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Imbabi T, Hassan TMM, Osman A, El Aziz AHA, Tantawi AA, Nasr MAF. Impacts of thyme and/or garlic oils on growth, immunity, antioxidant and net farm income in Damascus goats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13173. [PMID: 38849384 PMCID: PMC11161640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thyme and/or garlic oil administration on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, biochemical parameters, and net farm income of Damascus goats. Forty weaned Damascus goats were allocated into four groups. The first group was the control without oral administration, while the 2nd (Th), 3rd (Gr), and 4th (ThGr) groups were orally administrated by (2 ml/goat/day) of thyme oil, garlic oil and their mixture (1:1), respectively during the whole experiment period. The final body weight of goats orally administered oil mixture was the heaviest group, it was 10, 4.5 and 3.5% than the control, Th. and Gr. groups, respectively with better feed conversion ratio and high net farm income. Goats of ThGr. group revealed the best immunity, antioxidant and general health condition than the control group with 50% reduction of MDA. Liver (AST, 33% and ALT, 38%) and kidney (creatinine, 88%) functions improved by oils mixtures orally administration compared with the control group. LDL, triglyceride and cholesterol were reduced by 47, 33 and 21% compared with the control group, respectively. Thus, mixture oil administration (thyme and garlic at the ratio of 1:1, 2 ml/goat/day) improved growth (10%), antioxidant status (MDA 50%), liver (AST, 33% and ALT, 38%), kidney function (creatinine, 88%), the FCR (17.4%) and net farm income (21%), of Damascus goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat Imbabi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Tamer M M Hassan
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman H Abd El Aziz
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Abuelkassem A Tantawi
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A F Nasr
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt.
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Ferreira JS, de Brito AL, Paz ST, Barbosa HDM, Vieira JRC, Quixabeira CMT, Gomes DA, Ramirez PNL, de Sousa FS, Lago JHG, Lira EC. Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of ethanol extract from Nectandra leucantha Nees & Mart. (Lauraceae) barks. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:181-188. [PMID: 34965819 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2015862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nectandra leucantha has been used in traditional medicine. Several metabolites isolated from N. leucantha extracts displayed immunomodulatory, antileishmanial properties, but the determination of the toxicological profile in mammals has not previously been performed. In this study, the ethanol extract from N. leucantha barks (EENl) was characterized by HPLC/HRESIMS. To study acute toxicity, female mice received EENl in a single dose of 100, 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg bw. Later, sub-acute toxicity was introduced in female and male mice by oral gavage at 100, 500 or 1000 mg/kg bw for 28 consecutive days. Hematological and biochemical profiles from the blood as well as histological analysis from the liver and kidney were performed. The HPLC/HRESIMS analysis of the EENl revealed the presence of six neolignans chemically related to dehydrodieugenol B. In the oral acute and sub-chronic studies, EENl did not produce in all doses evaluated any alteration in behavior, biochemical, hematological, body weight gain and food intake or sudden death in Swiss mice. In addition, histopathological data did not reveal any disturbance in liver and kidney morphology after 28 days of EENl treatment. Our results indicate that EENl at dosage levels up to 2000 mg/kg bw is non-toxic and can be considered safe for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- July Silva Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alanne Lucena de Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Silvana Tavares Paz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Humberto de Moura Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Mirele Tabósa Quixabeira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pamela Noemy L Ramirez
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S de Sousa
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Khairani AF, Pamela Y, Oktavia N, Achadiyani A, Adipraja MY, Zhafira PY, Shalannandia WA, Atik N. Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity study of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) yogurt in mice (Mus musculus). Vet World 2022; 15:789-796. [PMID: 35497941 PMCID: PMC9047126 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.789-796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Food safety is an important aspect to be evaluated in preventing any potentially harmful side effects of food product such as yogurt. The purple sweet potato yogurt product was developed to combine the benefits of probiotic activities in yogurt and the bioactive effects of anthocyanin in purple sweet potato. This study was performed to investigate acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity of purple sweet potato yogurt (PSPY) in mice. Materials and Methods: Acute oral toxicity was evaluated by a 14-day observation for any clinical sign of toxicity on fifteen female balb/c mice following a single dosage of PSPY (nil, 2 or 5 g/kg body weight). The sub-chronic oral toxicity study was conducted by feeding PSPY to four groups of mice with the dose of 0, 12, 20, and 40 g/kg body weight for 28 days, and another group of mice receiving 40 g/kg body weight purple sweet potato for 14 days longer to observe any delayed toxicity effect. Body weight and clinical signs of toxicity were observed daily. Liver and kidney macroscopy and relative organ weight, liver histology, liver enzyme, and hematology profile analyses were done at the end of the study. Results: There were no signs of toxicity observed from the acute toxicity study and no abnormality in body weight, relative organ weight, and gross organ examination. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, there were no clinical signs of toxicity, no significant differences in body weight, relative liver weight, liver enzymes, hematology profile, or abnormality in gross and histological examination of the liver. Conclusion: This study shows that oral administration of PSPY in mice up to 5 g/kg body weight did not result in acute toxicity, while the dosage up to 40 g/kg body weight did not lead to sub-chronic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Feinisa Khairani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yunisa Pamela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Biology Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nandina Oktavia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Achadiyani Achadiyani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - M. Yusuf Adipraja
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Prita Yasri Zhafira
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Widad Aghnia Shalannandia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
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El-Hagrassi AM, Osman AF, El-Naggar ME, Mowaad NA, Khalil S, Hamed MA. Phytochemical constituents and protective efficacy of Schefflera arboricola L. leaves extract against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats. Biomarkers 2022; 27:375-394. [PMID: 35234557 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2048892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from liver failure. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Schefflera arboricola L. leaves methanol extract against thioacetamide (TAA) induced HE in rats. Materials and methods: GC/MS, LC-ESI-MS and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The methanol extract was orally administrated (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days. TAA (200 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally on day 19 and continued for three days. The evaluation was done by measuring alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ammonia, reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) alpha tumor necrotic factor (TNFα), toll like receptor (TLR4), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interlukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase 2(COX2), B cell lymphoma (BCL2), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163). The histological features of liver and brain were conducted. Results: Forty five compounds were identified from the n-hexane fraction, while twenty nine phenolic compounds were determined from the methanol extract. Pretreatment with the plant extract returned most of the measurements under investigation to nearly normal. Conclusion: Due to its richness with bioactive compounds, Schefflera arboricola L. leaves extract succeeded to exert anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties in TAA-induced HE in rats with more efficacy to its high protective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M El-Hagrassi
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer F Osman
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E El-Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mowaad
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Acids and Poisons, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar Khalil
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Nasr MAF, Alkhedaide AQ, Ramadan AAI, Hafez AESE, Hussein MA. Potential impact of stocking density on growth, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of different broiler breeds. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101442. [PMID: 34607150 PMCID: PMC8493580 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study to investigate the potential impact of different stocking densities on growth performance, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of Arbor Acres and Ross-308 broiler breeds to recommend the better stocking density with low production cost simultaneously with high quality. A total of 312 one-day old of each Arbor Acres broiler and Ross-308 were randomly classified into 3 experimental groups with different stocking density, each of 6 replicates. The first group (SD1) was 14 birds/m2 (28 kg/m2), while the second group (SD2) was 18 birds/m2 (36 kg/m2) and the third group (SD3) was 20 birds/m2 (40 kg/m2). The growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. SD3 group possessed the lowest body weight. Alanine transaminase in Arbor Acres was 15 and 14% higher in SD3 when compared with SD1 and SD2, respectively. While, was 21 and 20% of Ross-308, respectively. SD3 revealed the highest values of cholesterol, TG, MDA, and LDL of both breeds when compared with SD1 and SD2, with the lowest levels of HDL, GPX, and IGG. Birds of SD3 was the nastiest carcass weight 873 (P = 0.000) and 1,411.60 g (P = 0.000); dressing percentage 63.07 (P = 0.000) and 75.83% (P = 0.000); breast weight 513.10 g (P = 0.000) and 885.50g (P = 0.000); thigh weight 359.90 g (P = 0.000) and 526.08 g (P = 0.000) when compared with SD1 and SD2 of Arbor Acres and Ross-308, respectively. The dressing % of SD1 and SD2 was approximately 19% better than that of SD3 of Arbor Acres, while it was 4% of Ross-308. The cooking loss and drip loss of breast and thigh muscles were higher in SD3 of both breeds. Moreover, SD3 possessed the highest bacterial count. In conclusion birds reared in medium stocking density revealed better performance and welfare than high density but similar to low density. Therefore, from the economic point, medium density was the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A F Nasr
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Adel Q Alkhedaide
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal A I Ramadan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Abd-El Salam E Hafez
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hussein
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Wang Y, Khan FA, Siddiqui M, Aamer M, Lu C, Choudhary MI. The genus Schefflera: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113675. [PMID: 33301919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schefflera is the largest genus in the family Araliaceae, which contains 602 known species indigenous to Asia, Africa, and the southwest Pacific region, several of which are used in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE REVIEW The review discusses current knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Schefflera species, to assess the medicinal potential of this genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature were explored using the keyword "Schefflera" in SciFinder®, Google Scholar®, and PubMed® databases. The taxonomy of all reported plants was authenticated using "The Plant List". Additional data on traditional uses was obtained from secondary references including books and online resources. RESULTS Fourteen species were documented as traditional medicines in China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia, specifically to manage rheumatism, pain, and trauma. Other species are used in the treatment of liver disorders, skin conditions, respiratory infections, cancer, diarrhea, malaria, paralysis, and many other conditions. The main phytochemical constituents identified were triterpenoids and saponins, with sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanoids, and lignans. Pharmacological properties of extracts and pure isolated compounds included analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimalarial, and antiallergic effects. CONCLUSION The reported biological activities of Schefflera species support their traditional uses, although the available data, even for medicinal species, was limited. Reports of chemical constituents or biological activities could be found for only about 20 species, but suggest that further investigation of efficacy and safety of the largely unexplored genus Schefflera is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq-Ahmad Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Mahwish Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on biochemical and histopathological parameters in rats. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:225-233. [PMID: 35419274 PMCID: PMC8960535 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants play an important role in the management of various diseases, so their use has become widespread. However, in some cases the population uses plant species regardless of the toxicity they may possess. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract from the leaves of Ambrosia arborescens Mill. on the biochemical and histopathological parameters of albino Holtzman rats. To do this, the leaves of A. arborescens were collected in the province of Julcan, La Libertad Region-Peru. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) guideline 423 was conducted, forming experimental groups of 10 animals each one (5 males and 5 females): Group I (Control), which received 2 mL physiological saline solution (SSF 0.9%), Groups II and III (A. arborescens-300 and A. arborescens-2000), which were given the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens in a single dose of 300 and 2000 mg/kg/day, respectively. On the 14th day of exposure, biochemical (creatinine, ALT and AST) and histopathological parameters were measured. The results show that the aqueous extract of A. arborescens at the dose of 2000 mg/kg produces an increase in biochemical parameters which is related to histopathological analysis of liver and renal tissue with mild congestion. The study concludes that the aqueous extract leaves of A. arborescens has a LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and produces mild congestion in kidneys and liver, but showed no significant toxicological changes in the other albino Holtzman rats organs.
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de Brito AL, Quixabeira CMT, de Lima LMA, Paz ST, Gomes ANP, de Souza Araújo TA, de Albuquerque UP, Gomes DA, Silva TMS, Lira EC. Safety assessment of Bauhinia cheilantha Bong. Steud leaves extract: acute, sub-acute toxicity, antioxidant, and antihemolytic evaluations. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:613-626. [PMID: 34141175 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia cheilantha (Fabaceae), known popularly as pata-de-vaca and mororó has been largely recommended treating several diseases in folk medicine. However, information on safe doses and use is still scarce. The goal was to evaluate in-vitro antioxidant and antihemolytic and also acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of hydroalcoholic extract from B. cheilantha leaves (HaEBcl). The identification of the compounds in the HaEBcl was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antioxidant and hemolytic activity of HaEBcl was evaluated in vitro. To study acute toxicity, female mice received HaEBcl in a single dose of 300 and 2.000 mg/kg. Later, sub-acute toxicity was introduced in both female and male mice by oral gavage at 300, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Hematological and biochemical profiles were created from the blood as well as from histological analysis of the liver. HaEBcl is rich in flavonoids (quercitrin and afzelin), has no hemolytic effects and moderate antioxidant effects in vitro. Acute toxicity evaluation showed that lethal dose (LD50) of HaEBcl was over 2000 mg/kg. Sub-acute toxicity testing elicited no clinical signs of toxicity, morbidity, or mortality. The hematological and biochemical parameters discounted any chance of hepatic or kidney toxicity. Furthermore, histopathological data did not reveal any disturbance in liver morphology in treated mice. Results indicate that HaEBcl has no hemolytic and moderate antioxidant effects in vitro. In addition, HaEBcl dosage levels up to 2000 mg/kg are nontoxic and can be considered safe for mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanne Lucena de Brito
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Carla Mirele Tabósa Quixabeira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Lidiane Mâcedo Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Silvana Tavares Paz
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Ayala Nara Pereira Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Thiago Antônio de Souza Araújo
- Departamento de saúde, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Rua Jonathas de Vasconcelos, 92, 51021-140, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos, Departamento de Botênica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Tania Maria Sarmento Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S/N, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Carvalho Lira
- Laboratório de Neuroendocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
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Mbougnia JFT, Bitchagno GTM, Wouamba SCN, Jouda JB, Awouafack MD, Tene M, Lenta BN, Kouam SF, Tane P, Sewald N. Two new triterpenoid fatty acid esters from Schefflera barteri Harms (Araliaceae)§. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2085-2096. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1849199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flore T. Mbougnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gabin Thierry M. Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Steven Collins N. Wouamba
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean-Bosco Jouda
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Mathieu Tene
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Simeon Fogue Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Gil-Avilés MDR, Montes-Avila J, Díaz-Camacho SP, Picos-Salas MA, López-Angulo G, Reynoso-Soto EA, Osuna-Martínez LU, Delgado-Vargas F. Soluble melanins of the Randia echinocarpa fruit - Structural characteristics and toxicity. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13077. [PMID: 31608463 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble melanins (SM) of Randia echinocarpa fruit possess interesting biological activities and have been scarcely characterized. In this study, SM were obtained at boiling (SMBT) and room (SMRT) temperatures and characterized by UV-Vis, IR, thermogravimetric analysis, and GC-MS of the hydrolysis products of the SM; besides, the solid-state 13 C NMR, elemental analysis, and acute and sub-acute toxicity of the SMBT were determined. SMBT and SMRT contain organic acids and carbohydrates and their spectroscopic signals and thermograms were similar, but the SMBT yield was higher. The SMBT were characterized by their elemental composition (C 48.260 ± 0.011%, N 3.693 ± 0.009% and H 6.093 ± 0.076%) consistent with the presence of aromatic rings and eumelanins, degradation temperature at 300°C, 13 C NMR signals supporting melanin-bonding with carbohydrates and organic acids, and innocuity in Balb/C mice (acute assay, LD50 > 5 g/kg b.w.; sub-acute assay, no lethality at 500 mg/kg b.w. for 30 days). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The consumption of melanins has been associated with health benefits because of their biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, immunostimulatory, UV- and radiation-protective). Randia echinocarpa is employed in Mexican traditional medicine against chronic degenerative diseases (e.g., cancer and diabetes) and ailments of organs (e.g., kidney and lung) and systems (e.g., circulatory and gastrointestinal). The R. echinocarpa fruit contains water-soluble melanins (SM) that inhibit carbohydrate-digestive enzymes and show high antioxidant activity; thus, SM could be useful for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. This study showed that the SM structure contains melanin-bonding organic acids and carbohydrates, which could be associated with the SM solubility and higher yield, and that SMBT were innocuous in the acute and sub-acute assays in mice. Thus, the R. echinocarpa SMBT could be used as safe potential ingredients to develop functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Montes-Avila
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gabriela López-Angulo
- School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, Mexico
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Safety assessment of the ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth. leaves: a 90-day oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:152. [PMID: 31253153 PMCID: PMC6599297 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background The leaves of Gongronema latifolium Benth. have long been recognized traditionally as a remedy for a variety of ailments in Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of the ethanolic extract of G. latifolium (GLES) leaves through a repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity study in male and female of Sprague Dawley rats. Methods GLES was orally administered at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day consecutively for 90 days. Results No behavioral or physiological changes and mortality were observed. GLES did not have a marked impact on general hematological parameters and did not precipitate nephrotoxicity. However, compared to the control, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were lower and white adipose tissue paired retroperitoneal fat depots were depleted in male rats treated with GLES3 by the end of the experiment. The liver was significantly enlarged in GLES-treated rats of both sexes. Negative gender-specific alterations were observed with the highest dose. Adverse risk was evident in the female rats mainly due to marked body weight gain and cerebrum weight reduction. Conclusion Further research is needed to reach more specific conclusions about to the safety of ingesting high doses of GLES for long periods of time.
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Effects of Cassia abbreviata extract and stocking density on growth performance, oxidative stress and liver function of indigenous chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2567-2574. [PMID: 31250251 PMCID: PMC6831771 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of stocking density and extract from Cassia abbreviata stem bark on growth performance, oxidative stress and liver function of indigenous chickens. A total of 420 1-day-old female Ovambo chicks with initial body weight of 0.32 ± 0.036 kg (mean ± SD) were used in the study. Birds, which were cooped in stocking densities consisting 5, 10 and 20 birds/m2, were orally administered with 0, 50, 200 and 500 mg/kg of extract from C. abbreviata stem bark. Each stocking density per dosage level of extract was repeated three times. Average feed intake was lower (P < 0.05) in birds housed at 20 birds/m2. There was a low (P < 0.05) average daily gain in birds housed at 20 birds/m2. Malondialdehyde was higher (P < 0.05) in 20 birds/m2. Average daily gain was high (P < 0.05) in birds administered with 0 and 50 mg/kg of C. abbreviata stem bark extract. Birds administered with 0 and 50 mg/kg of C. abbreviata stem bark extract had a higher (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio. Birds dosed with 500 and 200 mg/kg had high (P < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity. Birds administered with 500 mg/kg of C. abbreviata stem bark extract had the lowest (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde. A 500 mg/kg of stem bark extract from C. abbreviata resulted to higher (P < 0.05) activities of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. There was a significant (P < 0.05) interaction between the stocking density and C. abbreviata extract on catalase activity. High stocking density of 20 birds/m2 reduced growth performance and induced stress in indigenous chickens. High dosage of level 500 mg/kg of stem bark extract of C. abbreviata reduced oxidative stress while depressing growth performance and causing hepatotoxicity in birds. There is a need to precisely determine the maximum dosage level of C. abbreviata extract to improve growth performance and reduce oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in indigenous chickens in high stocking density.
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Athmouni K, El Feki A, Ayadi H. Hepatotoxic effects of Euphol-rich fractions from Euphorbia bivonae-Relevance to cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:69-76. [PMID: 30401578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
These studies were designed to evaluate the preliminary oral toxicity profile of the crude ethanolic aerial part extract of E. bivonae in the Male albino Wistar rats and its active chemical constituents. The 24-h LD50 was determined using probit analysis method. The single dose LD50was found to be 2568.64 mg/kg bw when administrated orally in mice. Additionally, the Wistar rats were used to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of E. bivonae ethanolic extract. The serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in liver and histopathological analysis were investigated in normal and treated groups. Subchronic toxicity studies in rats with oral doses of 50, 150, 350 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels. In addition, the administration of this extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and an increment in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. Finally, we suggest that the three compounds of E. bivonae extract (sitosterol, euphol and lupeol) are the mainly responsible of this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Athmouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Plankktonology, University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Unit UR 11 ES 72/ Street of Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, B.P. 95, 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, B.P. 95, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Plankktonology, University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Unit UR 11 ES 72/ Street of Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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Zaulet M, Kevorkian SEM, Dinescu S, Cotoraci C, Suciu M, Herman H, Buburuzan L, Badulescu L, Ardelean A, Hermenean A. Protective effects of silymarin against bisphenol A-induced hepatotoxicity in mouse liver. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:821-828. [PMID: 28450905 PMCID: PMC5403334 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical released into the environment, with severe consequences for human health, including metabolic syndrome and associated pathological conditions. Due to limited information on BPA-induced hepatotoxicity, the present study focused on investigating the association between BPA-induced toxicity and inflammatory markers in the liver, and how these injuries may be alleviated using the natural agent silymarin, a flavonoid with antioxidant properties obtained from Silybum marianum. Administration of BPA to male CD-1 mice for 10 days caused a significant increase in the number of cells immunopositive for interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, pro-inflammatory cytokines that mediate the hepatic inflammatory response. Treatment with 200 mg/kg of silymarin concurrently with BPA for 10 days resulted in a diminished level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and in significantly reduced ultrastructural injuries. Additionally, silymarin was able to restore the significantly decreased glycogen deposits observed following BPA exposure to normal levels, thus favoring hepatic glycogenesis. This study represents the first report of silymarin ability to reduce hepatic lesions and to counteract inflammation caused by BPA in mice. A dose of 200 mg/kg silymarin was sufficient to induce a protective effect against structural and ultrastructural injuries induced by BPA and to lower the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in murine liver tissue following exposure to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Zaulet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Steliana Elvira Maria Kevorkian
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Cotoraci
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Suciu
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Hildegard Herman
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Laura Buburuzan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Liliana Badulescu
- Department of Bioengineering of Horti-Viticultural System, University of Agronomical Science and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel Ardelean
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Vasile Goldiș' Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
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Dahham SS, Hassan LEA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, Majid AMSA, Zulkepli NN. In vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of essential oils extract from agarwood (Aquilaria crassna). Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:236. [PMID: 27450078 PMCID: PMC4957886 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquilaria crassna has been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat vomiting, rheumatism, asthma, and cough. Furthermore, earlier studies from our laboratory have revealed that the essential oil extract from agarwood inhibited colorectal carcinoma cells. Despite of the wide range of ethno-pharmacological uses of agarwood, its toxicity has not been previously evaluated through systematic toxicological studies. Therefore, the potential safety of essential oil extract and its in vivo anti-tumor activity had been investigated. METHODS In the acute toxicity study, Swiss female mice were given a single dose of the essential oil extract at 2000 mg/kg/day orally and screened for two weeks after administration. Meanwhile, in the sub-chronic study, two different doses of the extract were administered for 28 days. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, and histological parameters were monitored during the study. Other than that, in vivo anti-tumor study was assessed by using subcutaneous tumors model established in nude mice. RESULTS The acute toxicity study showed that the LD50 of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg. In the repeated dose for 28-day oral toxicity study, the administration of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of essential oil per body weight revealed insignificant difference in food and water intakes, bodyweight change, hematological and biochemical parameters, relative organ weights, gross findings or histopathology compared to the control group. Nevertheless, the essential oil extract, when supplemented to nude mice, caused significant growth inhibition of the subcutaneous tumor of HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data obtained indicated that essential oil extract from agarwood might be a safe material, and this essential oil is suggested as a potential anti-colon cancer candidate.
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