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Wu M, Maiorano G, Stadnicka K. Protein profiles in the transfected oviductal secreting cells of laying hen (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poult Sci 2024; 103:103305. [PMID: 38198917 PMCID: PMC10792652 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the intensive development of novel biopharming applications, there is a need for the in vitro verification models prior to in vivo testing. Laying hen has been already applied as an animal bioreactor to produce the therapeutical enzyme in a rare disease called lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. In this study, we aimed to verify how the proteome of the transfected oviduct epithelial cells would be affected by genetic nonviral modification with the human exogene. The study was based on a previously developed method to cultivate chicken oviduct epithelial cells (COEC). The typical characteristics of the COEC epithelial cells were retained across the experiments. The mean efficiency of nucleofection ranged from 2.6 to 19.7% depending on the cells' isolation and location in the oviduct (upper, infundibulum site, or magnum). The PCR confirmed the incorporation of human interferon alpha2a (hIFNα2a) exogene into the nucleofected COEC but, the production of hIFNα2a protein did not exceed the detection level in this study. The ovalbumin protein was detected in the nontransfected and transfected COEC, which confirmed the normal secreting functions of the cells subject to modification. Proteomic analysis revealed an increase in abundance of the cell adhesion molecules and collagen molecules after introducing gene under ovalbumin promoter. According to the bioinformatic analyses there was a limited negative impact of transfection on cells, and the normal biochemical pathways were not severely disordered. In conclusion, the observations provide new knowledge about the proteomic profile of the manipulated COEC with regard to the retained normal functionality of the cells, which can be informative for avian biopharma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Stadnicka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Waddell LA, Wu Z, Sauter KA, Hope JC, Hume DA. A novel monoclonal antibody against porcine macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) detects expression on the cell surface of macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 266:110681. [PMID: 37992576 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) controls the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system through binding to the receptor CSF1R. The expression and function of CSF1 has been well-studied in rodents and humans, but knowledge is lacking in other veterinary species. The development of a novel mouse anti-porcine CSF1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) facilitates the characterisation of this growth factor in pigs. Cell surface expression of CSF1 was confirmed on differentiated macrophage populations derived from blood and bone marrow monocytes, and on lung resident macrophages, the first species for this to be confirmed. However, monocytes isolated from blood and bone marrow lacked CSF1 expression. This species-specific mAb delivers the opportunity to further understanding of porcine myeloid cell biology. This is not only vital for the role of pigs as a model for human health, but also as a veterinary species of significant economic and agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Waddell
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jayne C Hope
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, Qld 4104, Australia
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Liu L, Wei J, Chen C, Liang Q, Wang B, Wu W, Li G, Zheng X. Electroporation-based Easi-CRISPR yields biallelic insertions of EGFP-HiBiT cassette in immortalized chicken oviduct epithelial cells. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103112. [PMID: 37806084 PMCID: PMC10568294 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laying hens are an excellent experimental oviduct model for studying reproduction biology. Because chicken oviduct epithelial cells (cOECs) have a crucial role in synthesizing and secreting ovalbumin, laying hens have been regarded an ideal bioreactor for producing pharmaceuticals in egg white through transgene or gene editing of the ovalbumin (OVA) gene. However, related studies in cOECs are largely limited because of the lack of immortalized model cells. In addition, the editing efficiency of conventional CRISPR-HDR knock-in in chicken cells is suboptimal (ranging from 1 to 10%) and remains elevated. Here, primary cOECs were isolated from young laying hens, then infected with a retrovirus vector of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and immortalized cOECs were established. Subsequently, an electroporation-based Easi-CRISPR (Efficient additions with ssDNA inserts-CRISPR) method was adopted to integrate an EGFP-HiBiT cassette into the chicken OVA locus (immediately upstream of the stop codon). The immortalized cOECs reflected the self-renewal capability and phenotype of oviduct epithelial cells. This is because these cells not only maintained stable proliferation and normal karyotype and had no potential for malignant transformation, but also expressed oviduct markers and an epithelial marker and had a morphology similar to that of primary cOECs. EGFP expression was detected in the edited cells through microscopy, flow cytometry, and HiBiT/Western blotting. The EGFP-HiBiT knock-in efficiency reached 27.9% after a single round of electroporation, which was determined through genotyping and DNA sequencing. Two single cell clones contained biallelic insertions of EGFP-HiBiT donor cassettes. In conclusion, our established immortalized cOECs could act as an in vitro cell model for gene editing in chicken, and this electroporation-based Easi-CRISPR strategy will contribute to the generation of avian bioreactors and other gene-edited (GE) birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinyu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qianxue Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Boyong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wende Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gonghe Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xibang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Breeding and Disease Control, Nanning 530004, China.
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4
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Yousefi Taemeh S, Dehdilani N, Goshayeshi L, Rival-Gervier S, Mehrzad J, Pain B, Dehghani H. Study of the regulatory elements of the Ovalbumin gene promoter using CRISPR technology in chicken cells. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:46. [PMID: 37461059 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone-dependent promoters are very efficient in transgene expression. Plasmid-based reporter assays have identified regulatory sequences of the Ovalbumin promoter that are involved in response to estrogen and have shown that the deletion of the steroid-dependent regulatory element (SDRE) and negative regulatory element (NRE) leads to a steroid-independent expression of a reporter. However, the functional roles of these regulatory elements within the native genomic context of the Ovalbumin promoter have not been evaluated. RESULTS In this study, we show that the negative effects of the NRE element on the Ovalbumin gene can be counteracted by CRISPR interference. We also show that the CRISPR-mediated deletion of SDRE and NRE promoter elements in a non-oviduct cell can lead to the significant expression of the Ovalbumin gene. In addition, the targeted knock-in of a transgene reporter in the Ovalbumin coding region and its expression confirms that the truncated promoter of the Ovalbumin gene can be efficiently used for an estrogen-independent expression of a foreign gene. CONCLUSIONS The methodology applied in this paper allowed the study of promoter regulatory sequences in their native nuclear organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sylvie Rival-Gervier
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bertrand Pain
- Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, University of Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, U1208, USC1361, Bron, 69500, France
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Park JS, Choi HJ, Jung KM, Lee KY, Shim JH, Park KJ, Kim YM, Han JY. Production of recombinant human IgG1 Fc with beneficial N-glycosylation pattern for anti-inflammatory activity using genome-edited chickens. Commun Biol 2023; 6:589. [PMID: 37264071 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04937-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a plasma-derived polyclonal IgG used for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Studies show that α-2,6 sialylation of the Fc improves anti-inflammatory activity. Also, afucosylation of the Fc efficiently blocks FcγRIIIA by increasing monovalent affinity to this receptor, which can be beneficial for treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Here, we generated genome-edited chickens that synthesize human IgG1 Fc in the liver and secrete α-2,6 sialylated and low-fucosylated human IgG1 Fc (rhIgG1 Fc) into serum and egg yolk. Also, rhIgG1 Fc has higher affinity for FcγRIIIA than commercial IVIG. Thus, rhIgG1 Fc efficiently inhibits immune complex-mediated FcγRIIIA crosslinking and subsequent ADCC response. Furthermore, rhIgG1 Fc exerts anti-inflammatory activity in a passive ITP model, demonstrating chicken liver derived rhIgG1 Fc successfully recapitulated efficacy of IVIG. These results show that genome-edited chickens can be used as a production platform for rhIgG1 Fc with beneficial N-glycosylation pattern for anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Youn Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Shim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Je Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YM, Woo SJ, Han JY. Strategies for the Generation of Gene Modified Avian Models: Advancement in Avian Germline Transmission, Genome Editing, and Applications. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040899. [PMID: 37107658 PMCID: PMC10137648 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian models are valuable for studies of development and reproduction and have important implications for food production. Rapid advances in genome-editing technologies have enabled the establishment of avian species as unique agricultural, industrial, disease-resistant, and pharmaceutical models. The direct introduction of genome-editing tools, such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, into early embryos has been achieved in various animal taxa. However, in birds, the introduction of the CRISPR system into primordial germ cells (PGCs), a germline-competent stem cell, is considered a much more reliable approach for the development of genome-edited models. After genome editing, PGCs are transplanted into the embryo to establish germline chimera, which are crossed to produce genome-edited birds. In addition, various methods, including delivery by liposomal and viral vectors, have been employed for gene editing in vivo. Genome-edited birds have wide applications in bio-pharmaceutical production and as models for disease resistance and biological research. In conclusion, the application of the CRISPR system to avian PGCs is an efficient approach for the production of genome-edited birds and transgenic avian models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Han
- Avinnogen Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Formation, Application, and Significance of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061096. [PMID: 36978637 PMCID: PMC10044044 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken is one of the most widely consumed sources of protein globally. Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors for ova and sperm. One of the early embryogenesis events in most animals is the segregation of the somatic and germ lineages. PGC cultures occur in the germline, and PGCs are less studied in many species. It is relatively challenging to separate, cultivate, and genetically alter chicken without mutating the basic germline. The present study aims to gather previous research about chicken PGCs and provide a customized review of studies and developments in the field of PGCs, especially for avian species. Furthermore, we show that the propagation of chicken PGCs into embryonic germ cells that contribute to somatic tissues may be produced in vitro. Primordial germ cells offer an ideal system in developmental biology, as these cells play a vital role in the genetic modification and treatment of infertility. Cryopreservation helps to maintain genetic resources and sustainable production in the poultry industry. Keeping in mind the significance of cryopreservation for storage and gametogenesis, we discuss its role in the preservation of primordial germ cells. Transgenesis and genetic modifications in chicken lead to the development of various medicinal chicken varieties and aid in improving their production and quality for consumption purposes. Additionally, these characteristics open up new possibilities for modifying the chicken genome for agricultural and medical purposes.
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8
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Youm DJ, Ko BJ, Kim D, Park M, Won S, Lee YH, Kim B, Seol D, Chai HH, Lim D, Jeong C, Kim H. The idiosyncratic genome of Korean long-tailed chicken as a valuable genetic resource. iScience 2023; 26:106236. [PMID: 36915682 PMCID: PMC10006692 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, breeds with ornamental traits such as exceptionally long tail feathers are economically valuable. However, the genetic basis of long-tail feathers is yet to be understood. To provide better understanding of long tail feathers, we sequenced Korean long-tailed chicken (KLC) genomes and compared them with genomes of other chicken breeds. We first analyzed the genome structure of KLC and its genomic relationship with other chickens and observed unique characteristics. Subsequently, we searched for genomic regions under selection. Feather keratin 1-like enriched region and several genes were found to have novel putative functions and effects on the long tail trait in KLC. Our findings support the value of KLC as a unique genetic resource and cast light on the genetic basis of long tail traits in avian species. We expect this novel knowledge to provide new genomic evidence and options for designing and implementing genetic improvements of ornamental chicken productivity through precision crossbreeding aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jae Youm
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung June Ko
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongkyu Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyoung Won
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsang Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeok Seol
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ha Chai
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA 1500, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics & Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA 1500, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
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Park TS. - Invited Review - Gene-editing techniques and their applications in livestock and beyond. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:333-338. [PMID: 36634662 PMCID: PMC9899584 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic modification enables modification of target genes or genome structure in livestock and experimental animals. These technologies have not only advanced bioscience but also improved agricultural productivity. To introduce a foreign transgene, the piggyBac transposon element/transposase system could be used for production of transgenic animals and specific target protein-expressing animal cells. In addition, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system have been utilized to generate chickens with knockout of G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) and myostatin, which are related to lipid deposition and muscle growth, respectively. These experimental chickens could be the invaluable genetic resources to investigate the regulatory pathways and mechanisms of improvement of economic traits such as fat quantity and growth. The gene-edited animals could also be applicable to the livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Tae Sub Park, Tel: +82-33-339-5721, E-mail:
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10
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Ibrahim M, Stadnicka K. The science of genetically modified poultry. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The exuberant development of targeted genome editing has revolutionized research on the chicken genome, generating chickens with beneficial parameters. The chicken model is a crucial experimental tool that can be utilized for drug manufacture, preclinical research, pathological observation, and other applications. In essence, tweaking the chicken’s genome has enabled the poultry industry to get more done with less, generating genetically modified chickens that lay eggs containing large amounts of lifesaving humanized drugs. The transition of gene editing from concept to practical application has been dramatically hastened by the development of programmable nucleases, bringing scientists closer than ever to the efficient producers of tomorrow’s medicines. Combining the developmental and physiological characteristics of the chicken with cutting-edge genome editing, the chicken furnishes a potent frontier that is foreseen to be actively pursued in the future. Herein we review the current and future prospects of gene editing in chickens and the contributions to the development of humanized pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics , PBS University of Science and Technology , 85-084 Bydgoszcz , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnicka
- Department of Oncology , Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University , 85-821 Bydgoszcz , Poland
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11
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Kim YM, Shim JH, Park JS, Choi HJ, Jung KM, Lee KY, Park KJ, Han JY. Sequential verification of exogenous protein production in OVA gene-targeted chicken bioreactors. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102247. [PMID: 36335737 PMCID: PMC9640325 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The chicken has potential as an efficient bioreactor system because of its outstanding protein production capacity and low cost. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing system enables production of highly marketable exogenous proteins in transgenic chicken bioreactors. However, because it takes approximately 18 mo to evaluate the recombinant protein productivity of the bioreactor due to the generation interval from G0 founders to G1 egg-laying hens, to verification of the exogenous protein at the early stage is difficult. Here we propose a system for sequential validation of exogenous protein production in chicken bioreactors as in hatching female chicks as well as in egg-laying hens. We generated chicken OVALBUMIN (OVA) EGFP knock-in (KI) chicken (OVA EGFP KI) by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated nonhomologous end joining at the chicken OVA gene locus. Subsequently, the estrogen analog, diethylstilbestrol (DES), was subcutaneously implanted in the abdominal region of 1-wk-old OVA EGFP KI female chicks to artificially increase OVALBUMIN expression. The oviducts of DES-treated OVA EGFP KI female chicks expressed OVA and EGFP at the 3-wk-old stage (10 d after DES treatment). We evaluated the expression of EGFP protein in the oviduct, along with the physical properties of eggs and egg white from OVA EGFP KI hens. The rapid identification and isolation of exogenous protein can be confirmed at a very early stage and high-yield production is possible by targeting the chicken oviduct.
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Histological Study of Glandular Variability in the Skin of the Natterjack Toad—Epidalea calamita (Laurenti, 1768)—Used in Spanish Historical Ethnoveterinary Medicine and Ethnomedicine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080423. [PMID: 36006338 PMCID: PMC9414601 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Common toads, including the natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita), have been used since ancient times for remedies, and thus constitute excellent biological material for pharmacological and natural product research. After a previous analysis of the historical-folk therapeutic use of amphibians in Spain, a histological study was carried out to provide a complementary ethnopharmacological view through the analysis of the integumentary heterogeneity of the serous (venom) and mucous glands from two adult specimens. Plastic-embedded semi-thin sections showed that serous/venom glands are cytologically homogeneous in spite of their genetic and biochemical complexity, leading to a cocktail that remains stored until extrusion. On the contrary, mucous glands, working continuously, show a more complex cytological variation and regional heterogeneity, which suggests an adaptive variability, leading to an invisible topographic map of skin toxicity. Natterjack toad-based folk remedies are usually extracted from the whole animal as a therapeutic unit in ethnoveterinary practice. However, a new ethnopharmacological vision could emerge from the study of tegumentary regional variation. Abstract Common toads have been used since ancient times for remedies and thus constitute excellent biological material for pharmacological and natural product research. According to the results of a previous analysis of the therapeutic use of amphibians in Spain, we decided to carry out a histological study that provides a complementary view of their ethnopharmacology, through the natterjack toad (Epidalea calamita). This species possesses a characteristic integument, where the parotoid glands stand out, and it has been used in different ethnoveterinary and ethnomedical practices. This histological study of their glandular variability allow us to understand the stages through which the animal synthesises and stores a heterogeneous glandular content according to the areas of the body and the functional moment of the glands. To study tegumentary cytology, a high-resolution, plastic embedding, semi-thin (1 micron) section method was applied. Up to 20 skin patches sampled from the dorsal and ventral sides were processed from the two adult specimens collected, which were roadkill. Serous/venom glands display a genetic and biochemical complexity, leading to a cocktail that remains stored (and perhaps changes over time) until extrusion, but mucous glands, working continuously to produce a surface protection layer, also produce a set of active protein (and other) substances that dissolve into mucous material, making a biologically active covering. This study provides a better understanding of the use of traditional remedies in ethnoveterinary medicine.
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Panda SK, McGrew MJ. Genome editing of avian species: implications for animal use and welfare. Lab Anim 2022; 56:50-59. [PMID: 33691522 PMCID: PMC8918865 DOI: 10.1177/0023677221998400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Avian species are used as model systems in research and have contributed to ground-breaking concepts in developmental biology, immunology, genetics, virology, cancer and cell biology. The chicken in particular is an important research model and an agricultural animal as a major contributor to animal protein resources for the global population. The development of genome editing methods, including CRISPR/Cas9, to mediate germline engineering of the avian genome will have important applications in biomedical, agricultural and biotechnological activities. Notably, these precise genome editing tools have the potential to enhance avian health and productivity by identifying and validating beneficial genetic variants in bird populations. Here, we present a concise description of the existing methods and current applications of the genome editing tools in bird species, focused on chickens, with attention on animal use and welfare issues for each of the techniques presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepta K Panda
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mike J McGrew
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Dehdilani N, Taemeh SY, Goshayeshi L, Dehghani H. Genetically engineered birds; pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:24-46. [PMID: 34668968 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating biopharmaceuticals in genetically engineered bioreactors continues to reign supreme. Hence, genetically engineered birds have attracted considerable attention from the biopharmaceutical industry. Fairly recent genome engineering methods have made genome manipulation an easy and affordable task. In this review, we first provide a broad overview of the approaches and main impediments ahead of generating efficient and reliable genetically engineered birds, and various factors that affect the fate of a transgene. This section provides an essential background for the rest of the review, in which we discuss and compare different genome manipulation methods in the pre-CRISPR and CRISPR era in the field of avian genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Dehdilani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Yousefi Taemeh
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Liu Y, Liu C, An K, Gong X, Xia Z. Effect of Dietary Clostridium butyricum Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Barrier Function, Immune Function, and Microbiota Diversity of Pekin Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092514. [PMID: 34573480 PMCID: PMC8471152 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In poultry farming, the use of prophylactic antibiotics can lead to increased resistance, so probiotics are a good alternative. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) has been widely used to improve the gut health of animals. Therefore, we carried out the current study of Pekin ducks supplemented with C. butyricum for a period of 42 days. Here, we found a clear increase in the growth performance of Pekin ducks supplemented with C. butyricum. Moreover, a high level of secretory IgA, IgM, IgG, IL-4, and IL-10 and comparatively higher short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and intestinal tight junction changes were found in Pekin ducks supplemented with C. butyricum. The gut microbial diversity of Pekin ducks supplemented with C. butyricum was clearly different than that of Pekin ducks fed a non-C. butyricum diet. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 400 mg/kg C. butyricum supplementation improved the intestinal health of Pekin ducks by increasing the α-diversity of intestinal microbiota, enhancing the SCFAs contents, and strengthening the intestinal barrier function and immune systems indicating that 400 mg/kg C. butyricum might be a preferable antibiotic alternative for commercial application. Abstract Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is increasingly being used to test the promotion of the gut health of animals. However, the modes of action for such applications for waterfowl remain unclear. Thus, we investigated whether or not intestinal barrier function, immune-related gene expression, and the diversity of the intestinal microbiota in Pekin ducks varied under C. butyricum supplementation. A total of 500 ducks were randomly assigned into five treatments supplemented with basal diets containing: either 0 (group Control), 200 (group CB200), 400 (group CB400) and 600 (group CB600) mg/kg C. butyricum or 150 mg/kg aureomycin (group A150) for 42 days. In comparison with the control group, C. butyricum supplementation enhanced the growth performance and intestinal villus height of Pekin ducks at 42 d. Serum immune indexes and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were all improved at both 21 d and 42 d after C. butyricum addition. The mRNA expression levels of Mucin2, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Caudin-3, and Occludin increased at 21 d and 42 d and the mRNA expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 only increased at 42 d after C. butyricum addition. Dietary C. butyricum also resulted in an increase in the number of diversities of operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and an increase in the α-diversity of intestinal microbiota. The addition of C. butyricum altered the composition of the intestinal microbiota from 21 d to 42 d. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showed little changes among groups; however, the relative abundance of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were found to have been significantly different between the 21 d and 42 d. C. butyricum administration improved the intestinal health of Pekin ducks by increasing the diversity of intestinal microbiota, enhancing the SCFAs contents, and strengthening the intestinal barrier function and immune systems. The optimal dietary supplementation dosage was recommended as 400 mg/kg in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (K.A.); (X.G.)
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Ji’nan 250100, China;
| | - Cun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control, Ji’nan 250100, China;
| | - Keying An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (K.A.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (K.A.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhaofei Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.L.); (K.A.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733781
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16
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Cid R, Bolívar J. Platforms for Production of Protein-Based Vaccines: From Classical to Next-Generation Strategies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1072. [PMID: 34439738 PMCID: PMC8394948 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were developed as live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, and, although they still represent the most extended human vaccine types, they also face some issues, such as the potential to revert to a pathogenic form of live-attenuated formulations or the weaker immune response associated with inactivated vaccines. Advances in genetic engineering have enabled improvements in vaccine design and strategies, such as recombinant subunit vaccines, have emerged, expanding the number of diseases that can be prevented. Moreover, antigen display systems such as VLPs or those designed by nanotechnology have improved the efficacy of subunit vaccines. Platforms for the production of recombinant vaccines have also evolved from the first hosts, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to insect or mammalian cells. Traditional bacterial and yeast systems have been improved by engineering and new systems based on plants or insect larvae have emerged as alternative, low-cost platforms. Vaccine development is still time-consuming and costly, and alternative systems that can offer cost-effective and faster processes are demanding to address infectious diseases that still do not have a treatment and to face possible future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cid
- ADL Bionatur Solutions S.A., Av. del Desarrollo Tecnológico 11, 11591 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Jorge Bolívar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
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17
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Yang H, Lee BR, Lee HC, Choi H, Jung SK, Kim JY, No J, Shanmugam S, Jo YJ, Oh KB, Kim KW, Byun SJ. Development and in vitro evaluation of recombinant chicken promoters to efficiently drive transgene expression in chicken oviduct cells. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101365. [PMID: 34375836 PMCID: PMC8358702 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus injection into EGK-X embryos is a well-defined approach in avian transgenesis. This system uses a chicken ovalbumin gene promoter to induce transgene expression in the chicken oviduct. Although a reconstructed chicken ovalbumin promoter that links an ovalbumin promoter and estrogen-responsive enhancer element (ERE) is useful, a large viral vector containing the ovalbumin promoter and a target gene restricts viral packaging capacity and produces low-titer virus particles. We newly developed recombinant chicken promoters by linking regulatory regions of ovalbumin and other oviduct-specific genes. Putative enhancer fragments of the genes, such as ovotransferrin (TF), ovomucin alpha subunit (OVOA), and ovalbumin-related protein X (OVALX), were placed at the 5`-flanking region of the 2.8-kb ovalbumin promoter. Basal promoter fragments of the genes, namely, pTF, lysozyme (pLYZ), and ovomucoid (pOVM), were placed at the 3`-flanking region of the 1.6-kb ovalbumin ERE. The recombinant promoters cloned into each reporter vector were evaluated using a dual luciferase assay in human and chicken somatic cells, and LMH/2A cells treated with 0-1,000 nM estrogen, and cultured primary chicken oviduct cells. The recombinant promoters with linking ovalbumin and TF, OVOA, pOVM, and pLYZ regulatory regions had 2.1- to 19.5-fold (P < 0.05) higher luciferase activity than the reconstructed ovalbumin promoter in chicken oviduct cells. Therefore, recombinant promoters may be used to efficiently drive transgene expression in transgenic chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi-Cheul Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsung Choi
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Keun Jung
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingu No
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Bong Oh
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung June Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Improving germline transmission efficiency in chimeric chickens using a multi-stage injection approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247471. [PMID: 34086696 PMCID: PMC8177527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although different strategies have been developed to generate transgenic poultry, low efficiency of germline transgene transmission has remained a challenge in poultry transgenesis. Herein, we developed an efficient germline transgenesis method using a lentiviral vector system in chickens through multiple injections of transgenes into embryos at different stages of development. The embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) vasculature was successfully used as a novel route of gene transfer into germline tissues. Compared to the other routes of viral vector administration, the embryo’s bloodstream at Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) stages 14–15 achieved the highest rate of germline transmission (GT), 7.7%. Single injection of viral vectors into the CAM vasculature resulted in a GT efficiency of 2.7%, which was significantly higher than the 0.4% obtained by injection into embryos at the blastoderm stage. Double injection of viral vectors into the bloodstream at HH stages 14–15 and through CAM was the most efficient method for producing germline chimeras, giving a GT rate of 13.6%. The authors suggest that the new method described in this study could be efficiently used to produce transgenic poultry in virus-mediated gene transfer systems.
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piggyBac Transposition and the Expression of Human Cystatin C in Transgenic Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061554. [PMID: 34073441 PMCID: PMC8226945 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The genetic modification of livestock genomes showed the great potential for production of industrial biomaterials as well as improving animal production. Particularly, the transgenic hen’s eggs have been considered for a massive production system of the genetically engineered biomaterials as a bioreactor animal. Virus-mediated transgene transduction is the most powerful strategy to generate the transgenic animals. However, industrial applications were hampered by many obstacles such as relatively low germline transmission and transgene silencing effects, as well as viral safety issues. In this study, a piggyBac transposon which is a non-viral integration technical platform was introduced into chicken primordial germ cells. Finally, we developed transgenic chickens and assayed the bioactivity of human cystatin C in the transgenic chicken’s tissues. Abstract A bioreactor can be used for mass production of therapeutic proteins and other bioactive substances. Although various methods have been developed using microorganisms and animal cells, advanced strategies are needed for the efficient production of biofunctional proteins. In microorganisms, post-translational glycosylation and modification are not performed properly, while animal cell systems require more time and expense. To overcome these problems, new methods using products from transgenic animals have been considered, such as genetically modified cow’s milk and hen’s eggs. In this study, based on a non-viral piggyBac transposition system, we generated transgenic bioreactor chickens that produced human cystatin C (hCST3). There were no differences in the phenotype or histochemical structure of the wild-type and hCST3-expressing transgenic chickens. Subsequently, we analyzed the hCST3 expression in transgenic chickens, mainly in muscle and egg white, which could be major deposition warehouses for hCST3 protein. In both muscle and egg white, we detected high hCST3 expression by ELISA and Western blotting. hCST3 proteins were efficiently purified from muscle and egg white of transgenic chickens using a His-tag purification system. These data show that transgenic chickens can be efficiently used as a bioreactor for the mass production of bioactive materials.
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20
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Production of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies in the Egg White of Gene-Targeted Transgenic Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010038. [PMID: 33396657 PMCID: PMC7823952 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased commercial demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has resulted in the urgent need to establish efficient production systems. We previously developed a transgenic chicken bioreactor system that effectively produced human cytokines in egg whites using genome-edited transgenic chickens. Here, we describe the application of this system to mAb production. The genes encoding the heavy and light chains of humanized anti-HER2 mAb, linked by a 2A peptide sequence, were integrated into the chicken ovalbumin gene locus using a CRISPR/Cas9 protocol. The knock-in hens produced a fully assembled humanized mAb in their eggs. The mAb expression level in the egg white was 1.4–1.9 mg/mL, as determined by ELISA. Furthermore, the antigen binding affinity of the anti-HER2 mAb obtained was estimated to be equal to that of the therapeutic anti-HER2 mAb (trastuzumab). In addition, antigen-specific binding by the egg white mAb was demonstrated by immunofluorescence against HER2-positive and -negative cells. These results indicate that the chicken bioreactor system can efficiently produce mAbs with antigen binding capacity and can serve as an alternative production system for commercial mAbs.
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21
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Chojnacka-Puchta L, Sawicka D. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in a chicken model: current approaches and applications. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:221-229. [PMID: 31925767 PMCID: PMC7148258 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in genome editing technology in birds using primordial germ cells (PGCs) have made the development of innovative era genome-edited avian models possible, including specific chicken bioreactors, production of knock-in/out chickens, low-allergenicity eggs, and disease-resistance models. New strategies, including CRISPR/Cas9, have made gene editing easy and highly efficient in comparison to the well-known process of homologous recombination. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technique enables us to understand the function of genes and/or to modify the animal phenotype to fit a specific scientific or production target. To facilitate chicken genome engineering applications, we present a concise description of the method and current application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in chickens. Different strategies for delivering sgRNAs and the Cas9 protein, we also present extensively. Furthermore, we describe a new gesicle technology as a way to deliver Cas9/sgRNA complexes into target cells, and we discuss the advantages and describe basal applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in a chicken model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Chojnacka-Puchta
- Department of Bioengineering, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Sawicka
- Department of Bioengineering, Lukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Biotechnology and Antibiotics, Staroscinska 5, 02-516, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Yang H, Lee BR, Lee HC, Jung SK, Kim JY, No J, Shanmugam S, Jo YJ, Lee H, Hwang S, Byun SJ. Isolation and characterization of cultured chicken oviduct epithelial cells and in vitro validation of constructed ovalbumin promoter in these cells. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1321-1330. [PMID: 33332940 PMCID: PMC8255889 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transgenic hens hold a great promise to produce various valuable proteins. Through virus transduction into stage X embryo, the transgene expression under the control of constructed chicken ovalbumin promoters has been successfully achieved. However, a validation system that can evaluate differently developed ovalbumin promoters in in vitro, remains to be developed. Methods In the present study, chicken oviduct epithelial cells (cOECs) were isolated from oviduct tissue and shortly cultured with keratinocyte complete medium supplemented with chicken serum. The isolated cells were characterized with immunofluorescence, western blot, and flow cytometry using oviduct-specific marker. Chicken mutated ovalbumin promoter (Mut-4.4-kb-pOV) was validated in these cells using luciferase reporter analysis. Results The isolated cOECs revealed that the oviduct-specific marker, ovalbumin protein, was clearly detected by immunofluorescence, western blot, and flow cytometry analysis revealed that approximately 79.40% of the cells contained this protein. Also, luciferase reporter analysis showed that the constructed Mut-4.4-kb-pOV exhibited 7.1-fold (p<0.001) higher activity in the cOECs. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate the efficient isolation and characterization of cOECs and validate the activity of the constructed ovalbumin promoter in the cultured cOECs. The in vitro validation of the recombinant promoter activity in cOECs can facilitate the production of efficient transgenic chickens for potential use as bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hwi-Cheul Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sun Keun Jung
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jingu No
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Jo
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Haesun Lee
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Hwang
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Sung June Byun
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
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Park JS, Lee KY, Han JY. Precise Genome Editing in Poultry and Its Application to Industries. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1182. [PMID: 33053652 PMCID: PMC7601607 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry such as chickens are valuable model animals not only in the food industry, but also in developmental biology and biomedicine. Recently, precise genome-editing technologies mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system have developed rapidly, enabling the production of genome-edited poultry models with novel traits that are applicable to basic sciences, agriculture, and biomedical industry. In particular, these techniques have been combined with cultured primordial germ cells (PGCs) and viral vector systems to generate a valuable genome-edited avian model for a variety of purposes. Here, we summarize recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-editing technology and its applications to avian species. In addition, we describe further applications of genome-edited poultry in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.S.P.); (K.Y.L.)
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Identification of Copy Number Variation in Domestic Chicken Using Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Evidence of Selection in the Genome. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100809. [PMID: 31618984 PMCID: PMC6826909 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chickens have been bred for meat and egg production as a source of animal protein. With the increase of productivity as the main purpose of domestication, factors such as metabolism and immunity were boosted, which are detectable signs of selection on the genome. This study focused on copy number variation (CNV) to find evidence of domestication on the genome. CNV was detected from whole-genome sequencing of 65 chickens including Red Jungle Fowl, broilers, and layers. After that, CNV region, the overlapping region of CNV between individuals, was made to identify which genomic regions showed copy number differentiation. The 663 domesticated-specific CNV regions were associated with various functions such as metabolism and organ development. Also, by performing population differentiation analyses such as clustering analysis and ANOVA test, we found that there are a lot of genomic regions with different copy number patterns between broilers and layers. This result indicates that different genetic variations can be found, depending on the purpose of artificial selection and provides considerations for future animal breeding. Abstract Copy number variation (CNV) has great significance both functionally and evolutionally. Various CNV studies are in progress to find the cause of human disease and to understand the population structure of livestock. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have made CNV detection more reliable and accurate at whole-genome level. However, there is a lack of CNV studies on chickens using NGS. Therefore, we obtained whole-genome sequencing data of 65 chickens including Red Jungle Fowl, Cornish (broiler), Rhode Island Red (hybrid), and White Leghorn (layer) from the public databases for CNV region (CNVR) detection. Using CNVnator, a read-depth based software, a total of 663 domesticated-specific CNVRs were identified across autosomes. Gene ontology analysis of genes annotated in CNVRs showed that mainly enriched terms involved in organ development, metabolism, and immune regulation. Population analysis revealed that CN and RIR are closer to each other than WL, and many genes (LOC772271, OR52R1, RD3, ADH6, TLR2B, PRSS2, TPK1, POPDC3, etc.) with different copy numbers between breeds found. In conclusion, this study has helped to understand the genetic characteristics of domestic chickens at CNV level, which may provide useful information for the development of breeding systems in chickens.
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Establishment and Characterization of a Novel Tissue-specific DNA Construct and Culture System with Potential for Avian Bioreactor Generation. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:400-409. [PMID: 30945164 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic chickens are of great interest for the production of recombinant proteins in their eggs. However, the use of constitutive strong promoters or the tissue-specific ovalbumin promoter for the generation of the transgenic chickens have different drawbacks that have to be overcome in order to make chicken bioreactor an efficient production system. This prompted us to investigate the use of an alternative tissue-specific promoter, the vitellogenin promoter, which could overcome the difficulties currently found in the generation of chicken bioreactors. In the present work we establish and characterize a DNA construct consisting of a fragment of the 5´-flanking region of the chicken vitellogenin II gene cloned in a reporter vector. This construct is capable of showing the ability of the promoter to drive expression of a reporting gene in a tissue-specific manner and in a way that closely resembles physiologic regulation of vitellogenin, making it an ideal candidate to be used in the future for generation of avian bioreactors. Besides, we validate an in vitro culture system to test the performance of the DNA construct under study that could be used as a practical tool before generating any transgenic chicken. These results are important since they provide the proof of concept for the use of the vitellogenin promoter for future genetic modification of chickens bioreactors with improved characteristics in terms of quality of the recombinant protein produced.
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Hunter P. The prospects for recombinant proteins from transgenic animals: A few successes along with the advent of new technologies increase the allure of transgenic animals for the production of therapeutic human proteins. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48757. [PMID: 31304991 PMCID: PMC6680168 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of GM animals to produce human recombinant therapeutic proteins has progressed only slowly. But recent successes and new technologies could speed up development.
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