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Zhang H, Lin Y, Li S, Bi J, Zeng J, Mo C, Xu S, Jia B, Lu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127788. [PMID: 38833831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health. However, altered physiological states may induce dysbiosis, increasing the risk of pathogen colonization. Studies suggest that oral and gastrointestinal pathogens contribute not only to localized diseases at their respective colonized sites but also to the progression of systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria at these local sites are involved in systemic diseases remain elusive. In response to this gap, the focus has shifted to bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which act as mediators of communication between the microbiota and the host. Numerous studies have reported the targeted delivery of bacterial pathogenic substances from the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs via BEVs. These pathogenic components subsequently elicit specific cellular responses in target organs, thereby mediating the progression of systemic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the extensive microbial communication via the oral-gut axis, summarize the types and biogenesis mechanisms of BEVs, and highlight the translocation pathways of oral and gastrointestinal BEVs in vivo, as well as the impacts of pathogens-derived BEVs on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Farhad SZ, Karbalaeihasanesfahani A, Dadgar E, Nasiri K, Esfahaniani M, Nabi Afjadi M. The role of periodontitis in cancer development, with a focus on oral cancers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:814. [PMID: 39008163 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that begins as gingivitis and can lead to gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss if left untreated. It is primarily caused by bacterial infection, which triggers inflammation and the formation of periodontal pockets. Notably, periodontitis is associated with systemic health issues and has been linked to heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and cancers. Accordingly, the presence of chronic inflammation and immune system dysregulation in individuals with periodontitis significantly contributes to the initiation and progression of various cancers, particularly oral cancers. These processes promote genetic mutations, impair DNA repair mechanisms, and create a tumor-supportive environment. Moreover, the bacteria associated with periodontitis produce harmful byproducts and toxins that directly damage the DNA within oral cells, exacerbating cancer development. In addition, chronic inflammation not only stimulates cell proliferation but also inhibits apoptosis, causes DNA damage, and triggers the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these factors play a crucial role in the progression of cancer in individuals affected by periodontitis. Further, specific viral and bacterial agents, such as hepatitis B and C viruses, human papillomavirus (HPV), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and Porphyromonas gingivalis, contribute to cancer development through distinct mechanisms. Bacterial infections have systemic implications for cancer development, while viral infections provoke immune and inflammatory responses that can lead to genetic mutations. This review will elucidate the link between periodontitis and cancers, particularly oral cancers, exploring their underlying mechanisms to provide insights for future research and treatment advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Zahra Farhad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Isfahan(Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeel Dadgar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Esfahaniani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Ogaya Y, Kadota T, Hamada M, Nomura R, Nakano K. Characterization of the unique oral microbiome of children harboring Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2339158. [PMID: 38617439 PMCID: PMC11011227 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2339158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired in childhood via the oral cavity, although its relationship with the characteristics of the oral microbiome has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed comprehensive analysis of the oral microbiome in children and adults with or without H. pylori in the oral cavity. Methods Bacterial DNA was extracted from 41 adult and 21 child saliva specimens, and H. pylori was detected using PCR. 16S rRNA gene amplification was performed for next-generation sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 (QIIME 2). Results Faith's phylogenetic diversity analysis showed a significant difference between H. pylori-negative adult and child specimens in terms of α-diversity (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed between H. pylori-positive adult and child specimens. There was also a significant difference in β-diversity between H. pylori-positive and negative child specimens (p < 0.05). Taxonomic analysis at the genus level revealed that Porphyromonas was the only bacterium that was significantly more abundant in both H. pylori-positive adults and children than in corresponding negative specimens (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest unique oral microbiome characteristics in children with H. pylori infection in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ogaya
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamami Kadota
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Peng R, Zhang Z, Qu Y, Chen W. The impact of Helicobacter pylori eradication with vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy combined with probiotics on oral microbiota: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1273709. [PMID: 37849923 PMCID: PMC10577438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication have been reported to cause dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. Probiotics are increasingly being used to maintain the balance of the oral microbiota. We aimed to investigate the effects of H. pylori infection, H. pylori eradication with vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy, and probiotics supplementation on the oral microbiota. Methods H. pylori positive patients were randomly assigned to a vonoprazan-amoxicillin regimen plus probiotics (BtT group) or the placebo (PT group) for 14 days. H. pylori negative population served as normal controls. Tongue coating samples were collected from 60 H. pylori positive patients at three time points (before H. pylori eradication, after H. pylori eradication, and at confirmation of H. pylori infection cure) and 20 H. pylori negative subjects. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the oral microbiota. Results H. pylori was detected in the oral cavity in positive (34/60), negative (7/20), and eradicated (1/60) subjects using high-throughput sequencing. Compared with normal controls, H. pylori positive patients exhibited higher richness (p = 0.012) and comparable diversity (p = 0.075) of oral microbiota. Beta diversity and KEGG analysis showed oral flora composition and function differences in H. pylori positive and negative subjects. Alpha diversity dramatically decreased after H. pylori eradication and modestly increased with confirmation of H. pylori eradication. Beta diversity and LEfSe analysis revealed distinct structures, and KEGG analysis showed distinct signaling pathways of tongue coating flora at three time points. There was a significant reduction of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus after H. pylori erdication. The PT group and BtT group had identical compositional and functional differences of oral microbiota at three time points. Conclusion No substantial link existed between oral and stomach H. pylori, while removing gastric H. pylori helped eliminate oral H. pylori. H. pylori infection and vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy affected oral microbiota diversity, structure, and function. H. pylori eradication demonstrated a suppressive impact on the proliferation of oral pathogens, specifically Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Nevertheless, probiotics supplementation did not reduce the oral microbial disturbance caused by H. pylori eradication. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifiers CHICTR2200060023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Yang HJ, Seo SI, Lee J, Huh CW, Kim JS, Park JC, Kim H, Shin H, Shin CM, Park CH, Lee SK. Sample Collection Methods in Upper Gastrointestinal Research. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e255. [PMID: 37582502 PMCID: PMC10427214 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant translational research advances have been made in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) research field. Endoscopic evaluation is a reasonable option for acquiring upper GI tissue for research purposes because it has minimal risk and can be applied to unresectable gastric cancer. The optimal number of biopsy samples and sample storage is crucial and might influence results. Furthermore, the methods for sample acquisition can be applied differently according to the research purpose; however, there have been few reports on methods for sample collection from endoscopic biopsies. In this review, we suggested a protocol for collecting study samples for upper GI research, including microbiome, DNA, RNA, protein, single-cell RNA sequencing, and organoid culture, through a comprehensive literature review. For microbiome analysis, one or two pieces of biopsied material obtained using standard endoscopic forceps may be sufficient. Additionally, 5 mL of gastric fluid and 3-4 mL of saliva is recommended for microbiome analyses. At least one gastric biopsy tissue is necessary for most DNA or RNA analyses, while proteomics analysis may require at least 2-3 biopsy tissues. Single cell-RNA sequencing requires at least 3-5 tissues and additional 1-2 tissues, if possible. For successful organoid culture, multiple sampling is necessary to improve the quality of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Joon Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung In Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Cheal Wung Huh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Joon Sung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Huang M, Chen L, Ma J, Mo J, He L, Liang Q, Peng G, Tan Z. Biological functions of endophytic bacteria in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen '. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128727. [PMID: 37621396 PMCID: PMC10446884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes and their host plants have co-evolved for a very long time. This relationship has led to the general recognition of endophytes as a particular class of microbial resources. R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' is drought- and barren-resistant species that can be grown in both the north and south of China, efficiently addresses the ecological issues caused by China's 'southern eucalyptus and northern poplar. Up to date, cultured-dependent studies are available for the R. pseudoacacia nitrogen-fixing and other endophytes. Therefore, the present research studied the R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen,' microbiome in detail by high-throughput sequencing and culture dependant. Methods This study examined microbial species and functional diversity in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' using culture-dependent (isolation) and culture-independent techniques. Results A total of 210 isolates were isolated from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen.' These isolates were clustered into 16 groups by the In Situ PCR (IS-PCR) fingerprinting patterns. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the representative strain of each group revealed that these groups belonged to 16 species of 8 genera, demonstrating the diversity of endophytes in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen'. 'Bacillus is the most prevalent genus among all the endophytic bacteria. High-throughput sequencing of endophytic bacteria from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' of the plant and the rhizosphere soil bacteria showed that the bacterial populations of soil near the root, leaf, and rhizosphere differed significantly. The microbial abundance decreased in the endophytes as compared to the rhizosphere. We observed a similar community structure of roots and leaves. With and without root nodules, Mesorhizobium sp. was significantly different in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant. Discussion It was predicted that R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant endophytic bacteria would play a significant role in the metabolic process, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Huang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasi Ma
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Mo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Săsăran MO, Bănescu C. Role of salivary miRNAs in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders: a mini-review of available evidence. Front Genet 2023; 14:1228482. [PMID: 37456668 PMCID: PMC10346860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1228482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules, which are involved in the regulation of gene expression and which play an important role in various biological processes, including inflammation and cell cycle regulation. The possibility of detecting their extracellular expression, within body fluids, represented the main background for their potential use as non-invasive biomarkers of various diseases. Salivary miRNAs particularly gained interest recently due to the facile collection of stimulated/unstimulated saliva and their stability among healthy subjects. Furthermore, miRNAs seem to represent biomarker candidates of gastrointestinal disorders, with miRNA-based therapeutics showing great potential in those conditions. This review aimed to highlight available evidence on the role of salivary miRNAs in different gastrointestinal conditions. Most salivary-based miRNA studies available in the literature that focused on pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract have so far been conducted on pancreatic cancer patients and delivered reliable results. A few studies also showed the diagnostic utility of salivary miRNAs in conditions such as esophagitis, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease. Moreover, several authors showed that salivary miRNAs may confidently be used as biomarkers of gastric cancer, but the use of salivary miRNA candidates in gastric inflammation and pre-malignant lesions, essential stages of Correa's cascade, is still put into question. On the other hand, besides miRNAs, other salivary omics have shown biomarker potential in gastro-intestinal conditions. The limited available data suggest that salivary miRNAs may represent reliable biomarker candidates for gastrointestinal conditions. However, their diagnostic potential requires validation through future research, performed on larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oana Săsăran
- Department of Pediatrics 3, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Claudia Bănescu
- Genetics Department, Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Targu Mures, Romania
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Tawfik SA, Azab M, Ramadan M, Shabayek S, Abdellah A, Al Thagfan SS, Salah M. The Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Was Significantly Associated with Compositional Patterns of Orointestinal Axis Microbiota. Pathogens 2023; 12:832. [PMID: 37375522 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is significantly linked to various diseases that seriously impact human health, such as gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS The compositional shifts in bacterial communities of the orointestinal axis were surveyed pre/post-eradication of H. pylori. In total, 60 samples, including stool and salivary specimens, were collected from 15 H. pylori-positive individuals (HPP) before beginning and 2 months after receiving the eradication therapy. The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using MiSeq. RESULTS Overall, oral microbiomes were collectively more diverse than the gut microbiomes (Kruskal-Wallis; p = 3.69 × 10-5). Notably, the eradication of H. pylori was associated with a significant reduction in the bacterial diversity along the orointestinal axis (Wilcoxon rank sum test; p = 6.38 × 10-3). Interestingly, the oral microbiome of HPP showed a positive correlation between Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, in addition to a significant predominance of Streptococcus, in addition to Eubacterium_eligens, Haemophilus, Ruminococcaceae, Actinomyces and Staphylococcus. On the other hand, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Catenibacterium, Neisseria and Prevotella were significantly enriched upon eradication of H. pylori. Generally, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria positively coexisted during H. pylori infection along the orointestinal axis (r = 0.67; p = 0.0006). The eradication of H. pylori was positively linked to two distinctive orotypes (O3 and O4). Orotype O4 was characterized by a robust abundance of Veillonella and Fusobacteria. The gut microbiomes during H. pylori infection showed a remarkable predominance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Escherichia_Shigella. Likewise, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium were significantly enriched upon eradication of H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS Finally, the impact of eradication therapy clearly existed on the representation of certain genera, especially in the oral microbiome, which requires particular concern in order to counteract and limit their subsequent threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Ali Tawfik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Marwa Azab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Sarah Shabayek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ali Abdellah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sultan S Al Thagfan
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munaearah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
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Zhang W, Qi T, Yao L, Wang W, Yu F, Yan Y, Salama ES, Su S, Bai M. Influence of Environmental Factors on Salivary Microbiota and Their Metabolic Pathway: Next-Generation Sequencing Approach. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:317-329. [PMID: 35018483 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of periodontitis and long-term heavy metal (HM) exposure on the salivary microbiome. The patients were divided into four groups as Wu Wei control (WWC) group involved healthy individuals, Wu Wei periodontitis (WWP) patients having periodontitis, Jing Chang with metal pollution periodontally healthy individuals (JCP), and Kuang periodontitis (KP). The most abundant bacteria identified at the phylum level in the WWC group were Bacteroides, Firmicutes, and Fusobacteria. Firmicutes were observed in a significantly higher proportion in the KP group than in the WWC, WWP, and JCP. At the genus level, the WWC has major dominating bacterial genera (such as Leptotrichia, Neisseria, and Fusobacterium) which were similar to WWP and KP group. The significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in alpha diversity while in beta diversity, the significant (p = 0.005) results were found among the four groups. The correlation of oral microbiota revealed that HMs present in the soil (Cr, Ni, and Cu) are associated with the growth of Capnocytophaga, Selenomonas, Aggregatibacter, and Campylobacter. The bacterial functions in the KP group were higher in translation and nucleotide metabolism than in the WWP group. This demonstrated that long-term exposure to HMs can influence the salivary microbiota which can alter the functioning, and diversity of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Healthy Dental Clinic, Healthy Examination & Management Center of Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Qi
- Department of Stomatology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihe Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fanrong Yu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Yan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Su
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, LanzhouGansu, 730000, China.
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Liu W, Lu G, Wang Y, Chen Z, Gao Y, Yin Z, Wu Y, Lv X, Guo P, Zhao Y. A novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick method for Helicobacter pylori detection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1094600. [PMID: 37032891 PMCID: PMC10076779 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and reduce the risk of gastric cancer, a sensitive, specific, convenient, and simple detection method is needed. This study aimed to establish a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification-lateral flow dipstick (LAMP-LFD) method for H. pylori detection. Methods LAMP primer design software was used to design primers for the conserved sites of the H. pylori ureB gene. UreB-FIP-labeled biotin was used for LAMP amplification, and FAM-labeled probes were specifically hybridized with LAMP amplification products, which were then detected by LFD. In addition, a clinical study was conducted to assess LAMP-LFD in 20 fecal samples. Results The results of the optimization indicated that H. pylori could be specifically detected by LFD without cross-reaction with other non-H. pylori bacteria when the LAMP was performed at 65°C for 60 min. The lower limit of the detection method was 102 copies/μL, which was 100 times the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). H. pylori-positive fecal samples were detected by LAMP-LFD in 13/20 patients. Discussion In conclusion, a new LAMP-LFD assay has been fully established and confirmed for H. pylori detection. The entire process can be completed in approximately 1.5 h, with the advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, and simple operation. This study provides a novel potential method for the detection of H. pylori in the clinical settings of primary hospitals and low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunyun Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhipeng Yin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Pengbo Guo
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Yinghui Zhao
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11
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He C, Xie Y, Zhu Y, Zhuang K, Huo L, Yu Y, Guo Q, Shu X, Xiong Z, Zhang Z, Lyu B, Lu N. Probiotics modulate gastrointestinal microbiota after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033063. [PMID: 36426355 PMCID: PMC9679295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has been reported to cause short-term disruption of gut microbiota. It is acknowledged that probiotics supplementation mitigates side effects induced by H. pylori eradication, yet its role on alleviating dysbiosis of microbiota is obscure. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of probiotics on gastrointestinal microbiota after eradication therapy. METHODS This was a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial done at seven centers in China. A total of 276 treatment-naïve H. pylori-positive patients were randomly assigned to receive 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole, bismuth, amoxicillin, furazolidone) combined with probiotics (Bifidobacterium Tetragenous viable Bacteria Tablets) (n=140) or placebo (n=136) for 28 days. Saliva, gastric mucosa and fecal samples were collected before and after therapy for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was lower in probiotics group compared to placebo group (23.6% vs 37.7%, p=0.016), while there was no significant difference in eradication rate. We found dramatic perturbations of gut microbiota immediately following eradication, with the predominance of Proteobacteria in replacement of commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and gradually restored after two weeks. The reduction of gut Bacteroidetes caused by eradication drugs was neutralized with probiotics supplementation. The gastric microbiota was completely reconstituted with H. pylori depleted and other taxa flourished. Of note, patients treated with probiotics showed smaller fluctuations of gastric microbiota compared to those with placebo. We also observed changes of saliva microbiota after H. pylori eradication, illustrated by the overgrowth of Neisseria and depletion of Streptococcus. The expansion of some pathogenic genera, including Porphyromonas, Leptotrichia, in the mouth was suppressed by probiotics. CONCLUSION This study not only demonstrated the beneficial effect of probiotics implementation on side events during H. pylori eradication but also provided a comprehensive profile of microbiome alterations along gastrointestinal tract that modulated by probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijuan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
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12
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Zhang L, Chen X, Ren B, Zhou X, Cheng L. Helicobacter pylori in the Oral Cavity: Current Evidence and Potential Survival Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113646. [PMID: 36362445 PMCID: PMC9657019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is transmitted primarily through the oral–oral route and fecal–oral route. The oral cavity had therefore been hypothesized as an extragastric reservoir of H. pylori, owing to the presence of H. pylori DNA and particular antigens in distinct niches of the oral cavity. This bacterium in the oral cavity may contribute to the progression of periodontitis and is associated with a variety of oral diseases, gastric eradication failure, and reinfection. However, the conditions in the oral cavity do not appear to be ideal for H. pylori survival, and little is known about its biological function in the oral cavity. It is critical to clarify the survival strategies of H. pylori to better comprehend the role and function of this bacterium in the oral cavity. In this review, we attempt to analyze the evidence indicating the existence of living oral H. pylori, as well as potential survival strategies, including the formation of a favorable microenvironment, the interaction between H. pylori and oral microorganisms, and the transition to a non-growing state. Further research on oral H. pylori is necessary to develop improved therapies for the prevention and treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence:
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13
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Hu Y, Xu X, Ouyang YB, He C, Li NS, Xie C, Peng C, Zhu ZH, Xie Y, Shu X, Lu NH, Zhu Y. Analysis of oral microbiota alterations induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and vonoprazan-amoxicillin dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12923. [PMID: 36036087 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral cavity is considered a potential reservoir of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and the imbalance of oral microbiota directly reflects the health of the host. We aimed to explore the relationship among oral microbiota, H. pylori infection, and vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy for H. pylori eradication. METHODS Helicobacter pylori-positive patients were randomized into low- or high-dose VA dual therapy (i.e., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. or t.i.d. and vonoprazan 20 mg b.i.d) for 7 or 10 days. H. pylori-negative patients served as normal controls. Saliva samples were collected from 41 H. pylori-positive patients and 13 H. pylori-negative patients. The oral microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori-positive patients had higher richness and diversity and better evenness of oral microbiota than normal controls. Beta diversity analysis estimated by Bray-Curtis or weighted UniFrac showed distinct clustering between H. pylori-positive patients and normal controls. The number of bacterial interactions was reduced in H. pylori-positive patients compared with that in negative patients. Forty-one patients evaluated before and after successful H. pylori eradication were divided into low (L-VA) and high dose (H-VA) amoxicillin dose groups. The alpha and beta diversity of the oral microbiota between L-VA and H-VA patients exhibited no differences at the three time points (before eradication, after eradication, and at confirmation of H. pylori infection cure). CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori infection could alter the diversity, composition, and bacterial interactions of the oral microbiota. Both L-VA and H-VA dual therapy showed minimal influence on the oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao-Bin Ouyang
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong He
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JiangXi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, China
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14
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Chen X, Wang N, Wang J, Liao B, Cheng L, Ren B. The interactions between oral-gut axis microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914418. [PMID: 35992177 PMCID: PMC9381925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, each microbial habitat exhibits a different microbial population pattern, and these distinctive microflorae are highly related to the development of diseases. The microbial interactions from host different niches are becoming crucial regulators to shape the microbiota and their physiological or pathological functions. The oral cavity and gut are the most complex and interdependent microbial habitats. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogens from digestive tract, especially the stomach, due to its direct relationships with many gastric diseases including gastric cancer. H. pylori infections can destroy the normal gastric environment and make the stomach a livable channel to enhance the microbial interactions between oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. H. pylori can be also detected in the oral and gut, while the interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a major role in H. pylori’s colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. Both the infection and eradication of H. pylori and its interaction with oral-gut axis microbiota can alter the balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis, which can affect the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori maybe potential targets for H. pylori infectious diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
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15
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Perez Rosero E, Heron S, Jovel J, O'Neil CR, Turvey SL, Parashar P, Elahi S. Differential Signature of the Microbiome and Neutrophils in the Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780910. [PMID: 34858437 PMCID: PMC8630784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with a wide range of changes in microbial communities and immune cell components of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral microbiome in relationship to oral neutrophils in HIV-infected compared to healthy individuals. We evaluated oral washes and saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals (n=52) and healthy controls (n=43). Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, we found differential β-diversity using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with Bray-Curtis distances. The α-diversity analysis by Faith’s, Shannon, and observed OTUs indexes indicated that the saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals harbored significantly richer bacterial communities compared to the saliva samples from healthy individuals. Notably, we observed that five species of Spirochaeta including Spirochaetaceae, Spirochaeta, Treponema, Treponema amylovorum, and Treponema azotonutricum were significantly abundant. In contrast, Helicobacter species were significantly reduced in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Moreover, we found a significant reduction in the frequency of oral neutrophils in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals, which was positively related to their CD4+ T cell count. In particular, we noted a significant decline in CD44 expressing neutrophils and the intensity of CD44 expression on oral neutrophils of HIV-infected individuals. This observation was supported by the elevation of soluble CD44 in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Overall, the core oral microbiome was distinguishable between HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy compared to the HIV-negative group. The observed reduction in oral neutrophils might likely be related to the low surface expression of CD44, resulting in a higher bacterial diversity and richness in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Heron
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Conar R O'Neil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon Lee Turvey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pallavi Parashar
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Yuan Z, Xiao S, Li S, Suo B, Wang Y, Meng L, Liu Z, Yin Z, Xue Y, Zhou L. The impact of Helicobacter pylori infection, eradication therapy, and probiotics intervention on gastric microbiota in young adults. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12848. [PMID: 34448282 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of probiotics on non-Helicobacter pylori gastric microbiota and its role in microbial restoration after eradication were relatively unknown. We aimed to explore the effect of H. pylori eradication and probiotic intervention on gastric microbiota in young adults. METHODS Fifty-six H. pylori-negative and 95 H. pylori-positive subjects aged 19-30 were included in this study. H. pylori-infected individuals were randomly assigned to quadruple therapy, probiotics supplemented quadruple therapy, or probiotics monotherapy group. Gastric mucosa and gastric juice samples were collected before and 2 months after treatment for 16SrRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The gastric microbial community structure and composition differed from H. pylori-negative subjects 2 months after successful H. pylori eradication. The α diversity of gastric mucosal microbiota significantly increased and was higher than H. pylori-negative subjects, while the α diversity of gastric juice microbiota decreased and was lower than the H. pylori-negative. After probiotics supplemented eradication treatment, Bifidobacterium was enriched in gastric mucosa, Lactobacillus was enriched in gastric juice, potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Fusobacterium and Campylobacter decreased, and the microbial diversity was closer to that of H. pylori-negative subjects compared to quadruple therapy group. Probiotics monotherapy significantly altered the diversity, community structure, and composition of gastric microbiota but showed no advantage in H. pylori inhibition and upregulating beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and related metabolism pathways. Certain potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Fusobacterium increased after probiotic monotherapy. CONCLUSION H. pylori eradication significantly disrupted gastric microbiota in young adults and could not be restored in a short time. Probiotics supplementation partially helped restore the gastric dysbiosis caused by eradication therapy, but it might be unnecessary for H. pylori-infected young adults to take probiotics alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sizhu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Baojun Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingmei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zuojing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Lapidot Y, Reshef L, Cohen D, Muhsen K. Helicobacter pylori and the intestinal microbiome among healthy school-age children. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12854. [PMID: 34617641 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is acquired during childhood and causes chronic gastritis that remains asymptomatic in most infected people. H. pylori alters the gastric microbiota and causes peptic ulcer disease. Evidence on the relationship between asymptomatic H. pylori infection and children's gut microbiota remains elusive. AIM We characterized the relationship between H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiome of healthy children, adjusting for known inter-personal and environmental exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included stool samples obtained from 163 Israeli Arab children aged 6-9 years from different socioeconomic strata. Sociodemographic information was collected through maternal interviews. H. pylori infection was determined using monoclonal antigen detection stool enzyme immunoassay. The gut microbiome was characterized by implementing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region and a multivariate downstream analysis. RESULTS Overall, 57% of the participants were positive for H. pylori infection and it was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status. There was no significant association between H. pylori infection and bacterial richness of fecal microbiome. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with intestinal bacterial composition, including a strong association with Prevotella copri and Eubacterium biforme. Moreover, socioeconomic status was strongly associated with bacterial composition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection in healthy children was significantly associated with altered intestinal microbiome structure. Socioeconomic determinants exhibit a strong effect, related to both H. pylori infection and intestinal diversity and composition in childhood. These findings are clinically important to the understanding of the role of H. pylori infection and other intestinal microbes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lapidot
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Hong L, Chen Y, Ye L. Characteristics of the lung microbiota in lower respiratory tract infections with and without history of pneumonia. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10480-10490. [PMID: 34719313 PMCID: PMC8809942 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung microbiota plays an important role in many diseases including lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and pneumonia. This study aimed to explore the effects of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on microbial diversity and identify potential biomarkers of respiratory tract in CAP LRTI patients. In the current study, a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed based on metagenomic next generation sequencing technology, followed by alpha and beta diversity, LEfSe, and co-occurrence network analysis, and random forest model construction. Our results showed that CAP dramatically influenced taxon abundance, and the significant differences in microbiota including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes and Spirochaetes were observed at the phylum level. Co-occurrence network selected out novel modules involved in microbial proliferation-associated pathways. A random forest model screened Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus as potential diagnostic biomarkers with high AUC values. The microbial composition was different between CAP LRTI patients and non-CAP LRTI patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were strongly associated with increased severity of LRTI with a pneumonia history. Our findings provided an insight for a better understanding of community and structure of lung microbiota for future diagnosis and treatment in LRTI patients with a history of pneumonia. Moreover, these microbes were considered as potential biomarkers for predicting the risks for the treatment strategies of LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Hong
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, 101 Min'an Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, 101 Min'an Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, the Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, 101 Min'an Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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19
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Liang T, Liu F, Liu L, Zhang Z, Dong W, Bai S, Ma L, Kang L. Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Oral Microbiota of Reflux Esophagitis Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:732613. [PMID: 34604113 PMCID: PMC8482873 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.732613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and reflux esophagitis, we collected 86 saliva samples from reflux esophagitis patients (RE group) and 106 saliva samples from healthy people (C group) for a high-throughput sequencing comparison. No difference in alpha diversity was detected between the RE and the C groups, but beta diversity of the RE group was higher than the C group. Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the RE group, whereas Firmicutes was more abundant in the C group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated that the biomarkers of the RE group were Prevotella, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Actinomyces, and the biomarkers of the C group were Lautropia, Gemella, Rothia, and Streptococcus. The oral microbial network structure of the C group was more complex than that of the RE group. Second, to explore the effect of Hp on the oral microbiota of RE patients, we performed the 14C-urea breath test on 45 of the 86 RE patients. We compared the oral microbiota of 33 Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpp group) and 12 non-Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpn group). No difference in alpha diversity was observed between the REHpn and REHpp groups, and beta diversity of the REHpp group was significantly lower than that of the REHpn group. The biomarkers in the REHpp group were Veillonella, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Campylobacter; and the biomarker in the REHpn group was Stomatobaculum. Megasphaera was positively correlated with Veillonella in the microbial network of the REHpp group. The main finding of this study is that RE disturbs the human oral microbiota, such as increased beta diversity. Hp infection may inhibit this disorderly trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenxue Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Su Bai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
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Gong L, El-Omar EM. Application of molecular techniques in Helicobacter pylori detection: limitations and improvements. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12841. [PMID: 34333819 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Serrano C, Harris PR, Smith PD, Bimczok D. Interactions between H. pylori and the Gastric Microbiome: Impact on Gastric Homeostasis and Disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 21:57-64. [PMID: 34113748 PMCID: PMC8186273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Like many seemingly inhospitable environments on our planet, the highly acidic human stomach harbors a diverse bacterial microflora. The best-known member of the human gastric flora, Helicobacter pylori, causes a number of gastric diseases, including peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. In the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the gastric microbiota displays some features similar to the oral cavity with Firmicutes the most common phylum, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. When present, H. pylori dominates the gastric microbiome and reduces diversity and composition of other taxa. The composition of the gastric microbiome also is altered in the setting of proton pump inhibitor therapy and gastric neoplasia. This review summarizes foundational and recent studies that have investigated the composition of the human gastric microbiome in a variety of patient groups, with a focus on potential mechanisms involved in regulation of gastric microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul R. Harris
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Phillip D. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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