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Marschner F, Kanzow P, Wiegand A. Anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear: Systematic review, mapping, and meta-analysis. J Dent 2024; 144:104962. [PMID: 38552999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial condition. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify key risk factors for erosive tooth wear in permanent dentition. STUDY SELECTION Observational studies reporting anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies. Risk factors were visually presented in a heatmap, and where possible, random-effects meta-analyses were performed for the odds ratios (ORs) of risk factors. SOURCES Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) and manual searches in February 2023. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD4202339776). DATA A total of 87 publications reporting on 71 studies were included in the systematic review. The studies examined a variety of anamnestic risk factors (n = 80) that were categorized into ten domains (socio-demographics, socio-economics, general health, oral diseases, medication, oral hygiene, food, beverages, dietary habits, and leisure-related risk factors). Meta-analyses revealed significant associations between erosive tooth wear and male gender (padj.<0.001; OR=1.30, 95 % CI: 1.16-1.44), regurgitation (padj.=0.033; OR=2.27, 95 % CI: 1.41-3.65), digestive disorders (padj.<0.001; OR=1.81, 95 % CI: 1.48-2.21), consumption of acidic foods (padj.=0.033; OR=2.40, 95 % CI: 1.44-4.00), seasoning sauces (padj.=0.003; OR=1.28, 95 % CI: 1.13-1.44), nutritional supplements (padj.=0.019; OR=1.73, 95 % CI: 1.28-2.35), and carbonated drinks (padj.=0.019; OR=1.43, 95 % CI: 1.17-1.75). Most included studies exhibited low bias risk. CONCLUSIONS Observational studies investigated a variety of anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear. Future studies should employ validated questionnaires, particularly considering the most important risk factors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Erosive tooth wear is a prevalent condition. Clinicians should concentrate primarily on symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and dietary factors when screening patients at risk for erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Marschner
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.
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Bensel T, Megiroo S, Kronenberg W, Bömicke W, Ulrichs T, Hinz S. Oral Health Status of Healthcare Workers in Ilembula/Tanzania during the COVID-19 Condition. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:920. [PMID: 38727477 PMCID: PMC11083547 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The challenge of reduced dental treatment and education infrastructure in the Tanzanian highlands affects the oral health situation of both the general population and local healthcare workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of healthcare workers at Ilembula Lutheran Hospital (ILH), Tanzania, during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, 134 healthcare workers (62 women, 72 men; mean age 36.48 ± 9.56 years, range 19-59 years; median age 35.00 years) participated in this cross-sectional study, conducted from 12 February to 27 February. A dental examiner trained in oral health screening performed the oral health data collection. Data collection was performed by probability sampling using the Ilembula Data Collection Form-Oral Health (IDCF-Oral Health) questionnaire distributed in paper form. Ethical approval was obtained from the National Institute for Medical Research/Tanzania. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF/T) index proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was used with the associated caries measurement method and the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S). Details regarding edentulism, nutritional habits, and socio-economic factors were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression (α = 0.05). The average DMF-T index was 3.33 ± 0.82, with age, gender, meal frequency, and soft drink consumption significantly influencing the index. No evidence of dental plaque was detected in 43.3% of the participants. Of the participants, 32.8% required prosthetic treatment (Kennedy Class III), while 16.4% needed it for acute malocclusions. Oral hygiene products were used in 97% of cases. A total of 35.8% of the participants had an OHI-S score of up to 1.0, with (p < 0.001) age and (p < 0.001) sex having a significant influence on the index. The current oral health situation of healthcare workers at ILH shows a moderate need for restorative and prosthetic treatment in rural Tanzania. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no change in the need for dental treatment, which may be explained by the generally restricted access to dental healthcare in the investigated region. The development of an interdisciplinary oral health prophylaxis system could help to reduce the need for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bensel
- Institute for Research in International Assistance, Akkon University for Human Sciences, Colditzstraße 34-36, 12099 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (T.U.)
| | - Simon Megiroo
- Health Department, ELCT/North Central Diocese, Arusha P.O. Box 16173, Tanzania;
| | | | - Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Timo Ulrichs
- Institute for Research in International Assistance, Akkon University for Human Sciences, Colditzstraße 34-36, 12099 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (T.U.)
| | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Simangwa LD, Åstrøm AN, Johansson A, Minja IK, Johansson AK. Traditionally removed mandibular central incisors and oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study among adolescents in Maasai populated areas, Northern Tanzania. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:324. [PMID: 38468281 PMCID: PMC10926599 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional removal of mandibular anterior teeth has been existing for many years in the Sub-Saharan African countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and sociodemographic distribution of traditionally removed mandibular central incisors (TRMCI) and its association with oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) among adolescents in Maasai populated areas in the Northern part of Tanzania. METHODS Using a two-stage cluster sample design, with schools as the primary sampling unit, 23 out of 66 eligible rural schools were randomly selected. From each selected school, one class, expected to contain adolescents aged 12-14 years, was identified. The students from these selected classes were invited to participate in the study. A total of 989 adolescents were invited and 906 (91.6%) accepted to participate and completed both an interview and a clinical oral examination. RESULTS Mean age was 13.4 years (12-17 years, SD 1.2) and 43.9% were males (n = 398). The participants from Longido district amounted to 47.1%. The Maasai group constituted 79.6% of the study participants. The frequency of the participants missing at least one mandibular central incisor were 18.5%. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that adolescents from Longido district were more likely to report at least one TRMCI (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.4-3.3). Adolescents from non-Maasai group were less likely to have atleast one TRMCI compared to adolescents from Maasai ethnic group (OR = 0.02, 95% CI 0.002-0.15). Adolescents with at least one TRMCI were more likely to report impacts on OIDP (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.9-5.7) than those without TRMCI. Independent of the TRMCI status, adolescents from Longido district were less likely than their counterparts to report oral impacts (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.6). Similarly, adolescents from non-Masaai group were more likely than their counterparts to report oral impacts (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.5). CONCLUSION TRMCI is common among adolescents in the Maasai populated areas in the Northern part of Tanzania and strongly associated with the district of residence and Maasai ethnicity and has a negative impact on oral health related quality of life. There is a need for oral health education in the rural Maasai communities in Tanzania to increase awareness of the negative consequences of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutango D Simangwa
- Department of Dentistry - Oral Health Services, Katima Mulilo State Hospital, Katima Mulilo, Namibia.
| | - Anne N Åstrøm
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene K Minja
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ann-Katrin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Su S, Zhang J, Deng R, Wang W, Cui T, Su Y, Li X. Oral health status and associated factors among 12 to 15-year-old Chinese adolescents in Southeast China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37080. [PMID: 38277543 PMCID: PMC10817015 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed oral health conditions and associated factors (including sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported oral health-related behaviors) among Chinese adolescents. This cross-sectional study enrolled 3840 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from 12 middle schools in Foshan, Southeast China, in 2016, using multistage, stratified cluster sampling. Participants underwent a clinical oral examination and completed a questionnaire. The prevalence of dental caries, probe bleeding, and calculus was 37.6%, 46.2%, and 39.7%, respectively; the mean decayed/missed/filled teeth index was 0.86 ± 1.58. A mean of 2.09 ± 3.65 and 1.85 ± 3.52 teeth showed probe bleeding and calculus, respectively. Only 0.3% and 0.1% of adolescents aged 15 years had periodontal pockets (depth ≥ 4 mm) and attachment loss, respectively, which were most common in tooth positions 46 and 36 (Federation Dentaire International 2-digit system). Regarding oral health-related behavior, 49.1% of the participants failed to brush their teeth at least twice daily, 98.5% never or rarely used dental floss, and 58.7% reported middle-high frequency sugar consumption. Older age, female, administrative region, maternal education lower than university, brushing teeth less than twice daily, flossing less than once daily, and frequent sugar consumption were significant risk factors of caries. Older age, female, administrative region, brushing less than twice daily, and flossing less than once daily significantly increased periodontal risk. Despite the overall low prevalence of adverse dental conditions among adolescents in Foshan, their oral hygiene habits were undeveloped. Thus, their identified risk factors need close monitoring, and families, schools, communities, and the government should jointly promote adolescents' oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Su
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Ruibing Deng
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Tianqiang Cui
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Yuwu Su
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Foshan Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Digital Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
- Foshan Engineering Research Center of Stomatology, Foshan, P.R. China
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Zheng Y, Zhou X, Huang Y, Lu J, Cheng Q, Fan P, Xiong X. Low income is associated with impaired jaw function via anxiety and depression in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1373-1381. [PMID: 37641469 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between jaw function and income in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore this association and its relationship with anxiety and depression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 451 TMD patients, including 361 males and 90 females, participated in this study. The sociodemographic information of patients and their questionnaires including the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-8 (JFLS-8) were collected. Patients were divided into the high-income and low-income groups based on a household per capita income of 6000 RMB per month. Multiple regression and mediation analysis were used to explore the association between variables. The bootstrap method was applied to estimate confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Higher JFLS-8 scores were significantly correlated with higher GAD-7 scores (r = 0.361, p < .001), PHQ-9 scores (r = 0.339, p < .001). Females and patients with low income had statistically higher JFLS-8 scores (p < .01, p < .001). Mediation analysis with 10 000 bootstrap simulations revealed a significant direct association between JFLS-8 scores and income (-2.920, 95% CI [-4.757, -1.044], p = .002). A significant indirect association of JFLS-8 scores with income via GAD-7 scores and PHQ-9 scores was also observed (-0.889, 95% CI [-1.728, -0.164], p = .025), accounting for 23.3% of the total association. CONCLUSIONS Low income is associated with impaired jaw function via anxiety and depression in patients with TMD. Clinicians may need to pay more attention to the psychological status of low-income TMD patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Temporomandibular joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Psychology Research Institute, Research departments, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jinjin Lu
- Academy of Future Education, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peidi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Temporomandibular joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mbawalla HS, Nyamuryekung'e KK, Mtaya-Mlangwa M, Masalu JR. Dental Caries Pattern Amongst Tanzanian Children: National Oral Health Survey. Int Dent J 2023; 73:731-737. [PMID: 37308399 PMCID: PMC10509444 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in young children and adolescents is a public oral health challenge in countries with developing economies and economic transition. This study presents a demographic pattern of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-old Tanzanians based on the 2020 National Oral Health Survey findings. METHODS This is a cross-section study based on data from Tanzania's 5th National Oral Health Survey. Data on dental caries and basic demographics were collected employing World Health Organization Oral Health Survey protocols. Analysis was done using the SPSS computer programme version 23, and proportions and mean dental caries experiences in Decayed extracted filled teeth in primary dentition/Decayed Missing Filled Teeth in permanent dentition were summarised and chi-square statistics and binary logistic regression assessed the differences and determined the association between dental caries and the selected demographic characteristics. RESULTS The survey included 2187 participants; 42.4% were from rural areas and 50.7% were female. Overall caries prevalence was 17%, specifically 43.2%, 20.5%, and 25.5% amongst 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively. Decayed teeth components were 98.4%, 89.8%, and 91.4% amongst 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Overall mean (SD) DMFT amongst 12- and 15-year-olds were 0.40 (0.27) and 0.59 (1.35), respectively. Urban participants had significantly lower odds of dental caries experience (odds ratio, 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.84) compared with rural participants, whilst the 15-year-olds had higher odds of dental caries experience than the 12-year-olds. CONCLUSION Dental caries prevalence in primary dentition was high. The proportion of decayed teeth components of def/DMFT was the highest compared with that of missing and filled teeth components. Older adolescents and those from rural areas had higher odds of dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Shariff Mbawalla
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung'e
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa
- Orthodontics Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joyce-Rose Masalu
- Community Dentistry Unit, Department of Orthodontics, Paedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Amzat J, Kanmodi KK, Aminu K, Egbedina EA. Research on natal and neonatal teeth in Africa: A systematic scoping review of empirical evidence. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1242. [PMID: 37152227 PMCID: PMC10155507 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims In Africa, natal and neonatal teeth is a culture-bound phenomenon which is associated with several sociocultural connotations which might affect child survival. Different empirical studies have been conducted in Africa on natal and neonatal teeth; however, no known scoping review has been conducted to map the empirical evidence. This systematic scoping review (SSR) aims to document the available empirical evidence, research gaps, and hotspots on neonatal and natal teeth in Africa. Methods The methodology of this SSR was informed by the Joanna Brigg's Institute guidelines for SSRs, and it was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Eleven research databases were systematically searched to scooped out all literatures relevant to the scoping review question, after which they were screened for eligibility based on the review's selection criteria. Only the eligible literatures were included in the review. Data were extracted from the included literatures, after which the extracted data were collated, summarized, and presented as results. Results This review included only three journal articles. All the reviewed articles revealed knowledge gaps about natal/neonatal teeth. These articles also found misconceptions around natal/neonatal teeth; for example, nurses' and traditional birth attendants' beliefs about these teeth are contrary to scientifically known facts. Multiple myths associated with natal/neonatal teeth, as indicated in the reviewed studies, point to a poor understanding of the condition. Conclusion Neonates and infants are highly vulnerable persons; they require care and safeguarding from dental myths that could threaten their survival. Educative information concerning natal/neonatal teeth should be included in public health education programs to address the observed knowledge gaps among African populations and correct wrong beliefs on neonatal and natal teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimoh Amzat
- Department of SociologyUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria
- Department of SociologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Kehinde K. Kanmodi
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of PuthisastraPhnom PenhCambodia
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc.IbadanNigeria
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
- Medical Research UnitAdonai HospitalKaruNigeria
| | - Kafayat Aminu
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental HealthUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria
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Li J, Zhang K, Cha C, Lu Z, Liu L. Oral health status of students with visual or hearing impairments in Northeast China. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:242. [PMID: 37101257 PMCID: PMC10130807 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual or hearing impairments in students seriously affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify oral hygiene status and its influencing factors on visual or hearing impairments in students in Northeast China. METHODS This study was conducted in May 2022. A total of 118 visually impaired students and 56 hearing impaired students from Northeast China were included in this study via census. Oral examinations and questionnaire-based surveys of students and their teachers were conducted. The oral examinations included caries experience, prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus. The questionnaires included three parts: Social demographics (residence, sex and race) and parents' educational level; Oral hygiene habits and medical treatment behaviors; Knowledge and attitudes towards oral health care. This questionnaire was selected from the Fourth China National Oral Health Survey and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were previously tested. T tests, one-way ANOVA, χ2 tests and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences and dependent variables of dental caries. RESULTS The prevalence of dental caries in visually impaired and hearing impaired students were 66.10% and 66.07%. The mean number of DMFT, prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in visually impaired students were 2.71 ± 3.06, 52.08% and 59.38%, respectively. The mean number of DMFT, prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in hearing impaired students were 2.57 ± 2.83, 17.86% and 42.86%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic analysis showed that fluoride use and parents' educational background had an impact on the caries experience of visually impaired students. The daily toothbrushing frequency and parents' educational background had an impact on the caries experience of hearing impaired students. CONCLUSIONS The oral health situation of students with visual or hearing impairments remains severe. It is still necessary to promote oral and general health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street, No.117, 110101, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street, No.117, 110101, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Cha
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street, No.117, 110101, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenfu Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street, No.117, 110101, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street, No.117, 110101, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Zhao J, Wang D, Zhang B. Assessment of oral health status and related factors in adolescents aged 12-15 years in the Gansu Province of China: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:42. [PMID: 36698127 PMCID: PMC9875395 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The national oral epidemiological survey conducted every decade has become an indispensable means of detecting changes in oral disease patterns. This study was undertaken to investigate the oral health status and related factors in 12-15-year-old students in Gansu, China. METHODS According to the methodology adopted by the Fourth National Oral Health Survey, a multi-stage, stratified, random sampling method was used to select 3871 adolescents aged 12-15 years from four regions of Gansu Province for oral examination and questionnaire survey. Caries experience was measured using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index; and periodontal health examination included gingival bleeding, calculus, periodontal pockets and attachment loss. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, and oral health knowledge and behaviors. SPSS20.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the survey data. RESULTS The mean DMFT index was 0.83 ± 1.42. The prevalence of caries experience was 38.6%, filling rate was 1.6%, and pit and fissure sealing rate was 0.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, rural district, older age, non-only child, frequency of dental visits, and toothache experience were the risk factors for caries experience, with OR ranging between 1.280 and 3.831 (p < 0.05). Prevalence of healthy periodontium was 29.8%. Female sex, rural district, and younger age were found to be the protective factors for healthy periodontium, with OR ranging between 1.178 and 1.414 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents in Gansu Province had high prevalence of caries experience along with low filling rate, and low prevalence of healthy periodontium. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously strengthen oral health education, disease prevention and control programs in the province. This would help improve the oral health-related quality of life of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhang
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Di Wang
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Dandan Wang
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Baoping Zhang
- grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Hospital of Stomatology Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China ,Gansu Province Key Lab of Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Intelligent Manufacturing, Lanzhou, 730000 China ,grid.32566.340000 0000 8571 0482Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Kimmie-Dhansay F, Bhayat A. Prevalence of dental caries in the permanent dentition amongst 12-year-olds in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:453. [PMID: 36280818 PMCID: PMC9594869 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries (DC) is highly prevalent condition affecting mostly young children. There has been no systematic review done on the prevalence of DC amongst 12-year -olds in Africa. Although some African countries have reported a decrease in DC prevalence, others have shown an increase and it is essential to measure current trends in order to identify strategies and programmes that could assist in reducing DC in Africa. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of DC (condition) amongst the permanent dentition of 12-year-old children (population) in Africa (context). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Peer reviewed cross-sectional articles from January 2000 until December 2021 was searched and this included the following databases: Pubmed (Medline); SCOPUS; CINAHL (via EBSCOhost); Academic Search Complete (via EBSCOhost); Dentistry and Oral Sciences Sources (via EBSCOhost); and Science Direct. The search was last updated on the 10th January 2022. Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to assess risk of bias. Prevalence figures were stratified by Urban/Rural status, country and time using a random-effects model. All studies performed on children 12-year-olds on the African continent were included. The prevalence of DC and the DMFT scores were the primary and secondary outcome measures, respectively. Only articles consisting of 12-year-old children who reside in Africa were included in this study. The systematic review was registered with Prospero CRD42021293666. RESULTS 18,080 participants were included in this review. A total of thirty studies were included in the review. The pooled effect size of dental caries severity was 1.09 (CI 0.91-1.27) and the overall prevalence was 36% (CI 29.4-41.7%). Eritrea (78%) had the highest prevalence of DC while Zambia had the lowest (11%); Eritrea also had the highest DMFT score (2.5) with Sudan having the lowest score (0.49). Urban cities had the highest DMFT score (1.32, CI 0.97-1.68), compared to rural cities (1.13, CI 0.86-1.4) and there was an increasing trend in DC prevalence over time from 28% (CI 23-34%) in 2000 to 2005 to 57% (CI 43-72%) in studies conducted after 2015. The risk of bias was very low where majority of the studies scored more than 50% in the JBI critical appraisal tool. CONCLUSIONS There was a wide discrepancy in the DC prevalence and scores across the different countries, settings (rural versus urban) and there was an increase in the prevalence over time. This review was self-funded.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Kimmie-Dhansay
- grid.8974.20000 0001 2156 8226Department of Community Oral Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A. Bhayat
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Department of Community Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Bensel T, Erhart I, Megiroo S, Kronenberg W, Bömicke W, Hinz S. Oral health status of nursing staff in Ilembula, Wanging'ombe District, Njombe region, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:169. [PMID: 35534856 PMCID: PMC9081662 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the reduced dental treatment infrastructure in the Tanzanian highlands, maintaining good oral health is a challenge for not only the general population but also individual professional groups. In this study, the caries prevalence and, subsequently, the prosthetic treatment needs of the nurses of the Ilembula Lutheran Hospital (ILH) and Ilembula Institute of Health and Allied Sciences (IIHAS), Tanzania, were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-eight ILH and IIHAS nurses and nursing students (87 women, 81 men; age 23.1 ± 6.1 years, range 18-58 years) participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in February 2020. The participants were examined at the dental office of ILH. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMF/T) Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and details regarding edentulism, nutrition habits, and socioeconomic factors were collected. Linear regression and binary logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean DMF/T-Index was 6.30 ± 4.52. In 7.14% of the investigated nurses, no dental plaque was detected. An enhanced prosthodontic treatment (Kennedy Class III) demand was identified in 31.50% of the participants, and 4.80% of the participants required treatment for acute malocclusion. Oral hygiene products were used by 99.4% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The current oral health situation of the study participants showed a moderate restorative and prosthetic treatment demand in the rural area of Tanzania. The development of an interdisciplinary oral health prophylaxis system could be a means to remedy this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bensel
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Halle, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Imke Erhart
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Halle, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Megiroo
- Health Department, ELCT/NORTH CENTRAL DIOCESE, P. O. Box 16173, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Werner Kronenberg
- Ilembula Lutheran Hospital, P.O. Box 14, Ilembula, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Wolfgang Bömicke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hinz
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Halle, Magdeburger Straße 16, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Zumpe L, Bensel T, Wienke A, Mtaya-Mlangwa M, Hey J. The Oral Health Situation of 12-Year-Old School Children in the Rural Region of Ilembula in Southwestern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212237. [PMID: 34831993 PMCID: PMC8618583 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There has been no research on the prevalence of and factors associated with dental caries in rural southwestern Tanzania among schoolchildren. Determining the prevalence of and factors associated with dental caries will help to assess the need for dental intervention and prophylactic measures among children in the region. In February 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wanging’ombe District of the Ilembula Ward. The data were collected through clinical examinations and personal interviews at two primary schools. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk indicators for caries. The study included 319 students aged 11–12 years (average 11.92 ± 0.27 years). The mean Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index was 0.24 ± 0.68, and the mean Specific affected Caries Index was 1.66 ± 0.9. The greatest influences on the caries risk were poor oral hygiene (OR 8.05, 95% CI 0.49–133.23), low tooth brushing frequency (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.26–7.26) and low level of education in parents (OR 2.63, 95% CI 0.99–6.98). Dental caries was low among students in rural areas in the Wanging’ombe District.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zumpe
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University, 06112 Halle, Germany; (L.Z.); (T.B.)
| | - Tobias Bensel
- Clinic for Prosthodontics, Martin-Luther-University, 06112 Halle, Germany; (L.Z.); (T.B.)
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Computer Science, Martin-Luther-University, 06112 Halle, Germany;
| | - Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65014, Tanzania;
| | - Jeremias Hey
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-662-784
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Nath S, Poirier B, Ju X, Kapellas K, Haag D, Jamieson L. Periodontal disease inequities among Indigenous populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:11-29. [PMID: 34655251 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of periodontal disease varies considerably between Indigenous and general populations. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of periodontal disease among Indigenous populations in comparison with non-Indigenous populations. A systematic electronic search of databases and grey literature sources was conducted of all records through to February 2021. Study selection criteria included original data that reported the prevalence of periodontal diseases among an Indigenous population and compared with a non-Indigenous population, without any restriction on age, sex, language or geographical location. Critical appraisal was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for prevalence studies. A random-effects model using standardised mean difference (SMD) as the effect measure was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of periodontitis. Subgroup analysis of study location and publication source was also performed. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test, and funnel plots were used for visualisation. A total of 19 articles were included for descriptive and meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 35% (95% CI: 0.18, 0.52) higher among the Indigenous population than the non-Indigenous population. The pooled prevalence of periodontitis was consistently higher among the Indigenous populations when stratified according to periodontitis definition employed, study location and publication source. Indigenous populations have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than non-Indigenous populations. To decrease oral health inequities, more emphasis should be given to oral health promotion and specific culturally safe interventions working in partnership with Indigenous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nath
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brianna Poirier
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiangqun Ju
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kostas Kapellas
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dandara Haag
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Entezami S, Peres KG, Li H, Albarki Z, Hijazi M, Ahmed KE. Tooth wear and socioeconomic status in childhood and adulthood: Findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Dent 2021; 115:103827. [PMID: 34600044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association and level of evidence between socioeconomic status (SES) and tooth wear (TW) in children, adolescents, and adults. DATA Eligibility criteria comprised population-based observational studies assessing the association between SES and TW in permanent dentition of adolescents and adults. Interventional and descriptive studies or those without an internal comparison between exposed and nonexposed groups were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were applied where applicable. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate the pooled effect measures. Q-statistic, I2statistic, subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed study heterogeneity. SOURCES PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published in English between 1st January 1980 and 31st March 2021. RESULTS Sixty-five studies were included, involving 63,893 participants in over 30 countries. A positive association was found between TW and education (OR=1.25 [0.96; 1.62]), family income (OR=1.18 [0.91; 1.53]), and private school (OR= 1.24 [0.90; 1.72]) among adolescents. Higher educated adults had a lower risk for TW (OR=0.70 [0.52; 0.93]). Most included studies had a moderate RoB. Limitations relating to population representation and assessment methodologies were identified in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS SES was associated with TW with its direction depending on the individuals' age. The overall quality of evidence was moderate. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANC SES should be included as part of the routine screening and risk assessment for tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Entezami
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Karen Glazer Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Huihua Li
- National Dental Centre, ACP Research Office, Duke-NUS Medical School, Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Zahra'a Albarki
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Mariam Hijazi
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Khaled E Ahmed
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Griffith Health Centre (G40), Office 7.59, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Nath S, Poirier BF, Ju X, Kapellas K, Haag DG, Ribeiro Santiago PH, Jamieson LM. Dental Health Inequalities among Indigenous Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2021; 55:268-287. [PMID: 34107490 PMCID: PMC8491513 DOI: 10.1159/000516137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to document the disparity in dental caries experiences among indigenous and nonindigenous populations globally by measuring dental caries prevalence and severity. An electronic database (MEDLINE) was initially searched using relevant keywords. This was followed by use of the search string in the following electronic databases: Scopus, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Open Grey. Two independent reviewers conducted the study search and screening, quality assessment, and data extraction, which was facilitated using JBI SUMARI software. The primary outcome was the decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) score and dental caries prevalence. Subgroup analysis was done by country of publication to identify causes of heterogeneity. Forest plots were used with the standardized mean difference (SMD) and publication bias was assessed using the Egger test with funnel plot construction. For the final review, 43 articles were selected and 34 were meta-analyzed. The pooled mean DMFT for both the permanent dentition (SMD = 0.26; 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and deciduous dentition (SMD = 0.67; 95% CI 0.47-0.87) was higher for the Indigenous population than for the general population. Indigenous populations experienced more decayed teeth (SMD = 0.44; 95% CI 0.25-0.62), a slightly higher number of missing teeth (SMD = 0.11< 95% CI -0.05 to 0.26), and lesser filled teeth (SMD = -0.04; 95% CI -0.20 to 0.13) than their nonindigenous counterparts. The prevalence of dental caries (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI 0.13-0.41) was higher among indigenous people. Globally, indigenous populations have a higher caries prevalence and severity than nonindigenous populations. The factors which have led to such inequities need to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nath
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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YILMAZ B, SOMAY E. Temporomandibular eklem bozukluğu tanısının manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ile doğrulanması. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.687196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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17
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Simangwa LD, Johansson AK, Johansson A, Minja IK, Åstrøm AN. Oral impacts on daily performances and its socio-demographic and clinical distribution: a cross-sectional study of adolescents living in Maasai population areas, Tanzania. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:181. [PMID: 32532339 PMCID: PMC7291660 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a global perspective, oral health among adolescents has improved during recent decades. However, oral problems still persist especially in many underprivileged societies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral impacts in adolescents and to identify important clinical- and socio-demographic covariates. In addition, this study compares Maasai and non-Maasai adolescents regarding any association of socio-demographic and clinical covariates with oral impacts on daily performances. Methods A total of 989 adolescents were invited from 23 randomly selected public primary schools in Monduli and Longido districts, Tanzania. All adolescents attending 6th grade classes were invited to participate. A total of 930 accepted and of those 24 were excluded, leaving 906 (91.6%) participants for the study. Results A total of 143/906 (15.8%) had at-least one oral impact on daily performances (OIDP > 0), 14.6% among the Maasai and 20.5% among the non-Maasai ethnic group. Cluster adjusted logistic regression revealed that: adolescents from Longido district (OR = 0.4) and adolescents with good oral hygiene (OR = 0.7) were less likely to report OIDP> 0 and; non Maasai (OR = 1.6), those with least poor parents (OR = 2.0), DMFT> 0 (OR = 3.1) and those with positive answers to questions regarding TMD pain, 2Q/TMD > 0 (OR = 3.9) were more likely to report OIDP> 0. Stratified logistic regression by ethnicity revealed that, among the non-Maasais, older adolescents (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–12.8), those with DMFT> 0 (OR = 3.3 (1.2–9.0) and 2Q/TMD > 0 (OR = 9.0, 95% CI 3.3–25.0) were more likely to report at least one OIDP. The corresponding figures among the Maasais were (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.5–1.7), (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.4–5.5) and (OR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.7–5.2), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of oral impacts was moderate but higher among the non-Maasai- than Maasai-adolescents attending rural primary schools in the Maasai population areas of Tanzania. This study also confirmed socioeconomic and oral clinical disparities in OIDP, some of which differed according to ethnicity. Caries experience and self-reported TMD pain associated more strongly with OIDP among the non-Maasais than among the Maasais. These results are important for public oral health decision makers who plan strategies for optimal primary oral health care and quality of life among adolescents belonging to minority groups in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutango D Simangwa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ann-Katrin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene K Minja
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anne N Åstrøm
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Miranda-Rius J, Brunet-Llobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Mrina O, Mashala EI, Mahande MJ. Periodontal and dental conditions of a school population in a volcanic region of Tanzania with highly fluoridated community drinking water. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:476-487. [PMID: 33402936 PMCID: PMC7750069 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental fluorosis is endemic in the Rift Valley in Africa, especially around volcanic areas, due to the high fluoride content in daily drinking water. Objective This study evaluates the oral health status and types of occlusion in a school population, and to assess the possible association between dental fluorosis and other pathologies such as decay, gingivitis and periodontitis. Material and methods An observational study of 581 individuals recruited from a public secondary school in Arusha, Northern Tanzania was undertaken. The indices used were: the Silness & Löe Plaque Index, the Community Periodontal Index and the Decayed/Missing/Filled index. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed and a chi-square test was used to assess the associations between independent variables. Results Almost all the school children evaluated (96.73%) presented Angle class I dental occlusion, and 75.22% presented some degree of dental fluorosis. Most of the population (511, 87.95%) showed bleeding on probing. A moderate/high degree of some dental pathology (DMF score) was recorded in 14.46%. The association between dental fluorosis, gingival bleeding and tooth decay indicated a higher concentration of pathology in groups with more severe fluorosis (p<0.05). Conclusion In this large population sample, both tooth decay and gingivitis were significantly associated with moderate or severe dental fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics & Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDECORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics & Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDECORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Lahor-Soler
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics & Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDECORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ombeni Mrina
- Dental & Oral Department, Soweto General Hospital, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Elias I Mashala
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Mount Meru Regional Hospital, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Michael J Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Institute of Public Health. Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMU College), Moshi, United Republic of Tanzania
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Simangwa LD, Åstrøm AN, Johansson A, Minja IK, Johansson AK. Oral diseases and oral health related behaviors in adolescents living in Maasai population areas of Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:275. [PMID: 31391064 PMCID: PMC6685221 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases, such as dental caries, tooth wear, dental erosion and periodontal diseases are major health problems in many societies. The study aim was to explore the association between oral health related behaviors and the presence of oral diseases in adolescents living in Maasai population areas in the northern part of Tanzania. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 2016 using one stage cluster sample design. A total of 989 adolescents were invited and 906 (91.6%; (Maasais n = 721, non Maasais n = 185) accepted the invitation and completed an interview and clinical oral examination in a school setting (mean age 13.4 years, SD 1.2, range 12–17 years). Chi-square test, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to analyze data. Results Logistic regression revealed that: adolescents with low frequency of tooth cleaning (OR = 10.0, CI 4.3–20.0) was associated with poor oral hygiene and that more regular tooth cleaning (OR = 0.1, CI 0.04–0.14) and the use of plastic type of tooth brush (OR = 0.7, CI 0.53–0.99) were associated with less gingival bleeding. High consumption of biscuits (OR = 2.5, CI 1.7–3.8) was associated with presence of dental caries and the use of magadi (OR = 24.2, CI 11.6–50.6) as a food additive was the covariate for more severe dental fluorosis (TF grade 5–9). Regular intake of carbonated soft drinks (OR = 1.6, CI 1.1–2.5) and regular tooth cleaning (OR = 1.7, CI 1.1–2.6) were independently associated with dental erosion. Using teeth as a tool for: biting nails (OR = 1.9, CI 1.4–2.4), opening soda (OR = 1.8, CI 1.4–2.4) and holding needles (OR = 1.6, CI 1.3–2.1) were covariates for tooth wear. Adolescents who reported to clench/grind their teeth (OR = 2.3, CI 1.5–3.7) was the only covariate for TMD. In several of the investigated factors, there were significant differences between the Maasai and non Maasai ethnic groups. Conclusion Oral health related behaviors have a significant impact on oral diseases/conditions among adolescents attending primary schools in Maasai population areas with obvious differences in behavior between the Maasai and non Maasai ethnic groups. There is a need for addressing oral health and to encourage behaviors that promote good oral health and dental care service utilization in this society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutango D Simangwa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anne N Åstrøm
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Irene K Minja
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ann-Katrin Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Cariology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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