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Wang X, Cao L, Tang J, Deng J, Hao E, Bai G, Tang PL, Yang J, Li H, Yao L, He C, Hou X. Research on the Mechanism and Material Basis of Corn ( Zea mays L.) Waste Regulating Dyslipidemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:868. [PMID: 39065719 PMCID: PMC11279488 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is an essential gramineous food crop. Traditionally, corn wastes have primarily been used in feed, harmless processing, and industrial applications. Except for corn silk, these wastes have had limited medicinal uses. However, in recent years, scholars have increasingly studied the medicinal value of corn wastes, including corn silk, bracts, husks, stalks, leaves, and cobs. Hyperlipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid and/or lipoprotein levels in the blood, is the most common form of dyslipidemia today. It is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and can lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases if severe. According to the authors' literature survey, corn wastes play a promising role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. This article reviews the mechanisms and material basis of six different corn wastes in regulating dyslipidemia, aiming to provide a foundation for the research and development of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Lewei Cao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jiajun Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pei Ling Tang
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia
| | - Jieyi Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Huaying Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Lihao Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Cuiwei He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China; (X.W.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
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Egea MB, De Sousa TL, Dos Santos DC, De Oliveira Filho JG, Guimarães RM, Yoshiara LY, Lemes AC. Application of Soy, Corn, and Bean By-products in the Gluten-free Baking Process: A Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Oleszek M, Kowalska I, Bertuzzi T, Oleszek W. Phytochemicals Derived from Agricultural Residues and Their Valuable Properties and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:342. [PMID: 36615534 PMCID: PMC9823944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues as a source of high-value by-products is very important. The main objective of the paper is a review of the newest studies on biologically active compounds included in non-edible parts of crops with the highest amount of waste generated annually in the world. The review also provides the newest data on the chemical and biological properties, as well as the potential application of phytochemicals from such waste. The review shows that, in 2020, there were above 6 billion tonnes of residues only from the most popular crops. The greatest amount is generated during sugar, oil, and flour production. All described residues contain valuable phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial and very often anti-cancer activity. Many studies show interesting applications, mainly in pharmaceuticals and food production, but also in agriculture and wastewater remediation, as well as metal and steel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- DIANA, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (Cultivar Okhwang 1) Callus through Inhibition of PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophages. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the Korean endemic plants, Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (Oleaceae), contains acteoside, which is a glycoside exhibiting neuroprotective, anti-inflammation effects and antibacterial capacities. We conducted an investigation on the effects of the callus of A. distichum (cultivar Okhwang 1, CAO) on pro-inflammatory mediators released following nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K-Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Immunoblotting was employed to find out the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), and activation of MAPK molecules, NF-κB and Akt. Cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS gene expression were assessed using polymerase chain reaction techniques. Cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS gene expression were assessed using polymerase chain reaction techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that CAO was rich in acteoside and isoacteoside. As a result, CAO inhibited the generation of NO, cytokines, COX-2, and iNOS expression. Further, translocation to the nuclear of NF-κB p65 and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-кB (IкB) were alleviated by suppressing phosphorylation. Additionally, CAO significantly impacted MAPK pathway activation by potentially reducing phosphorylation of MAPKs. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of CAO is mediated via the inhibition of MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways, probably via glycosides, phenolics, and flavonoids bioactivity derived from plants. CAO can serve as a potential anti-inflammatory agent, which alleviates inflammation factors and act through specific cell signaling pathways.
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Analysis of metabolites and metabolic pathways in three maize (Zea mays L.) varieties from the same origin using GC-MS. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17990. [PMID: 33093508 PMCID: PMC7581747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites of the Jinyu 88, Huanong 18, and Demeiya 9 maize varieties from the same origin were isolated and identified by GC–MS, and the specific metabolites and metabolic mechanisms of these three varieties of maize were preliminarily analysed and discussed. The metabolites were extracted with 80% methanol and derived with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide. A total of 59 metabolites were identified. The specific metabolites of these three varieties of maize were identified. Four possible unknown-structure metabolites were hypothesized. The results showed that the specific metabolites of JY88 were only involved in fatty acid metabolism. The specific metabolites of HN18 were determined to be involved in fatty acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and phytosterol metabolism. The specific metabolites of DM9 were observed to participate in glucose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. The disease resistance of HN18 was higher than that of DM9, and its grain bulk density was higher than that of DM9. JY88 was determined to be significantly different from the other two varieties, and its appearance and disease resistance were worse than those of the other two varieties. The variety with the highest nutritional value was determined to be HN18, and the variety with the lowest nutritional value was JY88. This finding indicated that different maize varieties from the same origin had different metabolites and different metabolic mechanisms, which caused the three maize varieties to exhibit different characteristics and qualities.
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Ramos-Ramos M, Rodríguez-Castillejos G, Santiago-Adame R, Alemán-Castillo SE, Castillo-Ruiz O, Perales-Torres AL. Production and characterization of a snack based on maize flour and Atlantic mackerel ( Scomber scombrus). CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1690584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramos-Ramos
- Department of Nutrition and Food at Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
| | - Guadalupe Rodríguez-Castillejos
- Food Technology Laboratory at Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
| | - Rubén Santiago-Adame
- Department of Chemical Engineering at Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
| | - Sanjuana Elizabeth Alemán-Castillo
- Department of Nutrition and Food at Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
| | - Octelina Castillo-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food at Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
| | - Adriana Leticia Perales-Torres
- Department of Nutrition and Food at Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, México
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Magaña Cerino J, Peniche Pavía H, Tiessen A, Gurrola Díaz C. Pigmented Maize (Zea mays L.) Contains Anthocyanins with Potential Therapeutic Action Against Oxidative Stress - A Review. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/113272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Nwanya AC, Ndipingwi MM, Mayedwa N, Razanamahandry L, Ikpo CO, Waryo T, Ntwampe S, Malenga E, Fosso-Kankeu E, Ezema FI, Iwuoha EI, Maaza M. Maize (Zea mays L.) fresh husk mediated biosynthesis of copper oxides: Potentials for pseudo capacitive energy storage. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Inhibitory Effects of Prunella vulgaris L. Extract on 11 β-HSD1 in Human Skin Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1762478. [PMID: 30402116 PMCID: PMC6193348 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1762478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are a risk factor for age-induced skin structure and function defects, and the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1), represents a promising therapeutic target. Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a perennial and an edible herbaceous plant normally cultivated in Asia and Europe. A recent study demonstrated a broad range of biological activities of PV including immune modulatory, antiviral, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic. However, little is known about the inhibitory effect of PV on 11β-HSD1. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Prunella vulgaris L. extract (PVE) and the underlying mechanism of 11β-HSD11 inhibition. Consistent with these results, cortisol levels were also reduced by PVE in vitro. The cortisone-induced translocation of glucocorticoids receptor (GR) was also attenuated. In addition, PVE inhibited a cortisone-mediated decrease in collagen content in skin. Collectively, these results suggest the beneficial effects of PVE in maintaining skin integrity.
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Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Haque MA, Kumolosasi E. Anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. through inhibition of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in LPS-induced human macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:224. [PMID: 30045725 PMCID: PMC6060475 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Phyllanthus amarus has been used widely in various traditional medicines to treat swelling, sores, jaundice, inflammatory diseases, kidney disorders, diabetes and viral hepatitis, while its pharmacological and biochemical mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory properties have not been well investigated. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of 80% ethanolic extract of P. amarus on pro-inflammatory mediators release in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB), mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced U937 human macrophages. Methods The release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in a culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. Determination of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and the activation of MAPKs molecules (JNK, ERK and p38 MAPK), NF-κB and Akt in LPS-induced U937 human macrophages were investigated by immunoblot technique. The relative gene expression levels of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by using qRT-PCR. The major metabolites of P. amarus were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in the extract by using validated reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Results P. amarus extract significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2) and COX-2 protein expression in LPS-induced U937 human macrophages. P. amarus-pretreatment also significantly downregulated the increased mRNA transcription of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2) in respective LPS-induced U937 macrophages. It downregulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB (p65), IκBα, and IKKα/β and restored the degradation of IκBα, and attenuated the expression of Akt, JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPKs phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. P. amarus extract also downregulated the expression of upstream signaling molecules, TLR4 and MyD88, which play major role in activation of NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The quantitative amounts of lignans, phyllanthin, hypophyllahtin and niranthin, and polyphenols, gallic acid, geraniin, corilagin, and ellagic acid in the extract were determined by HPLC analysis. Conclusion The study revealed that P. amarus targeted the NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways to exert its anti- inflammatory effects by downregulating the prospective inflammatory signaling mediators. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2289-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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