1
|
Mahmoudzadeh Khalili S, Simpkins C, Yang F. A Meta-Analysis of Fall Risk in Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:781-788.e3. [PMID: 38378160 PMCID: PMC11065606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Falls are the leading cause of injuries in older adults. Although it is well recognized that Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the fall risk of older adults, the reported fall risk in people with AD varies drastically. The principal purpose of this study was to summarize and synthesize previous studies reporting fall risk-related metrics in people with AD. DESIGN This was a meta-analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one studies reporting relevant fall data among 4654 older adults with AD were included. METHODS The fall prevalence, average number of falls, rate of recurrent fallers, and rate of injured fallers of included studies were meta-analyzed using random-effects models with inverse variance weights. RESULTS The pooled annual fall prevalence in older people with AD is 44.27% with an average annual number of falls of 1.30/person and a yearly rate of recurrent fallers of 42.08%. The reported rate of injured fallers was 45.0%. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results reinforce that people with AD experience a higher fall risk than their cognitively healthy counterparts. The pooled fall metrics in this meta-analysis extend our understanding of the fall risk in people with AD. In addition, standardized approaches are needed to report fall-related data for people with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Simpkins
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Simpkins C, Khalili SM, Yang F. Meta-Analysis-Based Comparison of Annual Fall Risk between Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. ADVANCES IN GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND RESEARCH 2024; 6:e240002. [PMID: 38725433 PMCID: PMC11081206 DOI: 10.20900/agmr20240002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Falls are a primary cause of injuries and hospitalization in older adults. It has been reported that cognitive impairments and dementia can increase fall risk in the older population; however, it remains unknown if fall risk differs among subgroups of dementia. This meta-analysis summarized previous studies reporting the annual fall risk of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and compared the fall risk between these two groups of people with dementia. Methods Thirty-five studies enrolling 7844 older adults with AD or MCI were included. The annual fall prevalence and average number of falls of the included studies were meta-analyzed and compared by random-effects models with inverse variance weights. Results The annual fall prevalence in people with AD (43.55%) was significantly higher than MCI (35.26%, p < 0.001). A χ2 test indicated that the pooled fall prevalence is significantly higher in people with AD than MCI χ2 = 158.403, p < 0.001). Additionally, the yearly average number of falls in AD was higher than in MCI (1.30 vs 0.77 falls/person). Conclusions The results showed that older people with AD experience a higher annual fall prevalence with a larger number of falls than older adults with MCI. The results suggested that the fall risk measurements should be reported separately between people with AD and MCI. The findings could provide preliminary guidance for the identification of individuals with dementia who experience a high fall risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Simpkins
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sara Mahmoudzadeh Khalili
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, He L, Shi K, Wu Y, Lin S, Fang Y. Interpretable Machine Learning for Fall Prediction Among Older Adults in China. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:579-586. [PMID: 37087076 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falls in older adults are potentially devastating, whereas an accurate fall risk prediction model for community-dwelling older Chinese is still lacking. The objective of this study was to build prediction models for falls and fall-related injuries among community-dwelling older adults in China. METHODS This study used data (Waves 2015 and 2018) from 5,818 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. A total of 107 input variables at the baseline level were regarded as candidate features. Five machine learning algorithms were used to build the 3-year fall and fall-related injury risk prediction models. SHapley Additive exPlanations was used for the prediction model explanation. Analyses were conducted in 2022. RESULTS The logistic regression model achieved the best performance among fall and fall-related injury prediction models with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.739 and 0.757, respectively. Experience of falling was the most important feature in both models. Other important features included basic activity of daily living, instrumental activity of daily living, depressive symptoms, house tidiness, grip strength, and sleep duration. The important features unique to the fall model were house temperature, sex, and flush toilets, whereas lung function, smoking, and Internet access were exclusively related to the fall-related injury model. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the optimal models hold promise for screening out older adults at high risk for falls in facilitated targeted interventions. Fall prevention strategies should specifically focus on fall history, physical functions, psychological factors, and home environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingxiao He
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kewei Shi
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yafei Wu
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaowu Lin
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Center for Aging and Health Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed W, Muhammad T, Muneera K. Prevalence of early and late onset of chronic diseases and multimorbidity and its association with physical, mental and functional health among older Indian adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:563. [PMID: 37710170 PMCID: PMC10502995 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying people with early and late onset of chronic conditions might help target the subpopulations that are more vulnerable to negative mental, physical and functional health outcomes. The current study aimed to examine the association of early and late onset of chronic single and multiple morbidities with self-perceived physical and mental health, functional limitations and physical inactivity among older Indian adults. METHODS Cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017-2018). The total sample size for the present study was 31,386 older adults age 60 years or older. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish the association between the outcomes (poor perceived physical/mental health, functional difficulty and physical inactivity) and explanatory variables (early [ = < 50 years of age] and late [> 50 years]) onset of chronic illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, heart attack, heart disease, stroke, cancer, lung disease, arthritis, osteoporosis and psychiatric disease). RESULTS Overall, 24.21% of the sample population had poor self-perceived physical health, whereas 8.67% of participants had poor self-perceived mental health. The prevalence of difficulty in ADL, difficulty in IADL, and physical inactivity was 23.77%, 48.36%, and 68.9%, respectively. Odds of poor perceived mental health were higher for the respondents with early as well as late onset of hypertension, stroke, and arthritis; while individuals with late onset of diabetes, and heart disease had higher odds of poor perceived mental health than those without chronic disease. Individuals with early onset of single morbidity were more likely to report ADL difficulty (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.33, confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.67); while those with late onset of single (AOR: 1.34, CI: 1.17-1.53) and multimorbidity (AOR: 1.91, CI: 1.63-2.24) were more likely to report ADL difficulty compared with individuals without morbidity. Individuals with early as well as late-onset of multimorbidity had more than two times higher odds of reporting poor physical health, poor mental health and IADL difficulty compared with individuals without chronic disease. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that early and/or late onset of chronic single and/or multiple morbidities significantly predicted poor self-perceived physical and mental health, functional limitations and physical inactivity among older Indian adults. The findings further suggest that late onset of chronic diseases such as cancer and stroke and multi-morbidity had stronger associations with physical inactivity that may help identify high risk groups for screening and support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waquar Ahmed
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - K Muneera
- National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Devassy SM, Scaria L. Prevalence and risk factors for falls in community-dwelling older population in Kerala; results from a cross sectional survey. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18737. [PMID: 37593613 PMCID: PMC10428049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Falls and their incapacitating effects are a significant concern for older people, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Falls are a significant concern among older people which requires immediate public health action. The current study examines multiple fall risk factors among community-dwelling older people in Kerala, India, to devise prevention strategies. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and May 2020 among the community-dwelling older population aged 60 and above. Data was collected through door-knock surveys using standardized scales. Fall history and associated risks were the primary outcome variables, whereas behavioral and cognitive risk factors of depression, anxiety and stress were the other factors. Results The study included 301 older people (aged over 60) from 573 households and found the prevalence of falls in the last year was 37.5%. Older women with moderate levels of physical activity, cognitive symptoms of anxiety and stress, and who are unemployed had higher chances of falls risk. Further, older people with higher functional disability and average and below self-rated health had higher chances of fall risk in the current population. Anxiety was the only significant risk factor which was statistically significant in multiple regression model. Conclusion The older population with a combined risk of behavioral and cognitive factors is at higher odds of fall-related risk in Kerala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saju Madavanakadu Devassy
- Department of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
- International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
- Honorary Fellow, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | - Lorane Scaria
- Department of Social Work, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
- International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala, 683104, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bai X, Han B, Zhang M, Liu J, Cui Y, Jiang H. The association between diuretics and falls in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 52:106-114. [PMID: 37290215 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diuretic intake increases the risk of falling. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent correlations between diuretics and falls. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship between diuretic use and risk of falls in older adult individuals. METHODS Six databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched from their inception to November 9, 2022. The risk of bias was independently evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. A comprehensive meta-analysis was used to analyze the eligible studies. RESULTS Fifteen articles were analyzed. Studies have shown that diuretics can increase the risk of falls in older adult individuals. The probability of falls in older adult individuals who used diuretics was 1.185 times higher than in those who did not take diuretics. CONCLUSION Diuretics were significantly associated with an increased risk of falls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- School of Medical, Yan'an University, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muneera K, Muhammad T, Pai M, Ahmed W, Althaf S. Associations between intrinsic capacity, functional difficulty, and fall outcomes among older adults in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9829. [PMID: 37330570 PMCID: PMC10276857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The construct of intrinsic capacity (IC) in the context of integrated care for older adults emphasizes functional assessment from a holistic perspective. It provides reliable and comparable insights on subsequent functioning and disability. Given the paucity of research on IC and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the present study examined the association of IC with geriatric conditions of functional limitations and multiple fall outcomes among older adults in India. The data used for analysis come from the first wave of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017-2018. The final sample size contains 24,136 older adults (11,871 males and 12,265 females) age 60 years or above. Multivariable binary logistic regression is employed to examine the association of IC and other explanatory factors with outcome variables of difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), falls, fall injury, and multiple falls. Of the total sample, 24.56% of older adults were observed to be in the high IC category. The prevalence of ADL difficulty, IADL difficulty, falls, multiple falls and fall-related injury is estimated to be 19.89%, 45.00%, 12.36%, 5.49% and 5.57%, respectively. Older adults who reported high IC had a significantly lower prevalence of ADL difficulty (12.26% vs 22.38%) and IADL difficulty (31.13% vs 49.52%) than those who reported low IC. Similarly, a lower prevalence of falls (9.42% vs 13.34%), fall-related injury (4.10% vs 6.06%) and multiple falls (3.46% vs 6.16%) were reported among those who had high IC. After adjusting for a large number of confounders such as age, sex, health-related attributes and lifestyle behaviors, older adults with high IC had significantly lower odds of ADL difficulty [aOR: 0.63, CI: 0.52-0.76], IADL difficulty [aOR: 0.71, CI: 0.60-0.83], falls [aOR: 0.80, CI: 0.67-0.96], multiple falls [aOR: 0.73, CI: 0.58-0.96] and fall-related injury [aOR: 0.78, CI: 0.61-0.99]. That a high IC was independently associated with a lower risk of functional difficulty and fall outcomes in later life is of enormous value in predicting subsequent functional care needs. More specifically, the findings here imply that because regular IC monitoring can predict poor health outcomes in older adults, improvements in IC should be prioritized while formulating disability and fall prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Muneera
- National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400088, India.
| | - Manacy Pai
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Waquar Ahmed
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - S Althaf
- National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li D, Zha F, Wang Y. Association Between Falling and Activities of Daily Living Measured by the Longshi Scale in Patients Poststroke: A Cross-sectional Study. J Nurs Care Qual 2023; 38:E25-E31. [PMID: 36729956 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activities of daily living comprise an important risk factor for falls among patients who have suffered a stroke. PURPOSE To investigate the incidence of falls in patients with stroke, categorized by their Longshi grades (bedridden, domestic, community), and to explore their risk factors for falls. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Patients completed a survey during face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Of the 869 participants, 15.7% experienced a fall. Those in the domestic Longshi group had the highest rate of falls. Approximately 30% experienced either a moderate or severe injury as a result of falling. In addition, being older than 70 years was significantly correlated with fall risk. Intermediate Longshi grades, from moderately dependent to slightly dependent, were also positively correlated with falls. CONCLUSION Patients with stroke in the domestic Longshi group have a higher rate of falls. The risk of falling increased significantly in those with intermediate Longshi grades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu PC, Hsin HT, Huang YC, Chung RJ, Lin IJ, Wang BL, Chen CF, Sun CA, Tang SE, Huang SH, Chien WC, Chiang CH. Standardized rate of hospitalization for violent injuries among different generations in counties and cities in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33172. [PMID: 36897711 PMCID: PMC9997829 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to understand the distribution of the standardized rate of hospitalization for violent injuries in counties and cities in Taiwan. The ICD-9 diagnosis code N-codes 995.5 (abused child) and 995.8 (abused adult) or E-code E960-E969 (homicide and intentional injury by others) were defined as research cases. The study analyzed the standardized medical treatment rate of children and adolescents aged 0 to 17, adults aged 18 to 64, and older adults over 65 years old suffering from violence for the first time. During the 15-year period, the counties and cities with the highest rate of medical treatment for violent injuries among children (unit: per 105 people) were Pingtung County (33.1 males, 22.9 females), Lienchiang County (8.8 males, 9.8 females), and New Taipei City (8.2 males, 8.8 females). For adults, Pingtung County (73.2 males, 36.8 females), New Taipei City (26.0 males, 14.3 females), and Yunlin County (19.7 males, 7.7 females) registered the highest rates. For older adults, Pingtung County (33.6 persons), New Taipei City (12.5 persons), Yun Lin County (11.2 persons), and Taichung City (9.2 persons) registered the highest rates. The highest rates of older female adults receiving treatment were recorded in Pingtung County (15.1 persons), Yunlin County (9.0 persons), Taichung City (5.5 persons), and New Taipei City (5.1 persons). With the Poisson regression model, the relative risk ratio of seeking medical care owing to violence in Pingtung County (reference: Taipei City) was 25.1 times for children, 20.1 times for adults, and 11.7 times for older adults. The counties and cities with higher rates of violent medical treatment for adults and older adults during the 15-year period were Pingtung County, New Taipei City, and Yunlin County. For children and adolescents, Pingtung County, Lienchiang County, and New Taipei City recorded the highest rates. Pingtung County had the highest risk of sexual violence. These results may be related to the local industrial structure, demographic composition, and other characteristics explained in the text.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Ching Yu
- Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Tsung Hsin
- Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Iau-Jin Lin
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fu Chen
- Amed Advanced Medication Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center for Technology Transfer and Resources Integration, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trend Distribution of Violent Injuries in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137874. [PMID: 35805542 PMCID: PMC9265989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to understand the trend distribution of violent injuries in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. It used the data of outpatient, emergency, and hospitalization of 2 million people in the National Health Insurance sample from 2000 to 2015. We analyzed children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as children, 0–17 years old), adults (18–64 years old), and The Elderly (over 65 years old) who suffered for the first time. The standardized rate of medical treatment for violent injuries was compared annually using the Poisson regression method. A total of 11,077 victims (7163 men, 3914 women) suffered violence during the 15 years, and the standardized rate of medical treatment for violence in adults dropped from 6.01 (1/104) in 2001 to 2.58 (1/104) in 2015. The standardized rate of medical treatment in adults over the years was higher than that in children (2.962001, 1.232015) and The Elderly (3.522001, 1.622015). The medical treatment rate of the adult generation is higher than that of the children and the elderly. The relative hazard ratio (RR) decreased from 2.38 in 2001 to 1.13 in 2014 (but the RR in 2014 was not significant). Furthermore, the rate of adult violence treatment has been decreasing every year, which shows that the government has achieved remarkable results in general violence prevention. With the accelerated aging of Taiwan’s population, it is expected that older adults exposed to the risk of violence will also increase and become more serious. Therefore, the government should continue to pay attention to this issue.
Collapse
|