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Hurkat A, Krishna VK, Krishnan M. Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Needed for the Extraction of Premolars for Orthodontic Purposes? Cureus 2024; 16:e57387. [PMID: 38694629 PMCID: PMC11061823 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotic prophylaxis for tooth extractions is a common practice in dentistry to prevent postoperative infections. However, the routine use of antibiotics has been questioned due to concerns about bacterial resistance and potential side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of postoperative antibiotics in patients undergoing orthodontic tooth extraction. Materials and methods This prospective study involved 100 patients requiring orthodontic tooth extraction, divided into two groups. The patients were recruited from Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India, after obtaining approval from the Institutional Human Ethics Committee, Saveetha Dental College (approval number: IHEC/SDC/OMFS-2103/23/293). Group 1 (n = 50) received antibiotics (amoxicillin 500 mg, three times a day for three days) after extraction, while Group 2 (n = 50) did not receive antibiotics. Postoperative infection was assessed on postoperative days (POD) 3 and 7. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (released 2019, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, and differences between groups were assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The incidence of postoperative infection was recorded in both groups. In group 1 at POD 3 and POD 7, there were two patients and one patient with infection, respectively. In group 2 at POD 3 and POD 7, there were four patients and two patients with infection, respectively. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that the routine administration of antibiotics for the non-traumatic extraction of teeth in healthy patients might not be necessary. The absence of postoperative infections in patients who did not receive antibiotics indicates that antibiotics may be avoidable in many cases of orthodontic tooth extraction. These results emphasize the importance of reconsidering the widespread use of antibiotics to combat the growing concern of bacterial resistance. Antibiotics should be prescribed judiciously, only for patients with specific medical conditions who are prone to infection. One of the limitations of this study is the limited sample size; hence, studies with larger and heterogeneous groups should be done to validate the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Hurkat
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Vinod K Krishna
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Murugesan Krishnan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Lundtorp Olsen C, Massarenti L, Vendius VFD, Gürsoy UK, Van Splunter A, Bikker FJ, Gürsoy M, Damgaard C, Markvart M, Belstrøm D. Probiotics Partly Suppress the Impact of Sugar Stress on the Oral Microbiota-A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4810. [PMID: 38004205 PMCID: PMC10675525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to test if probiotics counteract oral dysbiosis during 14 days of sugar stress and subsequently help restore oral homeostasis. Eighty healthy individuals received either probiotics (n = 40) or placebo lozenges (n = 40) for 28 days and rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution 6-8 times during the initial 14 days of the trial. Saliva and supragingival samples were collected at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Saliva samples were analyzed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, albumin, and salivary enzyme activity. The supragingival microbiota was characterized according to the Human Oral Microbiome Database. After 14 days of sugar stress, the relative abundance of Porphyromonas species was significantly higher (p = 0.03) and remained significantly elevated at day 28 in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.004). At day 28, the relative abundance of Kingella species was significantly higher in the probiotic group (p = 0.03). Streptococcus gordinii and Neisseria elongata were associated with the probiotic group on day 28, while Streptococcus sobrinus was associated with the placebo group on day 14 and day 28. On day 28, the salivary albumin level was significantly lower in the probiotic group. The present study demonstrates a potential stabilizing effect on the supragingival microbiota mediated by consumption of probiotics during short-term sugar stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lundtorp Olsen
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
- ADM Denmark A/S, 3390 Hundested, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Annina Van Splunter
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.S.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.V.S.); (F.J.B.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (U.K.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.M.); (C.D.)
| | - Merete Markvart
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.F.D.V.); (M.M.); (D.B.)
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Di Spirito F, Amato A, Di Palo MP, Cannatà D, Giordano F, D’Ambrosio F, Martina S. Periodontal Management in Periodontally Healthy Orthodontic Patients with Fixed Appliances: An Umbrella Review of Self-Care Instructions and Evidence-Based Recommendations. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36826180 PMCID: PMC9954872 DOI: 10.3390/dj11020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present umbrella review aimed to characterize periodontal self-care instructions, prescriptions, and motivational methods; evaluate the associated periodontal outcomes; and provide integrated, evidence-based recommendations for periodontal self-care in periodontally healthy orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. The presently applied study protocol was developed in advance, compliant with the PRISMA statement, and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022367204). Systematic reviews published in English without date restrictions were electronically searched until 21 November 2022 across the PROSPERO Register and Cochrane Library, Web of Science (Core Collection), Scopus, and MED-LINE/PubMed databases. The study quality assessment was conducted through the AMSTAR 2 tool. Seventeen systematic reviews were included. Powered and manual toothbrushes showed no significant differences in biofilm accumulation, although some evidence revealed significant improvements in inflammatory, bleeding, and periodontal pocket depth values in the short term with powered toothbrushes. Chlorhexidine mouthwashes, but no gels, varnishes, or pastes, controlled better biofilm accumulation and gingival inflammation as adjuncts to toothbrushing, although only for a limited period. Organic products, such as aloe vera and chamomile, proved their antimicrobial properties, and herbal-based mouthwashes seemed comparable to CHX without its side effects. Motivational methods also showed beneficial effects on periodontal biofilm control and inflammation, while no evidence supported probiotics administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Di Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Davide Cannatà
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Martina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
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Amato M, Di Spirito F, D’Ambrosio F, Boccia G, Moccia G, De Caro F. Probiotics in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Management: Biofilm Control, Dysbiosis Reversal, and Host Modulation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2289. [PMID: 36422359 PMCID: PMC9694231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are microbially associated diseases of the tissues supporting the teeth and dental implants that are mediated by host inflammation and eventually lead to tooth and dental implant loss. Given the probiotics' role in biofilm control, dysbiosis reversal, and host modulation, their potential beneficial effects on the improvement of periodontitis and peri-implantitis have been recently investigated. Moreover, probiotics use has also been proposed in periodontal health management in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Therefore, the present study aimed to review, considering the periodontal microbiome composition around teeth and dental implants in healthy and pathological conditions, the putative favorable effects of probiotics on gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis. The secondary aim of the present narrative review was to synthesize the supporting evidence and proposed protocols for probiotics use as adjuncts in periodontitis and peri-implantitis treatment and the periodontal health management of orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Contrasting findings from the literature may be due to the different methods, posology, and duration of probiotics prescriptions and due to the heterogeneous biological and clinical measurement methods employed. Thus, no definitive conclusions could be drawn about the effectiveness of probiotics in periodontal management, both in healthy and pathological conditions. Further studies are needed to validate probiotics for periodontal management and provide recommended protocols.
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Chen LR, Lai CL, Chen JP, Kao CT. The Effect of Probiotics Use on Salivary Cariogenic Bacteria in Orthodontic Patients with Various Caries Risk Status. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153196. [PMID: 35956372 PMCID: PMC9370778 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in intraoral cariogenic bacteria density after probiotic use in patients with orthodontic treatment, and to compare the impact of probiotics in patients with various caries risk status. Methods: Patients that planned to receive orthodontic treatment were recruited according to this study’s inclusion/exclusion criteria. A probiotic prescription (Lactobacteria 3 mg, Glycobacteria 2 mg) was started one month after the initial orthodontic treatment. Saliva sampling and cultures using a CRT kit (caries risk test) were performed at three time points (T0, T1, T2). Mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli (LB) density were evaluated and scored using the interpretation chart in the CRT kit to evaluate the change in bacteria density at three time points, to define the high and low caries risk prior to orthodontic treatment, and to evaluate if there were differences in probiotics between the high and low caries risk groups. Results: Thirty-three orthodontic patients were enrolled, twenty-two classified as high caries risk and eleven as low caries risk. After undergoing treatment for one month, the densities of MS and LB increased significantly (p = 0.011, p = 0.001); probiotics for one month decreased the density of MS and LB, but the differences were statistically nonsignificant (p = 0.109, p = 0.109). Patients classified as low risk of caries demonstrated an increase in MS and LB density one month after orthodontic treatment (p = 0.024, p = 0.001), probiotic use did not result in a significant reduction in bacteria density (p = 1000, p = 0.933). In patients with high caries risk, there were no statistically significant changes in MS count between the three time points (p = 0.127); a significant change in LB density occurred at T0–T1 (p = 0.011) only. Conclusions: Supplemental use of probiotic oral tablets during orthodontic treatment aimed at reducing cariogenic bacteria count in saliva did not achieve significant differences, regardless of patients’ risk status for caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ru Chen
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Orthodontic Department, Chung Shan Hospital, School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Lai
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Department of Stomatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Peng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 420, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tze Kao
- Orthodontic Department, Chung Shan Hospital, School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24718668 (ext. 55011)
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Ebrahim F, Malek S, James K, MacDonald K, Cadieux P, Burton J, Cioffi I, Lévesque C, Gong SG. Effectiveness of the Lorodent Probiotic Lozenge in Reducing Plaque and Streptococcus mutans Levels in Orthodontic Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:884683. [PMID: 35571981 PMCID: PMC9093136 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.884683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic patients are at a significant risk for oral diseases due to increased plaque accumulation and oral bacterial dysbiosis. We aimed to determine the efficacy of the commercially available Lorodent Probiotic Complex at reducing plaque accumulation and Streptococcus mutans bacterial levels in adolescent orthodontic patients. Sixty adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for a minimum of 6 months were recruited in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. They received either Lorodent probiotic lozenge (intervention, n = 30) or placebo lozenge (control, n = 30) orally every day for a 28-day administration period. Participants were assessed at four appointments (T1–T4) over a total of 56 days. Compliance and lozenge satisfaction were monitored. Saliva samples and supragingival plaques were collected for evaluation of S. mutans levels. Clinical assessment using a Plaque Index (PI) was used. Compliance with lozenge intake of all participants was over 90%. There was no significant change in the PI and composite PI scores in both placebo and probiotic groups at each time frame (all p > 0.05) or the relative S. mutans DNA levels in the saliva and plaque between the probiotic and placebo groups. The findings of high compliance and satisfaction with the probiotic lozenges combined with the study's rigorous design offer a baseline for subsequent testing of further potential probiotics (of varying formulations, concentrations), especially in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ebrahim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Malek
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kris James
- Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle MacDonald
- Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Cadieux
- Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Burton
- Departments of Surgery, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Iacopo Cioffi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celine Lévesque
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siew-Ging Gong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Siew-Ging Gong
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Seidel CL, Gerlach RG, Weider M, Wölfel T, Schwarz V, Ströbel A, Schmetzer H, Bogdan C, Gölz L. Influence of probiotics on the periodontium, the oral microbiota and the immune response during orthodontic treatment in adolescent and adult patients (ProMB Trial): study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:148. [PMID: 35477563 PMCID: PMC9044659 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is often necessary to correct malocclusions in adolescence or adulthood. However, oral hygiene is complicated by appliances, and prior studies indicate that they may trigger oral inflammation and dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, especially during the first 3 months after insertion, and, thus, may present a risk for inflammatory oral diseases. In recent periodontal therapeutic studies, probiotics have been applied to improve clinical parameters and reduce local inflammation. However, limited knowledge exists concerning the effects of probiotics in orthodontics. Therefore, the aim of our study is to evaluate the impact of probiotics during orthodontic treatment. METHODS This study is a monocentric, randomized, double blind, controlled clinical study to investigate the effectiveness of daily adjuvant use of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Prodentis®-lozenges, DSM 17938, ATCC PTA 5289) versus control lozenges during the first three months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Following power analysis, a total of 34 adolescent patients (age 12-17) and 34 adult patients (18 years and older) undergoing orthodontic treatment at the University Hospital Erlangen will be assigned into 2 parallel groups using a randomization plan for each age group. The primary outcome measure is the change of the gingival index after 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the probing pocket depth, the modified plaque index, the composition of the oral microbiota, the local cytokine expression and-only for adults-serum cytokine levels and the frequencies of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system in peripheral blood. DISCUSSION Preventive strategies in everyday orthodontic practice include oral hygiene instructions and regular dental cleaning. Innovative methods, like adjuvant use of oral probiotics, are missing. The aim of this study is to analyse, whether probiotics can improve clinical parameters, reduce inflammation and prevent dysbiosis of the oral microbiota during orthodontic treatment. If successful, this study will provide the basis for a new strategy of prophylaxis of oral dysbiosis-related diseases during treatment with fixed appliances. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in two parts under the number NCT04598633 (Adolescents, registration date 10/22/2020), and NCT04606186 (Adults, registration date 10/28/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna L Seidel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Roman G Gerlach
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Wölfel
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vincent Schwarz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin Ströbel
- Center for Clinical Studies (CCS), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Med III, University Hospital of Munich, Workgroup: Immune Modulation, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lina Gölz
- Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopedics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Widyarman AS, Udawatte NS, Roeslan MO, Rizal MI, Richi M, Kusnoto J, Seneviratne CJ. Short- term effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri consumption on the salivary microbiome profile of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2067103. [PMID: 35497502 PMCID: PMC9045755 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2067103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This prospective clinical study aim was to analyze the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Prodentis lozenges on salivary microbiome of subjects wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods Saliva samples were collected prior to consumption and 14th-day post probiotic lozenges consumption (n=40, age 18-23). Oral hygiene index-score (OHI-S) and papilla bleeding index (PBI) were recorded. The salivary microbiome was profiled by next-generation sequencing using the V3-V4 region of 16S-rRNA. Microbial composition, diversity and taxonomic biomarkers were analysed in comparison to probiotic intervention and the clinical characteristics of the cohort using standard bioinformatics tools. Results The diversity and bacterial community structures did not change significantly in salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy subjects during short-term probiotic intervention. Probiotic consumption correlated with reduction of OHI and PBI scores (50% reduction of scores, P<0.001). The reduction of clinical indices was evident in conjunction with significantly reduced abundance of oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas pasteri, Treponema sp., Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Kingella oralis and Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusion Short-term probiotic intervention helped maintaining good oral health in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Although overall oral microbiome structure remained largely unchanged, a significant alteration in the abundance of health and disease-associated species highlighted the beneficial effect of probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nadeeka S. Udawatte
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Muhammad Ihsan Rizal
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mario Richi
- MiCORE Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Joko Kusnoto
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative, National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Agossa K, Dubar M, Lemaire G, Blaizot A, Catteau C, Bocquet E, Nawrocki L, Boyer E, Meuric V, Siepmann F. Effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on Gingival Inflammation and Composition of the Oral Microbiota in Patients Undergoing Treatment with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial. Pathogens 2022; 11:112. [PMID: 35215057 PMCID: PMC8878988 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of probiotics in improving or maintaining oral health in orthodontic patients is understudied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of probiotic administration in addition to tooth brushing on clinical gingival inflammation, plaque formation, subgingival microbiota composition, and salivary biomarkers of inflammation in adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances. The present study is a 6-month, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled, single-center trial, in which 116 adolescent volunteers aged 12-16 years will be recruited from the patients of the orthodontics clinic of the University Hospital of Lille, France. Subjects who meet the eligibility criteria will be allocated to one of the following groups: (i) control: two placebo lozenges per day for 90 days together with regular oral hygiene, (ii) test: two probiotic lozenges per day for 90 days together with regular oral hygiene. Clinical assessment and biological sample collection will be performed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. In addition, compliance outcomes and adverse events will be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevimy Agossa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008—Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France;
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Lille, Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Marie Dubar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Lille, Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (G.L.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Grégoire Lemaire
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Lille, Place de Verdun, F-59000 Lille, France; (M.D.); (G.L.)
| | - Alessandra Blaizot
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Céline Catteau
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Emmanuël Bocquet
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59037 Lille, France;
| | - Laurent Nawrocki
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, F-59037 Lille, France;
| | - Emile Boyer
- INSERM, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Teaching Hospital Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Meuric
- INSERM, INRAE, Université de Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, F-35000 Rennes, France; (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Teaching Hospital Pontchaillou, 2 rue Henri le Guilloux, F-35033 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008—Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France;
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10
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Chanachai S, Chaichana W, Insee K, Benjakul S, Aupaphong V, Panpisut P. Physical/Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Orthodontic Adhesives Containing Calcium Phosphate and Nisin. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12040073. [PMID: 34940552 PMCID: PMC8706961 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel demineralization around orthodontic adhesive is a common esthetic concern during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to prepare orthodontic adhesives containing monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and nisin to enable mineralizing and antibacterial actions. The physicomechanical properties and the inhibition of S. mutans growth of the adhesives with added MCPM (5, 10 wt %) and nisin (5, 10 wt %) were examined. Transbond XT (Trans) was used as the commercial comparison. The adhesive containing a low level of MCPM showed significantly higher monomer conversion (42–62%) than Trans (38%) (p < 0.05). Materials with additives showed lower monomer conversion (p < 0.05), biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.05), and shear bond strength to enamel than those of a control. Additives increased water sorption and solubility of the experimental materials. The addition of MCPM encouraged Ca and P ion release, and the precipitation of calcium phosphate at the bonding interface. The growth of S. mutans in all the groups was comparable (p > 0.05). In conclusion, experimental orthodontic adhesives with additives showed comparable conversion but lesser mechanical properties than the commercial material. The materials showed no antibacterial action, but exhibited ion release and calcium phosphate precipitation. These properties may promote remineralization of the demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachai Chanachai
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.C.); (K.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Wirinrat Chaichana
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.C.); (K.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Kanlaya Insee
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.C.); (K.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Sutiwa Benjakul
- Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.C.); (W.C.); (K.I.); (S.B.)
| | - Visakha Aupaphong
- Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Piyaphong Panpisut
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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11
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Duffles LF, Menino AP, Taira TM, de Oliveira S, Salvador SL, Messora MR, Vinolo MAR, Fukada SY. Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis consumption slows down orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105324. [PMID: 34861464 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in appropriate amount, can provide health benefits. Although many studies have shown positive results with the use of probiotics in bone loss control, as in periodontal disease, the effect of probiotics on a mechanical force-induced alveolar bone resorption is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the specific probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on bone remodeling induced by orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS For this study, thirty C57BL6/J male mice were used and divided into two groups: 1- Mice were orally treated with the probiotic; 2- Mice were treated with vehicle. All mice were submitted to the experimental model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Bone parameters and OTM was evaluated by MicroCT. OTM and TRAP positive cells were analyzed by histomorphometric analysis. Osteoclasts markers were evaluated by qPCR and short chain fatty acids were measured in feces. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis showed that probiotic treatment did not modify the alveolar bone parameters. However, supplementation with probiotics restrained the tooth movement, as demonstrated by the reduced distance of OTM. Probiotic-treated mice presented down-regulation of Trap expression and reduced osteoclast numbers compared to the control. Accordingly, probiotics supplemented mice exhibited a higher concentration of short-chain fatty acid in their feces. CONCLUSIONS The supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis impaired tooth movement without altering the alveolar bone microarchitecture. The effect on bone remodeling induced by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis may be associated with the short-chain fatty acids' production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Fernanda Duffles
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Parreira Menino
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaise Mayumi Taira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luiz Salvador
- Department of Clinical Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel Reis Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Universidade de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KG, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:276-359. [PMID: 34489050 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2020 professional literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to this work to cover this broad topic. Specific subject areas addressed include prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions with a keen eye on future trends in the profession. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published today, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. The purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater detail. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in navigating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the dental patients they encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, Chair and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Science Officer, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wis
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin G Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md; Private practice, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthias Troeltzsch
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Private practice, Ansbach, Germany
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13
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Papadopoulou C, Karamani I, Gkourtsogianni S, Seremidi K, Kloukos D. A systematic review on the effectiveness of organic unprocessed products in controlling gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:664-671. [PMID: 33942562 PMCID: PMC8543457 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the available data on the effects of organic unprocessed products in treating gingivitis during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods Multiple electronic databases were searched up to October 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, cohort studies of prospective and retrospective design, and cross‐sectional studies reporting on natural products for controlling gingivitis in orthodontic patients were eligible for inclusion. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed per the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results Three RCTs were finally eligible for inclusion, yielding a total of 135 patients with an age range of 12–40 years. Organic products used were Aloe vera mouth rinse, ingestion of honey and chamomile mouthwash. Treatment follow‐up period varied from 30 min to 15 days. The results indicated that the use of the aforementioned organic products significantly reduced plaque and gingival bleeding levels as early as treatment started. The reduction in biofilm accumulation and gingival bleeding was significant throughout the studies' follow‐up. Conclusions Owing to their antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties, nonpharmacological formulations successfully controlled gingival inflammation and plaque indices in orthodontic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Papadopoulou
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Karamani
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Gkourtsogianni
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kiriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dental School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kloukos
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 251 Hellenic Air Force & VA General Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Role of Probiotics in Oral Health Maintenance Among Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1349-1359. [PMID: 32623645 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the role of probiotics in oral health maintenance among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy (OT). An unrestricted search of indexed databases was performed until April 2020 using the following Mesh-terms: (1) probiotic and (2) orthodontic. Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the influence of probiotic therapy (PT) towards oral health maintenance/improvement in patients undergoing fixed OT were included. Data screening, selection, and extraction were performed; and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. All evaluations were performed by 2 independent researchers; and disagreements were resolved via discussion. Nine RCTs were included. Eight studies reported that PT improves oral health in patients undergoing fixed OT. Seven studies showed that PT reduces the counts of oral pathogenic bacteria in the oral biofilm and/or saliva. One study reported that PT reduces halitosis in patients undergoing fixed OT. One study found that PT reduces the scores of plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI); and one study reported that PT has no significant influence on PI and GI in patients undergoing fixed OT. One study reported that PT does not prevent the formation of white spot lesions during fixed OT. Three and 6 studies had a moderate and low risk of bias, respectively. A power analysis was performed in 4 studies. In conclusion, probiotics exhibit antimicrobial activity against oral pathogenic bacteria; however, due to the limitations of the studies assessed, further well-designed RCTs are needed.
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