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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Musat M, Elian V, Iliescu C. Liquid Biopsy: A Game Changer for Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2661. [PMID: 38473908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to escalate globally, there is a growing need for novel, less-invasive biomarkers capable of early diabetes detection and monitoring of disease progression. Liquid biopsy, recognized for its minimally invasive nature, is increasingly being applied beyond oncology, and nevertheless shows its potential when the collection of the tissue biopsy is not possible. This diagnostic approach involves utilizing liquid biopsy markers such as cell-free nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles, and diverse metabolites for the molecular diagnosis of T2D and its related complications. In this context, we thoroughly examine recent developments in T2D liquid biopsy research. Additionally, we discuss the primary challenges and future prospects of employing liquid biopsy in the management of T2D. Prognosis, diagnosis and monitoring of T2D through liquid biopsy could be a game-changing technique for personalized diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- eBio-Hub Research-Center, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Musat
- eBio-Hub Research-Center, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Endocrinology, C.I. Parhon National Institute of Endocrinology, 011683 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Viviana Elian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 5-7 Ion Movila Street, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Prof. Dr. N. C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- eBio-Hub Research-Center, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, 6 Iuliu Maniu Bulevard, Campus Building, 061344 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Str., 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- National Research and Development Institute in Microtechnologies-IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Romania
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Caixeta DC, Pennisi PRC, Moura DV, Nunes MAC, Espindola FS, Blumenberg C, Paranhos LR, Sabino-Silva R. Association of salivary alpha-2-macroglobulin with glycemia and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 140:818-828. [PMID: 36102452 PMCID: PMC9671562 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0816.r2.19052022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG) in the blood has been correlated with diabetes and the HbA1c profile; however, no systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the association of A2MG salivary levels and glycemia or HbA1c levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether A2MG salivary levels are related to the glycemia or HbA1c levels in DM2 patients. DESIGN AND SETTING Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil. METHODS Eight databases were used as research sources. The eligibility criteria included studies that reported data regarding mean salivary A2MG and the correlation between glycemia and/or HbA1c levels of DM2 subjects (uncontrolled and well-controlled) and non-diabetic subjects. The risk of bias of the studies selected was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools for use in JBI systematic reviews. Pooled correlation coefficients were estimated using the Hunter-Schmidt method. Study estimates were weighted according to their sample size, and heterogeneity was calculated using the chi-square statistic. RESULTS Four studies on DM2 patients were included in this systematic review after careful analysis of 1482 studies. Three studies compared A2MG with HbA1c and glycemia. Overall, the correlation between A2MG and HbA1c was strong (r = 0.838). In contrast, the correlation between A2MG and glycemia was low (r = 0.354). CONCLUSION The strong association between HbA1C and salivary A2MG suggests that this salivary protein has the potential to be a surrogate for HbA1C, if corroboratory further evidence is obtained through large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- PhD. Collaborative Researcher, Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostics and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Vieira Moura
- Master’s Student, Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostics and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil
| | | | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- PhD. Professor, Institute of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil
| | - Cauane Blumenberg
- PhD. Collaborative Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Epidemiology, Universidade Federal University de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas (RS), Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- PhD. Professor, Division of Preventive and Social Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- PhD. Professor, Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostics and Nanotheranostics, Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia (MG), Brazil
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Zhang B, Yu L, Zhu R, Wei X, Fan X, Hu H, Yang D, Du H, Zhao M, Li L, Oh Y, Feng Y, Gu N. Malting barley carbon dots-mediated oxidative stress promotes insulin resistance in mice via NF-κB pathway and MAPK cascade. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:331. [PMID: 35842638 PMCID: PMC9288084 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food-borne carbon dots (CDs) are widely generated during food processing and are inevitably ingested by humans causing toxicity. However, the toxic effects of food-borne CDs on the blood glucose metabolism are unknown. Results In this study, we brewed beer via a representative strategy and extracted the melting-barley CDs (MBCDs) to explore the toxic effects on blood glucose in mice. We found the accumulation of fluorescent labeled MBCDs in various organs and oral administration of MBCDs can cause visceral toxicity, manifested as liver damage. Mice were orally administered MBCDs (5 and 25 mg/kg) for 16 weeks, and increased levels of fasting blood glucose were observed in both MBCDs-treated groups. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that MBCDs activate oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, the MAPK cascade, and PI3K/Akt signaling in mice livers. Mechanistically, MBCDs exposure-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction activates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and MAPK cascade, thereby promoting phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 at Ser307 and inducing insulin resistance (IR). Meanwhile, the IR promoted gluconeogenesis, which enhanced MBCDs-induced hyperglycemia of mice. Importantly, inhibition of the ROS significantly attenuated the MBCDs-induced inflammatory response and MAPK cascade, thereby alleviating IR and hyperglycemia in mice. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed that MBCDs promote ROS overproduction and thus induced IR, resulting in imbalance of glucose homeostasis in mice. More importantly, this study was further assessed to reveal an imperative emphasis on the reevaluation of dietary and environmental CDs exposure, and has important implications for T2DM prevention research. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01543-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Lidong Yu
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19019, USA
| | - Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150006, China.
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Ding H, Huang J, Deng Y, Tin SPP, Wong MCS, Yeoh EK. Characteristics of participants who take up screening tests for diabetes and lipid disorders: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055764. [PMID: 35487721 PMCID: PMC9058764 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review on the characteristics of participants who attended screening programmes with blood glucose tests, lipid profiles or a combination of them, respectively. DESIGN Systematic review following the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Medline databases for English literature from 1 January 2000 to 1 April 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Original observational studies that reported baseline characteristics of apparently healthy adult participants screening for diabetes and lipid disorders were included in this review. DATA EXTRACTION We examined their sociodemographic characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle habits. The quality of the included articles was evaluated by the Appraisal of Cross-sectional Studies. RESULTS A total of 33 articles involving 38 studies in 22 countries were included and analysed in this systematic review. Overall, there was a higher participation rate among subjects who were female in all screening modalities (female vs male: 46.6%-63.9% vs 36.1%-53.4% for diabetes screening; 48.8%-58.4% vs 41.6%-51.2% for lipid screening; and 36.4%-76.8% vs 23.2%-63.6% for screening offering both). Compared with the BMI standard from the WHO, participants in lipid screening had lower BMI (male: 23.8 kg/m2 vs 24.2 kg/m2, p<0.01; female: 22.3 kg/m2 vs 23.6 kg/m2, p<0.01). Furthermore, it is less likely for individuals of lower socioeconomic status to participate in diabetes or lipid screening in developed areas. CONCLUSIONS We identified that individuals from lower socioeconomic groups were less likely to take up programmes for diabetes and/or lipid screening in developed areas. These populations are also likely to be at higher risk of non-communicable diseases. Future studies should investigate the barriers and facilitators of screening among non-participants, where targeted interventions to enhance their screening uptake are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Ding
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Huang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyang Deng
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sze Pui Pamela Tin
- Healthcare & Social Development, Our Hong Kong Foundation, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Chi-Sang Wong
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Eng-Kiong Yeoh
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Zaky AS, Kandeil M, Abdel-Gabbar M, Fahmy EM, Almehmadi MM, Ali TM, Ahmed OM. The Antidiabetic Effects and Modes of Action of the Balanites aegyptiaca Fruit and Seed Aqueous Extracts in NA/STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020263. [PMID: 35213996 PMCID: PMC8876146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that threatens human health. Medicinal plants have been a source of wide varieties of pharmacologically active constituents and used extensively as crude extracts or as pure compounds for treating various disease conditions. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects and the modes of action of the aqueous extracts of the fruits and seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-d-glucose and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- were the major components of the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed extracts, respectively. A single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) 15 min after intraperitoneal NA injection (60 mg/kg b.w.) was administered to induce type 2 DM. After induction was established, the diabetic rats were treated with the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed aqueous extracts (200 mg/kg b.w./day) via oral gavage for 4 weeks. As a result of the treatments with the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed extracts, the treated diabetic-treated rats exhibited a significant improvement in the deleterious effects on oral glucose tolerance; serum insulin, and C-peptide levels; liver glycogen content; liver glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase activities; serum lipid profile; serum free fatty acid level; liver lipid peroxidation; glutathione content and anti-oxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase) activities; and the mRNA expression of the adipose tissue expression of the insulin receptor β-subunit. Moreover, the treatment with fruit and seed extracts also produced a remarkable improvement of the pancreatic islet architecture and integrity and increased the islet size and islet cell number. In conclusion, the B. aegyptiaca fruit and seed aqueous extracts exhibit potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, which may be mediated by increasing the serum insulin levels, decreasing insulin resistance, and enhancing the anti-oxidant defense system in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa S. Zaky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt; (A.S.Z.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Mohamed Kandeil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt; (A.S.Z.); (M.A.-G.)
| | - Eman M. Fahmy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan 11795, Egypt;
| | - Mazen M. Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tarek M. Ali
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef P.O. Box 62521, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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Kaur G, Lakshmi PVM, Rastogi A, Bhansali A, Jain S, Teerawattananon Y, Bano H, Prinja S. Diagnostic accuracy of tests for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242415. [PMID: 33216783 PMCID: PMC7678987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This systematic review aimed to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of screening tests for early detection of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in previously undiagnosed adults. Methods This systematic review included published studies that included one or more index tests (random and fasting tests, HbA1c) for glucose detection, with 75-gram Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (or 2-hour post load glucose) as a reference standard (PROSPERO ID CRD42018102477). Seven databases were searched electronically (from their inception up to March 9, 2020) accompanied with bibliographic and website searches. Records were manually screened and full text were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, data extraction was done using standardized form and quality assessment of studies using QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-analysis was done using bivariate model using Stata 14.0. Optimal cut offs in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the tests were analysed using R software. Results Of 7,151 records assessed by title and abstract, a total of 37 peer reviewed articles were included in this systematic review. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) for diagnosing diabetes with HbA1c (6.5%; venous sample; n = 17 studies) were 50% (95% CI: 42–59%), 97.3% (95% CI: 95.3–98.4), 18.32 (95% CI: 11.06–30.53) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43–0.60), respectively. However, the optimal cut-off for diagnosing diabetes in previously undiagnosed adults with HbA1c was estimated as 6.03% with pooled sensitivity of 73.9% (95% CI: 68–79.1%) and specificity of 87.2% (95% CI: 82–91%). The optimal cut-off for Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) was estimated as 104 milligram/dL (mg/dL) with a sensitivity of 82.3% (95% CI: 74.6–88.1%) and specificity of 89.4% (95% CI: 85.2–92.5%). Conclusion Our findings suggest that at present recommended threshold of 6.5%, HbA1c is more specific and less sensitive in diagnosing the newly detected diabetes in undiagnosed population from community settings. Lowering of thresholds for HbA1c and FPG to 6.03% and 104 mg/dL for early detection in previously undiagnosed persons for screening purposes may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjeet Kaur
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P. V. M. Lakshmi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashu Rastogi
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yot Teerawattananon
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Intervention Technology Assessment Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Henna Bano
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shankar Prinja
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Amawi KF, Alkhatib AJ. Urtica Pilulifera in Treating Pre-diabetic Rat Model to Control the Blood Glucose, Lipids and Oxidative Stress. Med Arch 2020; 74:168-171. [PMID: 32801429 PMCID: PMC7405998 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2020.74.168-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-diabetic precedes the development of full diabetes. Studying and identification changes in pre-diabetic conditions can give the possibility to decline the development of diabetes and treat conditions associated with diabetes such as cardiovascular diseases. Aim: The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the potential of using Urtica pilulifera in treating the pre-diabetic rat model and to investigate its anti-oxidant impact. Methods: The pre-diabetic model was induced in rats through daily giving high sucrose diet (35%) for 30 days. The extraction of U. pilulifera leaves was made as described by previous studies. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, control group (n=10), pre-diabetic group (n=10), and treated group with the extract of U. pilulifera (n=10). Control group rats received standard diet; pre-diabetic group rats received standard diet and high sucrose (35%) in drinking water, treated group rats received the same conditions as a pre-diabetic group, with intra-peritoneal injection of U. pilulifera injection on daily basis. After one month experiment, blood samples were taken from all rats and tested for glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, GSH, TAC, and MDA. Results: Both glucose and triglycerides levels were significantly increased in pre-diabetic groups, and significantly reduced in the treated group by the extract of U.pilulifera. The cholesterol level was not significantly changed in all groups. The levels of GSH were significantly reduced in the pre-diabetic group compared with the control group. Treatment with the extract of U. pilulifera increased the levels of GSH significantly compared with the pre-diabetic group. The levels of TAC were not significantly changed between the control group and the pre-diabetic group, but significantly increased in the treated group compared with the pre-diabetic group. The levels of MDA significantly increased in the pre-diabetic group compared with the control group, and significantly reduced in the treated group compared with the control group. Conclusion: High sucrose pre-diabetic model is a good model to study diabetes at early stages, and the treatment using U. pilulifera has several benefits in reducing glucose and lipid profile lipids as well as combating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahed J Alkhatib
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology of Forensic Science and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
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Choo M, Hoy GE, Dugan SP, McEwen LN, Gunaratnam N, Wyckoff J, Jeevaraaj T, Saththiyaseelan A, Ganeikabahu B, Katulanda P, Balis U, Herman WH, Saha AK. Imputing HbA1c from capillary blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in Sri Lanka: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038148. [PMID: 32690534 PMCID: PMC7371026 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a population-specific methodology for estimating glycaemic control that optimises resource allocation for patients with diabetes in rural Sri Lanka. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. PARTICIPANTS Patients with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (n=220) from three hospitals in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. OUTCOME MEASURE Cross-validation was used to build and validate linear regression models to identify predictors of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Validation of models that regress HbA1c on known determinants of glycaemic control was thus the major outcome. These models were then used to devise an algorithm for categorising the patients based on estimated levels of glycaemic control. RESULTS Time since last oral intake other than water and capillary blood glucose were the statistically significant predictors of HbA1c and thus included in the final models. In order to minimise type II error (misclassifying a high-risk individual as low-risk or moderate-risk), an algorithm for interpreting estimated glycaemic control was created. With this algorithm, 97.2% of the diabetic patients with HbA1c ≥9.0% were correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS Our calibrated algorithm represents a highly sensitive approach for detecting patients with high-risk diabetes while optimising the allocation of HbA1c testing. Implementation of these methods will optimise the usage of resources devoted to the management of diabetes in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Further external validation with diverse patient populations is required before applying our algorithm more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Choo
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Gregory E Hoy
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah P Dugan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Laura N McEwen
- Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Naresh Gunaratnam
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Huron Gastroenterology Associates, Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States
- The Grace Girls' Home, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
| | - Jennifer Wyckoff
- Internal Medicine - Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | | | - B Ganeikabahu
- Trincomalee General Hospital, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasad Katulanda
- Clinical Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Western, Sri Lanka
| | - Ulysses Balis
- Pathology - Informatics, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - William H Herman
- Internal Medicine - Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anjan K Saha
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Wasana KGP, Attanayake AP, Weerarathna TP, Ayoma Perera Wijewardana Jayatilaka K. Demographic Associations of Diabetes Status by Both Fasting Plasma Glucose Concentration and Glycated Hemoglobin in a Community Survey in Galle District, Sri Lanka. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:6127432. [PMID: 32322415 PMCID: PMC7166292 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tools used in detecting individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The present study was aimed to determine the demographic associations of diabetes status by both tests (FPG and HbA1C) in Galle district, Sri Lanka. 147 adults (30-60 years) who are having FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL underwent demographic evaluations and testing for HbA1C. Group 01 (diabetes status diagnosed by both tests) and group 2 (diabetes status diagnosed only by FPG) were compared using independant sample t-test and chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to study the association between the demographic factors and the diabetes status by both tests. Of the 147 study subjects, 38.1% were males, 61.9% were females, and 63.3% had a family history of diabetes among first-degree relatives (FDR). Mean age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), FPG, and HbA1C of the participants were 48.4 ± 7.2 years, 25.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2, 88.8 ± 9.0 cm, 139.4 ± 30.1 mg/dL, and 6.4 ± 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes based on both tests was 55.1%. There is a significant difference in mean BMI and WC while no significant differences in mean age between groups 01 and 02. No association was seen between gender and diabetes status (X 2(1) = 0.086, p=0.770), while a significant difference was observed between DM among FDR and diabetes status (X 2(1) = 33.215, p < 0.001). Significance of odds of having diabetes by both tests with rising BMI (OR = 1.97, CI 1.15-3.36, p=0.013) and DM among FDR (OR = 7.95, CI 3.54-17.88, p=0.000) was seen. We conclude rising BMI and having DM among FDR are strongly associated with diabetes status diagnosed by both tests of FPG and HbA1C in community screening.
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Hu H, Fan X, Guo Q, Wei X, Yang D, Zhang B, Liu J, Wu Q, Oh Y, Feng Y, Chen K, Hou L, Gu N. Silicon dioxide nanoparticles induce insulin resistance through endoplasmic reticulum stress and generation of reactive oxygen species. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:41. [PMID: 31699096 PMCID: PMC6836410 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are one of the most widely utilized NPs in various food sectors. However, the potential endocrine toxicity of SiO2 NPs has not been characterized. Results In the present study, mice were orally administered a series of doses of SiO2 NPs. All doses of SiO2 NPs were absorbed into the blood, liver, and pancreas of the mice. Administration of 100 mg/kg bw (body weight) of SiO2 NPs significantly increased blood glucose levels in mice. However, the same dose of SiO2 fine-particles (FPs) did not result in altered blood glucose. Whole-genome analysis showed that SiO2 NPs affected the expression of genes associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, we showed that SiO2 NPs activated xenobiotic metabolism, resulting in ER stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress resulted in increased ROS production, which activated the NF-κB pathway leading to expression of inflammatory cytokines. Increased inflammatory cytokine expression resulted in serine phosphorylation of IRS1, which induced insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore these inflammatory cytokines activated the MAPK pathway, which further promoted the serine phosphorylation of IRS1. Insulin resistance resulted in elevated blood glucose. The ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) inhibited SiO2 NP-induced ROS production. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not affect SiO2 NP-induced ER stress, but inhibited SiO2 NP-induced activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, expression of inflammatory cytokines, SiO2 NP-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS1, and SiO2 NP-induced elevations of blood glucose. Conclusion Silicon dioxide NPs induced IR through ER stress and generation of ROS, but SiO2 FPs did not. Therefore, lifelong exposure of humans to SiO2 NPs may result in detrimental effects on blood glucose. The results of this study strongly suggested that non-nanoformed SiO2 should be used as food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Daqian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Kun Chen
- The Joint Research Center of Guangzhou University and Keele University for Gene Interference and Application, School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 West Da-zhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.
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