1
|
Novoa-Sanzana S, Moya-Osorio J, Morejón Terán Y, Ríos-Castillo I, Becerra Granados LM, Prada Gómez G, Ramos de Ixtacuy M, Fernández Condori RC, Nessier MC, Guerrero Gómez A, González-Céspedes L, Nava-González EJ, Pérez Ocampo L, Castillo-Albarracín AN, Durán-Agüero S. Food insecurity and sociodemographic factors in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e21. [PMID: 38576847 PMCID: PMC10993803 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To understand the association of food insecurity with sociodemographic factors in a sample population in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 10 countries in Latin America using an online survey through various digital platforms from October 14, 2020 to February 15, 2021. Statistical analysis of data was performed by applying descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Results Of a total of 6 357 surveys, 58.2% of respondents experienced food security, 29.3% were slightly food insecure, 9.2% were moderately food insecure, and 3.3% were severely food insecure. Concerning the association food insecurity and sociodemographic variables, there is a significant association in the variables studied, including area of residence, education level, occupation, number of persons in the household, household with children younger than 10 years of age, and socioeconomic level. Conclusions These findings indicate that sociodemographic factors associated with food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America were rural residence; complete and incomplete basic and secondary schooling; occupation (homemaker, unemployed, and self-employed); low, medium-low, and medium socioeconomic level; household with more than four persons; and household with children younger than 10 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Novoa-Sanzana
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la SaludUniversidad San SebastiánSede Los LeonesProvidenciaChileFacultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Providencia, Chile.
| | - José Moya-Osorio
- Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaDepartamento de Ciencias de la SaludFacultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChileCarrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yadira Morejón Terán
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología ClínicaFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio EspejoUniversidad UTEQuitoEcuadorCentro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Israel Ríos-Castillo
- Food Security and NutritionUnited Nations Food and Agriculture OrganizationPanama CityPanamaFood Security and Nutrition, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Panama City, Panama.
| | - Luis Miguel Becerra Granados
- Departamento de Alimentación y NutriciónPontificia Universidad Javeriana de CaliCaliColombiaDepartamento de Alimentación y Nutrición, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Gloria Prada Gómez
- Retired consultantformerly of Universidad Industrial de SantanderBucaramangaColombiaRetired consultant, formerly of Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Mónica Ramos de Ixtacuy
- Unidad de NutriciónMinisterio de Salud Publica y Asistencia SocialTotonicapánGuatemalaUnidad de Nutrición, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social, Totonicapán, Guatemala.
| | - Roxana Carla Fernández Condori
- Nutrición y AlimentaciónUniversidad Del Sagrado CorazónLa MolinaPeruNutrición y Alimentación, Universidad Del Sagrado Corazón, La Molina, Peru.
| | - María Celeste Nessier
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Católica de Santa FeSanta FeArgentinaInstituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Santa Fe, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ana Guerrero Gómez
- ConsultantUniversidad Tecnológica de El SalvadorSan SalvadorEl SalvadorConsultant, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador.
| | - Laura González-Céspedes
- Universidad Nacional de AsunciónFacultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dirección de InvestigaciónDepartamento de NutriciónSan LorenzoParaguayUniversidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Dirección de Investigación, Departamento de Nutrición, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.
| | - Edna J. Nava-González
- Facultad de Salud Pública y NutriciónUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónSan Nicolas de los GarzaMéxicoFacultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, México.
| | - Luisa Pérez Ocampo
- Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaUniversidad Del DesarrolloSantiagoChileCarrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la SaludUniversidad San SebastiánSede Los LeonesProvidenciaChileFacultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Providencia, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Al-kassab-Córdova A, Villarreal-Zegarra D, Bendezu-Quispe G, Robles-Valcárcel P, Herrera-Añazco P, Benites-Zapata VA. Socio-demographic, migratory and health-related determinants of food insecurity among Venezuelan migrants in Peru. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2982-2994. [PMID: 37944992 PMCID: PMC10755391 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors associated with food insecurity (FI) among Venezuelan migrants residing in Peru. Secondarily, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). DESIGN A cross-sectional study based on secondary data analysis of the 2022 Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru Survey (ENPOVE-2022, from the Spanish acronym) was conducted. FI was measured with the FIES, whose properties were tested using the Rasch model. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate relative prevalence ratios with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals. SETTING This survey was conducted in February and March 2022 in the eight cities most populated by Venezuelan migrants and refugees in Peru. PARTICIPANTS Venezuelan migrants and refugees over the age of 18 years living in Peru. RESULTS A total of 7727 participants were included. Rasch reliability was adequate (0·73). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe FI was 36·71 %, 31·14 % and 10·48 %, respectively. Being aged 25-34 and 35-44 years, unemployed, uninsured, having no formal education or secondary, illegal status, living in a dwelling with 2-4 and more than 4 people, presenting one or more than one chronic disease, residing in Peru for 0-6 months and perceived discrimination were associated with a higher probability of moderate FI. Furthermore, having secondary education, being unemployed, uninsured, never married, illegal, residing in Tumbes, presenting one or more than one chronic disease and perceived discrimination were significantly associated with severe FI. CONCLUSION Four out of ten Venezuelan migrants residing in Peru presented moderate to severe FI. The FIES showed adequate psychometric properties. Differences in the socio-demographic, health and migratory factors associated with FI levels were found. Inter-sectoral and multi-sectoral interventions are needed and should be focused on addressing the determinants of FI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guido Bendezu-Quispe
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Filial de Ica, Ica, Peru
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Valladares-Garrido MJ, Zapata-Castro LE, García-Vicente A, León-Figueroa DA, Huamani-Colquichagua Y, Huaman-Garcia M, Calle-Preciado RE, Valladares-Garrido D, Díaz-Vélez C, Failoc-Rojas VE, Vera-Ponce VJ, Pereira-Victorio CJ. Food insecurity in Piura, Peru, in the context of post-earthquake and the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1142550. [PMID: 37529432 PMCID: PMC10389717 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1142550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Piura, located in a seismic zone, faces challenges related to food security. The aim of this study was to analyze aspects related to food insecurity in the region following the 6.1-magnitude earthquake that occurred in 2021, within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A secondary analysis was performed in 177 people exposed to the earthquake in Piura. Food insecurity was assessed with the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Its association with insomnia, resilience, anxiety/depressive symptoms, and general variables were determined using generalized linear models. Results Food insecurity was observed in 31.1% (95% CI: 24.3-38.4) of participants. This prevalence was higher in people with mild (PR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.12-2.70) and moderate (PR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.09-2.22) anxiety symptoms, severe depressive symptoms (PR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.24-6.03), and previous exposure to the El Niño Phenomenon (PR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.06-2.81). An income higher than 5000 Peruvian soles (approximately 1300 US dollars) was associated with a lower prevalence of food insecurity (PR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13-0.40). Conclusions Overall, three out of 10 individuals experienced food insecurity after the 2021 earthquake in Piura. Food insecurity may be aggravated by mental disorders, previous exposure to the El Niño phenomenon, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study contributes to the field by exploring a range of variables related to food insecurity in a unique context: post-earthquake and during the COVID-19 health emergency in Peru. These findings enhance our understanding of food insecurity at the regional level and highlight the need for preventive food security programs in seismic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | - Darwin A. León-Figueroa
- Emerge, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Cambio Climático, Lima, Peru
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Danai Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Red Peruana de Salud Colectiva, Lima, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Unidad de investigación para la generación y síntesis de evidencias en salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Víctor J. Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Briceño M, Noblejas G, Armada J, Serna-Alarcón V, Vilela-Estrada MA, Vera-Ponce VJ, Valladares-Garrido MJ, Mejia CR. Post-Traumatic Stress Associated with Telework-Related Job Limitation in Latin America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6240. [PMID: 37444088 PMCID: PMC10340718 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
During the pandemic, there has been evidence of work limitations during telework, which are believed to cause mental health problems. Our objective was to assess the association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Latin America in 2020. Exposure was measured by self-reporting using a self-perception questionnaire; the SPRINT-E questionnaire was used for outcome measurements. Generalized linear models were applied. Of 1329 participants, 15.2% (n = 202) had posttraumatic stress. In a multivariate analysis, the highest frequency of posttraumatic stress was found among those with moderate depression or more (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.61), moderate or more anxiety (PR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.61-3.41), and moderate or more stress (PR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.46-4.12). In conclusion, there is an association between perceived work limitations during telework and posttraumatic stress in Latin American workers. For this reason, it is recommended that occupational physicians, companies, and institutions assess the frequency of posttraumatic stress and monitor the mental health of workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariluz Briceño
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15113, Peru
| | - Grecia Noblejas
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15113, Peru
| | - Jose Armada
- Faculty of Business Sciences, Universidad Continental, Huancayo 12000, Peru
| | - Victor Serna-Alarcón
- Hospital Regional José Cayetano Heredia, EsSalud, Piura 20002, Peru
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | - Martín A. Vilela-Estrada
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | - Víctor Juan Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 15039, Peru
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima 15046, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Christian R. Mejia
- Carrera de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima 15113, Peru
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima 15073, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orozco MFS, de González WYE, Marín NP, Hernández JRC, Hernandez-Cabanillas JC, Acosta IO, Rider RM, Casillas Santana MA. Depression and opinion of dental students regarding the hybrid learning model during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37060098 PMCID: PMC10103031 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of COVID-19 forced schools at all educational levels to close, which was repeated in more than 60 countries. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of dental students world wide. This study hypothesizes that the prevalence of depression in dental students from El Salvador is higher than that reported in studies from Europe, Asia, and North America. METHODS This study was an online cross-sectional survey performed at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Salvador. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was applied to know the level of depression of the students, and a questionnaire focused on learning the opinion of the students on the hybrid teaching model adopted. Approximately 450 students participated in both questionnaires. RESULTS Regarding the levels of depression present in the students, 14% had minimal depression, 29% had medium depression, 23% had moderate depression and, 34% had severe depression. The students had an excellent opinion regarding the hybrid learning model. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of depression in dental students in El Salvador seems to be higher than that reported in studies in non-Latin American countries. Therefore, universities must generate care plans for mental health to avoid these harmful effects on students during future contingencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Felipe Salas Orozco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MFSO, C.P. 78290, Mexico.
| | - Wendy Yesenia Escobar de González
- Doctora en Cirugía Dental. Profesora de Cariología e Investigadora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Nuria Patiño Marín
- Department of Clinical Research, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Hernandez-Cabanillas
- Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MFSO, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | - Ivan Olivares Acosta
- Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, MFSO, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Martinez Rider
- Department of Clinical Research, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78290, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Casillas Santana
- Maestría en Estomatología con Opción Terminal en Ortodoncia, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, C.P. 72410, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valladares-Garrido MJ, Picón-Reátegui CK, Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P, Vera-Ponce VJ, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Valladares-Garrido D, Failoc-Rojas VE. Depression and anxiety in peruvian military personnel during the pandemic context: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:691. [PMID: 37055833 PMCID: PMC10100618 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased workload and stress could have increased mental health problems (anxiety and depression) in military personnel. However, the number of studies in military members is scarce, especially in regard to mental health. The objective of this study was determine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in Peruvian military personnel. METHODS We undertook an analytical cross-sectional study. The survey was distributed face to face between November 02 and 09, 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among the military personnel. We used some instruments to measure depression (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, HFIAS), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaires, IPAQ-S), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC), and fear of COVID-19 scale. The exclusion criteria included those who did not completely fill out the evaluation instruments. RESULTS We analyzed the data of 615 military personnel that participated in the survey. Of them, 93.7% were male and the median age was 22 years old. There was a prevalence of 29.9% and 22.0% in regard to depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. In addition, it was found that being married (PR: 0.63; 95% IC: 0.42-0.94), having a relative with mental health problems (PR: 2.16), having experienced food insecurity (PR: 1.48), insomnia (PR: 2.71), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 1.48), and a high level of resilience (PR: 0.65) were factors associated with depression. In regard to anxiety, the factors associated were working for more than 18 months since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (PR: 0.52), a high level of resilience (PR: 0.50; 95% IC: 0.33-0.77), insomnia (PR: 3.32), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.43). CONCLUSION We found a prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety of 29.9% and 22.0%, respectively. In regard to the factors that attenuate depression, we can mention being married and having resilience; and among the aggravating factors, having a relative with mental health problems, food insecurity, insomnia, and fear of COVID-19. Finally, anxiety increased through working time, insomnia, and fear of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
| | | | - J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, Pasco, Peru
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco, Peru
| | - Víctor J. Vera-Ponce
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, 15039 Peru
- Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, 15046 Peru
| | | | - Danai Valladares-Garrido
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Piura, Peru
- Unidad de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental, Hospital de Apoyo II Santa Rosa, Piura, Peru
| | - Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas
- Research Unit for Generation and Synthesis Evidence in Health, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|