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Zhang Y, Li M, Lou P, Zhang M, Shou D, Tong P. miRNA-seq analysis of high glucose induced osteoblasts provides insight into the mechanism underlying diabetic osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13441. [PMID: 38862780 PMCID: PMC11166950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the etiology of Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP), a chronic complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Specifically, the research seeks to identify potential miRNA biomarkers of DOP and investigated role in regulating osteoblasts. To achieve this, an animal model of DOP was established through the administration of a high-sugar and high-fat diet, and then injection of streptozotocin. Bone microarchitecture and histopathology analysis were analyzed. Rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) were stimulated with high glucose (HG). MiRNA profiles of the stimulated osteoblasts were compared to control osteoblasts using sequencing. Proliferation and mineralization abilities were assessed using MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red staining. Expression levels of OGN, Runx2, and ALP were determined through qRT-PCR and Western blot. MiRNA-sequencing results revealed increased miRNA-702-5p levels. Luciferase reporter gene was utilized to study the correlation between miR-702-5p and OGN. High glucose impaired cell proliferation and mineralization in vitro by inhibiting OGN, Runx2, and ALP expressions. Interference with miR-702-5p decreased OGN, Runx2, and ALP levels, which were restored by OGN overexpression. Additionally, downregulation of OGN and Runx2 in DOP rat femurs was confirmed. Therefore, the miRNA-702-5p/OGN/Runx2 signaling axis may play a role in DOP, and could be diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for not only DOP but also other forms of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The First Affilffiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Institute of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengqiang Lou
- The First Affilffiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Institute of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peijian Tong
- The First Affilffiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Institute of Orthopeadics and Traumatology, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Hruska P, Kucera J, Kuruczova D, Buzga M, Pekar M, Holeczy P, Potesil D, Zdrahal Z, Bienertova-Vasku J. Unraveling adipose tissue proteomic landscapes in severe obesity: insights into metabolic complications and potential biomarkers. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E562-E580. [PMID: 37792298 PMCID: PMC10864023 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00153.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the proteomic landscapes of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in patients with severe obesity, to establish their associations with clinical characteristics, and to identify potential serum protein biomarkers indicative of tissue-specific alterations or metabolic states. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 32 patients with severe obesity (16 males and 16 females) of Central European descent who underwent bariatric surgery. Clinical parameters and body composition were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance, with 15 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 17 with hypertension. Paired SAT and VAT samples, along with serum samples, were subjected to state-of-the-art proteomics liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Our analysis identified 7,284 proteins across SAT and VAT, with 1,249 differentially expressed proteins between the tissues and 1,206 proteins identified in serum. Correlation analyses between differential protein expression and clinical traits suggest a significant role of SAT in the pathogenesis of obesity and related metabolic complications. Specifically, the SAT proteomic profile revealed marked alterations in metabolic pathways and processes contributing to tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Although we do not establish a definitive causal relationship, it appears that VAT might respond to SAT metabolic dysfunction by potentially enhancing mitochondrial activity and expanding its capacity. However, when this adaptive response is exceeded, it could possibly contribute to insulin resistance (IR) and in some cases, it may be associated with the progression to T2D. Our findings provide critical insights into the molecular foundations of SAT and VAT in obesity and may inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides insights into distinct proteomic profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and serum in patients with severe obesity and their associations with clinical traits and body composition. It underscores SAT's crucial role in obesity development and related complications, such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding the SAT and VAT balance in energy homeostasis, proteostasis, and the potential role of SAT capacity in the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hruska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kucera
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuruczova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Buzga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Pekar
- Vascular and Miniinvasive Surgery Center, Hospital AGEL Trinec-Podlesi, Trinec, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Holeczy
- Department of Surgery, Vitkovice Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Wang M, Cui K, Guo J, Mu W. Curculigoside attenuates osteoporosis through regulating DNMT1 mediated osteoblast activity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:649-657. [PMID: 37880555 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to study the function of curculigoside in osteoporosis and explore whether DNMT1 is closely involved in osteoblast activity. After OB-6 osteoblasts were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a curculigoside treatment group was set up and a series of biological tests including MTT, flow cytometry, western blotting, ROS fluorescence intensity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ELISA experiments were performed to verify the effect of curculigoside on the activity of osteoblasts. Then, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, PCR, and western blotting assays were performed to detect the effects of curculigoside on osteoblast function. By constructing DNMT1 knockdown and overexpression OB-6 cell lines, the effect of DNMT1 on osteoblast function was verified. In addition, the expression level of Nrf2 in each group was detected to speculate the mechanism of DNMT1 in osteoporosis. The cell activity and level of bcl-2 and SOD were significantly increased; the cell apoptosis, ROS fluorescence intensity, mitochondrial membrane potential, MDA and level of caspase-3, Bax, and CAT was reduced in curculigoside treatment group compared with H2O2-induced OB-6 osteoblasts. Meanwhile, the ALP activity, number and area of bone mineralized nodules, and gene and protein expression of OSX and OPG were significantly elevated in curculigoside group. Moreover, DNMT1 knockdown had a similar promotion effect on osteoblast function as curculigoside, and DNMT1 overexpression could reverse the promotion effect of curculigoside on osteoblast function. Further mechanistic studies speculated that DNMT1 might play a role in osteoporosis by affecting Nrf2 methylation. Curculigoside enhances osteoblast activity through DNMT1 controls of Nrf2 methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 35 Wanghai Road, Donggang District, Rizhao, 276800, China.
| | - Kaiying Cui
- Department of Orthopedic Spine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Maternity and Child Health Care of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Weidong Mu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jing Wu Wei Qi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, 250000, China.
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Gao T, Zhao X, Hao J, Tian Y, Ma H, Liu W, An B, Sun F, Liu S, Guo B, Niu S, Li Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Feng G, Wang L, Li W, Wu J, Guo M, Zhou Q, Gu Q. A scalable culture system incorporating microcarrier for specialised mesenchymal stem cells from human embryonic stem cells. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100662. [PMID: 37214547 PMCID: PMC10196860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a desirable cell source for cell therapy owing to their capacity to be produced stably and homogeneously in large quantities. However, a scalable culture system for hPSC-derived MSCs is urgently needed to meet the cell quantity and quality requirements of practical clinical applications. In this study, we developed a new microcarrier with hyaluronic acid (HA) as the core material, which allowed scalable serum-free suspension culture of hESC-derived MSCs (IMRCs). We used optimal microcarriers with a coating collagen concentration of 100 μg/mL or concave-structured surface (cHAMCs) for IMRC amplification in a stirred bioreactor, expanding IMRCs within six days with the highest yield of over one million cells per milliliter. In addition, the harvested cells exhibited high viability, immunomodulatory and regenerative therapeutic promise comparable to monolayer cultured MSCs while showing more increased secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly collagen-related proteins. In summary, we have established a scalable culture system for hESC-MSCs, providing novel approaches for future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Hao
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huike Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin An
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Faguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baojie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- National Stem Cell Resource Center, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yukai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guihai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meijin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Yang W, Zhang W, Li F, Xu N, Sun P. Dysregulation of circRNA-0076906 and circRNA-0134944 is Correlated with Susceptibility to Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture in Postmenopausal Females from the Chinese Han Population. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:183-194. [PMID: 36926413 PMCID: PMC10013579 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s394757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many circRNAs, such as circRNA-0076906 and circRNA-0134944, have been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis via sponging miRNAs in postmenopausal female patients. In this study, we aimed to study potential signaling pathways underlying the role of certain circRNAs, miRNAs and their target genes in the pathogenesis of osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal females. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and their targets genes. Luciferase assays were carried out to explore the regulatory relationship between circ_0076906/miR-548i/OGN and circ_0134944/miR-630/TLR4. Results Osteoporosis and fracture were positively correlated to the expression of circ_0134944, miR-548i and TLR4, but negatively correlated to the expression of circ_0076906, miR-630 and OGN in the peripheral blood and bone tissue samples of postmenopausal women. Luciferase activities of wild-type circ_0076906 and OGN were inhibited by miR-548i, and the luciferase activities of wild-type circ_0134944 and TLR4 were suppressed by miR-630 in MG-63 and U-2 OS cells. Inhibition of circ_0076906 expression in MG-63 and U-2 OS cells activated the expression of miR-548i and inhibited the expression of OGN. Moreover, the overexpression of circ_0134944 in MG-63 and U-2 OS cells suppressed the expression of miR-630 and enhanced the expression of TLR4. Conclusion This study implied that the dysregulation of circRNA-0076906 and circRNA-0134944 modulated their specific signaling and thus contributed to the severity of osteoporosis, increasing the risk of osteoporotic fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235, People's Republic of China
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Umrath F, Pfeifer A, Cen W, Danalache M, Reinert S, Alexander D, Naros A. How osteogenic is dexamethasone?—effect of the corticosteroid on the osteogenesis, extracellular matrix, and secretion of osteoclastogenic factors of jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:953516. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.953516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (dexa) is commonly used to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro. However, it is paradoxical that glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexa lead to bone loss and increased fracture risk in patients undergoing glucocorticoid therapy, causing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). In a recent publication, we demonstrated that osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells isolated from jaw periosteal tissue (JPCs) does not depend on dexa, if the medium is supplemented with human platelet lysate (hPL) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). This allows the in vitro conditions to be much closer to the natural situation in vivo and enables us to compare osteogenic differentiation with and without dexa. In the present study, we demonstrate that the absence of dexa did not reduce mineralization capacity, but instead slightly improved the osteogenic differentiation of jaw periosteal cells. On the other hand, we show that dexa supplementation strongly alters the gene expression, extracellular matrix (ECM), and cellular communication of jaw periosteal cells. The secretome of periosteal cells previously treated with an osteogenic medium with and without dexa was used to investigate the changes in paracrine secretion caused by dexa. Dexa altered the secretion of several cytokines by jaw periosteal cells and strongly induced osteoclast differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study demonstrates how dexa supplementation can influence the outcome of in vitro studies and highlights a possible role of periosteal cells in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The methods used here can serve as a model for studying bone formation, fracture healing, and various pathological conditions such as (glucocorticoid-induced) osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone cancer, and others, in which the interactions of osteoblasts with surrounding cells play a key role.
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7
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Huang W, Lao L, Deng Y, Li Z, Liao W, Duan S, Xiao S, Cao Y, Miao J. Preparation, characterization, and osteogenic activity mechanism of casein phosphopeptide-calcium chelate. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960228. [PMID: 35983483 PMCID: PMC9378869 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) are good at calcium-binding and intestinal calcium absorption, but there are few studies on the osteogenic activity of CPPs. In this study, the preparation of casein phosphopeptide calcium chelate (CPP-Ca) was optimized on the basis of previous studies, and its peptide-calcium chelating activity was characterized. Subsequently, the effects of CPP-Ca on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells were studied, and the differentiation mechanism of CPP-Ca on MC3T3-E1 cells was further elucidated by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the calcium chelation rate of CPPs was 23.37%, and the calcium content of CPP-Ca reached 2.64 × 105 mg/kg. The test results of Ultraviolet–Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that carboxyl oxygen and amino nitrogen atoms of CPPs might be chelated with calcium during the chelation. Compared with the control group, the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells treated with 250 μg/mL of CPP-Ca increased by 21.65%, 26.43%, and 28.43% at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized calcium nodules of MC3T3-E1 cells were notably increased by 55% and 72%. RNA-seq results showed that 321 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with CPP-Ca, including 121 upregulated and 200 downregulated genes. Gene ontology (GO) revealed that the DEGs mainly played important roles in the regulation of cellular components. The enrichment of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Database (KEGG) pathway indicated that the AMPK, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways were involved in the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The results of a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that compared with the blank control group, the mRNA expressions of Apolipoprotein D (APOD), Osteoglycin (OGN), and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) were significantly increased by 2.6, 2.0 and 3.0 times, respectively, while the mRNA levels of NOTUM, WIF1, and LRP4 notably decreased to 2.3, 2.1, and 4.2 times, respectively, which were consistent both in GO functional and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis. This study provided a theoretical basis for CPP-Ca as a nutritional additive in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suyao Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyin Miao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, China.,Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin, China
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8
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Chen J, Sun T, You Y, Wu B, Wang X, Wu J. Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans in Stem Cell Homeostasis and Bone Tissue Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:760532. [PMID: 34917612 PMCID: PMC8669051 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells maintain a subtle balance between self-renewal and differentiation under the regulatory network supported by both intracellular and extracellular components. Proteoglycans are large glycoproteins present abundantly on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix where they play pivotal roles in facilitating signaling transduction and maintaining stem cell homeostasis. In this review, we outline distinct proteoglycans profiles and their functions in the regulation of stem cell homeostasis, as well as recent progress and prospects of utilizing proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans as a novel glycomics carrier or bio-active molecules in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan You
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics, Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, United states
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Decourtye L, McCallum-Loudeac JA, Zellhuber-McMillan S, Young E, Sircombe KJ, Wilson MJ. Characterization of a novel Lbx1 mouse loss of function strain. Differentiation 2021; 123:30-41. [PMID: 34906895 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of spine deformity affecting 2-3% of the population worldwide. The etiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Several GWAS studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located near the gene LBX1 that is significantly correlated with AIS risk. LBX1 is a transcription factor with roles in myocyte precursor migration, cardiac neural crest specification, and neuronal fate determination in the neural tube. Here, we further investigated the role of LBX1 in the developing spinal cord of mouse embryos using a CRISPR-generated mouse model expressing a truncated version of LBX1 (Lbx1Δ). Homozygous mice died at birth, likely due to cardiac abnormalities. To further study the neural tube phenotype, we used RNA-sequencing to identify 410 genes differentially expressed between the neural tubes of E12.5 wildtype and Lbx1Δ/Δ embryos. Genes with increased expression in the deletion line were involved in neurogenesis and those with broad roles in embryonic development. Many of these genes have also been associated with scoliotic phenotypes. In comparison, genes with decreased expression were primarily involved in skeletal development. Subsequent skeletal and immunohistochemistry analysis further confirmed these results. This study aids in understanding the significance of links between LBX1 function and AIS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvianne Decourtye
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy A McCallum-Loudeac
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sylvia Zellhuber-McMillan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma Young
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen J Sircombe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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10
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Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA transcriptomic reveals antler growth regulatory network. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:689-703. [PMID: 33770271 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The growth of antler is driven by endochondral ossification in the growth center of the apical region. Antler grows faster than cancer tissues, but it can be stably regulated and regenerated periodically. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of how antler grows rapidly without carcinogenesis, in this study, we used RNA-seq technology to evaluate the changes of miRNA and mRNA profiles in antler at four different developmental stages, including 15, 60, 90, and 110 days. We identified a total of 55004 unigenes and 246 miRNAs of which, 10182, 13258, 10740 differentially expressed (DE) unigenes and 35, 53, 27 DE miRNAs were identified in 60-day vs. 15-day, 90-day vs. 60-day, and 110-day vs. 90-day. GO and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DE unigenes and DE miRNA were mainly associated with chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis, that were closely related to antler growth. The interaction networks of mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler were constructed. The results indicated that mRNAs (COL2A1, SOX9, WWP2, FGFR1, SPARC, LOX, etc.) and miRNAs (miR-145, miR-199a-3p, miR-140, miR-199a-5p, etc.) might have key roles in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of antler. As well as mRNA (TP53, Tpm3 and ATP1A1, etc.) and miRNA (miR-106a, miR-145, miR-1260b and miR-2898, etc.) might play important roles in inhibiting the carcinogenesis of antler. In summary, we constructed the mRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and inhibition of oncogenesis of antler, and identified key candidate mRNAs and miRNAs among them. Further developments and validations may provide a reference for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of antler growth without carcinogenesis.
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11
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The Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063057. [PMID: 33802713 PMCID: PMC8002377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects approximately 300,000 people in the United States. Most individuals who sustain severe SCI also develop subsequent osteoporosis. However, beyond immobilization-related lack of long bone loading, multiple mechanisms of SCI-related bone density loss are incompletely understood. Recent findings suggest neuronal impairment and disability may lead to an upregulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which promotes bone resorption. Disruption of Wnt signaling and dysregulation of RANKL may also contribute to the pathogenesis of SCI-related osteoporosis. Estrogenic effects may protect bones from resorption by decreasing the upregulation of RANKL. This review will discuss the current proposed physiological and cellular mechanisms explaining osteoporosis associated with SCI. In addition, we will discuss emerging pharmacological and physiological treatment strategies, including the promising effects of estrogen on cellular protection.
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12
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Zhou Y, Qiao H, Liu L, Dong P, Zhu F, Zhang J, Liu L, Liu L. miR-21 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting PTEN. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2021; 21:568-576. [PMID: 34854397 PMCID: PMC8672397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanism of miR-21 on the osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs. METHODS The bilateral ovaries of C57BL/6J mice (n=24) were removed to construct an osteoporosis model. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-21, osteogenic/adipogenic genes, and PTEN. ALP and ARS and ORO staining were used to detect the formation of calcium nodules and lipid droplets in BMSCs. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PTEN. RESULTS miR-21 was significantly down-regulated in osteoporotic mice. The expression of miR-21 was significantly up-regulated after the osteogenic induction of BMSCs, and the expression of miR-21 was significantly down-regulated after the adipogenic induction. Overexpression of miR-21 significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. CONCLUSION MiR-21 can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit their adipogenic differentiation by negatively regulating PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic One Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China,Corresponding author: Yongtao Zhou, Department of Orthopedic One Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, No.37, Zhonghua West Road, Qiqihar 161000, China E-mail:
| | - Hongwang Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic One Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, Qiqihar Jian Hua Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Fangxu Zhu
- Cancer 2 Word, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Neurology Four Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Orthopedic One Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Orthopedic One Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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13
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Cao Z, Zhang Y, Wei S, Zhang X, Guo Y, Han B. Comprehensive circRNA expression profile and function network in osteoblast-like cells under simulated microgravity. Gene 2020; 764:145106. [PMID: 32889059 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNA with a stable structure formed by special loop splicing. Research increasingly suggests that circRNAs play a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs in osteoblast differentiation under microgravity remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the roles and mechanobiological response of circRNAs in osteoblasts under simulated microgravity. METHODS Differential circRNA and mRNA expression profiles of MC3T3-E1 cells during exposure to microgravity were screened by RNA transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The selected RNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were applied for gene function analyses. RESULTS A total of 427 circRNAs and 1912 mRNAs were differentially expressed along with osteogenic differentiation in the simulated microgravity group (SMG) compared to the control group (CON). Of these, 232 circRNAs and 991 mRNAs were upregulated, whereas 95 circRNAs and 921 mRNAs were downregulated (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the parental genes of circRNAs and mRNAs were mainly enriched in anatomical structure morphogenesis, anchoring junction and protein binding. KEGG analysis results showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and Ras signalling pathway. Subsequently, 9 core regulatory genes, including 6 mRNAs and 3 circRNAs, were identified based on their possible function in osteoblast differentiation. Based on this analysis, circ_014154 was selected as the target circRNA, which likely plays important roles in osteogenic differentiation processes under microgravity. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network showed that circRNAs might act as miRNA sponges to regulate osteoblast differentiation. CONCLUSION By presenting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genes and circRNAs in simulated microgravity, the present study will provide a novel view of circRNAs in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- College of Biotechnology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Medical Service and Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Shuping Wei
- Institute of Medical Service and Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Xizheng Zhang
- Institute of Medical Service and Technology, Academy of Military Science, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Biotechnology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Biao Han
- College of Biotechnology of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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14
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Therapeutic effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus medications for senile osteoporosis and its effect on serum BMP-2 and OPG levels. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-020-1180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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de Lima AO, Koltes JE, Diniz WJS, de Oliveira PSN, Cesar ASM, Tizioto PC, Afonso J, de Souza MM, Petrini J, Rocha MIP, Cardoso TF, Neto AZ, Coutinho LL, Mourão GB, Regitano LCA. Potential Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency-Related Traits in Nelore Cattle Identified by Co-expression Network and Integrative Genomics Analyses. Front Genet 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 32194642 PMCID: PMC7064723 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed efficiency helps to reduce environmental impacts from livestock production, improving beef cattle profitability. We identified potential biomarkers (hub genes) for feed efficiency, by applying co-expression analysis in Longissimus thoracis RNA-Seq data from 180 Nelore steers. Six co-expression modules were associated with six feed efficiency-related traits (p-value ≤ 0.05). Within these modules, 391 hub genes were enriched for pathways as protein synthesis, muscle growth, and immune response. Trait-associated transcription factors (TFs) ELF1, ELK3, ETS1, FLI1, and TCF4, were identified with binding sites in at least one hub gene. Gene expression of CCDC80, FBLN5, SERPINF1, and OGN was associated with multiple feed efficiency-related traits (FDR ≤ 0.05) and were previously related to glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, fat mass, and osteoblastogenesis, respectively. Potential regulatory elements were identified, integrating the hub genes with previous studies from our research group, such as the putative cis-regulatory elements (eQTLs) inferred as affecting the PCDH18 and SPARCL1 hub genes related to immune system and adipogenesis, respectively. Therefore, our analyses contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying feed efficiency in bovine and the hub genes disclosed can be used as biomarkers for feed efficiency-related traits in Nelore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa O de Lima
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Aline S M Cesar
- Department of Agroindustry, Food and Nutrition, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Afonso
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela M de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Juliana Petrini
- Exact Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Marina I P Rocha
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Tainã F Cardoso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Zerlotini Neto
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gerson B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luciana C A Regitano
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brazileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Carlos, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone turnover is a regulated process. Osteoglycin is suggested to have an important impact on bone function but may also affect cardiovascular and metabolic functions. This review investigates the action of osteoglycin in bone as well as its potential endocrine effects. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoglycin is expressed by several tissues including bone and muscle. Some studies suggest that osteoglycin increases osteoblast differentiation whereas others suggest that osteoglycin decreases osteoblast differentiation. Thus, findings on the influence of osteoglycin in bone are conflicting. A recent study found increased bone mass in osteoglycin deficient mice. Another study reported that osteoglycin is a marker of low bone mineral density and vertebral fractures in women with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, clinical studies link osteoglycin to insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Osteoglycin may be a novel marker of a muscle, pancreatic, and bone axis. However, current evidence is limited and further research investigating osteoglycin in both a pre-clinical and a clinical setting is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Starup-Linde
- Department of Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, Sundvej 30, 8700, Horsens, Denmark.
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Viggers
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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17
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Costa RA, Martins RST, Capilla E, Anjos L, Power DM. Vertebrate SLRP family evolution and the subfunctionalization of osteoglycin gene duplicates in teleost fish. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:191. [PMID: 30545285 PMCID: PMC6293640 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoglycin (OGN, a.k.a. mimecan) belongs to cluster III of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In vertebrates OGN is a characteristic ECM protein of bone. In the present study we explore the evolution of SLRP III and OGN in teleosts that have a skeleton adapted to an aquatic environment. Results The SLRP gene family has been conserved since the separation of chondrichthyes and osteichthyes. Few gene duplicates of the SLRP III family exist even in the teleosts that experienced a specific whole genome duplication. One exception is ogn for which duplicate copies were identified in fish genomes. The ogn promoter sequence and in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures suggest the duplicate ogn genes acquired divergent functions. In gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) ogn1 was up-regulated during osteoblast and myocyte differentiation in vitro, while ogn2 was severely down-regulated during bone-derived MSCs differentiation into adipocytes in vitro. Conclusions Overall, the phylogenetic analysis indicates that the SLRP III family in vertebrates has been under conservative evolutionary pressure. The retention of the ogn gene duplicates in teleosts was linked with the acquisition of different functions. The acquisition by OGN of functions other than that of a bone ECM protein occurred early in the vertebrate lineage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1310-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Costa
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - R S T Martins
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - E Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Anjos
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - D M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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