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Tang WK, Lee JCY. Association of Fast-Food Intake with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Young Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:3317. [PMID: 39408284 PMCID: PMC11478624 DOI: 10.3390/nu16193317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: High intake of fast food has been linked to increased risks of both depressive and anxiety disorders. However, associations between individual fast-food items and depressive/anxiety disorders are rarely examined. Method: Using cross-sectional survey the association between common fast-food items and depressive/anxiety symptoms among 142 young Hong Kong adults aged 18-27 years old was examined. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to measure the intake frequency of 22 common fast-food items found in Hong Kong. Occurrence of significant depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Primary measures were multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with the low intake frequency group for common fast-food items. Results: Our observations suggest that frequent intake of high-fat, -sugar, and -sodium fast-foods increased depressive symptoms, while frequent high-fat fast-food intake was associated with anxiety symptoms. However, frequent intake of sugar-free beverages reduced the risk of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Habitual intake of certain fast foods were related to depressive/anxiety symptoms in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kin Tang
- HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Mud Shukri MI, Minhat HS, Ahmad N, Ismail F, Kanthavelu C, Nurfarahin D, Ghazali WSW, Mohd Zulkefli NA. Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288618. [PMID: 37471310 PMCID: PMC10358990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had severe impacts on mental health status worldwide. Several studies have investigated the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in different countries, however, a systematic review on the research topic during COVID-19 is presently lacking in Malaysia's context. To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. METHODS To fill this gap, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Sagepub, CINAHL, Psychology, and Behavioral Sciences Collection were searched for relevant studies. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review. RESULTS The analyses showed that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress ranged from 14.3% to 81.7%, 8.0% to 81.7%, and 0.9% to 56.5% respectively. Adult populations demonstrated the highest prevalence of depression, whereas university students reported the highest prevalence of anxiety and stress. Several factors were associated with mental health conditions including age, gender, family income, and perception of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Differentials in mental health screening practices call for standardised screening practices. Mental health intervention should be targeted at high-risk populations with effective risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikhwan Mud Shukri
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chandramalar Kanthavelu
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dina Nurfarahin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syahirah Wan Ghazali
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seremban, Selangor, Malaysia
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Devi S, Kaushal S, Agnihotri G, Mittal N. Stress, Depression, and Anxiety of Female Adolescents of Higher Senior Secondary School: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study of Humanities, Commerce, and Science Streams. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S1050-S1052. [PMID: 37694057 PMCID: PMC10485412 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_229_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional, representative sample from adolescent girls of higher senior secondary schools was collected for the study. We analyzed the data from 600 Punjabi Indian female adolescents (200 from humanities, 200 from commerce, and 200 from science stream) aged 15-17 years who were randomly selected from government and private schools. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed by the DAS questionnaire. Overall prevalence was 50.8%, 58.7%, and 68% for depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. A significant difference was reported for depression (.000), anxiety (.000), and stress (.002) between adolescents of three streams. The results of the study point out that there is a necessity for some interventions to educate adolescent girls about the negative effects of stress, depression, and anxiety on their body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Devi
- Department of Anatomy, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Subhash Kaushal
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Agnihotri
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neeraj Mittal
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Pheh KS, Tan CS, Lee KW, Tay KW, Ong HT, Yap SF. Factorial structure, reliability, and construct validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7): Evidence from Malaysia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285435. [PMID: 37167230 PMCID: PMC10174505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common mental disorders in Malaysia. Psychometrically sound measurements are urgently needed to assess anxiety symptoms. The extensively used Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) is a promising candidate. However, studies on its factorial validity show mixed findings. While the one-factor solution has been replicated in different cultural contexts, some studies found different factorial structures instead. This study aimed to clarify the factorial validity of the English version of the GAD-7 in the Malaysian context. The responses collected from 1272 emerging to older adults in Malaysia were randomly divided into two halves and submitted to exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) respectively. Four acceptable models were explored in EFA ranging from unidimensional factor with 7 items to 3-factor models with 6 items. The four models revealed in EFA and the other competing models found in past studies were then examined and compared using CFA. The 6-item second-order model with a general factor of anxiety and three first-order factors with two items respectively (i.e., GAD-6) showed a more harmonic result and hence, is preferable. Moreover, the GAD-6 and its three subscales also showed satisfactory internal consistency and construct validity. This study uncovers a new and unique factorial structure of the GAD screening tool that fits in the Malaysian context. The scale may reveal GAD symptomatic dimensions that guide clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Shuen Pheh
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Seng Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Wai Tay
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Tin Ong
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long, Malaysia
| | - Sook Fan Yap
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Sungai Long, Malaysia
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Swed S, Shoib S, Khan U, El-Sakka AA, Almoshantaf MB, Hassan NAIF, Khairy LT, Bakkour A, Muwaili AHH, Motawea KR, Abdelmajid FAA, Mohammed Sharif Ahmad E, Alsharief Ahmed SM, Hasan MM, Sawaf B, Albuni MK, Battikh E, Zainabo A, Alibrahim H, Ghaith HS, Elkalagi NKH. Attitude of Syrian students toward GAD patients: An online cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:955321. [PMID: 36438207 PMCID: PMC9682247 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.955321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent condition and a significant cause of mental disability and poor quality of life. People with GAD have chronic worrying, restlessness, and discrimination from the general public; Little is known about the stigmatizing attitudes toward people with GAD among Syrian students. The questionnaires contained demographic data about age, gender, social status, personal stigma toward GAD scale, perceived stigma toward GAD scale, social distance with those with GAD, the participants' usual source of their knowledge about GAD, helpful interventions, and supporting information. A total of 1,370 replies were collected, but only 1,358 were used for analysis as 12 participants declined to complete the survey. About 44.1% of participants agreed that people with GAD could snap out of the problem, most of them being females (32.4% of the total population). Compared to medical students, more non-medical students (7.1% of the total population) believed that anxiety is a sign of personal weakness. This study demonstrated that Syrian college students showed a high level of stigmatizing and socially distancing attitudes toward people with GAD, particularly female and non-medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarya Swed
- Faculty of Medicine, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Ubaid Khan
- Faculty of Medicine, King Edward Medical University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Mohammad Badr Almoshantaf
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital, Damascus, Syria,*Correspondence: Mohammad Badr Almoshantaf
| | | | - Lina Taha Khairy
- Faculty of Medicine, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Agyad Bakkour
- Faculty of Medicine, Albaath University, Homs, Syria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Bisher Sawaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Elias Battikh
- Faculty of Medicine, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Asmaa Zainabo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
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Song H, Lee K. Increased Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder According to Frequent Sedentary Times Based on the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1548. [PMID: 36291484 PMCID: PMC9600332 DOI: 10.3390/children9101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the association between sedentary behavior and anxiety disorders in 53,510 Korean adolescents. It analyzed data from the 16th (2020) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The dependent variable was the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). The GAD-7 scores were divided into normal, mild, moderate, and severe levels. The independent variables were sedentary time for learning, other sedentary times, total sedentary time, and regular physical activity. The confounding variables were sex, grade, stress, depression, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, violent victimization, drinking, smoking, sleep satisfaction, and smartphone addiction. A chi-squared test, one-way analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used for analysis. After adjusting for all confounding variables, the risk of severe level in GAD-7 increased by 1.045 times each time the sedentary time for learning based on increased by one hour. In other sedentary time and total sedentary time, the risk of severe level in GAD-7 increased by 1.025 times and 1.045 times per hour, respectively. However, in regular physical activity, after adjusting for the confounding variables, there was no significant association with the GAD-7 levels. Therefore, to prevent generalized anxiety disorders in Korean adolescents, it is necessary to reduce the overall sedentary times including sedentary time for learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsun Song
- Department of Sports Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul 01794, Korea
| | - Kihyuk Lee
- Department of Sports Science Convergence, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
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7
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Gavurova B, Khouri S, Ivankova V, Rigelsky M, Mudarri T. Internet Addiction, Symptoms of Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Stress Among Higher Education Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:893845. [PMID: 35774570 PMCID: PMC9237380 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.893845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor mental health is a growing concern among young people during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of Internet addiction with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress in higher education students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to examine these mental health problems in the context of study-related characteristics. The research sample consisted of 3,099 participants from the Czech Republic (CZ: 1,422) and Slovak Republic (SK: 1,677). The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used to measure mental health problems. The analyses also included demographic data (gender and age) and study-related characteristics (form of study, degree of study, field of study, distance between college and home, and housing during the semester). Based on the results of frequency and descriptive analyses, the prevalence of mental health problems was high. The most serious levels of Internet addiction (IAT cut-off point ≥ 50), to which attention should be paid, were found in 3.5% of Czech and 6.2% of Slovak students. Using the standard cut-off point of GAD-7 ≥ 10, 14.1% of Czech and 11.6% of Slovak students were identified with anxiety symptoms. Regarding the PHQ-9 with the cut-off point ≥ 10, 23.4% of Czech and 19.1% of Slovak students had depressive symptoms, which should be addressed. Using the PSS cut-off point ≥ 27, 12.9% of Czech students and 9.1% of Slovak students perceived high stress. The quantile regression analysis showed that Internet addiction was positively associated with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress in all of the analyzed cases (p-value < 0.001). In terms of study-related characteristics, the binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for mental health problems in Czech and Slovak students were mainly full-time form of study and living away from home during the semester. Internet addiction, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and stress are issues that require increased attention, and professionals and policy-makers should implement interventions to effectively prevent and help students with psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gavurova
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Beata Gavurova
| | - Samer Khouri
- Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viera Ivankova
- Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Rigelsky
- Department of Marketing and International Trade, Faculty of Management and Business, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Tawfik Mudarri
- Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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Tan Y, Wu Z, Qu X, Liu Y, Peng L, Ge Y, Li S, Du J, Tang Q, Wang J, Peng X, Liao J, Song M, Kang J. Influencing Factors of International Students’ Anxiety Under Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,090 Chinese International Students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:860289. [PMID: 35496158 PMCID: PMC9046590 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted the following cross-sectional study to comprehensively assess the anxiety among Chinese international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic and its influencing factors. Methods Questionnaires were distributed through “Sojump,” and a total of 1,090 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: general situation and anxiety assessment of students. The former used a self-made questionnaire, and the international general GAD-7 scale was used to measure anxiety. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences between groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed for the factors with differences. Results Anxiety was found in 707 (64.9%) of 1,090 international students. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety was higher in the group under 22 years of age than in the group over 22 years of age (68% vs. 61%, p = 0.015; OR = 1.186, 95% CI 1.045–1.347, p = 0.008); International students living in big cities had a higher incidence of anxiety than those living in rural areas (67% vs. 60%, p = 0.022; OR = 1.419, 95%CI 1.038–1.859, p = 0.011); international students who socialized 3 times or less monthly had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who socialized more than 3 times per month (68% vs. 58%, p = 0.003; OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.160–1.992, p = 0.002); international students who expected purely online teaching had a higher incidence of anxiety than those who expected purely offline teaching or dual-track teaching (72% vs. 64%, p = 0.037; OR = 1.525, 95%CI 1.069–2.177, p = 0.02); international students with a subjective score of online learning experience of 6 or less had a higher incidence of anxiety than those with subjective scores of more than 6 (70% vs. 60%, p = 0.001, OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.099–1.422, p = 0.001). However, gender, emotional status, BMI, major of study, vaccination status, and degree type had no significant difference in the incidence of anxiety among international students who studied online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion During COVID-19, international students who were younger, came from big cities, had low social frequency, expected purely online teaching, and had poor experience of online classes were risk factors for anxiety during online classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Zhijian Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yuzhuo Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lele Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Wangwang Hospital of Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfeng Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiafen Liao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiyan Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Kang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Kang,
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Gavurova B, Ivankova V, Rigelsky M, Mudarri T, Miovsky M. Somatic Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression Among College Students in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:859107. [PMID: 35359763 PMCID: PMC8961809 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.859107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying in college can be a challenging time for many students, which can affect their mental health. In addition to academic pressure and stressful tasks, another aggravating factor in student life is the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms in Czech and Slovak college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate possible socio-demographic determinants of mental health problems. A total of 3,099 respondents participated in this cross-sectional study (Czech Republic: 1,422, Slovakia: 1,677). The analyzes included the Patient Health Questionnaire for somatic symptoms (PHQ-15), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder instrument (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9). Socio-demographic factors were gender, age, family structure, marital status, form of study, degree of study, year of study, field of study, distance between home and college, residence, and housing during the semester. Among Czech students, prevalence of somatic complaints, anxiety and depression was 72.2, 40.3, and 52%, respectively. Among Slovak students, prevalence of somatic complaints, anxiety and depression was 69.5, 34.6, and 47%, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the most severe mental health problems were identified in a non-negligible part of the sample (Czech Republic: PHQ-15 = 10.1%, GAD-7 = 4.9%, PHQ-9 = 3.4%; Slovakia: PHQ-15 = 7.4%, GAD-7 = 3.5%, PHQ-9 = 2.7%). Regarding the differences between the analyzed countries, a significantly higher score in somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression was identified in the Czech Republic. Significant differences in mental disorders were found in most socio-demographic characteristics. The main results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for mental health disorders in Czech and Slovak students were female gender, younger age, third degree of study, and study of Informatics, Mathematics, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Especially in the case of these high-risk groups of students, public policies should consider a response to impending problems. The findings are an appeal for a proactive approach to improving the mental health of students and for the implementation of effective prevention programs, which are more than necessary in the Czech and Slovak college environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gavurova
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viera Ivankova
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Institute of Earth Resources, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Rigelsky
- Department of Marketing and International Trade, Faculty of Management and Business, University of Prešov, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Tawfik Mudarri
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Institute of Earth Resources, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Michal Miovsky
- Department of Addictology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Michal Miovsky
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Rathakrishnan B, Singh SSB, Yahaya A, Kamaluddin MR, Aziz SFA. The Relationship Among Spirituality, Fear, and Mental Health on COVID-19 Among Adults: An Exploratory Research. Front Psychol 2022; 12:815332. [PMID: 35095699 PMCID: PMC8790181 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.815332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is impactful on all aspects of individuals' lives, particularly mental health due to the fear and spirituality associated with the pandemic. Thus, purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among fear, spirituality, and mental health on COVID-19 among adults in Malaysia. This study also examines spirituality as a mediator in relationship between fear and mental health. The study involved around 280 adults in Malaysia. This research is a quantitative study. Data analysis method (SEM-PLS) has been used for data analysis. Based on descriptive analysis, mental health questionnaire indicated that 60.0% of them are at a poor level of mental health whereas 57.5% of respondents showed a moderate level of COVID-19 fear, and 60.4% of respondents owned moderate level of spiritual well-being. The results also demonstrated that respondents that have a high level of fear would have a high level of mental health; interestingly, those with a high level of spirituality will have a lower level of mental health. Findings indicated that spirituality significantly mediated the relationship between fear and mental health. This research will help to demonstrate how important spirituality values to control mental health to be more positive among adults in Malaysia. The main contributions of this study are to help come out with new intervention method for those who are mentally ill and need help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balan Rathakrishnan
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Soon Singh Bikar Singh
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Yahaya
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fardaniah Abdul Aziz
- Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
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Kavitha K, Sikandar B, Joseph R. COVID-19 pandemic and nursing students: Stress, depression, and coping behaviors – An exploratory study. BLDE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_83_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Chaudhary AP, Sonar NS, Tr J, Banerjee M, Yadav S. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College Students in India: Cross-sectional Web-Based Study. JMIRX MED 2021; 2:e28158. [PMID: 34606521 PMCID: PMC8422937 DOI: 10.2196/28158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created a mental health crisis among college students in India due to lockdown restrictions, overwhelming numbers of COVID-19 cases, financial difficulty, etc. This mental health crisis has led to high degrees of fear, anxiety, and depression among college students. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate symptoms of fear, depression, and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic among college students in India. METHODS This cross-sectional web-based study was conducted using a Google Forms questionnaire. The Google Form included a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychometric scales evaluating the psychological and behavioral impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed in the study. RESULTS A total of 324 college students participated in this study, of whom 180 (55.6%) were male and 144 (44.4%) were female. After assessment of the psychometric scales, it was found that of the 324 students, 223 (68.8%) had high fear of COVID-19, 93 (28.7%) had moderate to severe depression, and 167 (51.5%) had mild to severe anxiety. Among the identified risk factors, having a family member who was infected with COVID-19 was significantly associated with anxiety and depression, with P values of .02 and .001, respectively. In addition, the correlations of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were found to be 0.492 and 0.474, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This research concludes that there is a very high fear of COVID-19 among students, along with anxiety and depression symptoms. This study also concludes that the Fear of COVID-19 Scale has a moderate positive correlation with the anxiety and depression scales, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Prashad Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Mallige College of Pharmacy Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore India
| | - Narayan Sah Sonar
- Department of Pharmacology Mallige College of Pharmacy Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore India
| | - Jamuna Tr
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Mallige College of Pharmacy Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore India
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics Mallige College of Pharmacy Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore India
| | - Shailesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Mallige College of Pharmacy Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Bangalore India
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