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Cásedas G, Moliner C, Abad-Longas A, Núñez S, Gómez-Rincón C, Maggi F, López V. Black Mulberries ( Morus nigra L.) Modulate Oxidative Stress and Beta-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity, Becoming a Potential Neuroprotective Functional Food. Foods 2024; 13:2577. [PMID: 39200504 PMCID: PMC11353910 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) is a common edible fruit from the Moraceae family with a wide variety of nutritional and medicinal applications, mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this work was to investigate the cytoprotective and neuroprotective capacity of a hydrophilic black mulberry solvent-free extract rich in polyphenols, including the antioxidant, antiradical, and enzymatic mechanisms that would explain these effects. Its neuroprotective potential was evaluated in vitro using the Neuro-2a cell line and in vivo through the Caenorhabditis elegans organism model. Neuro-2a cells were treated at different concentrations of the extract (25-500 µg/mL) and hydrogen peroxide (300 µM) as an oxidant agent, simultaneously. From these treatments, redox status (intracellular ROS production) and cellular activity (MTT) were also quantified in Neuro-2a. Regarding the C. elegans assay, the protection of the extract against β-amyloid toxicity was measured against the CL4176 strain, which is a model of Alzheimer disease. As a complementary neuroprotective assay, its potential to inhibit the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme was measured. In addition, an Artemia salina bioassay was performed for preliminary toxicity screening. And its antioxidant properties were evaluated by means of the FRAP assay. The results confirm its neuroprotective potential and its ability to scavenge free radicals and decrease ROS production, also acting as a moderate MAO-A inhibitor. Moreover, the polyphenolic extract alleviates the toxicity induced by β-amyloid accumulation in C. elegans. Concluding, Morus nigra can be considered a functional food with bioactive compounds that may prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cásedas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.-L.); (S.N.); (C.G.-R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Moliner
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.-L.); (S.N.); (C.G.-R.)
| | - Alba Abad-Longas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.-L.); (S.N.); (C.G.-R.)
| | - Sonia Núñez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.-L.); (S.N.); (C.G.-R.)
| | - Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.-L.); (S.N.); (C.G.-R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.C.); (C.M.); (A.A.-L.); (S.N.); (C.G.-R.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca Km. 299, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
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Akhtar HMS, Ahmed S, Olewnik-Kruszkowska E, Gierszewska M, Brzezinska MS, Dembińska K, Kalwasińska A. Carboxymethyl cellulose based films enriched with polysaccharides from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) as new biodegradable packaging material. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127633. [PMID: 37879581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the properties of a new active packaging film developed by the addition of mulberry leaves polysaccharides (MLP) into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Biodegradable CMC-MLP films were fabricated by casting method with various concentrations of MLP (1, 5 and 10 % w/w). The addition of MLP into the CMC matrix resulted increased thickness (0.126 to 0.163 mm) and roughness of the films. Also, the decline in moisture content from 27.91 to 14.12 %, water vapor permeability from 8.95 to 5.21 × 10-10 g-1 s-1 Pa-1, and a swelling degree from 59.11 to 37.45 % were observed. With the increasing concentration of MLP, the mechanical properties of the films were improved and higher dispersion of UV light were noted. Fourier transform - infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction revealed good inter-molecular interaction between CMC matrix and MLP. The prepared films showed excellent thermal stability, antioxidant and antibacterial properties as well as susceptibility to biodegradation in the soil environment. Moreover, it was proved that the films have ability to retard oil oxidation. Overall, it was concluded that CMC-MLP films constitute a promising biomaterial that may be applied as active food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Saleem Akhtar
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska
- Department of Physical and Polymer Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gierszewska
- Department of Physical and Polymer Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dembińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kalwasińska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
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Refaie MMM, El-Hussieny M, Shehata S, Welson NN, Abdelzaher WY. Exploring the role of ATP-sensitive potassium channel, eNOS, and P-glycoprotein in mediating the hepatoprotective activity of nicorandil in methotrexate-induced liver injury in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:607-615. [PMID: 37078892 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2201659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent; however, its clinical use is challenged by various types of injuries, including hepatotoxic side effects. Therefore, finding new protective drugs against MTX-induced toxicities is a critical need. Moreover, the different mechanisms mediating such effects are still not clear. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible ameliorative action of nicorandil (NIC) in MTX-induced hepatotoxicity and examine the roles of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were used. NIC (3 mg/kg/day) was given orally for 2 weeks, and hepatotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (20 mg/kg) on the 11th day of the experiment. We confirmed the role of KATP by co-administering glimepiride (GP) (10 mg/kg/day) 30 min before NIC. The measured serum biomarkers were [alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)], total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NOx), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and P-gp. Histopathology, eNOS, and caspase-3 immunoexpression were evaluated. RESULTS The MTX group displayed hepatotoxicity in the form of elevations of ALT, AST, MDA, NOx, and caspase-3 immunoexpression. Furthermore, the histopathological examination showed marked liver injury. TAC, SOD, P-gp, and eNOS immunoexpression showed significant inhibition. In the protective group, all parameters improved (P value < 0.05). CONCLUSION NIC has an ameliorative action against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, most probably via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic functions together with the modulation of the KATP channel, eNOS, and P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sayed Shehata
- Department of Cardiology, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Parthasarathy M, Prince SE. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Alleviates Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051173. [PMID: 37240818 DOI: 10.3390/life13051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is a herbal plant used in traditional medicinal approaches to treat various ailments and diseases. Methotrexate (MTX) is a clinically used immunosuppressant and anticancer drug. One of the increasing concerns with MTX use is liver toxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential effect of aqueous leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity. Wistar albino rats were grouped into five groups, and the drugs were administered. MTX (20 mg/kg b.w.) was intraperitoneally injected into rats on the ninth day alone. Aqueous leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata (500 mg/kg b.w./day) was orally administered for 10 days. We confirmed the beneficial effect of aqueous extracts of Andrographis paniculata on restoring the hepatic enzyme markers, lipid profile, antioxidant level, anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10), anti-apoptosis (bcl-2), significant suppression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-6), apoptosis marker (caspase 3) and cellular tissue damage caused by MTX. Overall, we revealed that Andrographis paniculata reduces critical aspects of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and apoptosis, thus protecting against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Parthasarathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Schmidt S, Messner CJ, Gaiser C, Hämmerli C, Suter-Dick L. Methotrexate-Induced Liver Injury Is Associated with Oxidative Stress, Impaired Mitochondrial Respiration, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315116. [PMID: 36499436 PMCID: PMC9735468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is a standard therapy for rheumatoid arthritis due to its low cost and efficacy. Despite these benefits, MTX has been reported to cause chronic drug-induced liver injury, namely liver fibrosis. The hallmark of liver fibrosis is excessive scarring of liver tissue, triggered by hepatocellular injury and subsequent activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, little is known about the precise mechanisms through which MTX causes hepatocellular damage and activates HSCs. Here, we investigated the mechanisms leading to hepatocyte injury in HepaRG and used immortalized stellate cells (hTERT-HSC) to elucidate the mechanisms leading to HSC activation by exposing mono- and co-cultures of HepaRG and hTERT-HSC to MTX. The results showed that at least two mechanisms are involved in MTX-induced toxicity in HepaRG: (i) oxidative stress through depletion of glutathione (GSH) and (ii) impairment of cellular respiration in a GSH-independent manner. Furthermore, we measured increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in activated HSC following MTX treatment. In conclusion, we established a human-relevant in vitro model to gain mechanistical insights into MTX-induced hepatotoxicity, linked oxidative stress in HepaRG to a GSH-dependent and -independent pathway, and hypothesize that not only oxidative stress in hepatocytes but also ER stress in HSCs contribute to MTX-induced activation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Schmidt
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Jane Messner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carine Gaiser
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Carina Hämmerli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Laura Suter-Dick
- School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Xu X, Luo H, Chen Q, Wang Z, Chen X, Li X, Chen H, Wang M, Xu Y, Dai M, Wang J, Huang X, Wu B, Li Y. Detecting potential mechanism of vitamin D in treating rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1047061. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1047061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Vitamin D plays a vital role in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the mechanism of vitamin D and rheumatism is still unclear. Therefore, a strategy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking was used to explore the mechanism of vitamin D and RA.Methods: The targets of RA were obtained from the GeneCards database and Therapeutic Targets Database, and the targets of vitamin D were obtained from the Drugbank database and STITCH database. Next, overlapping genes were identified by Venny, and further Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and molecular docking analyses were performed.Results: A total of 1,139 targets of RA and 201 targets of vitamin D were obtained. A total of 76 overlapping genes were identified by Venny. The enrichment analysis showed that cell proliferation, immune response, and apoptotic process were the critical biological processes of vitamin D in treating RA. Antifolate resistance, osteoclast differentiation, and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway are fundamental mechanisms of vitamin D in treating RA. According to further molecular docking, ALB, TNF, CASP3, and TP53 may be important punctuation points or diagnostic markers for future RA treatment.Conclusion: By analysing overlapping genes of diseases and drugs, this study confirmed that ALB, TNF, CASP3, and TP53 may be essential markers or diagnostic markers for future RA treatment.
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Han JH, Lee HW, Jung SH, Cho CW, Kim TJ, Kang JS, Myung CS. The anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extracts was increased by bioconversion with Pectinex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20375. [PMID: 36437256 PMCID: PMC9701790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extract (MLE) is known to have anti-obesity effects. In this study, the enhanced effects of MLE after bioconversion treatment using Pectinex (BMLE) on obesity were explored, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the active components, neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), whose amounts were increased by bioconversion of MLE. Both MLE and BMLE inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without cytotoxicity and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, MLE and BMLE decreased high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue mass expansion. Notably, BMLE significantly increased antiadipogenic and anti-obesity effects compared to MLE in vitro and in vivo. The active ingredients increased by bioconversion, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, inhibited the protein levels of C/EBPα and the mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic possibility of using bioconversion of MLE, by which upregulation of 5-CQA and 4-CQA potently inhibits adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Won Lee
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jeong Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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Carneiro ADA, Sinoti SBP, de Freitas MM, Simeoni LA, Fagg CW, Magalhães PDO, Silveira D, Fonseca-Bazzo YM. Hydroethanolic Extract of Morus nigra L. Leaves: A Dual PPAR-α/γ Agonist with Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223147. [PMID: 36432875 PMCID: PMC9693183 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of systemic inflammation has been a beneficial strategy in treating several non-communicable diseases, which represent one of the major causes of mortality in the world. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are interesting pharmacological targets, since they can act both through the metabolic and anti-inflammatory pathways. Morus nigra L. has flavonoids in its chemical composition with recognized anti-oxidant activity and often associated with anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the hydroethanolic extract of M. nigra leaves' ability to activate PPAR and promote anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage cells. The leaf extract was prepared by cold maceration, and the chemical profile was obtained by HPLC-DAD. Activation of PPAR α and γ was evaluated by the luciferase reporter assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 cells after stimulation with LPS from Escherichia coli. The HPLC-DAD analysis identified two major compounds: rutin and isoquercitrin. The extract showed agonist activity for the two types of PPAR, α and γ, although its major compounds, rutin and isoquercitrin, did not significantly activate the receptors. In addition, the extract significantly reduced the production of ROS, NO, and TNF-α. Treatment with the specific PPAR-α antagonist, GW 6471, was able to partially block the anti-inflammatory effect caused by the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Assis Carneiro
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Batista Pires Sinoti
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Marcela Medeiros de Freitas
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Christopher William Fagg
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, School of Pharmacy, Ceilândia Campus, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Pérola de Oliveira Magalhães
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Ma G, Chai X, Hou G, Zhao F, Meng Q. Phytochemistry, bioactivities and future prospects of mulberry leaves: A review. Food Chem 2022; 372:131335. [PMID: 34818743 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves (MLs) have been used traditionally to raise silkworms and as herbs and herbal drinks. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence of health benefits, mostly for ML extracts. ML extracts showed antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anticholesterol (affecting lipid metabolism), antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities, and so on. These might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, reduction of foam cell formation, inhibition of fat formation, decrease of NF-κB activity, and the promotion or induction of apoptosis. Phenolic constituents, especially flavonoids, phenolic acids and alkaloids, are likely to contribute to the reported effects. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of MLs confer the traditional and current uses as medicine, food, fodder, and cosmetics. This paper reviews the economic value, chemical composition and pharmacology of MLs to provide a reference for the development and utilization of MLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqun Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Boro H, Usha T, Babu D, Chandana P, Goyal AK, Ekambaram H, Yusufoglu HS, Das S, Middha SK. Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Morus indica roots from Indian Bodo tribes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 4:49. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe roots of Morus species are well described in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) for its traditional use in treating liver fibrosis due to its hepatoprotective property. However, little is known about the hepatoprotective effect of the roots of Morus indica L. (RoMi), and the pharmacological mechanism(s) are uncertain due to its intricacy. Therefore, this study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of RoMi (eRoMi) against the CCl4-induced in-vivo animal model at different dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) in comparison with silymarin as a positive control. The hepatoprotective activity of eRoMi was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and was verified by histological studies. Interestingly, 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene, 1,4-phenylenebis (trimethylsilane), 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl and α-amyrin were the active components found in eRoMi as detected by GC–MS. Oral administration of eRoMi (200 mg/kg BW) to rats significantly protected serum biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and GGT as well as depletion of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic GSH) and elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation as compared to CCl4-treated rats. The hematological indices such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, monocytes and lymphocytes were also normal in eRoMi-treated rats. The histopathological evaluation indicated a significant restoration of liver structure as compared to silymarin. This study is the first scientific validation for the traditional use of eRoMi to understand its hepatoprotective activity.
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A One-Stop Protocol to Assess Myocardial Fibrosis in Frozen and Paraffin Sections. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5010013. [PMID: 35200529 PMCID: PMC8877130 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Masson’s Trichrome Staining (MTS) is a useful tool for analyzing fibrosis in a plethora of disease pathologies by differential staining of tissue components. It is used to identify collagen fibers in different tissues like heart, lung, skin, and muscles. Especially in cardiac fibrosis, MTS stains the collagen fibers (blue color), which helps in the distinction of scar area versus the healthy area (red color). However, there are several challenges to stain both paraffin-embedded sections and frozen (cryosections) using a single protocol. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a simple short protocol to assess cardiac fibrosis in both paraffin-embedded and cryo heart sections. MTS uses three different stains, i.e., Weigert’s Iron Hematoxylin, Biebrich scarlet-acid fuchsin, and aniline blue to detect nuclei, cytoplasm, and collagen, respectively. In this study, we developed a simple short protocol that can be adapted by any lab to easily assess cardiac fibrosis in paraffin and frozen heart sections. Furthermore, we have addressed the challenges that are commonly faced during the immunostaining process and troubleshooting techniques. Overall, we have successfully developed a simple one-step protocol to assess myocardial fibrosis in paraffin-embedded and frozen cryosections.
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Hu Q, Lai P, Chen F, Yu Y, Zhang B, Li H, Liu R, Fan Y, Deng Z. Whole mulberry leaves as a promising functional food: From the alteration of phenolic compounds during spray drying and in vitro digestion. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1230-1243. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Peng‐wei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Fang Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health Nanchang University Bayi Avenue Nanchang Jiangxi 330000 China
| | - Yan‐fang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute Nanchang Jiangxi 330202 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Yawei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Ze‐yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science Nanchang University Nanjing East Road Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
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Boro H, Usha T, Babu D, Chandana P, Goyal AK, Ekambaram H, Yusufoglu HS, Das S, Middha SK. Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Morus indica roots from Indian Bodo tribes. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe roots of Morus species are well described in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (ChP) for its traditional use in treating liver fibrosis due to its hepatoprotective property. However, little is known about the hepatoprotective effect of the roots of Morus indica L. (RoMi), and the pharmacological mechanism(s) are uncertain due to its intricacy. Therefore, this study evaluates the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of RoMi (eRoMi) against the CCl4-induced in-vivo animal model at different dosages (100 and 200 mg/kg BW) in comparison with silymarin as a positive control. The hepatoprotective activity of eRoMi was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum biomarkers, hepatic antioxidant enzymes and was verified by histological studies. Interestingly, 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyl) benzene, 1,4-phenylenebis (trimethylsilane), 2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl and α-amyrin were the active components found in eRoMi as detected by GC–MS. Oral administration of eRoMi (200 mg/kg BW) to rats significantly protected serum biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, LDH, bilirubin and GGT as well as depletion of antioxidant enzymes and hepatic GSH) and elevation in hepatic lipid peroxidation as compared to CCl4-treated rats. The hematological indices such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin, monocytes and lymphocytes were also normal in eRoMi-treated rats. The histopathological evaluation indicated a significant restoration of liver structure as compared to silymarin. This study is the first scientific validation for the traditional use of eRoMi to understand its hepatoprotective activity.
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Yu YF, Chen Y, Shi X, Ye C, Wang J, Huang J, Zhang B, Deng Z. Hepatoprotective effect of different mulberry leaf extracts against acute liver injury in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Food Funct 2022; 13:8593-8604. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00282e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of various mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf extracts (MLEs), including mulberry ethanol extract (MEE), aqueous extract (MAE) and combination extract (MCE) against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)...
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Bhatt S, Sharma A, Dogra A, Sharma P, Kumar A, Kotwal P, Bag S, Misra P, Singh G, Kumar A, Sangwan PL, Nandi U. Glabridin attenuates paracetamol-induced liver injury in mice via CYP2E1-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2352-2360. [PMID: 34233566 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1945004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CYP2E1 plays a crucial role in the bio-activation of toxic substances leading to liver damage. In this context, CYP2E1 converts paracetamol (PCM) to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which is prone to cause hepatotoxicity. Hence, we aimed to explore the protective effect of glabridin on widely used PCM-induced liver injury model in the present study and, after that, correlated with the role of CYP2E1 toward its efficacy. Glabridin was isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra and characterized before the investigation in an in-vivo mice model of PCM-induced liver injury. Glabridin after oral treatment at 5-20 mg/kg showed a considerable improvement in serum biochemical parameters (ALT and AST) and oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, and catalase) in comparison to only PCM-treatment. Histopathological examination of the liver depicted that glabridin exhibited substantial protection from PCM-induced liver injury compared to the disease control group. Significant down-regulation of CYP2E1 protein and its mRNA expression levels were observed in the glabridin-treated groups compared to PCM-induced respective elevation of CYP2E1. Moreover, activation of NF-κB was significantly inhibited by glabridin. Therefore, glabridin has the potential to protect PCM-induced liver injury through CYP2E1 inhibition-mediated normalization of oxidative stress. Further research is warranted to establish glabridin as a phytotherapeutics for liver protection for which no effective and safe oral drug is available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Proteomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Payare Lal Sangwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Differential Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Silkworm Biotransformation between Mulberry Leaves and Silkworm Droppings. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8819538. [PMID: 34306157 PMCID: PMC8263261 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8819538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm droppings are the product of mulberry leaves digested by silkworm intestines, which are an important medicinal resource in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The contents of total fat, fat acids, crude protein, amino acids, and secondary metabolites of obtained mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings were analyzed by HPLC, GC-MS, and UHPLC-Q-TOF MS. The target genes and enriched pathways related to significantly changed compositions between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings were analyzed by network pharmacology. High unsaturated C18 : 3 fatty acids were transformed to low unsaturated C18 : 1 from mulberry leaves to silkworm droppings. Only lysine and 17 mini-peptides had significantly higher content in silkworm droppings than in mulberry leaves. There were 36 common target genes or the different compounds between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. The main pathways of mulberry leaf were enriched in antivirus and anticancer properties, while the pathways of silkworm droppings were enriched in hormone regulation and signal transduction.
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Hafez SMNA, Elbassuoni E, Abdelzaher WY, Welson NN, Batiha GES, Alzahrani KJ, Abdelbaky FAF. Efficacy of vitamin E in protection against methotrexate induced placental injury in albino rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111637. [PMID: 33965732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MXT) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has been used in a wide range of clinical practices. Unfortunately, the administration of MXT during pregnancy may induce abortion, fetal deformities, and intrauterine growth retardation. Vitamin E is an antioxidant agent that can ameliorate free radical damage. The current work aimed to shed more light on the possible protective effect of vitamin E against MXT induced placental toxicity and to determine the possible mechanisms; biochemically, histologically, and immunohistochemically. Four groups were used: control pregnant, Vitamin E (VIT E) pregnant, Methotrexate (MXT) pregnant, and Vitamin E Methotrexate (VIT E-MXT) pregnant. The placental tissues were processed for light, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study. Other samples were obtained for biochemical study; the placental oxidant/antioxidant status was evaluated. The results showed that MXT caused various placental morphological changes in the form of distorted chorionic projection with an accumulation of hemosiderin granules in the trophoblastic cells. Maternal blood vessels showed a homogenous acidophilic material Edema of the extra-embryonic fetal membranes was noticed. A significant decreased in placental weight as well as increase in the oxidative and inflammatory markers were detected. Increased COX2 and decreased eNOS expressions were observed in the MXT group if compared to the control group. VIT E significantly restored the normal histological and immunohistochemical appearance, placental weight, and oxidant/antioxidant balance. It could be concluded the biochemical, morphological, and morphometric findings suggested that vitamin E coadministration is promising in attenuating the placental toxic effect of methotrexate. In this study, VIT E decreased the inflammatory and oxidative stress effect of methotrexate on the placental tissue by enhancing the level of eNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt.
| | | | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt.
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
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Ghorbani A, Hooshmand S. Protective Effects of Morus nigra and Its Phytochemicals against Hepatotoxicity: A Review of Preclinical Studies. Pharmacology 2021; 106:233-243. [PMID: 33849010 DOI: 10.1159/000515032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our liver has a variety of vital functions including removing poisons, storing energy, immunological roles, and secretory and excretory functions. It may face some kinds of diseases caused by viruses, hepatotoxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and inherited disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation are in the core of mechanisms of liver damages induced by viruses or chemical agents. SUMMARY Morus nigra (M. nigra), generally known as black mulberry, exhibited wide-spectrum pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, antinociceptive, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. Different parts of this plant particularly the fruit and leaf have shown beneficial effects on hepatocytes in cell culture and animal models of liver damages induced by chemicals (e.g., CCl4), drugs (e.g., paracetamol), diet (e.g., high fat), diabetes, etc. The beneficial effects of M. nigra on the liver are attributed to the presence of considerable amounts of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. The present review is aimed to focus on the hepatoprotective activities of M. nigra and its phytochemicals and the mechanisms responsible for these activities. Key Messages: The evidence reviewed in this study can help design clinical trials on M. nigra in patients with liver disorders and develop a hepatoprotective herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hooshmand
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ignat MV, Coldea TE, Salanță LC, Mudura E. Plants of the Spontaneous Flora with Beneficial Action in the Management of Diabetes, Hepatic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disease. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:216. [PMID: 33498684 PMCID: PMC7911329 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current pharmacological agents advised for the management of diabetes as well as cardiovascular and hepatic diseases are subject to numerous studies for safety and efficacy. Therefore, it is worth looking into alternative therapeutic aids such as natural products of medicinal plants. By a broad review of in vitro and in vivo studies on the various dandelion, chicory, and mulberry extracts, this work highlights their bioactive compounds and therapeutic action when used as a prevention and management aid in public health such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hepatic disorders like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Natural products of dandelion leaves and root extracts can suppress the development of liver cancer, decrease insulin resistance, and suppress total triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Recent studies on mulberry leaves extracts indicated that they could decrease palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity, increase total cholesterol and bile acid excretion, improve superoxide dismutase expression, and improve insulin resistance. Chicory root extracts boost satiety, reverse insulin resistance, and augment lipid metabolism thanks to their contents in chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and polysaccharides. Taraxacum officinale L., Morus nigra L., and Cichorium intybus L. present hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic activities and are shown to be advantageous in the management of obesity, dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. These plants are commonly available in the European spontaneous flora and more attention could be paid to their natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valentina Ignat
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
| | - Liana Claudia Salanță
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Elena Mudura
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.V.I.); (T.E.C.)
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20
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Santhakumar P, Roy A, Ganesh MK, Selvaraj J, Prathap L, Babu KY. Ethanolic extract of Capparis decidua fruit ameliorates methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation by modulating nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_402_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Sherif IO, Al-Shaalan NH. Hepatoprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract against methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity via targeting STAT3/miRNA-21 axis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1723-1731. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1862859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman O. Sherif
- Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nora H. Al-Shaalan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yilmaz S, Ergün S, Yigit M, Yilmaz E, Ahmadifar E. Dietary supplementation of black mulberry (Morus nigra) syrup improves the growth performance, innate immune response, antioxidant status, gene expression responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:211-217. [PMID: 33007366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of black mulberry (Morus nigra) syrup supplementation on growth performance, hematological, serum biochemical, innate immune parameters, immune and antioxidant related gene expression responses, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain black mulberry syrup at levels of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0%. Fish were fed experimental diets for 60 days. Dietary black mulberry syrup increased activities of serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and increased the expression levels of immune-related genes (interleukin 1, beta, tumor necrosis factor, immunoglobulin M, interferon gamma and heat shock protein 70) in the spleen and antioxidant-related genes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) in the liver of fish fed especially with 1.5%, 2.0%, and 3.0% black mulberry syrup supplemented diets. Furthermore, at 2.0% incorporation level, growth performance increased. The findings of the present study indicate that Nile tilapia fed with diet containing 2.0% black mulberry might be adequate to improve the growth performance, innate immune parameters, antioxidant related gene expression responses, and disease resistance against Aeromonas veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevdan Yilmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey.
| | - Sebahattin Ergün
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkey
| | - Murat Yigit
- Department of Marine Technology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ebru Yilmaz
- Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Aquaculture, 09100 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ehsan Ahmadifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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The Great Healing Potential Hidden in Plant Preparations of Antioxidant Properties: A Return to Nature? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8163868. [PMID: 33101592 PMCID: PMC7569450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8163868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of chemicals in industry and agriculture has contributed to environmental pollution and exposure of living organisms to harmful factors. The development of new pharmaceutical agents enabled successful therapy of various diseases, but their administration may be connected with side effects. Oxidative stress has been found to be involved into etiology of numerous diseases as well as harmful action of drugs and chemicals. For some time, plant origin substances have been studied as potential protective agents alleviating toxicity of various substances and symptoms of diseases. The aim of the current review was to present the diversity of the research performed during the last five years on animal models. The outcomes showed a huge protective potential inherent in plant preparations, including alleviating prooxidative processes, strengthening antioxidant defence, ameliorating immune parameters, and reversing histopathological changes. In many cases, plant origin substances were proved to be comparable or even better than standard drugs. Such findings let us suggest that in the future the plant preparations could make adjuvants or a replacement for pharmaceutical agents. However, the detailed research regarding dose and way of administration as well as the per se effects needs to be performed. In many studies, the last issue was not studied, and in some cases, the deleterious effects have been observed.
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Abouzed TK, Sadek KM, Ghazy EW, Abdo W, Kassab MA, Hago S, Abdel-Wahab S, Mahrous EA, Abdel-Sattar E, Assar DH. Black mulberry fruit extract alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats: targeting TNF-α inflammatory pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1615-1628. [PMID: 32754951 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the effect of Morus nigra fruit extract in retarding the progression of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Diabetic male Wistar rats were injected with black mulberry fruit extract (BMFE) at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. After 4 weeks, microalbuminuria was estimated in addition to serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, creatinine and albumin. KEY FINDINGS The study revealed a significant amelioration of all the measured parameters in diabetic animals. In addition, MDA, lipid peroxide levels and catalase activity were also improved. The histopathological examination of kidney tissues revealed significant improvement of the pathological changes and glomerular sclerosis in diabetic rats treated with BMFE. Treated rats showed downregulation of TNF-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and fibronectin mRNA expression. CONCLUSION The ameliorative effect of BMFE on diabetic nephropathy is not only through its potent antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effects but also through its downregulation of TNF-α, VCAM-1 and fibronectin mRNA expression in renal tissues of diabetic-treated rats. Therefore, BMFE as dietary supplement could be a promising agent in improving diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Kamal Abouzed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Kadry M Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Emad Waded Ghazy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohmed Atef Kassab
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Salma Hago
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gezira University, Wad Medani City, Sudan
| | - Samia Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa H Assar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr-Elsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
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Protective effects of hesperidin against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:1405-1417. [PMID: 32103295 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin (HD), a bioflavonoid, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective effects. Our aim is to investigate the possible protective effects of HD against methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that were divided into four groups (10 rats/each) and were exposed to MTX with or without HD co-administration for consecutive 28 days. The results showed that HD significantly ameliorated MTX-induced increase in liver enzymes and histopathological changes. Hepatic oxidative stress was suppressed by HD, as evidenced by the decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), with a concomitant increase in total antioxidant activity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Moreover, co-administration of HD with MTX remarkably upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 compared with the MTX group. By the decrease in nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) pathway and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), HD obviously attenuated inflammatory response in MTX-lesioned livers. Likewise, the downregulation of P53 by HD could explain its antiapoptotic effects as indicated by increase BCl2 and the significant decrease of caspase-9 mRNA expression as compared with the MTX group. Thus, these findings revealed the hepatoprotective nature of HD against MTX hepatotoxicity by attenuating the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators and improving antioxidant aptitude.
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Adikwu E, Ebinyo N. Potential Therapeutic Activities of Melatonin and Alpha Lipoic Acid on Methotrexate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.32527/2020/101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Inhibitory activity of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract against testicular, liver and kidney toxicity induced by paracetamol in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:1733-1749. [PMID: 31983015 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Black mulberry (Morus nigra) leaves is broadly used in traditional medicine worldwide. However, there are no scientific reports regarding testicular protection, hepato-and nephroprotective activities of M. nigra leaves. The present investigation was assessed the protective mechanism by which methanol extract from M. nigra leaves suppressed the damaging effects induced by paracetamol (APAP) in different mouse tissues. Male mice were orally given APAP (500 mg/kg) with or without M. nigra extract (150, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for four consecutive days. The results showed that crude extract possessed potent antioxidant activity (EC50 = 42.97 µg extract/mL) due to the presence of a high amount of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, and rutin were isolated from the n-butanol fraction of M. nigra extract. Unexpectedly, oral administration of APAP did not induce chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow; however, it produced damaging effects on testis, liver, and kidney tissues. Interestingly, M. nigra extract suppressed APAP-induced genotoxicity by lowering meiotic chromosomal aberrations in spermatocytes, morphological sperm abnormalities, and % DNA damage in comet tail in the liver and kidney tissues. The altered levels of glutathione S transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, liver, and kidney functions were significantly reversed when M. nigra was given to APAP group. The restoring of the histo-architectural distortions and decreasing over-expression of p53 protein as determined by immunohistochemistry in the liver, kidney, and testis sections were strengthened the protective activity of M. nigra extract. Conclusion, the bioactive components in the leaves of black mulberry appear to be a good candidate for genetic protection, treatment of oxidative stress-induced organotoxicity.
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Zoofishan Z, Kúsz N, Csorba A, Tóth G, Hajagos-Tóth J, Kothencz A, Gáspár R, Hunyadi A. Antispasmodic Activity of Prenylated Phenolic Compounds from the Root Bark of Morus nigra. Molecules 2019; 24:E2497. [PMID: 31288489 PMCID: PMC6659382 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Black mulberry is a widely acknowledged ancient traditional medicine. Its extract and constituents have been reported to exert various bioactivities including antimicrobial, hypotensive, analgesic etc. effects. While black mulberry preparations are also used as antispasmodic agents in folk medicine, no related studies are available on its isolated constituents. Through an extensive chromatographic purification, seven phenolic compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Morus nigra root bark, including morusin (1), kuwanon U (2), kuwanon E (3), moracin P (4), moracin O (5), albanol A (6), and albanol B (7). A complete NMR signal assignment of moracin P and O was achieved, and related literature errors confusing the identity of moracin derivatives are hereby clarified. Compounds 2, 5 and 7 were identified as strong antispasmodic agents on isolated rat ileum and tracheal smooth muscles, while compound 3, a methoxy derivative of 2, was inactive. Moracin O (5) inhibited the ileal and tracheal smooth muscle contractions with Emax values of 85% and 302 mg, respectively. Those actions were superior as compared with papaverine. Our findings demonstrate that prenylated arylbenzofurans, geranylated flavonoids and Diels-Alder adducts from Morus nigra are valuable antispasmodic agents. Compounds 2, 5 and 7 are suggested as marker compounds for quality control of antispasmodic mulberry preparations. Moracin O (5) is a new lead compound for related drug development initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoofishan Zoofishan
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Csorba
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- NMR Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért Sq. 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Hajagos-Tóth
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-670 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Kothencz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-670 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gáspár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-670 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Hunyadi
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Pharmacological Properties of Morus nigra L. (Black Mulberry) as A Promising Nutraceutical Resource. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020437. [PMID: 30791521 PMCID: PMC6412198 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry plants belonging to the Moraceae family have been grown for the purpose of being the nutrient source for silk worm and raw materials for the preparation of jams, marmalades, vinegars, juices, wines, and cosmetics. Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) is native to Southwestern Asia, and it has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for animals and humans. In this article, recent research progress on various biological and pharmacological properties of extracts, fractions, and isolated active constituents from different parts of M. nigra are reviewed. M. nigra exhibited a wide-spectrum of biological and pharmacological therapeutic effects including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. M. nigra also showed protective effects against various human organs and systems, mainly based on its antioxidant capacity. These findings strongly suggest that M. nigra can be used as a promising nutraceutical resource to control and prevent various chronic diseases.
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Rodrigues EL, Marcelino G, Silva GT, Figueiredo PS, Garcez WS, Corsino J, Guimarães RDCA, Freitas KDC. Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020301. [PMID: 30646503 PMCID: PMC6358891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many populations use medicinal plants as a therapeutic treatment, due to their lower cost and greater access. Among the plant species used for medicinal purposes are those of the genus Morus. The most known species are Morus alba, rubra, and nigra. This review aims to collect data from the literature, predominantly from cell and animal studies, which presents a possible nutraceutical and medicinal potential of the species Morus for use in metabolic dysfunctions. The fruits and leaves of mulberry are used for therapeutic purposes. For scientific confirmation of these effects, they were studied for laxative properties, antibacterial activity, anti-atherogenic activity, and hepatoprotective function. Furthermore, the genus Morus is recognized for the treatment and prevention of diabetes mellitus, through its hypoglycemic action. It may also provide health benefits through immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive effects. It has been found that the Morus species have phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that act as important antioxidants and promote beneficial effects on human health. These phytochemical compounds differ among species. Blackberry (Morus nigra) are rich in flavonoids, while the white mulberry (Morus alba) has low concentrations of flavonoids and anthocyanins. In addition, another important factor is to ensure a complete exemption of toxic risks in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown no toxic effects by the administration of extracts of Morus species. Thus, the mulberry tree presents nutraceutical potential. It is therefore a promising alternative for medicinal products based on medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisana Lima Rodrigues
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Torres Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Corsino
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, MS 79079-900, Brazil.
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Famurewa AC, Aja PM, Nwankwo OE, Awoke JN, Maduagwuna EK, Aloke C. Moringa oleifera seed oil or virgin coconut oil supplementation abrogates cerebral neurotoxicity induced by antineoplastic agent methotrexate by suppression of oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation in rats. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12748. [PMID: 31353570 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective antineoplastic drug associated with wide organ toxicity. Accumulating evidence implicates oxidative stress to be a leading underlying mechanism of MTX-induced neurotoxicity. The study explores antioxidant potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO) or Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOO) in MTX-induced oxidative stress-mediated cerebral neurotoxicity and inflammation in rats. Rats treated with VCO or MOO (5 ml/kg bw) for 17 days were administered MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on day 14 only. Cerebral activities of acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels as well as cytokines were evaluated. MTX-induced neurotoxic alterations were significantly abrogated by MOO and VCO supplementation via inhibition of cholinesterase, oxidative stress, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. VCO and MOO showed comparable antioxidant potentials with the standards in DPPH and FRAP assays. VCO and MOO are promising natural oils for modulating MTX neurotoxicity in cancer patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Methotrexate chemotherapy induces neurotoxicity in cancer patients, and this is a source of worry for clinicians. This study reports, for the first time, the beneficial health effects of functional food oils, Moringa oleifera seed oil, and virgin coconut oil against anticancer drug methotrexate-induced cerebral neurotoxicity. Supplementation of these natural oils may be beneficial in the prevention of cerebral neurotoxic side effect in cancer patients undergoing methotrexate chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M Aja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onyebuchi E Nwankwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Joshua N Awoke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Chinyere Aloke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
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Mallhi TH, Qadir MI, Khan YH. Determination of phytoconstituents of n-hexane extract of leaves of Morus nigra and evaluation of their effects on biochemical and histopathological parameters in paracetamol intoxicated mice liver. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000318101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Black Mulberry ( Morus nigra L.) in a Model of LPS-Induced Sepsis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5048031. [PMID: 30524657 PMCID: PMC6247390 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5048031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a complex disease and is the cause of many deaths worldwide. Sepsis pathogenesis involves a dysregulated inflammatory response with consequent production of inflammatory mediators and reactive species. The production and excessive release of these substances into the systemic circulation trigger various cellular and metabolic alterations that are observed during the disease evolution. Thus, more studies have been carried out to investigate the therapeutic potential of plants such as Morus nigra L., popularly known as black mulberry. Studies have shown that plants belonging to the Morus genus are rich in secondary metabolites such as flavonoids which are associated with important biological activities as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Based on this context, the objective of our study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Morus nigra L. in a sepsis model induced by LPS. Male C57BL/6 mice were distributed in four groups: control, sepsis, sepsis treated with leaf extract of mulberry, and sepsis treated with mulberry pulp. The animals were treated with 100 μL of their respective treatments for twenty-one days. Sepsis was induced at the 21st day with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intraperitoneal injection. The animals were euthanized 24 hours after receiving the LPS injection. The data obtained were analyzed in GraphPad Prism 6.0 software. Our results showed that treatment with either extract significantly decreased the number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum levels of TNF in septic animals. Regarding the redox status, the treatments significantly decreased the antioxidant activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Regarding metalloproteinase type 2, it was observed that the treatment with black mulberry pulp was able to significantly reduce the activity of this enzyme concerning the sepsis group. Finally, these results together promoted an increase in the animal's survival that received the black mulberry leaf or pulp extract.
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Figueredo KC, Guex CG, Reginato FZ, Haas da Silva AR, Cassanego GB, Lhamas CL, Boligon AA, Lopes GHH, de Freitas Bauermann L. Safety assessment of Morus nigra L. leaves: Acute and subacute oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:290-296. [PMID: 29772355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Morus nigra L. is a plant native to Asia, and well adapted to the Brazilian climate. It is popularly known as "amoreira preta", and is part of the National List of Plants of Interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System. It is used in folk medicine mainly to soften the effects of menopause, as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antihypertensive. However, information on safe doses and use is still precarious. AIM OF THE STUDY To identify the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract of Morus nigra L. leaves (EEMN), as well as perform a toxicological study in male and female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of the extract was performed by HPLC/DAD. In the acute study, the dose administered was 2000 mg/kg, and signs of toxicity and mortality was observed. In the sub-acute study, the extract was administered at doses of 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. Behavioral changes, object recognition test, renal and hepatic tissue assessments, biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. The extract was administered orally to male and female rats in both studies. RESULTS Quercetin and caffeic acid showed as major compounds in the extract. In the acute treatment, the extract was classified as safe (category 5), according to the protocol. In the subacute study, there was a decrease in AST in males (750 and 1000 mg/kg) and females (1000 mg/kg), reduction of total cholesterol in females (750 and 1000 mg/kg), and increase in renal and hepatic change the LPO levels. CONCLUSION The present investigation showed that EEMN did not present significant toxic effects when administered orally. Moreover, presented a potentially protective action of organs and possesses hypocholesterolemic activity, thus, it is shown as a promising natural source to be used in pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassia Caroline Figueredo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camille Gaube Guex
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ziegler Reginato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cibele Lima Lhamas
- Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Dhanyalakshmi KH, Nataraja KN. Mulberry (Morus spp.) has the features to treat as a potential perennial model system. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1491267. [PMID: 30047827 PMCID: PMC6149411 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1491267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus spp.), a commercially exploited tree species as the host of monophagous pest silk worm (Bombyx mori), belongs to the family Moraceae. The domesticated tree has diverse beneficial characters such as traits associated with rapid growth and biomass production, plant insect/microbe interaction, abiotic stress tolerance and the traits associated with nutritional and medicinal values; some of which have been exploited. Draft genome of Morus notabilis has been sequenced and a large volume of transcriptome and genomic resources have been generated. In this review an attempt has been made to examine the options for considering mulberry as another tree model system to study unique traits associated with perennial systems. The diverse traits and features in mulberry suggest that the system can be a "comprehensive trait integrated tree system" quite different from other model tree systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Dhanyalakshmi
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - K. N. Nataraja
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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Famurewa AC, Folawiyo AM, Enohnyaket EB, Azubuike-Osu SO, Abi I, Obaje SG, Famurewa OA. Beneficial role of virgin coconut oil supplementation against acute methotrexate chemotherapy-induced oxidative toxicity and inflammation in rats. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:257-263. [PMID: 30271714 PMCID: PMC6160495 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used antineoplastic and anti-rheumatoid agent whose efficacy is limited by marked organ toxicities associated with oxidative stress. The study investigated beneficial effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplementation on MTX-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Methods Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Control, MTX (20 mg/kg bw), VCO (5%) + MTX and VCO (15%) + MTX. The pre-treatment with VCO for 14 days was followed by single intraperitoneal injection of MTX and the rats were sacrificed after 3 days. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were also evaluated. Results MTX induced a distinct diminution in serum activities of oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH), while lipid peroxidation considerably increased demonstrated by MDA level. Similarly, levels of IL-6, CRP and NO increased prominently in MTX control rats. The VCO supplementation markedly enhanced resistance to the MTX-induced biochemical alterations in rats. Conclusion VCO can be a useful adjuvant natural product in MTX chemotherapy by reducing oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Abiola M Folawiyo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth B Enohnyaket
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Sharon O Azubuike-Osu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Abi
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Sunday G Obaje
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi A Famurewa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
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Famurewa AC, Folawiyo AM, Epete MA, Igwe EC, Okike PI, Maduagwuna EK. Abrogation of Hepatic Damage Induced by Anticancer Drug Methotrexate by Zobo (Hibiscus sabdariffaextract) Supplementation via Targeting Oxidative Hepatotoxicity in Rats. J Diet Suppl 2018; 16:318-330. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1456502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ademola C. Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Abiola M. Folawiyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Michael A. Epete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Emeka C. Igwe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Paul I. Okike
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ekenechukwu K. Maduagwuna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Cavalcante A, Lins T, Santos J, Barros V, Monte A, Barberino RS, Almeida J, Matos M. Supplemented Morus nigra extract-based medium associated with FSH enables the survival and growth of isolated ovine secondary ovarian follicles. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:423-432. [PMID: 29265671 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Morus nigra ethanolic extract, without or with addition of supplements associated or not with FSH, on in vitro culture of ovine secondary follicles were evaluated. In experiment 1, isolated secondary follicles were cultured for 12 days in α-MEM alone (control) or in different concentrations of M. nigra extract (MN 0.025; 0.05 or 0.1 mg/ml). In experiment 2, culture media were α-MEM supplemented with BSA, insulin, transferrin, selenium, glutamine, hypoxanthine and ascorbic acid (α-MEM+ ) or this medium associated with FSH (α-MEM+ + FSH), or 0.1 mg/ml M. nigra without supplements (MN 0.1) or supplemented (MN 0.1+ ) without or with FSH (MN 0.1+ + FSH). In experiment 1, 0.1 mg/ml M. nigra showed the highest percentages (p < .05) of normal follicles and fully grown oocytes, besides a higher follicular diameter than α-MEM and other M. nigra extract concentrations. Moreover, MN 0.1 showed lower (p < .05) glutathione (GSH) levels and similar (p > .05) mitochondrial activity compared to α-MEM. In experiment 2, MN 0.1+ + FSH showed similar results (p > .05) to α-MEM+ + FSH for all parameters evaluated, except for the daily growth rate, which was higher (p < .05) in MN 0.1+ + FSH. The GSH levels were higher in MEM+ than all treatments. In addition, oocytes from follicles cultured in MN 0.1+ + FSH showed ability to resume meiosis. In conclusion, M. nigra extract (0.1 mg/ml) added by supplements and FSH can be an efficient medium for ovine secondary follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayp Cavalcante
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tlbg Lins
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jms Santos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Vrp Barros
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Apo Monte
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R S Barberino
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jrgs Almeida
- Center for Studies and Research on Medicinal Plants, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mht Matos
- Nucleus of Biotechnology Applied to Ovarian Follicle Development, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Hussain F, Rana Z, Shafique H, Malik A, Hussain Z. Phytopharmacological potential of different species of Morus alba and their bioactive phytochemicals: A review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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de Freitas MM, Fontes PR, Souza PM, William Fagg C, Neves Silva Guerra E, de Medeiros Nóbrega YK, Silveira D, Fonseca-Bazzo Y, Simeoni LA, Homem-de-Mello M, Oliveira Magalhães P. Extracts of Morus nigra L. Leaves Standardized in Chlorogenic Acid, Rutin and Isoquercitrin: Tyrosinase Inhibition and Cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163130. [PMID: 27655047 PMCID: PMC5031429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a process responsible for melanin production, which is stored in melanocytes containing tyrosinase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a target in the cosmetics industry, since it controls undesirable skin conditions such as hyperpigmentation due to the overproduction of melanin. Species of the Morus genus are known for the beneficial uses offered in different parts of its plants, including tyrosinase inhibition. Thus, this project aimed to study the inhibitory activity of tyrosinase by extracts from Morus nigra leaves as well as the characterization of its chromatographic profile and cytotoxicity in order to become a new therapeutic option from a natural source. M. nigra leaves were collected, pulverized, equally divided into five batches and the standardized extract was obtained by passive maceration. There was no significant difference between batches for total solids content, yield and moisture content, which shows good reproducibility of the extraction process. Tyrosinase enzymatic activity was determined for each batch, providing the percentage of enzyme inhibition and IC50 values obtained by constructing dose-response curves and compared to kojic acid, a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. High inhibition of tyrosinase activity was observed (above 90% at 15.625 μg/mL). The obtained IC50 values ranged from 5.00 μg/mL ± 0.23 to 8.49 μg/mL ± 0.59 and were compared to kojic acid (3.37 μg/mL ± 0.65). High Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin and, its major compound, isoquercitrin. The chromatographic method employed was validated according to ICH guidelines and the extract was standardized using these polyphenols as markers. Cytotoxicity, assessed by MTT assay, was not observed on murine melanomas, human keratinocytes and mouse fibroblasts in tyrosinase IC50 values. This study demonstrated the potential of M. nigra leaf extract as a promising whitening agent of natural source against skin hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Medeiros de Freitas
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Pedro Ribeiro Fontes
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Paula Monteiro Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Christopher William Fagg
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, School of Pharmacy, Ceilândia Campus, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Department of Odontology, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega
- Immunogenetic and Chronic-degenerative Diseases Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Damaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Yris Fonseca-Bazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maurício Homem-de-Mello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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