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Faundes-Gandolfo N, Jara-Gutiérrez C, Párraga M, Montenegro I, Vera W, Escobar M, Madrid A, Valenzuela-Valderrama M, Villena J. Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Leaf ethanolic extract exerts selective anticancer activity through ROS-induced apoptotic cell death in human cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:269. [PMID: 39010075 PMCID: PMC11247786 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (K. pinnata), a succulent plant native to tropical regions, are used as a medicinal alternative against cancer in several countries worldwide; however, its therapeutic potential to fight cancer has been little addressed. In this study, we analyzed the phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and selectivity of K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract against different human cancer cell lines in vitro. METHODOLOGY This study subjected the ethanolic extract to enzymatic assays to quantify the phytochemical content (phenolics, flavonoids, and anthraquinones) and its radical scavenging and iron-reducing capacities. Also, the phytoconstituents and major phenolic compounds present in the extract's subfractions were identified by GC-MS, HPLC, and NMR. Human cancer (MCF-7, PC-3, HT-29) and normal colon (CoN) cell lines were treated with different concentrations of K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract, and the changes in cell proliferation (sulforhodamine B assay), caspases activity (FITC-VAD-FMK reporter), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, rhodamine 123 assay), chromatin condensation/fragmentation (Hoechst 33342 stain), and ROS generation (DCFH2 probe assay) were assessed. RESULTS The results showed that the K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract is rich in phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential, including phenols (quercetin and kaempferol), flavonoids, fatty acid esters (34.6% of the total composition), 1- triacontanol and sterols (ergosterol and stigmasterol, 15.4% of the total composition); however, it presents a poor content of antioxidant molecules (IC50 = 27.6 mg/mL for H2O2 scavenging activity vs. 2.86 mg/mL in the case of Trolox). Notably, the extract inhibited cell proliferation and reduced MMP in all human cell lines tested but showed selectivity for HT-29 colon cancer cells compared to CoN normal cells (SI = 8.4). Furthermore, ROS generation, caspase activity, and chromatin condensation/fragmentation were augmented significantly in cancer-derived cell lines, indicating a selective cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that the K. pinnata leaf ethanolic extract contains several bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential, capable of displaying selective cytotoxicity in different human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Faundes-Gandolfo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Jara-Gutiérrez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Párraga
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Iván Montenegro
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Obstetricia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química de Metabolitos Bioactivos, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Waleska Vera
- Laboratorio de Química de Metabolitos Bioactivos, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marcela Escobar
- Laboratorio de Química de Metabolitos Bioactivos, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Investigación Farmacopea Chilena, Universidad de Valparaíso, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Madrid
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Manuel Valenzuela-Valderrama
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Joan Villena
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Biomédica e Ingeniería para la Salud (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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de Matos RC, Bitencourt AFA, de Oliveira ADM, Prado VR, Machado RR, Scopel M. Evidence for the efficacy of anti-inflammatory plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine with ethnopharmacological relevance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118137. [PMID: 38574778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE When exacerbated, inflammatory processes can culminate in physical and emotional disorders and, if not stopped, can be lethal. The high prevalence of inflammation has become a public health problem, and the need for new drugs to treat this pathology is imminent. The use of medicinal plants has emerged as an alternative, and a survey of data that corroborates its application in inflammatory diseases is the starting point. Furthermore, Brazil harbors a megadiversity, and the traditional use of plants is relevant and needs to be preserved and carefully explored for the discovery of new medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This review sought to survey the medicinal plants traditionally used in Brazil for the treatment of inflammatory processes and to perform, in an integrative way, a data survey of these species and analysis of their phytochemical, pharmacological, and molecular approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brazilian plants that are traditionally used for inflammation (ophthalmia, throat inflammation, orchitis, urinary tract inflammation, ear inflammation, and inflammation in general) are listed in the DATAPLAMT database. This database contains information on approximately 3400 native plants used by Brazilians, which were registered in specific documents produced until 1950. These inflammatory disorders were searched in scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, Virtual Health Library), with standardization of DECS/MESH descriptors for inflammation in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese, without chronological limitations. For the inclusion criteria, all articles had to be of the evaluated plant species, without association of synthesized substances, and full articles free available in any of the four languages searched. Duplicated articles and those that were not freely available were excluded. RESULTS A total of 126 species were identified, culminating in 6181 articles in the search. After evaluation of the inclusion criteria, 172 articles representing 40 different species and 38 families were included in the study. Comparison of reproducibility in intra-species results became difficult because of the large number of extraction solvents tested and the wide diversity of evaluation models used. Although the number of in vitro and in vivo evaluations was high, only one clinical study was found (Abrus precatorius). In the phytochemical analyses, more than 225 compounds, mostly phenolic compounds, were identified. CONCLUSION This review allowed the grouping of preclinical and clinical studies of several Brazilian species traditionally used for the treatment of many types of inflammation, corroborating new searches for their pharmacological properties as a way to aid public health. Furthermore, the large number of plants that have not yet been studied has encouraged new research to revive traditional knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C de Matos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Especializado Em Plantas Aromáticas, Medicinais e Tóxicas - CEPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua Gustavo da Silveira 1035, Horto, 31.080-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana F A Bitencourt
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandro D M de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa R Prado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renes R Machado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Scopel
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Especializado Em Plantas Aromáticas, Medicinais e Tóxicas - CEPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua Gustavo da Silveira 1035, Horto, 31.080-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Adico MDW, Bayala B, Bunay J, Baron S, Simpore J, Lobaccaro JMA. Contribution of Sub-Saharan African medicinal plants to cancer research: Scientific basis 2013-2023. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107138. [PMID: 38467241 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing worldwide. Cancer treatment remains a real challenge for African countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where funding and resources are very limited. High costs, side effects and drug resistance associated with cancer treatment have encouraged scientists to invest in research into new herbal cancer drugs. In order to identify potential anticancer plants for drug development, this review aims to collect and summarize anticancer activities (in vitro/in vivo) and molecular mechanisms of sub-Saharan African medicinal plant extracts against cancer cell lines. Scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and PubMed were used to search for research articles published from January 2013 to May 2023 on anticancer medicinal plants in sub-Saharan Africa. The data were analyzed to highlight the cytotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of action of these listed plants. A total of 85 research papers covering 204 medicinal plant species were selected for this review. These plants come from 57 families, the most dominant being the plants of the family Amaryllidaceae (16), Fabaceae (14), Annonaceae (10), Asteraceae (10). Plant extracts exert their anticancer activity mainly by inducing apoptosis and stopping the cell cycle of cancer cells. Several plant extracts from sub-Saharan Africa therefore have strong potential for the search for original anticancer phytochemicals. Chemoproteomics, multi-omics, genetic editing technology (CRISPR/Cas9), combined therapies and artificial intelligence tools are cutting edge emerging technologies that facilitate the discovery and structural understanding of anticancer molecules of medicinal plants, reveal their direct targets, explore their therapeutic uses and molecular bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D W Adico
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Bagora Bayala
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso; Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France; Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 376, Koudougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Julio Bunay
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso; Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), 01 BP 216, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Institut Génétique, Reproduction & Développement, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, et Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, Clermont-Ferrand F63001, France.
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Assis de Andrade E, Machinski I, Terso Ventura AC, Barr SA, Pereira AV, Beltrame FL, Strangman WK, Williamson RT. A Review of the Popular Uses, Anatomical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): A Genus of Plants Known as "Miracle Leaf". Molecules 2023; 28:5574. [PMID: 37513446 PMCID: PMC10383218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Kalanchoe have a long history of therapeutic use in ethnomedicine linked to their remarkable healing properties. Several species have chemical and anatomical similarities, often leading to confusion when they are used in folk medicine. This review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the reported traditional uses, botanical aspects, chemical constituents, and pharmacological potential of the Kalanchoe species. Published scientific materials were collected from the PubMed and SciFinder databases without restriction regarding the year of publication through April 2023. Ethnopharmacological knowledge suggests that these species have been used to treat infections, inflammation, injuries, and other disorders. Typically, all parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes either as crude extract or juice. Botanical evaluation can clarify species differentiation and can enable correct identification and validation of the scientific data. Flavonoids are the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified from Kalanchoe species and can be correlated with some biological studies (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential). This review summarizes several topics related to the Kalanchoe genus, supporting future studies regarding other unexplored research areas. The need to conduct further studies to confirm the popular uses and biological activities of bioactive compounds is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Assis de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Isadora Machinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Terso Ventura
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Sarah Ainslie Barr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Airton Vicente Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendy Karen Strangman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Robert Thomas Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
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Venkadassalapathy SD, Ramasamy M, Balashanmugam, Victor DJ, Subramanian S, Praveen JAA, Akbar MAR. In Vitro Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity and Wound Healing Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts from Achyranthes aspera. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S764-S770. [PMID: 37654304 PMCID: PMC10466642 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_175_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) is a most important plant in the Indian medicinal system of Unani, Ayurveda, and Sidha. It is distributed throughout tropical countries particularly this medicinal herb is found as a weed all over India. The antibiotic-resistant bacteria treatment, many medicinal plants act as alternatives to antibiotics and are considered new resources for producing agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and wound-healing potential of methanolic and aqueous extracts of A. aspera. Physio-chemical parameters of A. aspera were screened by qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals and it revealed the existence of saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids in each extract. The methanolic extract showed strong scavenging effects against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical in comparison with the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract of A. aspera was bactericidal at 100 μg/ml concentration against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, the finding suggests A. aspera extract promotes in vitro wound healing by enhancement of Vero cells and has the potential for the treatment of wounds. The study concludes the strong radical scavenging effect of Achyranthes aspera along with remarkable antibacterial and wound healing actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthukumar Ramasamy
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balashanmugam
- Department of Biochemistry, Avigen Biotech Private Limited, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhayanand J. Victor
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sangeetha Subramanian
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Arocika Antony Praveen
- Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Md Abdul Rahim Akbar
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mejía-Méndez JL, Bach H, Lorenzo-Leal AC, Navarro-López DE, López-Mena ER, Hernández LR, Sánchez-Arreola E. Biological Activities and Chemical Profiles of Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Extracts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1943. [PMID: 37653861 PMCID: PMC10223013 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the leaves of Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi were consecutively macerated with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. These extracts were used to assess the bioactivities of the plant. The antimicrobial activity was tested against a panel of Gram-positive and -negative pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains using the microdilution method. The cytotoxicity of K. fedtschenkoi extracts was investigated using human-derived macrophage THP-1 cells through the MTT assay. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts was studied using the same cell line by measuring the secretion of IL-10 and IL-6. The phytoconstituents of hexane and chloroform extracts were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to study the phytochemical content of methanol extract. The total flavonoid content (TFC) of methanol extract is also reported. The chemical composition of K. fedtschenkoi extracts was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results revealed that the chloroform extract inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 150 μg/mL. At the same concentration, methanol extract inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Regarding their cytotoxicity, the three extracts were highly cytotoxic against the tested cell line at IC50 < 3 μg/mL. In addition, the chloroform extract significantly stimulated the secretion of IL-10 at 50 μg/mL (p < 0.01). GC/MS analyses revealed that hexane and chloroform extracts contain fatty acids, sterols, vitamin E, and triterpenes. The HPLC analysis demonstrated that methanol extract was constituted by quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. This is the first report in which the bioactivities and chemical profiles of K. fedtschenkoi are assessed for non-polar and polar extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Mejía-Méndez
- Laboratory in Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andres Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6G 3Z6, Canada; (H.B.); (A.C.L.-L.)
| | - Ana C. Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6G 3Z6, Canada; (H.B.); (A.C.L.-L.)
| | - Diego E. Navarro-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Mexico; (D.E.N.-L.); (E.R.L.-M.)
| | - Edgar R. López-Mena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Guadalajara, Av. Gral. Ramón Corona No 2514, Colonia Nuevo México, Zapopan 45121, Mexico; (D.E.N.-L.); (E.R.L.-M.)
| | - Luis Ricardo Hernández
- Laboratory in Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andres Cholula 72810, Mexico;
| | - Eugenio Sánchez-Arreola
- Laboratory in Phytochemistry Research, Chemical Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Sta. Catarina Mártir S/N, San Andres Cholula 72810, Mexico;
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Hernández-Caballero ME, Sierra-Ramírez JA, Villalobos-Valencia R, Seseña-Méndez E. Potential of Kalanchoe pinnata as a Cancer Treatment Adjuvant and an Epigenetic Regulator. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196425. [PMID: 36234962 PMCID: PMC9573125 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health problem that is related to different environmental and lifestyle factors. Although the combination of screening, prevention, and treatment of cancer has resulted in increased patient survival, conventional treatments sometimes have therapeutic limitations such as resistance to drugs or severe side effects. Oriental culture includes herbal medicine as a complementary therapy in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. This study aimed to identify the bioactive ingredients in Kalanchoe pinnata, a succulent herb with ethnomedical applications for several diseases, including cancer, and reveal its anticancer mechanisms through a molecular approach. The herb contains gallic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, quercetin, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, bersaldegenin, bryophyllin a, bryophyllin c, bryophynol, bryophyllol and bryophollone, stigmasterol, campesterol, and other elements. Its phytochemicals participate in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, angiogenesis, metastasis, oxidative stress, and autophagy. They have the potential to act as epigenetic drugs by reverting the acquired epigenetic changes associated with tumor resistance to therapy-such as the promoter methylation of suppressor genes, inhibition of DNMT1 and DNMT3b activity, and HDAC regulation-through methylation, thereby regulating the expression of genes involved in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/Keap1, MEK/ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. All of the data support the use of K. pinnata as an adjuvant in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Elena Hernández-Caballero
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Biomedicina, 13 sur 2702 Col. Volcanes, Puebla C.P. 72410, Mexico
- Correspondence: or
| | - José Alfredo Sierra-Ramírez
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón Esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Villalobos-Valencia
- UMAE Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Cd México C.P. 06725, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Seseña-Méndez
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Biomedicina, 13 sur 2702 Col. Volcanes, Puebla C.P. 72410, Mexico
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Phytochemical Characterization, Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte Extracts: A New Source of Bioactive Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185886. [PMID: 36144622 PMCID: PMC9500874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte is recognized medicinally given its long-standing ethnopharmacological uses in different parts of the world. Nonetheless, the pharmacological properties of the leaves of the plant have been poorly studied by the scientific community. Hence, this study aimed to decipher the phytochemicals; quantify through HPLC-ESI-MS analysis the plant’s biosynthesis; and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase, cholinesterase, and cytotoxicity potential on normal (NIH 3T3) and human liver and human colon cancer (HepG2 and HT 29) cell lines of this plant species. The aqueous extract contained the highest content of phenolics and phenolic acid, methanol extracted the most flavonoid, and the most flavonol was extracted by ethyl acetate. The one-way ANOVA results demonstrated that all results obtained were statistically significant at p < 0.05. A total of 25 phytoconstituents were identified from the different extracts, with phenolic acids and flavonoids being the main metabolites. The highest antioxidant potential was recorded for the aqueous extract. The best anti-tyrosinase extract was the methanolic extract. The ethyl acetate extract of A. verlotiorum had the highest flavonol content and hence was most active against the cholinesterase enzymes. The ethyl acetate extract was the best α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor. The samples of Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte in both aqueous and methanolic extracts were found to be non-toxic after 48 h against NIH 3T3 cells. In HepG2 cells, the methanolic extract was nontoxic up to 125 µg/mL, and an IC50 value of 722.39 µg/mL was recorded. The IC50 value exhibited in methanolic extraction of A. verlotiorum was 792.91 µg/mL in HT29 cells. Methanolic extraction is capable of inducing cell cytotoxicity in human hepatocellular carcinoma without damaging normal cells. Hence, A. verlotiorum can be recommended for further evaluation of its phytochemical and medicinal properties.
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Sarbadhikary P, George BP. A Review on Traditionally Used African Medicinal Plant Annickia chlorantha, Its Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Potential. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172293. [PMID: 36079675 PMCID: PMC9460708 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Annickia chlorantha Setten & P.J.Maas belongs to the Annonaceae family and is a multi-purpose medicinal plant, which has been extensively used for the traditional treatment option for malaria in western and central Africa. Its phytochemical composition is dominated particularly by various biologically active protoberberines and acetogenins. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the traditional uses, phytochemical profiles, and the toxicology of this plant from a myriad of available publications. Even after its tremendous applications against several different human ailments, this plant has been underestimated for its anticancer potential. Herein, based on the phytochemical composition, we discuss the probable mode of mechanism for its antiproliferative activity, which highlights its importance for cytotoxicity screenings against cancer cells. Additionally, this article discusses several research questions and suggests the future directions of its applications in medicinal plant-based anticancer research.
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Osman EE, Mohamed AS, Elkhateeb A, Gobouri A, Abdel-Aziz MM, Abdel-Hameed ESS. Phytochemical investigations, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and antibiofilm activities of Kalanchoe laxiflora flowers. Eur J Integr Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tam TDT, Ngoc TTB, Nga NTH, Trinh NTM, Thuoc TL, Thao DTP. Ethyl acetate extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth induces apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:273. [PMID: 34717604 PMCID: PMC8557499 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Therefore, treatment studies have been being conducted, one of which is screening of novel agents from medicinal herbs. Elephantopus mollis Kunth (EM) belonging to Asteraceae family is a perennial herb with several therapeutic properties including anticancer activity. However, the effect of this species on gastric cancer has not been reported yet. In this study, cytotoxicity of different EM crude extracts was investigated on AGS gastric cancer cell line. Besides, the effects of extract on nuclear morphology, caspase-3 activation, and gene expression were also explored. Results The results showed that ethyl acetate extract exhibited a remarkably inhibitory ability (IC50 = 27.5 μg/ml) on the growth of AGS cells, while causing less toxicity to normal human fibroblasts. The extract also induced apoptotic deaths in AGS cells as evidenced by cell shrinkage, formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and the upregulation of BAK and APAF-1 pro-apoptotic genes related to mitochondrial signaling pathway. Specifically, BAK and APAF-1 mRNA expression levels showed 2.57 and 2.71-fold increases respectively. Conclusions The current study not only proved the anti-gastric cancer activity of EM ethyl acetate extract but also proposed its molecular mechanism. The extract could be a potential candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Dang Thanh Tam
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Truong Thi Bich Ngoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi My Trinh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Linh Thuoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, Duong so 4, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam. .,Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vo Truong Toan, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
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Bitchagno GTM, Koffi JG, Simo IK, Kagho DUK, Ngouela AS, Lenta BN, Sewald N. LC-ToF-ESI-MS Patterns of Hirsutinolide-like Sesquiterpenoids Present in the Elephantopus mollis Kunth Extract and Chemophenetic Significance of Its Chemical Constituents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164810. [PMID: 34443397 PMCID: PMC8399899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of nine sesquiterpenoid lactones together with phenolic compounds and other terpenes were identified from the crude methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis Kunth. Compounds were isolated using different chromatographic techniques and their structures were determined by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The structures of some detected compounds were assigned based on LC-ToF-ESI-MS screening of main fractions/subfractions from flash chromatography and comparison with isolated analogues as standards. The findings revealed not only the in-source loss of water as the base peak in hirsutinolides but also the in-source loss of corresponding alcohol when the oxygen at position 1 is alkylated. The present study also draws up a complement of data with respect to hirsutinolide-like sesquiterpene lactones whose LC-MS characteristics are not available in the literature. The chemophenetic significance is also discussed. Some of the isolated compounds were reported for the first time to be found in the species, the genus as well as the plant family. The medium-polar fractions of the crude extract, also containing the larger amount of sesquiterpenoid lactones, exhibited activity both against a cancer cell line and bacterial strains. Isolated lactones were also active against the cancer cell line, while the chlorogenic derivatives also valuable in Elephantopus genus showed potent radical scavenging activity. This is the first report of cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of our samples against the tested strains and cell line. The present study follows the ongoing research project dealing with the characterization of taxa with antibacterial and antiparasitic activities from Cameroonian pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Thierry M. Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; (I.K.S.); (A.S.N.)
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jean Garba Koffi
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (J.G.K.); (B.N.L.)
| | - Ingrid Konga Simo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; (I.K.S.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Donald Ulrich K. Kagho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon;
| | - Augustin Silvere Ngouela
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; (I.K.S.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Bruno Ndjakou Lenta
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47 Yaoundé, Cameroon; (J.G.K.); (B.N.L.)
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;
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Tesfaye S, Braun H, Asres K, Engidawork E, Belete A, Muhammad I, Schulze C, Schultze N, Guenther S, Bednarski PJ. Ethiopian Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Cancer; Part 3: Selective Cytotoxic Activity of 22 Plants against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123658. [PMID: 34203971 PMCID: PMC8232819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been traditionally used to treat cancer in Ethiopia. However, very few studies have reported the in vitro anticancer activities of medicinal plants that are collected from different agro-ecological zones of Ethiopia. Hence, the main aim of this study was to screen the cytotoxic activities of 80% methanol extracts of 22 plants against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as human breast (MCF-7), lung (A427), bladder (RT-4), and cervical (SiSo) cancer cell lines. Active extracts were further screened against human large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC-103H), pancreatic cancer (DAN-G), ovarian cancer (A2780), and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (KYSE-70) by using the crystal violet cell proliferation assay, while the vitality of the acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60) and histiocytic lymphoma (U-937) cell lines was monitored in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) microtiter assay. Euphorbia schimperiana, Acokanthera schimperi, Kniphofia foliosa, and Kalanchoe petitiana exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against A427, RT-4, MCF-7, and SiSo cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 1.85 ± 0.44 to 17.8 ± 2.31 µg/mL. Furthermore, these four extracts also showed potent antiproliferative activities against LCLC-103H, DAN-G, A2780, KYSE-70, HL-60, and U-937 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.086 to 27.06 ± 10.8 µg/mL. Hence, further studies focusing on bio-assay-guided isolation and structural elucidation of active cytotoxic compounds from these plants are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia; (S.T.); (K.A.); (E.E.); (A.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.B.); (C.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Hannah Braun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.B.); (C.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Kaleab Asres
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia; (S.T.); (K.A.); (E.E.); (A.B.)
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia; (S.T.); (K.A.); (E.E.); (A.B.)
| | - Anteneh Belete
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Street, Addis Ababa 1176, Ethiopia; (S.T.); (K.A.); (E.E.); (A.B.)
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Christian Schulze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.B.); (C.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Nadin Schultze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.B.); (C.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.B.); (C.S.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.J.B.); Tel.: +49-38344204900 (S.G.); +49-38344204883 (P.J.B.)
| | - Patrick J. Bednarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (P.J.B.); Tel.: +49-38344204900 (S.G.); +49-38344204883 (P.J.B.)
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Ohiagu FO, Chikezie PC, Chikezie CM, Enyoh CE. Anticancer activity of Nigerian medicinal plants: a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is currently the leading cause of death globally and the number of deaths from cancer is on the rise daily. Medicinal plants have been in continuous use over the years for the management of cancer, particularly, in most developing countries of the world including Nigeria. The use of synthetic drugs for the treatment of cancer is often accompanied by toxic side effects. Thus, the alternative use of readily available and inexpensive medicinal plants is the panacea to the toxic side effects associated with synthetic drugs.
Main body
The present review summarized the anticancer activity of 51 medicinal plants that are widespread in all regions of Nigeria. Furthermore, the proposed anticancer pharmacological actions as well as the anticancer bioactive compounds, the type of cancer cell inhibited, the plant parts responsible for the anticancer activity, and the nature of the extracts used for the studies were discussed in this review. The 51 Nigerian medicinal plants were reported to exhibit anticancer activities of the prostate, cervices, lung, skin, colon, esophagus, blood, ovary, central nervous system/brain, breast, stomach, pancreas, larynx, and kidney. The major classes of bioactive compounds indicated to be responsible for the anticancer activity include the polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, and quinones. The major anticancer pharmacological actions of these bioactive compounds were antiproliferative, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antimetastatic, apoptotic, and antioxidative as well as provoked cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and reduction of cancer cell viability.
Conclusion
The Nigerian medicinal plants can be harnessed to provide for readily available and inexpensive anticancer drugs in the future because the plants reported in this review showed promising anticancer activity.
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Bich Ngoc TT, Hoai Nga NT, My Trinh NT, Thuoc TL, Phuong Thao DT. Elephantopus mollis Kunth extracts induce antiproliferation and apoptosis in human lung cancer and myeloid leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113222. [PMID: 32763415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Elephantopus mollis Kunth (EM), which belongs to Asteraceae family, has been used as a folk medicine with diverse therapeutic properties. Previous studies reported that crude extracts of this plant could inhibit several cancer cell lines, including breast carcinoma MCF-7, liver carcinoma HepG2, colorectal carcinoma DLD-1, lung carcinoma NCI-H23, etc. AIM: In this study, the anticancer activity and associated molecular mechanism of EM which is distributed in Vietnam were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxicity of various EM extracts was evaluated on different cell lines by MTT assay. In addition, the effects of EM extracts on cell growth, cell morphology, nuclear morphology, caspase-3 activation, and mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related genes were also examined. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that ethyl acetate extract (EM-EA) caused proliferative inhibition and apoptotic induction towards A549 lung cancer cells (IC50 = 18.66 μg/ml, SI = 5.8) and HL60 leukemia cells (IC50 = 7.45 μg/ml, SI = 14.5) while petroleum ether extract (EM-PE) showed high toxicity to HL60 cell line (IC50 = 11.14 μg/ml, SI = 6.7). Notably, Raji lymphoma cells were also affected by these extracts (IC50 < 20 μg/ml, SI > 4), which has not been reported yet. Furthermore, mechanisms of EM extracts were elucidated. The significant downregulation of PCNA mRNA level induced by EM-EA/PE extracts contributed to the cell-growth restraint. EM-EA extract might activate apoptosis in A549 cells through both extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways by causing a 1.55-fold increase in BID, 3.65-fold increase in BAK and 3.11-fold decrease in BCL-2 expression level. Meanwhile, with EM-EA-extract treatment, HL60 cells might encounter P53-dependent apoptotic deaths. CONCLUSIONS The combination of antiproliferation and apoptosis activation contributed to the high efficacy of EM extracts. These findings not only proved the anticancer potential of EM but also provided further insights into the mechanisms of EM extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truong Thi Bich Ngoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi My Trinh
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Linh Thuoc
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Laboratory of Cancer Research, VNU-HCM, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam; Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Parkinsonia aculeata L. growing in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1129-1137. [PMID: 32922145 PMCID: PMC7474181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonia aculeata L. growing in Saudi Arabia was investigated for its phytochemical profile, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS was employed as a powerful technique for the characterization of secondary metabolites from a hydroalcoholic extract, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions of P. aculeata L. aerial parts. Sixty-nine compounds (flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics and fatty acids) were detected and characterized; flavonoids were the abundant components in the analyzed samples. The dichloromethane fraction was rich in phenolics as vanillic acid hexoside, flavonols as 3,7-dimthylquercetin, and flavones as 3'-hydroxymelanettin. However, the ethyl acetate fraction was rich in flavonoid-C-glycosides as luteolin-8-C-β-D-glucoside (orientin) and apigenin-8-C-glucoside (vitexin), flavonoid- O, C-diglycosides such as luteolin 7-O-[6''-dihydrogalloyl]-glucosyl-8-C-pentosyl-(1 → 2)-glucoside and 2''-O-rhamnosyl isoorientin. These compounds were identified for the first time in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions of Saudi P. aculeata L. Additionally, all the samples were assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging method and for cytotoxic activity through MTT assay. Accordingly, the most active fraction was the ethyl acetate which showed the highest antioxidant activity (SC50 = 57.4 ± 1.2 μg/mL) compared with the positive control, ascorbic acid (SC50 = 12.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL) and moderate cytotoxicity against HepG-2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) cell lines with IC50 = 56.9 ± 3.1 and 95.8 ± 3.8 μg/mL, respectively compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 3.67 ± 0.22 and 5.71 ± 0.57 μg/mL, respectively for both cell lines). The antioxidant and cytotoxic activities may be attributed to the presence of high percentage of phenolic compounds and hydroxylated flavonoids detected in ethyl acetate fraction using UPLS-ESI-MS/MS.
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Rajendran P, Maheshwari U, Muthukrishnan A, Muthuswamy R, Anand K, Ravindran B, Dhanaraj P, Balamuralikrishnan B, Chang SW, Chung WJ. Myricetin: versatile plant based flavonoid for cancer treatment by inducing cell cycle arrest and ROS-reliant mitochondria-facilitated apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells and in silico prediction. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:57-68. [PMID: 32851589 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin is categorized under the secondary metabolite flavonoid which includes a diverse range of consumable plant parts, and it has a potential against several classes of cancer including cancers and tumors. In the present study, the anticancer potential of the unique flavonoid-myricetin in A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated. Among different doses of myricetin, 73 μg/ml was more effective to prevent the cancer cell growth. It also promoted sub-G1 phase aggregation of cells and a equivalent decrease in the fraction of cells entering the S and subsequent phase which indicates apoptotic cell death. Myricetin generated enormous free radicals and, altered the potential of mitochondrial membrane in A549 cells as paralleled to untreated cells. In addition, myricetin treatment intensified the expression of P53 and relegated the expression of EGFR in A549 cells. These results suggested that myricetin exhibits cytotoxic potential by arresting the progression of cell cycle and ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated mortality in cancer A549 lung cancer cells and it would be useful to develop as a drug candidate for lung cancer therapeutics. In silico experiments were carried out against human EGFR and P53 tumor suppressor protein to gain more insights into the binding mode of the myricetin may act as significant potential for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science, Chennai, TamilNadu, India
| | - Uma Maheshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Muthukrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Razia Muthuswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
| | | | - Premnath Dhanaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Science, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641114, India
| | | | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
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UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profile and Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiabetic, and Antiobesity Activities of the Aqueous Extracts of Three Different Hibiscus Species. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6749176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous extracts of Hibiscus calyphyllus (HcA), Hibiscus micranthus (HmA), and Hibiscus deflersii (HdA) growing in Saudi Arabia did not receive enough attention in phytochemical and biological studies. This inspired the authors to investigate the phytochemicals of these extracts for the first time using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in negative and positive ionization modes. The analysis afforded the tentative identification of 103 compounds including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Moreover, in vitro evaluations of their cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities were carried out. The results showed that aqueous extract of Hibiscus calyphyllus had the highest activity as an antioxidant agent (SC50 = 111 ± 1.5 μg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid (SC50 = 14.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL). MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic activity compared to cisplatin. Hibiscus deflersii showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against A-549 (human lung carcinoma) with IC50 = 50 ± 5.1 μg/mL, and Hibiscus micranthus showed a close effect with IC50 = 60.4 ± 1.7 μg/mL. Hibiscus micranthus showed the most potent effect on HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma) with IC50 = 56 ± 1.9 μg/mL compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 7.53 ± 3.8 μg/mL). HcA and HdA extracts showed weak cytotoxic activity against A-549 and HCT-116 cell lines compared to the other extracts. Eventually, Hibiscus deflersii showed astonishing antidiabetic (IC50 = 56 ± 1.9 μg/mL) and antiobesity (IC50 = 95.45 ± 1.9 μg/mL) activities using in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay (compared with acarbose (IC50 = 34.71 ± 0.7 μg/mL)) and pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay (compared with orlistat (IC50 = 23.8 ± 0.7 μg/mL)), respectively. In conclusion, these findings are regarded as the first vision of the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of different Hibiscus aqueous extracts. Hibiscus deflersii aqueous extract might be a hopeful origin of functional constituents with anticancer (on A-549 cell line), antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities. It might be a natural alternative remedy and nutritional policy for diabetes and obesity treatment without negative side effects. Isolation of the bioactive phytochemicals from the aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Hibiscus calyphyllus, Hibiscus micranthus, and Hibiscus deflersii and estimation of their biological effects are recommended in further studies.
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Adewole KE. Nigerian antimalarial plants and their anticancer potential: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:92-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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LC-MS Analysis, 15-Lipoxygenase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana ( Melastomataceae) and Paullinia pinnata Linn ( Sapindaceae). J Trop Med 2020; 2020:5169847. [PMID: 32148525 PMCID: PMC7049448 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5169847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity activities of Dissotis multiflora (Sm) Triana and Paullinia pinnata Linn used traditionally in Cameroon to treat infectious diseases. Phytochemical screening was carried out using the LC-MS procedure. The ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX) assay was used to determine the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) inhibitory activity of the plant samples. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay was performed using Vero cells. The Ames test was carried out using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 tester strains. LC-MS chromatogram of D. multiflora led to the identification of four known compounds, namely, 5-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-2H-tetrazol (2), 2,2'-{[2-(6-amino-9H-purine-9-yl)ethyl]imino}diethanol (14), 1,2,5-oxadiazolo [3,4-b]pyrazine, 5,6-di (3,5-dimethyl-1-piperidyl) (19), and nimbolinin D (20) while four compounds were also identified in P. pinnata known as 2-hydroxycarbamoyl-4-methyl-pentanoic acid (2), pheophorbide A (16), 1-[4-({2-[(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}oxy)-1-naphthyl]-3-[1-(4 methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]urea (17), and nimbolinin D (18). D. multiflora and P. pinnata inhibited 15-LOX activity in concentration-dependent manner. The LC50 (concentration that kills 50% of cells) values of the extracts ranged from 0.13 ± 00 to 1 ± 00 mg/mL for P. pinnata and D. multiflora, respectively. P. pinnata was cytotoxic at concentrations tested while D. multiflora was not. The selectivity index (SI) values ranged from 0.16 to 10.30 on Vero cell lines. No genotoxic effect was observed against both strains tested. These extracts are sources of compounds which can be used to control infectious diseases and associated inflammation. However, caution should be taken while using P. pinnata for medicinal purposes.
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Medicinal plants used in management of cancer and other related diseases in Woleu-Ntem province, Gabon. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Arias-González I, García-Carrancá AM, Cornejo-Garrido J, Ordaz-Pichardo C. Cytotoxic effect of Kalanchoe flammea and induction of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:133-147. [PMID: 29730133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Kalanchoe flammea Stapf (Crassulaceae) is a medicinal plant grown in the South of Mexico (State of Tabasco), which is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever, wounds, inflammation, and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY To establish the potential of K. flammea for the treatment of prostate cancer, evaluating its cytotoxic activity, its probable mechanism of action, and carrying out some toxicological safety studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic activity of the ethyl acetate extract of K. flammea (Kf-EtOAc) was evaluated in several cell lines of prostate cancer by MTT viability assay. The cellular death mechanism was studied by evaluating the translocation of phosphatidylserine (Annexin V); overproduction of reactive oxygen species [2'-7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay]; release of Cytochrome C; activation of caspase-3 and -9, and regulation of Bcl-2, XIAP, and PKCε proteins by Western Blot analysis. For the evaluation of the safety of Kf-EtOAc, the Ames test, Micronucleus assay, and acute toxicity study were determined. RESULTS Kf-EtOAc exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against prostate cell lines as follows: PC-3, LNCaP, and PrEC (IC50 = 1.36 ± 0.05; 2.06 ± 0.02, and 127.05 ± 0.07 μg/mL, respectively). The F82-P2 fraction (rich in coumaric acid and palmitic acid) obtained by bioassay-guided fractionation of Kf-EtOAc also demonstrated selective cytotoxic activity against PC-3 cells (IC50 = 1.05 ± 0.06 μg/mL). Kf-EtOAc induces apoptosis by the intrinsic pathway; this mechanism of cell death was confirmed after observing that the extract produces phosphatidylserine translocation, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, release of Cytochrome C at mitochondrial level, and activation of caspase-3 and -9. It was also observed that Kf-EtOAc produces significant downregulation of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, XIAP, and PKCε and induces DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest. In addition, Kf-EtOAc is non-genotoxic in vitro by Ames test and non-genotoxic in vivo by Micronucleus assay, and no signs of toxicity or death were reported after the administration of a single acute exposure of 2000 mg/kg. CONCLUSION K. flammea is a potential candidate for the development of new drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer. However, to propose their use in clinical trials, additional studies are required to understand their pharmacokinetic behavior, as well as the development of a suitable pharmaceutical form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Arias-González
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, 07320 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro M García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Av. San Fernando 22, Col. Sección XVI, Del. Tlalpan, 14080 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Cornejo-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, 07320 CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Cynthia Ordaz-Pichardo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Col. La Escalera, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, 07320 CDMX, Mexico.
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