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Santos Gomes MMOD, Nicodemos IS, Costa Silva MD, Santos DMRCD, Santos Costa F, Franco M, Pereira HJV. Optimization of enzymatic saccharification of industrial wastes using a thermostable and halotolerant endoglucanase through Box-Behnken experimental design. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:1-11. [PMID: 37071540 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the production, characterization and application of an endoglucanase from Penicillium roqueforti using lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes as the substrate during solid-state fermentation. The endoglucanase was generated after culturing with different agro-industrial wastes for 96 h without any pretreatment. The highest activity was obtained at 50 °C and pH 4.0. Additionally, the enzyme showed stability in the temperature and pH ranges of 40-80 °C and 4.0-5.0, respectively. The addition of Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ increased enzymatic activity. Halotolerance as a characteristic of the enzyme was confirmed when its activity increased by 35% on addition of 2 M NaCl. The endoglucanase saccharified sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, wheat bran, cocoa fruit shell, and cocoa seed husk. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize fermentable sugar production by evaluating the following parameters: time, substrate, and enzyme concentration. Under ideal conditions, 253.19 mg/g of fermentable sugars were obtained following the saccharification of wheat bran, which is 41.5 times higher than that obtained without optimizing. This study presents a thermostable, halotolerant endoglucanase that is resistant to metal ions and organic solvents with the potential to be applied in producing fermentable sugars for manufacturing biofuels from agro-industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monizy da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Ha SY, Jung JY, Kim HC, Yang JK. Optimizing the Fermentation Conditions of Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit Using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Anti-Inflammatory Activity and GC-MS-Based Volatile Component Characteristics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5042416. [PMID: 37886428 PMCID: PMC10599871 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5042416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to optimize the performance conditions used for maximum anti-inflammatory activity and to clarify in vitroanti-inflammatory properties of fermented C. tricuspidata fruit. Based on the single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design, the optimized fermentation conditions of C. tricuspidata fruit for maximum anti-inflammatory activity were 3.8 d fermentation period, 8.4% (v/w) inoculation concentration, and 29.2°C fermentation temperature. Under optimal conditions, anti-inflammatory activity-based nitric oxide of fermented C. tricuspidata fruit reached 93.9%. Moreover, this study provides a theoretical basis and experimental data containing β-hexosaminidase and reactive oxygen species for the medical use and industrialization of C. tricuspidata fruit fermentation. Interestingly, the results of GC-MS analysis confirmed that fermented C. tricuspidata fruits detect volatile components different from unfermented C. tricuspidata fruits. We suggested that this volatile component may have been involved in the anti-inflammatory reaction, but scientific verification of this is needed later. Therefore, an in-depth study of volatile components detected from fermented C. tricuspidata fruits will need to be conducted later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Young Ha
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Cheol Kim
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Yang
- Department of Environmental Materials Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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El-Sheekh M, Elshobary M, Abdullah E, Abdel-Basset R, Metwally M. Application of a novel biological-nanoparticle pretreatment to Oscillatoria acuminata biomass and coculture dark fermentation for improving hydrogen production. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:34. [PMID: 36814252 PMCID: PMC9948338 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy is the basis and assurance for a world's stable development; however, as traditional non-renewable energy sources deplete, the development and study of renewable clean energy have emerged. Using microalgae as a carbon source for anaerobic bacteria to generate biohydrogen is a clean energy generation system that both local and global peers see as promising. RESULTS Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, and their coculture were used to synthesize biohydrogen using Oscillatoria acuminata biomass via dark fermentation. The total carbohydrate content in O. acuminata was 237.39 mg/L. To enhance the content of fermentable reducing sugars, thermochemical, biological, and biological with magnesium zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs) pretreatments were applied. Crude hydrolytic enzymes extracted from Trichoderma harzianum of biological pretreatment were enhanced by Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs and significantly increased reducing sugars (230.48 mg/g) four times than thermochemical pretreatment (45.34 mg/g). K. pneumonia demonstrated a greater accumulated hydrogen level (1022 mLH2/L) than E. cloacae (813 mLH2/L), while their coculture showed superior results (1520 mLH2/L) and shortened the production time to 48 h instead of 72 h in single culture pretreatments. Biological pretreatment + Mg-Zn Fe2O4 NPs using coculture significantly stimulated hydrogen yield (3254 mLH2/L), hydrogen efficiency)216.9 mL H2/g reducing sugar( and hydrogen production rate (67.7 mL/L/h) to the maximum among all pretreatments. CONCLUSION These results confirm the effectiveness of biological treatments + Mg-Zn Fe2O4-NPs and coculture dark fermentation in upregulating biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa El-Sheekh
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elshobary
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Eman Abdullah
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Refat Abdel-Basset
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Metwally Metwally
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
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Bisht N, Dalal V, Tewari L. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulation of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme from high efficacy cellulosic ethanol-producing yeast mutant strain Pichia kudriavzevii BGY1-γm. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12022-12036. [PMID: 34424128 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1967196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the major constraints limiting the use of abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass as potential feedstock for alcohol industry is the lack of C6/C5 co-sugar fermenting yeast. The present study explores a mutant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii BGY1-γm as a potential strain for bioconversion of glucose/xylose sugars of green biomass into ethanol under batch fermentation. The mutant strain having higher alcohol dehydrogenase activity (11.31%) showed significantly higher ethanol concentration during co-fermentation of glucose/xylose sugars (14.2%) as compared to the native strain. Based on 99% sequence similarity of ADH encoding gene from the mutant with the gene sequences from other yeast strains, the ADH enzyme was identified as ADH-1 type. The study reveals first three-dimensional model of ADH-1 utilizing glucose/xylose sugars from P. kudriavzevii BGY1-γm (PkADH mutant). The refined and validated model of PkADH mutant was used for molecular docking against the substrate (acetaldehyde) and product (ethanol). Molecular docking results showed that substrate and product exhibited a binding affinity of -4.55 and -4.5 kcal/mol with PkADH mutant. Acetaldehyde and ethanol interacted at the active site of PkADH mutant via hydrogen bonds (Ser42, His69 and Asp163) and hydrophobic interactions (Cys40, Ser42, His69, Cys95, Trp123 and Asp163) to form the stable protein-ligand complex. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed that PkADH-mutant acetaldehyde and PkADH-mutant ethanol complexes were more stable than PkADH mutant. MMPBSA binding energy confirmed that binding of substrate and product results in the formation of a lower energy stable protein-ligand complex.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bisht
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Vikram Dalal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lakshmi Tewari
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, India
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Li J, Chen Y, Gao Y, Mo Y, Long T, Yao B, Li Y. Engineering Trichoderma reesei for the hyperproduction of cellulose induced protein 1 (Cip1) on a sophorose-containing inducer to efficiently saccharify alkali-pretreated corn stover. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36563056 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei was induced to produce cellulase by a combination of glucose and β-disaccharide; however, lower levels of auxiliary proteins for degrading lignocellulosic biomass were detected by iTRAQ analysis compared with cellulose as an inducer, especially cellulose induced protein 1 (CIP1). In this study, A pdc1 promoter-driven overexpression of the endogenous Trcip1 gene was observed in T. reesei Rut C30, and the Trcip1 transcription levels of the two transformants, T. reesei OE-cip1-1 and OE-cip1-2, demonstrated 31.2- and 164.6-fold increases, respectively, but there was no significant change in cellobiohydrolase, endoglucanase and filter paper activity at 48 h. The crude enzyme was then used to hydrolyze corn stover. For T. reesei OE-cip1-1 and OE-cip1-2, the hydrolysis efficiency increased by 25.0 and 28.6% with a solid loading of 5% at 2 h, respectively. Simultaneously, 85.5 and 85.2 g/L glucose were released using a cellulase cocktail at high solid loading (20%), and these glucose release rates were significantly greater than that of T. reesei Rut C30 cellulase (77.4 g/L) at 120 h. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the enhanced hydrolysis efficiency was primarily triggered by the decrease in the crystallinity of lignocellulose, and the fiber structure had varying degrees of loosening and disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushan Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Mo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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Degradation potential of different lignocellulosic residues by Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma afroharzianum under solid state fermentation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rayaroth A, Tomar RS, Mishra RK. One step selection strategy for optimization of media to enhance arachidonic acid production under solid state fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abdel-Mageed HM, Barakat AZ, Bassuiny RI, Elsayed AM, Salah HA, Abdel-Aty AM, Mohamed SA. Biotechnology approach using watermelon rind for optimization of α-amylase enzyme production from Trichoderma virens using response surface methodology under solid-state fermentation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 67:253-264. [PMID: 34743285 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Production of amylases by fungi under solid-state fermentation is considered the best methodology for commercial scaling that addresses the ever-escalating needs of the worldwide enzyme market. Here response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of process variables for α-amylase enzyme production from Trichoderma virens using watermelon rinds (WMR) under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The statistical model included four variables, each detected at two levels, followed by model development with partial purification and characterization of α-amylase. The partially purified α-amylase was characterized with regard to optimum pH, temperature, kinetic constant, and substrate specificity. The results indicated that both pH and moisture content had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on α-amylase production (880 U/g) under optimized process conditions at a 3-day incubation time, moisture content of 50%, 30 °C, and pH 6.98. Statistical optimization using RSM showed R2 values of 0.9934, demonstrating the validity of the model. Five α-amylases were separated by using DEAE-Sepharose and characterized with a wide range of optimized pH values (pH 4.5-9.0), temperature optima (40-60 °C), low Km values (2.27-3.3 mg/mL), and high substrate specificity toward large substrates. In conclusion, this study presents an efficient and green approach for utilization of agro-waste for production of the valuable α-amylase enzyme using RSM under SSF. RSM was particularly beneficial for the optimization and analysis of the effective process parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Abdel-Mageed
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal Z Barakat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roqaya I Bassuiny
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Elsayed
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala A Salah
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza M Abdel-Aty
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saleh A Mohamed
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Banana Pseudostem Hydrolysate to Produce Bioethanol. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:5543104. [PMID: 34335778 PMCID: PMC8294991 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana pseudostem (BPS) is an agricultural waste with a high holocellulose content, which, upon hydrolysis, releases fermentable sugars that can be used for bioethanol production. Different pretreatment methods, namely, 3% (w/v) NaOH, 5% (v/v) H2SO4, and liquid hot water, applied on the BPS resulted in the availability of 52%, 48%, and 25% cellulose after treatment, respectively. Saccharification of the pretreated BPS with 10 FPU/g dry solids (29.3 mg protein/g d.s) crude enzyme from Trichoderma harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 at 50°C and a substrate loading of 10 to 15% released 3.8 to 21.8 g/L and from T. longibrachiatum LMLSAUL 14-1 released 5.4 to 43.5 g/L glucose to the biomass. Ethanol was produced through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) of alkaline pretreated BPS hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae UL01 at 30°C and 100 rpm. Highest ethanol produced was 17.6 g/L. Banana pseudostem was shown as a potentially cheap substrate for bioethanol production.
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Optimization of hydrolases production from cassava peels by Trametes polyzona BKW001. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cano y Postigo LO, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Guajardo-Flores D, Garcia Amezquita LE, García-Cayuela T. Solid-state fermentation for enhancing the nutraceutical content of agrifood by-products: Recent advances and its industrial feasibility. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Alhomodi AF, Zavadil A, Berhow M, Gibbons WR, Karki B. Composition of canola seed sprouts fermented by Aureobasidium pullulans, Neurospora crassa, and Trichoderma reesei under submerged-state fermentation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Functional Annotation of Agriculturally Important Fungi for Crop Protection: Current Research and Future Challenges. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48474-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sahin S, Ozmen I. Immobilization of pectinase on Zr‐treated pumice for fruit juice industry. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selmihan Sahin
- Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Chemistry Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
| | - Ismail Ozmen
- Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Chemistry Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
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Bioethanol Production from Food Waste Applying the Multienzyme System Produced On-Site by Fusarium oxysporum F3 and Mixed Microbial Cultures. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Waste management and production of clean and affordable energy are two main challenges that our societies face. Food waste (FW), in particular, can be used as a feedstock for the production of ethanol because of its composition which is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and starch. However, the cost of the necessary enzymes used to convert FW to ethanol remains an obstacle. The on-site production of the necessary enzymes could be a possible solution. In the present study, the multienzyme production by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum F3 under solid state cultivation using different agroindustrial residues was explored. Maximum amylase, glucoamylase, endoglucanase, b-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, xylanase, b-xylosidase and total cellulase titers on wheat bran (WB) were 17.8, 0.1, 65.2, 27.4, 3.5, 221.5, 0.7, 0.052 and 1.5 U/g WB respectively. F. oxysporum was used for the hydrolysis of FW and the subsequent ethanol production. To boost ethanol production, mixed F. oxysporum and S. cerevisiae cultures were also used. Bioethanol production by F. oxysporum monoculture reached 16.3 g/L (productivity 0.17 g/L/h), while that of the mixed culture was 20.6 g/L (productivity 1.0 g/L/h). Supplementation of the mixed culture with glucoamylase resulted in 30.3 g/L ethanol with a volumetric productivity of 1.4 g/L/h.
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Kaur A, Varghese LM, Mahajan R. Simultaneous production of industrially important alkaline xylanase-pectinase enzymes by a bacterium at low cost under solid-state fermentation conditions. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:574-585. [PMID: 31021011 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous production of alkaline xylanase and all seven types of pectinases by a bacterial isolate, under solid-state fermentation was checked in this study. Under optimized conditions, high concurrent production of xylanase (22,800 ± 578 IU/g substrate) and pectinase (4,832 ± 189 IU/g substrate) was achieved. The different types of pectinases produced were exo-polymethylgalacturonase (782 IU/g), endo-polymethylgalacturonase (6.42 U/g), exo-polygalacturonase (2,250 IU/g), endo-polygalacturonase (11.57 U/g), polymethylgalacturonate lyase (53.99 IU/g), polygalacturonate lyase (59.78 IU/g), and pectin esterase (5.78 IU/g). Wheat bran resulted in the highest titer of both enzymes. The maximum xylanase-pectinase yield was detected after 7 days of incubation with 2 mM MgSO4 and 1.5 g/L K2 HPO4 at wheat bran to moisture ratio 1:1.5 (w/v), media to flask volume ratio 1:25, pH 7.0, temperature 37 °C, and inoculum size 15%. Xylanase was most stable at pH 8.0, retained more than 75% activity up to 24 H, whereas pectinase was most stable at pH 9.0, having full activity even after 24 H. At 45 °C, the xylanase showed 82% residual activity after 6 H of incubation. The pectinase was 97% and 61% stable up to 3 H at 50 and 55 °C, respectively. This is the first report showing the production of xylanase-pectinases by bacterium along with high titer of seven types of pectinases, suitable for industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | | | - Ritu Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
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17
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Sirohi R, Singh A, Tarafdar A, Shahi NC. Application of genetic algorithm in modelling and optimization of cellulase production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:751-754. [PMID: 30270051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the application of genetic algorithm (GA) in modelling and optimization of cellulose production by Trichoderma reesei from pea hull. Enzyme activity of cellulase was determined using Filter Paper Activity (FPA) assay. Optimization of process parameters was performed using mathematical (MO) and genetic optimizers to obtain combination of variables for highest possible enzyme activity. GA generated a higher value of cellulase activity (0.353 U/mL) as compared to MO (0.302 U/mL). The values of independent variables in set (GA, MO) were: agitation speed (127, 120 rpm), %H2O2 concentration (10.36, 5.0), cultivation time (112, 91 h). The investigation highlights that GA could be used as a potential optimizer for processes involving waste utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Anupama Singh
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N C Shahi
- Department of Postharvest Process and Food Engineering, College of Technology, G.B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
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Nair AS, Al-Battashi H, Al-Akzawi A, Annamalai N, Gujarathi A, Al-Bahry S, Dhillon GS, Sivakumar N. Waste office paper: A potential feedstock for cellulase production by a novel strain Bacillus velezensis ASN1. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 79:491-500. [PMID: 30343780 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the cellulase (FPase) production by newly isolated Bacillus velezensis ASN1 using waste office paper (WOP) as feedstock and optimization of production conditions through two level factorial design, steepest ascent/descent and second order response surface methodology (RSM). Various fermentation parameters, like chemical factors (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, yeast extract, magnesium sulphate, sodium nitrate, Tween 80, and waste office paper), physical factors (temperature, pH and time) and biological factor (inoculum size) were examined using two level full factorial design to check the key factors significantly affecting the cellulase production. The central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the vital fermentation parameters, such as carbon (WOP), nitrogen, pH, and inoculum concentration in the medium for achieving higher cellulase production. The optimum medium composition was found to be WOP (9 g/L), sodium nitrate (0.35 g/L), inoculum size (6.56%) and pH 4.72. The model prediction of 2.46 U/mL cellulase activity at optimum conditions was verified experimentally as 2.42 U/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sadasivan Nair
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Huda Al-Battashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahlam Al-Akzawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Neelamegam Annamalai
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ashish Gujarathi
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saif Al-Bahry
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Nallusamy Sivakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
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Lincoln L, More SS. Comparative evaluation of extracellular β-d-fructofuranosidase in submerged and solid-state fermentation produced by newly identified Bacillus subtilis strain. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:441-456. [PMID: 29663625 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To screen and identify a potential extracellular β-d-fructofuranosidase or invertase-producing bacterium from soil, and comparatively evaluate the enzyme biosynthesis under submerged and solid-state fermentation (SSF). METHODS AND RESULTS Extracellular invertase-producing bacteria were screened from soil. Identification of the potent bacterium was performed based on microscopic examinations and 16S rDNA molecular sequencing. Bacillus subtilis LYN12 invertase secretion was surplus with wheat bran humidified with molasses medium (70%), with elevated activity at 48 h and 37°C under SSF, whereas under submerged conditions, increased activity was observed at 24 h and 45°C in the molasses medium. The study revealed a simple fermentative medium for elevated production of extracellular invertase from a fast growing Bacillus strain. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial invertases are scarce and limited reports are available. By far, this is the first report on the comparative analysis of optimization of extracellular invertase synthesis from B. subtilis strain by submerged and SSF. The use of agricultural residues increased yields resulting in the development of a cost-effective and stable approach. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bacillus subtilis LYN12 invertase possesses excellent fermenting capability to utilize agro-industrial residues under submerged and solid-state conditions. This could be a beneficial candidate in food and beverage processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lincoln
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chen L, Gu W, Xu HY, Yang GL, Shan XF, Chen G, Wang CF, Qian AD. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis 157 isolated from Eucommia ulmoides with pathogenic bacteria inhibiting and lignocellulolytic enzymes production by SSF. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:114. [PMID: 29430375 PMCID: PMC5801104 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis 157 was isolated from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides, and exhibited antagonistic activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Moreover, B. velezensis 157 also showed various lignocellulolytic activities including cellulase, xylanase, α-amylase, and pectinase, which had the ability of using the agro-industrial waste (soybean meal, wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw, rice husk, maize flour and maize straw) under solid-state fermentation and obtained several industrially valuable enzymes. Soybean meal appeared to be the most efficient substrate for the single fermentation of B. velezensis 157. Highest yield of pectinase (19.15 ± 2.66 U g-1), cellulase (46.69 ± 1.19 U g-1) and amylase (2097.18 ± 15.28 U g-1) was achieved on untreated soybean meal. Highest yield of xylanase (22.35 ± 2.24 U g-1) was obtained on untreated wheat bran. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of the B. velezensis 157, composed of a circular 4,013,317 bp chromosome with 3789 coding genes and a G + C content of 46.41%, one circular 8439 bp plasmid and a G + C content of 40.32%. The genome contained a total of 8 candidate gene clusters (bacillaene, difficidin, macrolactin, butirosin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, fengycin and surfactin), and dedicates over 15.8% of the whole genome to synthesize secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In addition, the genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of cellulose, xylan, lignin, starch, mannan, galactoside and arabinan were found in the B. velezensis 157 genome. Thus, the study of B. velezensis 157 broadened that B. velezensis can not only be used as biocontrol agents, but also has potentially a wide range of applications in lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Tai’an, 271000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-yan Xu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Tai’an, 271000 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 People’s Republic of China
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Borszcz V, Boscato TRP, Antunes A, Zeni J, Backes GT, Valduga E. Recovery of Pectinase Obtained by Solid-State Cultivation of Agro-Industrial Residues. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Borszcz
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taísa Renata Piotroski Boscato
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angela Antunes
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geciane Toniazzo Backes
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Long L, Ding D, Han Z, Zhao H, Lin Q, Ding S. Thermotolerant hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes from Eupenicillium parvum 4-14 display high efficiency upon release of ferulic acid from wheat bran. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 121:422-34. [PMID: 27171788 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize the hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes from novel fungi, and evaluate the potential of novel enzyme system in releasing ferulic acid (FA) from biomass resource. METHODS AND RESULTS A hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzyme-producing fungus 4-14 was isolated from soil by Congo red staining method, and identified as Eupenicillium parvum based on the morphologic and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The optimum temperature of fungal growth was 37°C. Hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes were produced by this fungus in solid-state fermentation (SSF), and their maximum activities were 554, 385, 218, 2·62 and 5·25 U g(-1) for CMCase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, FPase and FAE respectively. These enzymes displayed the best catalytic ability at low pH values (pH 4·5-5·0). The optimum temperatures were 70°C, 70°C, 75°C and 55°C for CMCase, β-glucosidase, xylanase and FAE respectively. CMCase, xylanase and FAE were stable at different pHs or high temperature (60°C). Enzymatic hydrolysis experiment indicated that the maximum (76·8 ± 4)% of total alkali-extractable FA was released from de-starched wheat bran by the fungal enzyme system. CONCLUSIONS High activities of thermotolerant CMCase, β-glucosidase, xylanase and FAE were produced by the newly isolated fungus E. parvum 4-14 in SSF. The fungal enzyme system displayed high efficiency at releasing FA from wheat bran. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides a new fungal strain for researches of novel hemicellulolytic and cellulolytic enzymes and will improve the bioconversion and utilization of agricultural by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Long
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - D Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Lin
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, China
| | - S Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Asgher M, Wahab A, Bilal M, Nasir Iqbal HM. Lignocellulose degradation and production of lignin modifying enzymes by Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 in solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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