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Koh JY, Affortit C, Ranum PT, West C, Walls WD, Yoshimura H, Shao JQ, Mostaert B, Smith RJH. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of stria vascularis cells in the adult Slc26a4 -/- mouse. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:133. [PMID: 37322474 PMCID: PMC10268361 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary pathological alterations of Pendred syndrome are endolymphatic pH acidification and luminal enlargement of the inner ear. However, the molecular contributions of specific cell types remain poorly characterized. Therefore, we aimed to identify pH regulators in pendrin-expressing cells that may contribute to the homeostasis of endolymph pH and define the cellular pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to the dysregulation of cochlear endolymph pH in Slc26a4-/- mice. METHODS We used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify both Slc26a4-expressing cells and Kcnj10-expressing cells in wild-type (WT, Slc26a4+/+) and Slc26a4-/- mice. Bioinformatic analysis of expression data confirmed marker genes defining the different cell types of the stria vascularis. In addition, specific findings were confirmed at the protein level by immunofluorescence. RESULTS We found that spindle cells, which express pendrin, contain extrinsic cellular components, a factor that enables cell-to-cell communication. In addition, the gene expression profile informed the pH of the spindle cells. Compared to WT, the transcriptional profiles in Slc26a4-/- mice showed downregulation of extracellular exosome-related genes in spindle cells. Immunofluorescence studies in spindle cells of Slc26a4-/- mice validated the increased expression of the exosome-related protein, annexin A1, and the clathrin-mediated endocytosis-related protein, adaptor protein 2. CONCLUSION Overall, cell isolation of stria vascularis from WT and Slc26a4-/- samples combined with cell type-specific transcriptomic analyses revealed pH-dependent alternations in spindle cells and intermediate cells, inspiring further studies into the dysfunctional role of stria vascularis cells in SLC26A4-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Koh
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Corentin Affortit
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Paul T Ranum
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cody West
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - William D Walls
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hidekane Yoshimura
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jian Q Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Brian Mostaert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard J H Smith
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Molecular Otolaryngology and Renal Research Laboratories, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Zhang Z, Bao YY, Zhou SH. Pump Proton and Laryngeal H +/K + ATPases. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:1509-1514. [PMID: 33363399 PMCID: PMC7754099 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s284952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The presence of extra-gastric H+/K+ ATPases may explain the clinically significant effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) pharmacotherapy in patients with chronic laryngitis related to laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) but without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms. Given the need for a better understanding of GERD and LPRD, we review the various proton pumps with respect to their classification, function, and distribution. We then consider the potential role of the laryngeal H+/K+ ATPase pump in LPRD. Methods We searched databases of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to achieve related published before September 15, 2020. Results There were only seven English-literatures meeting inclusive criteria about laryngeal H+/K+ ATPases. Some studies provide convincing evidence of a laryngeal H+/K+ ATPase in normal laryngeal tissues but also suggest the potential role of the proton pump in the abnormal mucus secretion frequently seen in patients with chronic laryngitis. Conclusion A laryngeal H+/K+ ATPase expresses in normal laryngeal tissues. These findings question the current understanding of GERD and LPRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peoples Hospital of Yuyao City, Yuyao 315400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Bao YY, Jiang Q, Li ZW, Yu E, Zhou SH, Yao HT, Fan J, Yong WW. Gastric H +/K +-ATPase Expression in Normal Laryngeal Tissue and Laryngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12919-12931. [PMID: 33363389 PMCID: PMC7751835 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have suggested that laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an independent risk factor for laryngeal carcinoma. However, it remains unclear whether either condition affects the level of H+/K+-ATPase expression in laryngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to explore the distributions of proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) α- and β-subunits in normal laryngeal tissue and laryngeal carcinoma. Results Messenger RNAs encoding both the α- and β-subunits were found in the normal epiglottic, ventricular fold, vocal fold, and arytenoid mucosae, as well as epiglottic cartilage. The distributions and expression levels of H+/K+-ATPase α-subunits in various laryngeal subregions did not significantly differ in IHC, RT-PCR, or Western blotting. However, Western blotting revealed a significant difference between the expression level of the β-subunit protein in the epiglottic cartilage and the levels in other sites. The expression levels of both subunits were significantly higher in carcinomatous than in paracarcinomatous tissue and normal laryngeal tissue. The mean follow-up duration was 66.2 months (range, 17–162 months). In all, 4 patients died during follow-up, 4 were lost to follow-up, and 22 were alive and free of disease at the end of follow-up. Two patients developed lung metastases and six developed disease recurrences (at 2, 8, 14, 16, 36, and 41 months). The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 93.0% and 77.0%, respectively. Univariate analyses showed that the 5-year OSs were significantly associated with the T, N, and clinical stages but not with age, alcohol use, pathological differentiation, or the expression levels of the α- or β-subunits (as revealed by IHC, RT-PCR, or Western blotting). However, in multivariate regression analyses, the 5-year OSs were not significantly associated with any clinicopathological factor or the expression levels of either subunit. Conclusion H+/K+-ATPase is expressed in the normal larynx, including in the epiglottic cartilage and the mucosae of the epiglottis, ventricular fold, and arytenoid vocal fold. The expression levels of the H+/K+-ATPase α- and β-subunits in laryngeal carcinomas were higher than in normal laryngeal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou City, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, People's Republic of China
| | - Er Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tian Yao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Yong
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Messerli MA, Sarkar A. Advances in Electrochemistry for Monitoring Cellular Chemical Flux. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4984-5002. [PMID: 31057100 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190506111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The transport of organic and inorganic molecules, along with inorganic ions across the plasma membrane results in chemical fluxes that reflect the cellular function in healthy and diseased states. Measurement of these chemical fluxes enables the characterization of protein function and transporter stoichiometry, characterization of a single cell and embryo viability prior to implantation, and screening of pharmaceutical agents. Electrochemical sensors emerge as sensitive and non-invasive tools for measuring chemical fluxes immediately outside the cells in the boundary layer, that are capable of monitoring a diverse range of transported analytes including inorganic ions, gases, neurotransmitters, hormones, and pharmaceutical agents. Used on their own or in combination with other methods, these sensors continue to expand our understanding of the function of rare cells and small tissues. Advances in sensor construction and detection strategies continue to improve sensitivity under physiological conditions, diversify analyte detection, and increase throughput. These advances will be discussed in the context of addressing technical challenges to measuring chemical flux in the boundary layer of cells and measuring the resultant changes to the chemical concentration in the bulk media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. United States
| | - Anyesha Sarkar
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. United States
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Tian C, Gagnon LH, Longo-Guess C, Korstanje R, Sheehan SM, Ohlemiller KK, Schrader AD, Lett JM, Johnson KR. Hearing loss without overt metabolic acidosis in ATP6V1B1 deficient MRL mice, a new genetic model for non-syndromic deafness with enlarged vestibular aqueducts. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:3722-3735. [PMID: 28934385 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the human ATP6V1B1 gene cause distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA; OMIM #267300) often associated with sensorineural hearing impairment; however, mice with a knockout mutation of Atp6v1b1 were reported to exhibit a compensated acidosis and normal hearing. We discovered a new spontaneous mutation (vortex, symbol vtx) of Atp6v1b1 in an MRL/MpJ (MRL) colony of mice. In contrast to the reported phenotype of the knockout mouse, which was developed on a primarily C57BL/6 (B6) strain background, MRL-Atp6v1b1vtx/vtx mutant mice exhibit profound hearing impairment, which is associated with enlarged endolymphatic compartments of the inner ear. Mutant mice have alkaline urine but do not exhibit overt metabolic acidosis, a renal phenotype similar to that of the Atpbv1b1 knockout mouse. The abnormal inner ear phenotype of MRL- Atp6v1b1vtx/vtx mice was lost when the mutation was transferred onto the C57BL/6J (B6) background, indicating the influence of strain-specific genetic modifiers. To genetically map modifier loci in Atp6v1b1vtx/vtx mice, we analysed ABR thresholds of progeny from a backcross segregating MRL and B6 alleles. We found statistically significant linkage with a locus on Chr 13 that accounts for about 20% of the hearing threshold variation in the backcross mice. The important effect that genetic background has on the inner ear phenotype of Atp6v1b1 mutant mice provides insight into the hearing loss variability associated with dRTA caused by ATP6V1B1 mutations. Because MRL-Atp6v1b1vxt/vtx mice do not recapitulate the metabolic acidosis of dRTA patients, they provide a new genetic model for nonsyndromic deafness with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA; OMIM #600791).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tian
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin K Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Angela D Schrader
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jaclynn M Lett
- Department of Otolaryngology, Central Institute for the Deaf, Fay and Carl Simons Center for Hearing and Deafness, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Yang GT, Zhao HY, Kong Y, Sun NN, Dong AQ. Study of the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric function in obese rats. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2940-2947. [PMID: 28522911 PMCID: PMC5413788 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i16.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of nesfatin-1 on gastric function in obese rats.
METHODS The obese rat model was induced by a high-fat diet. The gastric emptying rate and gastric acid secretory capacity of the rats were determined after treatment with different drug concentrations of nesfatin-1 and administration routes. Based on this, the expression of H+/K+-ATPase was measured using RT-PCR and western blot to preliminarily explore the mechanism of gastric acid secretion changes.
RESULTS Body weight, body length, and Lee’s index of the rats significantly increased in the high-fat diet-induced obese rat model. Two hours after lateral intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1, the gastric emptying rate and gastric acid secretory capacity of rats decreased. Four hours after injection, both were restored to normal levels. In addition, the expression of H+/K+-ATPase decreased and moved in line with changes in gastric acid secretory capacity. This in vivo experiment revealed that intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1, rather than intravenous injection, could suppress gastric function in obese rats. Moreover, its effect on the gastric emptying and gastric acid secretory capacity of rats is dose-dependent within a certain period of time.
CONCLUSION Through this research, we provide a theoretical basis for further studies on nesfatin-1, a potential anti-obesity drug.
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Wangemann P, Marcus DC. Ion and Fluid Homeostasis in the Cochlea. UNDERSTANDING THE COCHLEA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52073-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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