoor gathering event would be similar to those in non-attendees, given implementation of a comprehensive prevention strategy including antigen-screening within 3 days, medical mask wearing, and optimised ventilation. METHODS The non-inferiority, prospective, open-label, randomised, controlled SPRING trial was done on attendees at a live indoor concert held in the Accor Arena on May 29, 2021 in Paris, France. Participants, aged 18-45 years, recruited via a dedicated website, had no comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, or recent case contact, and had had a negative rapid antigen diagnostic test within 3 days before the concert. Participants were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to the experimental group (attendees) or to the control group (non-attendees). The allocation sequence was computer-generated by means of permuted blocks of sizes three, six, or nine, with no stratification. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients who were SARS-CoV-2-positive by RT-PCR test on self-collected saliva 7 days post-gathering in the per-protocol population (non-inferiority margin <0·35%). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04872075. FINDINGS Between May 11 and 25, 2021, 18 845 individuals registered on the dedicated website, and 10 953 were randomly selected for a pre-enrolment on-site visit. Among 6968 who kept the appointment and were screened, 6678 participants were randomly assigned (4451 were assigned to be attendees and 2227 to be non-attendees; median age 28 years; 59% women); 88% (3917) of attendees and 87% (1947) of non-attendees complied with follow-up requirements. The day 7 RT-PCR was positive for eight of the 3917 attendees (observed incidence, 0·20%; 95% CI 0·09-0·40) and three of the 1947 non-attendees (0·15%; 0·03-0·45; absolute difference, 95% CI -0·26% to 0·28%), findings that met the non-inferiority criterion for the primary endpoint. INTERPRETATION Participation in a large, indoor, live gathering without physical distancing was not associated with increased SARS-CoV-2-transmission risk, provided a comprehensive preventive intervention was implemented. FUNDING French Ministry of Health. TRANSLATION For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Delaugerre
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, U944, Paris, France.
| | - Frantz Foissac
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 7323 Pharmacologie et thérapeutique de l'enfant et de la femme enceinte, Paris, France
| | - Hendy Abdoul
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France; Université de Paris, EA 7323 Pharmacologie et thérapeutique de l'enfant et de la femme enceinte, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Masson
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Laure Choupeaux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Eric Dufour
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Nabil Gastli
- Plateforme COVID IDF, AP-HP. Centre Université de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Marine Minier
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Gabassi
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Maud Salmona
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Equipe INSIGHT, U976, Paris, France
| | - Malika Seguineau
- PRODISS, Syndicat national du spectacle vivant et de variété, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- PRODISS, Syndicat national du spectacle vivant et de variété, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Claire Poyart
- Université de Paris, INSERM, Institut Cochin 1016, Paris, France; Bactériologie, AP-HP Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Jerôme Le Goff
- Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, Equipe INSIGHT, U976, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lescure
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Université de Paris, INSERM, IAME, Paris, France
| | - Solen Kernéis
- Equipe de Prévention du Risque Infectieux, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Epidemiology and Modelling of Antibiotic Evasion, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Tréluyer
- Unité de Recherche Clinique-Centre Investigation Clinique, APHP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
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18
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Mezones-Holguin E, Al-Kassab-Córdova A, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA, Toro-Huamanchumo CJ, Flores-Gavino A, Muñoz Del Carpio-Toia A, Rodríguez-Morales AJ. Frequency of Correct Mask Use Among Pedestrians in High-Flow Indoor Public Spaces: A Multicenter Analysis in the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221134851. [PMID: 36348573 PMCID: PMC9647236 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221134851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to describe the variation in the frequency of correct mask
use among pedestrians in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic
in high-flow indoor public spaces from different geographic and social
settings in Peru. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional exploratory study among pedestrians in Lima
(the capital city) and other coastal and highland cities in Peru.
Pedestrians were directly observed by trained medical students in 2
high-flow indoor areas at different times in November 2020 (first wave) and
October 2021 (second wave). Primary outcomes included the frequencies of
mask use and correct use. We applied multinomial logistic models and
estimated crude and adjusted relative prevalence ratios for sex, age,
obesity, and location. Additionally, we used binomial generalized linear
models to estimate prevalence ratios in crude and adjusted models. Results: We included 1996 participants. The frequency of mask use was similar in both
years: 96.9% in 2020 and 95.5% in 2021. However, the frequency of correct
mask use significantly decreased from 81.9% (95% CI, 79.4-84.3) in 2020 to
60.3% (95% CI, 57.2-67.3) in 2021. In 2020, we observed an increase in the
probability of misuse in the cities of Lima (aRP: 1.42;
P = .021) and Chiclayo (aPR: 1.62,
P = .001), whereas, in 2021, we noted an increase in the
probability of misuse in the cities of Lima (aRP: 1.72;
P < .001) and Piura (aPR: 1.44;
P < .001). Conclusions: The correct mask use decreased during the second wave, although no
significant overall variations were observed in mask use in pedestrians
between both periods. Also, we found regional differences in correct mask
use in both periods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Percy Herrera-Añazco
- Universidad San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.,Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI), EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Latin American Network of COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
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19
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Urbán R, Paksi B, Miklósi Á, Saunders JB, Demetrovics Z. Non-adherence to preventive behaviours during the COVID-19 epidemic: findings from a community study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1462. [PMID: 34320977 PMCID: PMC8316539 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Preventive behaviours are an essential way to slow down and eliminate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to estimate adherence to preventive behaviors and to identify whether any subgroups were not adopting these behaviours and for whom greater engagement in these approaches was indicated. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we obtained data from a random sample of a panel representing men and women of adult age residing in Hungary (N = 5254). The survey included questions about the frequencies of preventive behaviours, perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. Results We found four factors of preventive behaviours: using physical barriers (mask and gloves), avoidance of close contacts, personal hygiene, and preparation. We identified two broadly adherent groups (36.8 and 45.3%) and two non-adherent groups (13.1 and 4.8%). Being male and being aged between 18 and 29 years were the strongest predictors of non-adherence. Concern about the severity of COVID-19 was a predictor of adherence. Conclusions To ensure maximal adherence to preventive behaviours for COVID-19, additional strategies should focus on their adoption by men and young adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11506-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Urbán
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Borbála Paksi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Miklósi
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John B Saunders
- the National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Psychology, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
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20
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus imposes a higher risk of complications and mortality among people with mental disorders. Until widely available vaccines, adherence to preventive behaviours remains the most crucial tool to prevent SARS/COVID-19 virus transmission. Our review focuses on the determinants of adherence behaviours. RECENT FINDINGS Adherence behaviours include the use of a face mask and protective gloves, personal hygienic behaviours (handwashing or using hand sanitiser), and keeping physical distance and avoiding social gatherings. In almost all studies, males and younger people show less adherence. Risk perception and health beliefs (especially perceived severity of COVID-19 related conditions) can explain the sex and age differences in adherence. Studies covering the impact of mental disorders on adherence are surprisingly missing, with the exception of smoking. SUMMARY Engaging men and young people in adopting preventive behaviours is crucial in protecting the whole community and specific vulnerable populations. There is a lack of studies investigating preventive behaviours among people living with mental disorders and addiction problems. Furthermore, descriptive and intervention studies are needed to understand and improve the adherence of this population to preventive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Addiction, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
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21
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Use of Respiratory Protection Devices by Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115834. [PMID: 34071661 PMCID: PMC8198429 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of face masks has assumed a leading spot among nonspecific prevention measures during the coronavirus pandemic. The effectiveness of this protective measure depends on the specifics of individual use. The purpose of our study was to analyze the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of face mask use was based on the results of a survey of medical students at Sechenov University. There were 988 participants in the study: 97.5% used RPE during the pandemic, 89.1% used disposable medical and hygienic face masks, 27.4% used reusable cloth face masks, and 13.2% used respirators. The majority of respondents (75.2%) were found to wear face masks correctly. However, 17.0% of the respondents were found to cover only their mouths with a face mask, while 7.8% reported often shifting their face mask under the chin due to perceived discomfort. Only 25.1% of respondents changed their disposable face mask after 2–3 h of wearing, while 13.0% decontaminated and used it several times. Most cloth face mask users (93.7%) decontaminated their marks, but only 55.7% of respondents did so daily. Face masks were most often worn in medical organizations (91.5%), and 1.4% of respondents did not use respiratory protection anywhere. In conclusion, we consider it necessary to introduce a special module on nonspecific prevention in the discipline of hygiene.
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