1
|
Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Heshmati J, Pirjani R, Moini A, Shafaatdoost M, Esmaeili M, Mardi-Mamaghani A, Nachvak SM, Sepidarkish M. The potential causal effect of the pre-pregnancy dietary phytochemical index on gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:447. [PMID: 38943050 PMCID: PMC11212247 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on the metabolism of glucose. This study aimed to clarify the possible causal effect of the pre-pregnancy dietary phytochemical index (DPI) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS In this prospective cohort study 1,856 pregnant women aged 18-45 years who were in their first trimester, were recruited and followed up until delivery. The dietary intakes of participants were examined using an interviewer-administered validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Inverse probability weighting (IPW) of propensity scores (PS), estimated from the generalized boosted model (GBM) were used to obtain a adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for potential confounders. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 369 (19.88%) women were diagnosed with GDM. DPI scores ranged from 6.09 to 89.45. There was no association between DPI scores and GDM (aRR: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92, 1.08; p trend = 0.922). When comparing DPI quartile 4 (most pro-phytochemical content) to quartile 1 (few phytochemical contents), there was no significant difference between them (aRR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.25; p = 0.852). Also, there was no significant difference between DPI quartile 3 and quartile 1 (aRR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.34; p = 0.741) as well as DPI quartile 2 and quartile 1 (aRR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.21; p = 0.593). CONCLUSIONS Although this data did not support the association between pre-pregnancy DPI scores and GDM, further cohort studies to ascertain the causal association between them are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Reihaneh Pirjani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Shafaatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Esmaeili
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azar Mardi-Mamaghani
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Population, Family and Spiritual Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beigrezaei S, Darabi Z, Nadjarzadeh A, Mirzaei M, Khayyatzadeh SS. Higher global diet quality score is inversely associated with odds of metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03446-3. [PMID: 38864866 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing research underscores the significance of diet quality in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Our study investigates the correlation between the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and MetS, along with its components, in Iranian adults. METHODS This study utilizes data from the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and includes a final analysis of 2,904 participants aged 20-70 years. Dietary data were gathered using food frequency questionnaires. MetS was defined in line with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. GDQS was derived by totaling the points across all 25 food groups, with scores ranging from 0 to 49. To examine the association between GDQS and MetS, multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted in both crude and adjusted models. RESULTS Participants who had the highest adherence to GDQS had a 20% lower chance of having MetS than those who had the lowest adherence after adjusting for confounding variables in Model II (T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, P-trend = 0.045). There was no association between GDQS and MetS components including increased blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, abdominal obesity and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in crude and adjusted models. CONCLUSION higher adherence to GDQS was inversely related to odds of MetS. Further longitudinal and clinical trials investigations are required to confirm these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Beigrezaei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Julius center for health sciences and primary car, University of Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zahra Darabi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8914715645, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8914715645, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tirani SA, Lotfi K, Shahdadian F, Hajhashemy Z, Rouhani P, Saneei P. Dietary Phytochemical Index in Relation to Metabolic Health Status, Serum Adropin, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Adults. Curr Dev Nutr 2024; 8:102103. [PMID: 38440363 PMCID: PMC10909649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of phytochemicals with metabolic health status and underlying mechanisms. Objectives Little is known about the relationship between dietary intake of phytochemicals with metabolic health status and underlying mechanisms. We hypothesized that dietary phytochemical index (DPI) improves metabolic health status by ameliorating serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and adropin. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 527 adults (286 males and 241 females). The dietary intakes of participants were collected by a 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and DPI was estimated as a percentage of energy intake derived from phytochemical-rich foods. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profiles, and biochemical variables were assessed. The metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype was determined based on the definition presented by Wildman et al. Results The MU phenotype was identified in 51.4% of male and 32.0% of female participants. Participants in the third tertile of DPI had 59% lower odds of MU than those in the first tertile (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87) after considering potential confounders. Stratified analysis by sex and body mass index indicated that DPI was inversely related to MU phenotype in females (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.97) and normal-weight individuals (OR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.62). DPI was also inversely associated with hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and chronic inflammation. Nonsignificant reduced odds of low BDNF (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.84) and adropin (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.79) were observed in individuals in the top tertile of DPI compared with those in the bottom tertile. Conclusions This study showed that individuals with higher dietary intake of phytochemicals had lower odds of MU, particularly females and normal-weight individuals. No significant relationship was observed between serum BDNF and adropin with phytochemical intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajhashemy
- Students’ Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Rouhani
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Seyed Hosseini SM, Khayyatzadeh SS, Madadizadeh F, Mazaheri‐Naeini M, Yavari M, Darabi Z, Beigrezaei S, Taftian M, Arabi V, Motallaei M, Salehi‐Abargouei A, Nadjarzadeh A. Dietary antioxidant status indices may not interact with CETP Taq1B polymorphism on lipid profile and severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients under coronary angiography. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1012-1022. [PMID: 38370072 PMCID: PMC10867504 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of CETP Taq1B polymorphism with some metabolic traits is still controversial. The interaction of adherence to dietary indices with this polymorphism on the severity of coronary artery stenosis and serum lipid parameters needs to be investigated. This study aimed to test this hypothesis. This cross-sectional study included 453 patients who were referred from Afshar Hospital of Yazd and undergoing coronary angiography from 2020 to 2021. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 178-item validated and reliable dietary questionnaire. Dietary indices such as dietary antioxidant index (DAI), dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS), and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) are determined according to dietary guidelines. The Taq1B variant was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). Two-way ANOVA was used to test the interaction between Taq1B polymorphism and dietary indices. The results of the frequency analysis of Taq1B genotypes showed that 10.4% were B1B1, 72.4% B1B2, and 17.2% B2B2. No significant interaction was found between the Taq1B variant with high adherence to DAQS, DAI, and DPI on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) levels, and Gensini score (GS) and Syntax score (SS). In high-adherence dietary indices, lipid profile and coronary artery stenosis scores did not differ significantly in Taq1B genotypes. Due to the insignificant results in this research, further studies are needed to investigate the role of Taq1B SNP in modulating dyslipidemia and the severity of the CAD in interaction with dietary indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Seyed Hosseini
- Afshar Hospital Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases Research InstituteShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Farzan Madadizadeh
- Center for healthcare Data modeling, Departments of biostatistics and EpidemiologyShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mahta Mazaheri‐Naeini
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Mahdie Yavari
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
| | - Zahra Darabi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Marzieh Taftian
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Vahid Arabi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Maryam Motallaei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Amin Salehi‐Abargouei
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kibera PW, Ofei-Tenkorang NA, Mullen C, Lear AM, Davidson EB. Food as medicine: a quasi-randomized control trial of two healthy food interventions for chronic disease management among ambulatory patients at an urban academic center. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2023; 24:e72. [PMID: 38126528 PMCID: PMC10790366 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423623000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, poor nutrition is a driver of many chronic diseases and is responsible for more deaths than any other risk factor. Accordingly, there is growing interest in the direct provision of healthy foods to patients to tackle diet-linked chronic diseases and mortality. AIM To assess the effect of two healthy food interventions in conjunction with nutrition counseling and education on select chronic disease markers, food insecurity, diet quality, depression, and on self-efficacy for healthy eating, healthy weight, and chronic disease management. METHODS This parallel-arm quasi-randomized control trial will be conducted between January 2022 and December 2023. Seventy adult patients recruited from a single academic medical center will be randomly assigned to receive either: i) daily ready-made frozen healthy meals or ii) a weekly produce box and recipes for 15 weeks. Participants will, additionally, take part in one individual nutrition therapy session and watch videos on healthy eating, weight loss, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Data on weight, height, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and diabetes and blood pressure medications will be collected in-person at the baseline visit and at 16 weeks from baseline and via medical chart review at six months and 12 months from enrollment. The primary outcome of the study is weight loss at 16 weeks from baseline. Pre- and post-intervention survey data will be analyzed for changes in food insecurity, diet quality, depression, as well as self-efficacy for health eating, healthy weight, and chronic disease management. Through retrospective chart review, patients who received standard of care will be matched to intervention group participants as controls based on body mass index, type 2 diabetes, and/or hypertension. FINDINGS By elucidating the healthy food intervention with better health outcomes, this study aims to offer evidence that can guide providers in their recommendations for healthy eating options to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peris W. Kibera
- Center for Family Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | | | - Chanda Mullen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Aaron M. Lear
- Center for Family Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Elliot B. Davidson
- Center for Family Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gamba M, Roa-Diaz ZM, Raguindin PF, Glisic M, Bano A, Muka T, Franco OH, Marques-Vidal P. Association between dietary phytochemical index, cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in Switzerland. The CoLaus study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2220-2232. [PMID: 37598028 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant-based diets are associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) and lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), probably via phytochemicals acting synergistically. However, dietary phytochemical content estimation is challenging; therefore, the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was proposed as a practical way to assess total dietary phytochemical content from phytochemical-rich foods (PRFs). We evaluated the association between DPI with CRFs and MetS and its components. METHODS AND RESULTS Cross-sectional analysis of 2009-2012 data of Colaus cohort study (Lausanne, Switzerland), including 3879 participants (mean age 57.6 ± 10.4 years, 53.5% women). Dietary intake was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated as the total energy intake percentage obtained from PRFs consumption and assessed as quartiles. Associations were determined using multivariable linear and logistic regression for CRFs and MetS, respectively. Median DPI value was 25.5 (interquartile range: 17.7-34.6). After multivariable-adjusted analyses, significant inverse associations were observed between the last two highest DPI quartiles and waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), insulin, leptin, and hs-CRP. No significant associations were observed for MetS or its components except for central obesity, as subjects in the highest DPI quartile had lower odds (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.97) than those in lowest quartile. CONCLUSION A diet high in PRFs assessed via DPI is associated with lower WC, BMI, insulin, leptin, hs-CRP values, and lower odds of central obesity, indicating a potential protective effect of phytochemical intake on these CRFs and highlighting the importance of high PRFs intake in promoting cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Gamba
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Zayne M Roa-Diaz
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Francis Raguindin
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Arjola Bano
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taulant Muka
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Global Public Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tirani SA, Lotfi K, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P. The relation between dietary phytochemical index and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12059. [PMID: 37491451 PMCID: PMC10368731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have rarely investigated dietary phytochemicals consumption in relation to metabolic health of adolescents. The current study was performed to investigate dietary phytochemical index (DPI) in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 adolescents with overweight or obesity. Dietary intakes of participants were obtained through a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated [(dietary energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kcal)/total daily energy intake (kcal)) ⨯100]. Glycemic and lipid profiles, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices were also measured. A metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) profile was determined based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and IDF/Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) definitions. Study subjects had a mean age of 13.98 years and 50.2% of them were girls. According to IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, 38.9% (37 boys, and 42 girls) and 33% (35 boys, and 32 girls) of the study participants were respectively MUO. According to IDF and IDF/HOMA-IR definitions, adolescents in the third DPI tertile had respectively 61% (maximally-adjusted OR = 0.39, 95%CI 0.16-0.91) and 67% (maximally-adjusted OR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.13-0.83) lower odds of being MUO, compared to the first tertile. Stratified analysis by sex indicated that DPI was inversely related to MUO phenotype based on IDF criteria in girls (maximally-adjusted OR = 0.25, 95%CI 0.06-0.98), but not in boys. The current study found that adolescents with a higher dietary intake of phytochemicals have lower odds of being MUO, particularly among girls. However, further large-scale prospective cohort studies are required to confirm this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han YJ, Baek JH, Jung SK, Yang JS, Shin NR, Park MY. Association between the Dietary Phytochemical Index and Lower Prevalence of Obesity in Korean Preschoolers. Nutrients 2023; 15:2439. [PMID: 37299402 PMCID: PMC10255342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding Korean preschooler dietary phytochemical index (DPIs). We used the 24 h recall data of 1196 participants aged 3-5 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to study the association between dietary food intake and obesity prevalence. The amount of dietary intake by food group was compared according to sex and DPI quartile. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression models. The average total DPI and energy from phytochemical food groups were not significantly different according to sex, although boys had a higher total daily food intake. Different inclinations between DPI quartiles and amount of intake were observed in the food groups; specifically, beans showed a higher intake difference between Q1 and Q4 for boys than in the other food groups. The highest DPI quartile had a significantly lower obesity prevalence than the lowest DPI quartile in all models for boys only when obesity prevalence by weight percentile was analyzed (Model 3, OR: 0.287, 95% CI: 0.095-0.868, p for trend < 0.05). Our results suggest a high DPI could help prevent obesity in preschoolers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Hyun Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Woori Children’s Hospital, Seoul 08291, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.B.); (S.-K.J.)
| | - Seong-Kwan Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Woori Children’s Hospital, Seoul 08291, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.B.); (S.-K.J.)
| | - Joshua SungWoo Yang
- Healthcare Development Head, R&D Center, NGeneBio Inc., Seoul 08390, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (N.-R.S.)
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- Healthcare Development Head, R&D Center, NGeneBio Inc., Seoul 08390, Republic of Korea; (J.S.Y.); (N.-R.S.)
| | - Mi-Young Park
- Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nouri M, Soltani M, Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi M, Rafieipour N, Askarpour M, Najafi M, Faghih S. Dietary Antioxidant Capacity Indices are Negatively Correlated to LDL-Oxidation in Adults. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:5446163. [PMID: 36950308 PMCID: PMC10027462 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5446163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Former research studies have demonstrated controversial associations between dietary indices and oxidative stress biomarkers including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA). So, in this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the association of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), oxidative balance score, and phytochemical index (PI) with ox-LDL/MDA in a healthy adult population of Shiraz, Iran. METHODS 236 individuals participated in this cross-sectional study. DTAC, OBS, and PI were calculated using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was previously validated in Iran. We measured ox-LDL and MDA in blood samples of the participants using commercially existing kits. Crude and adjusted models of linear regression were used to evaluate the relation of dietary indices with ox-LDL and MDA. RESULTS There was a significant association between ox-LDL and DTAC in both crude (β = -1.55; 95% CI: -2.53, -0.58; P-trend = 0.002) and adjusted (β = -1.65 95% CI: -2.66, -0.64; P-trend = 0.001) models. Also, a negative association was observed between ox-LDL and PI in the crude (β = -1.26 95% CI: -2.33, -0.29; P-trend = 0.01) and adjusted (β = -1.36 95% CI: -2.38, -0.34; P-trend = 0.01) models. CONCLUSION Results of this study showed that DTAC and PI were inversely associated with ox-LDL as markers of lipid peroxidation. But no correlations were seen between MDA and dietary antioxidant indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Soltani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Rajabzadeh-Dehkordi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mirzababaei A, Taheri A, Rasaei N, Mehranfar S, Jamili S, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. The relationship between dietary phytochemical index and resting metabolic rate mediated by inflammatory factors in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:313. [PMID: 35879706 PMCID: PMC9317090 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Unhealthy dietary patterns are the most important modifiable risk factors for obesity and overweight. This study aimed to examine the relationship between Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and resting metabolic rate (RMR), mediated by inflammatory factors, in overweight and obese women.
Methods
A total of 404 women, aged 18–48 years, were included in the cross-sectional study. DPI was calculated using the 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Anthropometric measurements, RMR, and blood biomarkers were assessed using standard protocols.
Results
There was marginally significant association between adherence to DPI and RMR status in the crude model (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 0.94–2.11, P = 0.09). After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant association was seen between the DPI and increase RMR.per.kg (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 0.98–7.82, P = 0.05). Our results indicated that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), transforming growth factor (TGF-β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) had a mediatory effect on the association between RMR and DPI (P > 0.05). Indeed, it was shown that, PAI-1, TGF-β, and MCP-1 destroyed the significance of this association and could be considered as mediating markers. However, no mediating effect was observed for high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).
Conclusions
Adherence to DPI can improve the RMR by reducing levels of inflammatory markers, and may be considered as a treatment for obesity. However, more long-term studies are recommended.
Collapse
|
11
|
Santhiravel S, Bekhit AEDA, Mendis E, Jacobs JL, Dunshea FR, Rajapakse N, Ponnampalam EN. The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158124. [PMID: 35897699 PMCID: PMC9332059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. The microbiota is involved in several critical physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and related physiological functions and plays a crucial role in determining the host’s health. The habitual consumption of specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering gut microbiota diversity and function and could manipulate health. Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant components that can modify the composition of gut microflora through selective stimulation of proliferation or inhibition of certain microbial communities in the intestine. Plants secrete these components, and they accumulate in the cell wall and cell sap compartments (body) for their development and survival. These compounds have low bioavailability and long time-retention in the intestine due to their poor absorption, resulting in beneficial impacts on gut microbiota population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals to humans and animals may offer a path to improve the gut microbiome resulting in improved performance and/or health and wellbeing. This review discusses the effects of phytochemicals on the modulation of the gut microbiota environment and the resultant benefits to humans; however, the effect of phytochemicals on the gut microbiota of animals is also covered, in brief.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarusha Santhiravel
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eresha Mendis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei C, Liu L, Liu R, Dai W, Cui W, Li D. Association between the Phytochemical Index and Overweight/Obesity: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071429. [PMID: 35406041 PMCID: PMC9002681 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies suggest that a higher phytochemical index (PI) is associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity. This meta-analysis is performed to summarize published studies on the relationship of PI and the risk of overweight/obesity. We searched on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the inception dates to February 2022. The random-effect model was used based on heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The dose–response relationship was assessed using a restricted cubic spline model. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 100,753 participants. The meta-analysis showed that the phytochemical index was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. The pooled OR (95% CI) was 0.81 (0.74–0.90). The findings from dose–response analysis showed a nonlinear association between the phytochemical index and the risk of overweight/obesity. The results of the meta-regression showed that gender and area were significant covariates influencing the heterogeneity between studies. There was no publication bias in the meta-analysis of this study. In conclusion, although this meta-analysis indicates that a high phytochemical index is associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity, all the studies included in this meta-analysis were cross-sectional studies with high heterogeneity. As such, more data from randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of PI in evaluating the risk of overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Wei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Renli Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Wenwen Dai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China;
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-431-85619455 (W.C.); +86-431-85619476 (D.L.)
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China; (C.W.); (L.L.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (D.L.); Tel.: +86-431-85619455 (W.C.); +86-431-85619476 (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The association between dietary phytochemical index with depression and quality of life in iranian adolescent girls. Biopsychosoc Med 2022; 16:5. [PMID: 35109893 PMCID: PMC8811992 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that the dietary intake of phytochemicals is inversely associated with severity of depression and positively associated with quality of life (QoL). The present study investigated the relationship between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with depression and QoL scores in Iranian adolescent girls. Methods A total of 733 adolescent girls from Mashhad and Sabzevar cities in northeastern Iran were entered into this cross-sectional study. Assessment of depression and QoL was performed utilizing the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and SF-12v2 questionnaire, respectively. Assessment of dietary intake was undertaken by a qualified dietitian, using a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 168 food items. To explore the association between DPI with QoL and depression, logistic regression was used in crude and adjusted models. Results The participants in the fourth quartile of DPI compared with the first quartile had a 50% lower odds of depression (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.30-0.84, P = 0.009) This relation remained significant in all adjusted models. The adolescents in highest quartile of DPI compared with the first quartile had 38% lower odds of poor QoL (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41-0.94, P = 0.02). This association remained significant in adjusted models I and II, but not after adjusting for all confounding variables (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.43-1.02, P = 0.06) (Model III). Conclusions DPI was inversely associated with risk of depression. The association between DPI score and QoL remained unclear. Further prospective and interventional studies are required.
Collapse
|