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Prerna, Chadha J, Khullar L, Mudgil U, Harjai K. A comprehensive review on the pharmacological prospects of Terpinen-4-ol: From nature to medicine and beyond. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106051. [PMID: 38838826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their extensive biological potential, essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive phytochemicals have gained attention from the scientific community. Within this domain, Terpinen-4-ol (T-4-ol), a bioactive monoterpene alcohol and the major constituent of tea tree oil (TTO), has made its way into translational research. Recent literature on T-4-ol strongly indicates its diverse pharmacological properties, including but not limited to antimicrobial, antivirulent, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-cancer effects. Hence, this review is the first to provide a comprehensive overview of the sources, bioavailability, safety, pharmaceutical delivery systems, and multifaceted biological properties of T-4-ol, emphasizing its medicinal potential for widescale application. The antibacterial and antifungal effectiveness of T-4-ol has been discussed, encompassing its role in combating a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The review delves into the antivirulent prospects of T-4-ol, shedding light on its ability to attenuate virulence and mitigate bacterial pathogenesis. Scientific literature on the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of T-4-ol highlighting its role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species and modulating inflammatory pathways has also been collated. Furthermore, the review elaborates on the cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive properties of T-4-ol and augments literature on its anti-cancer mechanism against various cancer cell lines. The review also provides in-depth knowledge of the pharmaceutical formulations of T-4-ol and recent knowledge about its application in clinical/field trials. The exploration of these diverse attributes positions T-4-ol as a promising candidate for further research and therapeutic repurposing in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Umang Mudgil
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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2
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Machinski I, Andrade EA, Schaffka VM, de Almeida VP, Santos A, Bueno D, Perera WH, Pereira RP, Manfron J, Miyoshi E, Beltrame FL. Exploring the Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Profiles of Aqueous Extracts of Kalanchoe. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400660. [PMID: 38771297 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of plants for medicinal purposes has a long history, however it is desirable a continuous evaluation seeking for complementary scientific evidences for their safe application. Species within the Kalanchoe genus are often referred to as "miracle leaf" due to their remarkable healing properties. Traditionally, these plants have been used to treat infections, inflammation, and cancer. Despite their widespread use, the identification of their active components remains incomplete. This study aimed to differentiate K. crenata (KC), K. marmorata (KM), and K. pinnata (KP) by conducting detailed histochemical and phytochemical analyses, and to assess their antioxidant capabilities. The investigation revealed significant differences between the species, highlighting the variability in phenolic (PC) and flavonoid contents (FC) and their distinct antioxidant effects. The KM demonstrated the greatest results (PC: 59.26±1.53 mgEqGA/g; FC: 12.63±0.91 mgEqCQ/g; DPPH⋅ (IC50): 110.66 ug/mL; ABTS⋅+ (IC50): 26.81 ug/mL; ORAC: 9.65±0.75 mmolTE) when compared to KC and KP. These findings underscore a new reference for research within the Kalanchoe genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Machinski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Assis Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Debora Bueno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jane Manfron
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Edmar Miyoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
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3
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Jafernik K, Kubica P, Dziurka M, Kulinowski Ł, Korona-Głowniak I, Elansary HO, Waligórski P, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Szopa A. Comparative Assessment of Lignan Profiling and Biological Activities of Schisandra henryi Leaf and In Vitro PlantForm Bioreactor-Grown Culture Extracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:442. [PMID: 38675405 PMCID: PMC11053505 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research's scope encompassed biotechnological, phytochemical, and biological studies of Schisandra henryi, including investigations into its in vitro microshoot culture grown in PlantForm bioreactors (temporary immersion systems, TISs), as well as extracts from leaves of the parent plant, focusing on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. The phytochemical analysis included the isolation and quantification of 17 compounds from dibenzocyclooctadiene, aryltetralin lignans, and neolignans using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), HPLC-DAD, and UHPLC-MS/MS tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole mass filter methods. Higher contents of compounds were found in microshoots extracts (max. 543.99 mg/100 g DW). The major compound was schisantherin B both in the extracts from microshoots and the leaves (390.16 and 361.24 mg/100 g DW, respectively). The results of the anti-inflammatory activity in terms of the inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, sPLA2, and LOX-15 enzymes indicated that PlantForm microshoot extracts showed strong activity against COX-1 and COX-2 (for 177 mg/mL the inhibition percentage was 76% and 66%, respectively). The antioxidant potential assessed using FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays showed that extracts from microshoot cultures had 5.6, 3.8, and 3.3 times higher power compared to extracts from the leaves of the parent plant, respectively. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was 4.1 times higher in extracts from the in vitro culture compared to the leaves. The antiproliferative activity against T-cell lymphoblast line Jurkat, breast adenocarcinoma cultures (MCF-7), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), showed that both extracts have considerable effects on the tested cell lines. The antimicrobial activity tested against strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi showed the highest activity towards H. pylori (MIC and MBC 0.625 mg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21 str., 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Łukasz Kulinowski
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Izabela Korona-Głowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Piotr Waligórski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21 str., 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.W.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 str., 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.); (P.K.)
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Thalappil MA, Singh P, Carcereri de Prati A, Sahoo SK, Mariotto S, Butturini E. Essential oils and their nanoformulations for breast cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:556-591. [PMID: 37919622 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most prevalent type of cancer in the world. Current treatments include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy but often are associated with high toxicity to normal tissues, chemoresistance, and relapse. Thus, developing novel therapies which could combat these limitations is essential for effective treatment. In this context, phytochemicals are increasingly getting popular due to their safety profile, ability to efficiently target tumors, and circumvent limitations of existing treatments. Essential Oils (EOs) are mixtures of various phytochemicals which have shown potential anticancer activity in preclinical BC models. However, their clinical translation is limited by factors such as high volatility, low stability, and poor solubility. Nanotechnology has facilitated their encapsulation in a variety of nanostructures and proven to overcome these limitations. In this review, we have efficiently summarized the current knowledge on the anticancer effect of EOs and constituents in both in in vitro and in in vivo BC models. Further, we also provide a descriptive account on the potential of nanotechnology in enhancing the anti-BC activity of EOs and their constituents. The papers discussed in this review were selected using the keywords "antiproliferative Essential Oils in breast cancer," "anticancer activity of Essential Oil in breast cancer," and "cytotoxicity of Essential Oils in breast cancer" performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ashiq Thalappil
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Priya Singh
- Nanomedicine Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Alessandra Carcereri de Prati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sofia Mariotto
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Roman S, Voaides C, Babeanu N. Exploring the Sustainable Exploitation of Bioactive Compounds in Pelargonium sp.: Beyond a Fragrant Plant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4123. [PMID: 38140450 PMCID: PMC10748180 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This review article aims to present an overview regarding the volatile compounds in different scented species of Pelargonium and their biological activities, immunomodulatory activity, cytotoxic activity, high larvicidal activity and ethnopharmacological uses. Although the Pelargonium genus includes many species, we focused only on the scented ones, with the potential to be used in different domains. Pelargonium essential oil showed great properties as antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity (against K. pneumonie, S. aureus or E. coli strains) and antifungal activity (against many fungi including Candida sp.), the responsible compounds for these properties being tannins, flavones, flavonols, flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarins. Due to the existence of bioactive constituents in the chemical composition of fresh leaves, roots, or flowers of Pelargonium sp. (such as monoterpenoid compounds-citronellol, geraniol, linalool, and flavonoids-myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol), this species is still valuable, the bio-compounds representing the base of innovative substitutes in food processing industry, nutraceuticals, or preventive human or veterinary medicine (substitute of antibiotics). Highlighting the volatile chemical composition and properties of this scented plant aims to rediscover it and to emphasize the vast spectrum of health-promoting constituents for a sustainable approach. Future research directions should point to the application of plant biotechnology with a significant role in conservation strategy and to stimulate commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalina Voaides
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (N.B.); Tel.: +40-722517767 (C.V.); +40-723210879 (N.B.)
| | - Narcisa Babeanu
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (N.B.); Tel.: +40-722517767 (C.V.); +40-723210879 (N.B.)
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Kolypetri S, Kostoglou D, Nikolaou A, Kourkoutas Y, Giaouris E. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Actions of Oregano ( Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) Essential Oil against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. Foods 2023; 12:2893. [PMID: 37569162 PMCID: PMC10418746 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are plant mixtures that are known to present strong bioactivities, including a wide antimicrobial action. Biofilms are microbial sessile structures that represent the default mode of growth of microorganisms in most environments. This study focused on the antimicrobial action of the EO extracted from one of the most representative oregano species, that is, Origanum vulgare (subsp. hirtum), against two important foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enterica (serovar Typhimurium) and Listeria monocytogenes. For this, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the EO against the planktonic and biofilm growth of each bacterium were determined (MICs, MBICs), together with the minimum bactericidal and biofilm eradication concentrations (MBCs, MBECs). The EO was also analyzed for its chemical composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). The influence of EO exposure on the expression of some important virulence genes (hly, inlA, inlB and prfA) was also studied in L. monocytogenes. Results revealed a strong antibacterial and antibiofilm action with MICs and MBICs ranging from 0.03% to 0.06% (v/v) and from 0.06% to 0.13% (v/v), respectively. The application of the EO at 6.25% (v/v) for 15 min resulted in the total eradication of the biofilm cells of both pathogens. The EO was mainly composed of thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and carvacrol. The 3 h exposure of L. monocytogenes planktonic cells to the EO at its MBIC (0.06% v/v) resulted in the significant downregulation of all the studied genes (p < 0.05). To sum, the results obtained advocate for the further exploitation of the antimicrobial action of oregano EO in food and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kolypetri
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kostoglou
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Anastasios Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, Greece
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Assis de Andrade E, Machinski I, Terso Ventura AC, Barr SA, Pereira AV, Beltrame FL, Strangman WK, Williamson RT. A Review of the Popular Uses, Anatomical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae): A Genus of Plants Known as "Miracle Leaf". Molecules 2023; 28:5574. [PMID: 37513446 PMCID: PMC10383218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Kalanchoe have a long history of therapeutic use in ethnomedicine linked to their remarkable healing properties. Several species have chemical and anatomical similarities, often leading to confusion when they are used in folk medicine. This review aims to provide an overview and discussion of the reported traditional uses, botanical aspects, chemical constituents, and pharmacological potential of the Kalanchoe species. Published scientific materials were collected from the PubMed and SciFinder databases without restriction regarding the year of publication through April 2023. Ethnopharmacological knowledge suggests that these species have been used to treat infections, inflammation, injuries, and other disorders. Typically, all parts of the plant are used for medicinal purposes either as crude extract or juice. Botanical evaluation can clarify species differentiation and can enable correct identification and validation of the scientific data. Flavonoids are the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified from Kalanchoe species and can be correlated with some biological studies (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial potential). This review summarizes several topics related to the Kalanchoe genus, supporting future studies regarding other unexplored research areas. The need to conduct further studies to confirm the popular uses and biological activities of bioactive compounds is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Assis de Andrade
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Isadora Machinski
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Terso Ventura
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Sarah Ainslie Barr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Airton Vicente Pereira
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Flávio Luís Beltrame
- Pharmaceutical Science Graduate Program, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil
| | - Wendy Karen Strangman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
| | - Robert Thomas Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28409, USA
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Fahmy S, Nasr S, Ramzy A, Dawood AS, Abdelnaser A, Azzazy HMES. Cytotoxic and Antioxidative Effects of Geranium Oil and Ascorbic Acid Coloaded in Niosomes against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22774-22782. [PMID: 37396262 PMCID: PMC10308595 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Geranium oil (GO) has antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Ascorbic acid (AA) is reported to inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, sensitize cancer cells, and induce apoptosis. In this context, AA, GO, and AA-GO were loaded into niosomal nanovesicles to ameliorate the physicochemical properties of GO and improve its cytotoxic effects using the thin-film hydration technique. The prepared nanovesicles had a spherical shape with average diameters ranging from 200 to 300 nm and exhibited outstanding surface negative charges, high entrapment efficiencies, and a controlled sustained release over 72 h. Entrapping AA and GO in niosomes resulted in a lower IC50 value than free AA and GO when tested on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed higher apoptotic cells in the late apoptotic stage upon treating the MCF-7 breast cancer cells with AA-GO niosomal vesicles compared to treatments with free AA, free GO, and AA or GO loaded into niosomal nanovesicles. Assessing the antioxidant effect of the free drugs and loaded niosomal nanovesicles showed enhanced antioxidant activity of AA-GO niosomal vesicles. These findings suggest the AA-GO niosomal vesicles as a potential treatment strategy against breast cancer, possibly through scavenging free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif
Ashraf Fahmy
- Chemistry
Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, R5 New Garden City, New Administrative
Capital, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Soad Nasr
- Institute
of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ramzy
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Abdelhameed S. Dawood
- Institute
of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute
of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department
of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute for
Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
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Petretto GL, Vacca G, Addis R, Pintore G, Nieddu M, Piras F, Sogos V, Fancello F, Zara S, Rosa A. Waste Citrus limon Leaves as Source of Essential Oil Rich in Limonene and Citral: Chemical Characterization, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties, and Effects on Cancer Cell Viability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1238. [PMID: 37371968 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated chemical composition, cytotoxicity in normal and cancer cells, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) isolated by hydrodistillation from the discarded leaves of lemon (Citrus limon) plants cultivated in Sardinia (Italy). The volatile chemical composition of lemon leaf EO (LLEO) was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with flame ionization detection (GC/MS and GC/FID). The most abundant component of LLEO was limonene (260.7 mg/mL), followed by geranial (102.6 mg/mL) and neral (88.3 mg/mL). The antimicrobial activity of LLEO was tested using eight bacterial strains and two types of yeasts by a microdilution broth test. Candida albicans showed the greatest susceptibility (MIC = 0.625 μL/mL) and Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited at low LLEO concentration (MIC values from 2.5 to 5 μL/mL). The C. limon leaf EO displayed radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 10.24 mg/mL) in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) assay. Furthermore, the LLEO impact on cell viability was explored by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in cancer HeLa cells, A375 melanoma cell line, normal fibroblasts (3T3 cells), and keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). LLEO, at 24 h of incubation, significantly reduced viability from 25 μM in Hela cells (33% reduction) and A375 cells (27%), greatly affecting cell morphology, whereas this effect was found from 50 μM on 3T3 fibroblasts and keratinocytes. LLEO's pro-oxidant effect was also established in HeLa cells by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vacca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Addis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pintore
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mariella Nieddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Franca Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Francesco Fancello
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Severino Zara
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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Maleš I, Dobrinčić A, Zorić Z, Vladimir-Knežević S, Elez Garofulić I, Repajić M, Skroza D, Jerković I, Dragović-Uzelac V. Phenolic, Headspace and Sensory Profile, and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruit Juice Enriched with Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus serpyllum L. Extract: A Potential for a Novel Herbal-Based Functional Beverages. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093656. [PMID: 37175066 PMCID: PMC10180401 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since certain constituents are not naturally present in pure fruit juices, incorporating herbal extracts can provide specific sensory properties to the beverages and improve their biopotential. In our previous research, it was found that sage (Salvia officinalis L.), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.), and combinations of their extracts had the highest total phenolic content and a unique composition of volatile compounds, which can contribute to the aromatic and antioxidant qualities of functional products. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential of sage and wild thyme extracts, as well as their mixture (wild thyme:sage at 3:1, v/v), to enrich fruit juices (apple, pineapple, and orange). Obtained beverages were evaluated for sensory properties as well as phenolic and headspace composition (UPLC-MS/MS and HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC assay). The incorporation of wild thyme extract in pineapple juice provided the most harmonious flavor and the highest content of volatile compounds (on PDMS/DVB fiber). The orange juice formulations were the most enriched with phenolic and volatile compounds (on DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers). The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in the formulation with orange juice and sage extract (22,925.39 ± 358.43 µM TE). This study demonstrated that enriching fruit juices with sage and wild thyme extracts could create functional beverages with improved sensory and health-promoting properties, providing valuable insights for the food and beverage industry to meet the growing demand of health-conscious consumers for natural and functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Maleš
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Dobrinčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Zorić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Elez Garofulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Repajić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Verica Dragović-Uzelac
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Li J, Chen W, Liu H, Liu H, Xiang S, You F, Jiang Y, Lin J, Zhang D, Zheng C. Pharmacologic effects approach of essential oils and their components on respiratory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:115962. [PMID: 36529244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils (EOs) are concentrated hydrophobic liquids with volatility and a unique aroma. Formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites, EOs have been used as traditional medicines to treat various health problems worldwide. Historical records show that herbs rich in EOs have been widely used to treat respiratory diseases in China, Europe, and many other regions. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the traditional applications and modern pharmacological mechanisms of EOs derived from aromatic herbs and their active ingredients in respiratory diseases in preclinical and clinical trials through multitarget synergy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about EOs and respiratory diseases was collected from electronic databases, such as ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). RESULTS This review presents the preventive and therapeutic effects of EOs on respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, acute lung injury, pulmonary infection, and pulmonary fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms of EOs in treating different lung diseases are summarized, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, mucolytic, and immune regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS EOs show potential as supplements or substitutes for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wu Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Sirui Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Fengming You
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yifang Jiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Junzhi Lin
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Dingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1066 Avenue Liutai, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
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Marques MP, Neves BG, Varela C, Zuzarte M, Gonçalves AC, Dias MI, Amaral JS, Barros L, Magalhães M, Cabral C. Essential Oils from Côa Valley Lamiaceae Species: Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Effect on Glioblastoma Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020341. [PMID: 36839664 PMCID: PMC9964318 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav., Mentha cervina L. and Thymus mastichina (L.) L. subsp. mastichina are representative species of the Côa Valley's flora, a Portuguese UNESCO World Heritage Site. L. pedunculata and T. mastichina are traditionally used to preserve olives and to aromatize bonfires on Saint John's Eve, while M. cervina is mainly used as a spice for river fish dishes. Despite their traditional uses, these aromatic plants are still undervalued, and literature regarding their bioactivity, especially anticancer, is scarce. In this work, the morphology of secretory structures was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the composition of essential oils (EOs) was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The study proceeded with cytotoxic evaluation of EOs in tumor and non-tumor cells with the cell death mechanism explored in glioblastoma (GB) cells. L. pedunculata EO presented the most pronounced cytotoxic/antiproliferative activity against tumor cells, with moderate cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells. Whereas, M. cervina EO exhibited a slightly lower cytotoxic effect against tumor cells and did not affect the viability of non-tumor cells. Meanwhile, T. mastichina EO did not induce a strong cytotoxic effect against GB cells. L. pedunculata and M. cervina EOs lead to cell death by inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The present study suggests that L. pedunculata and M. cervina EOs have a strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative potential to be further studied as efficient antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Pedro Marques
- Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Guapo Neves
- Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Varela
- Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, University Clinic of Hematology and Applied Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Group of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Amaral
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Mountains Regions (SusTEC), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Effect of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. Leaf, Flower, Stem, and Root Extracts on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031019. [PMID: 36770686 PMCID: PMC9921178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria, causing chronic pulmonary disease and leading to respiratory failure and even mortality. Thus, there has been an ever-increasing search for novel and preferably natural antimicrobial compounds. Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. shoots are commonly used as teas or alcoholic tinctures for their human health-promoting and antibacterial properties. Here, we explored the antimicrobial effects of all plant parts, i.e., leaf, flower, stem, and root extracts, prepared in water or in 60% ethanol, against P. aeruginosa. The impact of these extracts on bacterial survival was determined using a luminescent strain of P. aeruginosa, which emits light when alive. In addition, the antimicrobial effects were compared with the antioxidant properties and content of phenolic compounds of plant extracts. Ethanolic extracts of O. vulgare roots and flowers showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by A. eupatoria roots. In particular, chlorogenic acid, the ethanolic extract of O. vulgare roots contained high levels of protocatechuic acid, hesperidin, shikimic acid, rutin, quercetin, and morin. The synergistic effects of these phenolic compounds and flavonoids may play a key role in the antibacterial activity of teas and tinctures.
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Othman HIA, Alkatib HH, Zaid A, Sasidharan S, Rahiman SSF, Lee TP, Dimitrovski G, Althakafy JT, Wong YF. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Citrus hystrix, Citrus limon, Citrus pyriformis, and Citrus microcarpa Leaf Essential Oils against Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:134. [PMID: 36616263 PMCID: PMC9823843 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil derived from Citrus plants has long been used for medicinal purposes, due to its broad spectrum of therapeutic characteristics. To date, approximately 162 Citrus species have been identified, and many investigational studies have been conducted to explore the pharmacological potential of Citrus spp. oils. This study investigated the volatile constituents of essential oil distilled from the leaves of C. hystrix, C. limon, C. pyriformis, and C. microcarpa, using gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry. A total of 80 secondary compounds were tentatively identified, representing 84.88-97.99% of the total ion count and mainly comprising monoterpene (5.20-76.15%) and sesquiterpene (1.36-27.14%) hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes (3.91-89.52%) and sesquiterpenes (0.21-38.87%), and other minor chemical classes (0.10-0.52%). In particular, 27 compounds (1.19-39.06%) were detected across all Citrus species. Principal component analysis of the identified phytoconstituents and their relative quantities enabled differentiation of the Citrus leaf oils according to their species, with the loading variables contributing to these metabolic differences being identified. The Citrus leaf oils were tested for their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The results indicated that C. limon displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC50 value of 29.14 ± 1.97 mg/mL), while C. hystrix exhibited the lowest activity (IC50 value of 279.03 ± 10.37 mg/mL). On the other hand, all the Citrus oils exhibit potent antiproliferative activities against the HeLa cervical cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 11.66 μg/mL (C. limon), 20.41 μg/mL (C. microcarpa), 25.91 μg/mL (C. hystrix), and 87.17 μg/mL (C. pyriformis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Ibrahim Al Othman
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Huda Hisham Alkatib
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Atiqah Zaid
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Tien Ping Lee
- RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, 4 Jalan Sepoy Lines, George Town 10450, Penang, Malaysia
| | - George Dimitrovski
- Ajoya Capital Limited, World Trade Centre 1, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 29-31, Jakarta 12920, Indonesia
| | - Jalal T. Althakafy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Foo Wong
- Centre for Research on Multidimensional Separation Science, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Amirzadeh M, Soltanian S, Mohamadi N. Chemical composition, anticancer and antibacterial activity of Nepeta mahanensis essential oil. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:173. [PMID: 35752826 PMCID: PMC9233784 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, often affect the patients’ quality of life due to their serious side effects, indicating the urgent need to develop less toxic and more effective alternative treatments. Medicinal plants and their derivatives are invaluable sources for such remedies. The present study aimed to determine the chemical composition, anticancer and antibacterial activities of Nepeta mahanesis essential oil (EO). Methods The chemical composition of EO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis induction of EO was analyzed by MTT assay and Flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the Bax/Bcl2 gene expression. Also, the effect of the EO on the cells’ mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ROS level was assessed. DPPH assay was done to assess the free radical scavenging activity of the EO. The Antimicrobial activity, MIC, and MBC of the oil were determined via well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results Based on the GC-MS analysis, 24 compounds were identified in the EO, of which 1,8-cineole (28.5%), Nepetalactone (18.8%), germacrene D (8.1%), and β-pinene (7.2%), were the major compounds. Also, the EO showed considerable cytotoxicity against MCF-7, Caco-2, SH-SY5Y, and HepG2 after 24 and 48 h treatment with IC50 values between 0.0.47 to 0.81 mg/mL. It was revealed that this compound increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in the MCF-7 cells and induced apoptosis (27%) and necrosis (18%) in the cells. Moreover, the EO treatment led to a substantial decrease in MMP, which is indicative of apoptosis induction. A significant increase in ROS level was also detected in the cells following exposure to the EO. This compound showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50: 30). It was also effective against Gram-positive E. faecalis (ATCC 29,212) and Gram-negative E. coli (ATCC 11,333) bacteria. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that the EO of N. mahanesis could be considered a bioactive product with biomedical applications that can be used as an alternative cancer treatment and applied in the biomedical industries.
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Narayanankutty A, Visakh NU, Sasidharan A, Pathrose B, Olatunji OJ, Al-Ansari A, Alfarhan A, Ramesh V. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Bacterial, and Anti-Cancer Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Citrus limetta Risso Peel Waste Remains after Commercial Use. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238329. [PMID: 36500421 PMCID: PMC9735939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Citrus plants are widely utilized for edible purposes and medicinal utility throughout the world. However, because of the higher abundance of the antimicrobial compound D-Limonene, the peel waste cannot be disposed of by biogas production. Therefore, after the extraction of D-Limonene from the peel wastes, it can be easily disposed of. The D-Limonene rich essential oil from the Citrus limetta risso (CLEO) was extracted and evaluated its radical quenching, bactericidal, and cytotoxic properties. The radical quenching properties were DPPH radical scavenging (11.35 ± 0.51 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging (10.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL). There, we observed a dose-dependent antibacterial potential for the essential oil against pathogenic bacteria. Apart from that, the essential oil also inhibited the biofilm-forming properties of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and S. aureus. Further, cytotoxicity was also exhibited against estrogen receptor-positive (MCF7) cells (IC50: 47.31 ± 3.11 µg/mL) and a triple-negative (MDA-MB-237) cell (IC50: 55.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL). Upon evaluation of the mechanism of action, the toxicity was mediated through an increased level of reactive radicals of oxygen and the subsequent release of cytochrome C, indicative of mitotoxicity. Hence, the D-Limonene rich essential oil of C. limetta is useful as a strong antibacterial and cytotoxic agent; the antioxidant properties exhibited also increase its utility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.P.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Naduvilthara U. Visakh
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
| | - Anju Sasidharan
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Calicut 673008, India
| | - Berin Pathrose
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur 680656, India
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.P.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (B.P.); (O.J.O.)
| | - Abdullah Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia
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Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Various Solvent Extracts of Artemisia judaica and Their Potential Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111885. [PMID: 36431020 PMCID: PMC9697586 DOI: 10.3390/life12111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solvents play an important role in the extraction process by considerably affecting the amount and nature of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Thus, the effect of solvents must be investigated to obtain desired biological properties of plant extracts. In the current study, we extracted aerial parts of Artemisia judaica, native to Saudi Arabia, in three different solvents, including methanol (MeOH), hexane (Hex), and chloroform (Chl). Obtained extracts from the aerial parts of A. judaica were analysed by GC-MS and GC-FID techniques, which resulted in the identification of 46, 18, and 17 phytoconstituents from the Hex, Chl, and MeOH extracts, respectively. All the extracts contain oxygenated terpenes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatics as major classes of compounds in varying amounts. Among the various phytoconstituents identified, piperitone was the dominant compound and was found in all the extracts in different amounts, specifically, 28.8, 26.1, and 20.1% in the Chl, MeOH, and Hex extracts, respectively. Moreover, all these extracts (Chl, MeOH, and Hex) were tested for the antimicrobial properties on both Gram-positive and negative bacteria as well as for their anticancer properties on four different cell lines including HepG2, DU145, Hela, and A549. Among the different extracts, the Hex and Chl extracts demonstrated identical antimicrobial properties, while the Chl extract showed superior anticancer properties when compare to the other extracts. The higher biological properties of Chl extracts including both antimicrobial and anticancer activities may be attributed to the presence of large amounts of piperitone and/or santonin, which are distinctly present in excess amounts in the Chl extract.
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There Is Not Only Cupressus sempervirens L.: A Review on the Phytochemistry and Bioactivities of the Other Cupressus L. Species. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review article reports for the first time phytochemistry, ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of all Cupressus L. species other than Cupressus sempervirens L. Indeed, the literature survey showed how many other Cupressus species are rich of important phytochemical compounds, widely used in the ethnobotanical field for several purposes and endowed with interesting biological activities, even if they are somehow neglected by the scientific community. This review aims to continue the study of these other Cupressus species and promote more research on them.
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Zhao Y, Yang YH, Ye M, Wang KB, Fan LM, Su FW. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from Origanum vulgare against Botrytis cinerea. Food Chem 2021; 365:130506. [PMID: 34237567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of Origanum vulgare was characterized, and the antifungal activity of the EO and some individual components against Botrytis cinerea (Y-BC-1) was determined. Twenty-one components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, constituting 95.7% of the EO. The major components were methyleugenol (16.5%), myristicin (15.6%), carvacrol (15.0%), thymol (9.8%), apioline (9.4%), and (Z)-β-farnesene (8.7%). B. cinerea in vitro mycelial growth and spore germination were strongly inhibited by the EO and two of its main components, thymol and carvacrol. In vivo vapor contact assays, the antifungal activity of the EO at 250 mg/L suppressed the decay of cherry tomatoes 96.39%. Moreover, thymol and carvacrol at 125 mg/L completely suppressed the gray mold. Thus, the EO of O. vulgare is a potentially nontoxic and ecofriendly botanical fungicide for postharvest control of gray mold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yun-Hai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Kai-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; Environment Resource and Plant Protection Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Ming Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Fa-Wu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
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20
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Activity of Liquid and Volatile Fractions of Essential Oils against Biofilm Formed by Selected Reference Strains on Polystyrene and Hydroxyapatite Surfaces. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050515. [PMID: 33922823 PMCID: PMC8145098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached, structured microbial communities displaying higher tolerance to antimicrobial agents in comparison to planktonic cells. An estimated 80% of all infections are thought to be biofilm-related. The drying pipeline of new antibiotics efficient against biofilm-forming pathogens urges the search for alternative routes of treatment. Essential Oils (EOs), extracted from medicinally important plants, are a reservoir of bioactive compounds that may serve as a foothold in investigating novel antibiofilm compounds. The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial activity of liquid and volatile fractions of tested EOs against biofilm-forming pathogens using different techniques. In this research, we tested five EOs, extracted from Syzygium aromaticum L., Boswelia serrata Roxb., Juniperus virginiana L., Pelargonium graveolens L. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel., against planktonic and biofilm forms of five selected reference strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. To obtain cohesive results, we applied four various methodological approaches: to assess the activity of the liquid fraction of EOs, disc diffusion and the microdilution method were applied; to test EOs’ volatile fraction, the AntiBioVol assay and modified Antibiofilm Dressing Activity Measurement (A.D.A.M.) were used. The molecular composition and dynamics of antimicrobial substances released from specific EOs was measured using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial potency of EO’s volatile fraction against biofilm formed by tested strains differed from that of the liquid fraction and was related to the molecular weight of volatile compounds. The liquid fraction of CW-EO and volatile fraction of F-EO acted in the strongest manner against biofilm of C. albicans. The addition of 0.5% Tween 20 to liquid phase, enhanced activity of G-EO against E. coli and K. pneumoniae biofilm. EO activity depended on the microbial species it was applied against and the chosen assessment methodology. While all tested EOs have shown a certain level of antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect, our results indicate that the choice of EO to be applied against a specific biofilm-forming pathogen requires careful consideration with regard to the above-listed aspects. Nevertheless, the results presented in this research contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating the beneficial effects of EOs, which may be applied to fight biofilm-forming pathogens.
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21
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Díaz-Montes E, Castro-Muñoz R. Trends in Chitosan as a Primary Biopolymer for Functional Films and Coatings Manufacture for Food and Natural Products. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:767. [PMID: 33804445 PMCID: PMC7957772 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the current challenges faced by the food industry deal with the natural ripening process and the short shelf-life of fresh and minimally processed products. The loss of vitamins and minerals, lipid oxidation, enzymatic browning, and growth of microorganisms have been the main issues for many years within the innovation and improvement of food packaging, which seeks to preserve and protect the product until its consumption. Most of the conventional packaging are petroleum-derived plastics, which after product consumption becomes a major concern due to environmental damage provoked by their difficult degradation. In this sense, many researchers have shown interest in edible films and coatings, which represent an environmentally friendly alternative for food packaging. To date, chitosan (CS) is among the most common materials in the formulation of these biodegradable packaging together with polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids. The good film-forming and biological properties (i.e., antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral) of CS have fostered its usage in food packaging. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to collect and discuss the latest development works (over the last five years) aimed at using CS in the manufacture of edible films and coatings for food preservation. Particular attention has been devoted to relevant findings in the field, together with the novel preparation protocols of such biodegradable packaging. Finally, recent trends in new concepts of composite films and coatings are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Díaz-Montes
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto s/n Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticoman, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca. Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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22
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Nehme R, Andrés S, Pereira RB, Ben Jemaa M, Bouhallab S, Ceciliani F, López S, Rahali FZ, Ksouri R, Pereira DM, Abdennebi-Najar L. Essential Oils in Livestock: From Health to Food Quality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:330. [PMID: 33672283 PMCID: PMC7926721 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using plant essential oils (EOs) contributes to the growing number of natural plants' applications in livestock. Scientific data supporting the efficacy of EOs as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant molecules accumulates over time; however, the cumulative evidence is not always sufficient. EOs antioxidant properties have been investigated mainly from human perspectives. Still, so far, our review is the first to combine the beneficial supporting properties of EOs in a One Health approach and as an animal product quality enhancer, opening new possibilities for their utilization in the livestock and nutrition sectors. We aim to compile the currently available data on the main anti-inflammatory effects of EOs, whether encapsulated or not, with a focus on mammary gland inflammation. We will also review the EOs' antioxidant activities when given in the diet or as a food preservative to counteract oxidative stress. We emphasize EOs' in vitro and in vivo ruminal microbiota and mechanisms of action to promote animal health and performance. Given the concept of DOHaD (Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases), supplementing animals with EOs in early life opens new perspectives in the nutrition sector. However, effective evaluation of the significant safety components is required before extending their use to livestock and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Nehme
- Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France;
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, F-35042 Rennes, France;
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain; (S.A.); (S.L.)
| | - Renato B. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto R Jorge Viterbo Ferreir 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.B.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Meriem Ben Jemaa
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif BP 901 2050, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (F.Z.R.); (R.K.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Secundino López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain; (S.A.); (S.L.)
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Fatma Zohra Rahali
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif BP 901 2050, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (F.Z.R.); (R.K.)
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif BP 901 2050, Tunisia; (M.B.J.); (F.Z.R.); (R.K.)
| | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto R Jorge Viterbo Ferreir 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (R.B.P.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Latifa Abdennebi-Najar
- Quality and Health Department, IDELE Institute, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris CEDEX 12, France;
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR_S_938, 75020 Paris, France
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23
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A Recent Insight Regarding the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249653. [PMID: 33348921 PMCID: PMC7765853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Origanum vulgare L. is a widely used aromatic plant, especially due to its content in essential oil, mainly rich in carvacrol and thymol. The ethnopharmacological uses of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) comprise digestive, respiratory, or dermatological disorders. The review focuses on the increasing number of recent studies investigating several biological activities of OEO. The bioactivities are in tight relation to the phytochemical profile of the essential oil, and also depend on taxonomic, climatic, and geographical characteristics of the plant material. The antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, skin disorders beneficial effects, next to antihyperglycemic and anti-Alzheimer activities were reported and confirmed in multiple studies. Moreover, recent studies indicate a positive impact on skin disorders of OEO formulated as nanocarrier systems in order to improve its bioavailability and, thus, enhancing its therapeutic benefits. The review brings an up to date regarding the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, underlining also the most successful pharmaceutical formulation used for skin disorders.
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24
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Deep learning model for classification and bioactivity prediction of essential oil-producing plants from Egypt. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21349. [PMID: 33288845 PMCID: PMC7721748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliance on deep learning techniques has become an important trend in several science domains including biological science, due to its proven efficiency in manipulating big data that are often characterized by their non-linear processes and complicated relationships. In this study, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has been recruited, as one of the deep learning techniques, to be used in classifying and predicting the biological activities of the essential oil-producing plant/s through their chemical compositions. The model is established based on the available chemical composition’s information of a set of endemic Egyptian plants and their biological activities. Another type of machine learning algorithms, Multiclass Neural Network (MNN), has been applied on the same Essential Oils (EO) dataset. This aims to fairly evaluate the performance of the proposed CNN model. The recorded accuracy in the testing process for both CNN and MNN is 98.13% and 81.88%, respectively. Finally, the CNN technique has been adopted as a reliable model for classifying and predicting the bioactivities of the Egyptian EO-containing plants. The overall accuracy for the final prediction process is reported as approximately 97%. Hereby, the proposed deep learning model could be utilized as an efficient model in predicting the bioactivities of, at least Egyptian, EOs-producing plants.
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25
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Sitarek P, Merecz-Sadowska A, Śliwiński T, Zajdel R, Kowalczyk T. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Medical Plants from the Lamiaceae Family as Effective Sources of Active Compounds against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2957. [PMID: 33066157 PMCID: PMC7601952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is predicted that 1.8 million new cancer cases will be diagnosed worldwide in 2020; of these, the incidence of lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers will be 22%, 9%, 7%, and 5%, respectively according to the National Cancer Institute. As the global medical cost of cancer in 2020 will exceed about $150 billion, new approaches and novel alternative chemoprevention molecules are needed. Research indicates that the plants of the Lamiaceae family may offer such potential. The present study reviews selected species from the Lamiaceae and their active compounds that may have the potential to inhibit the growth of lung, breast, prostate, and colon cancer cells; it examines the effects of whole extracts, individual compounds, and essential oils, and it discusses their underlying molecular mechanisms of action. The studied members of the Lamiaceae are sources of crucial phytochemicals that may be important modulators of cancer-related molecular targets and can be used as effective factors to support anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland; (A.M.-S.); (R.Z.)
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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26
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Gong X, Wang B, Yan L, Lu X, Zhao X. Linalool inhibits the growth of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells with involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:181. [PMID: 32934748 PMCID: PMC7471647 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Linalool can inhibit the malignant proliferation of numerous human malignant solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. However, the role of linalool in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) remains unclear. In the present study, human T-ALL cell lines (Jurkat, H9, Molt-4 and Raji cells) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors were treated with various concentrations of linalool (3.75, 7.50, 15.00, 30.00, 60.00 and 120.00 µM, respectively). A CCK-8 assay was used to analyse cell viability and it demonstrated that linalool inhibited the growth of T-ALL cells in a dose-dependent manner, but did not significantly affect normal PBMCs. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis and demonstrated that linalool reduced the percentage of T-ALL cells at the G0/G1 phase, and induced the apoptosis of T-ALL cells. RNA sequencing was conducted on an Illumina HiSeq X Series 2500 before and after treatment with linalool followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. It was demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was involved in the effect of linalool on T-ALL cells. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to verify the mRNA and protein levels, respectively of the genes in the signaling pathway identified. In addition, it was found that linalool significantly inhibited phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 protein expression and enhanced p-JNK protein expression of T-ALL cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed that linalool inhibits T-ALL cell survival with involvement of the MAPK signaling pathway. JNK activation and ERK inhibition may play a functional role in apoptosis induction of T-ALL cells. Linalool may be developed as a novel anti T-ALL agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Gong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Baiyong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310000, P.R. China
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27
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Han X, Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang L, Yu S. Antitumor potential of Hedyotis diffusa Willd: A systematic review of bioactive constituents and underlying molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110735. [PMID: 34321173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy can extend the life of cancer patients to some extent, but the quality of life is reduced. Therefore, the quest for more efficient and less toxic medication strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW), a Chinese herb medicine, has received great attention in the past two decades and has been well documented in clinics for antitumor activity in a variety of human cancers. This review discussed a total of 58 different kinds of active antitumor components isolated from HDW, including iridoids, flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, anthraquinones, phenolic acids, and their derivatives, sterols, and volatile oils. Their antitumor activities include inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis, regulation of the host immune response, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and protective autophagy. Besides, we provide up-to-date and systematic evidence for HDW antitumor activities and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms and reference for further development of novel drugs and dosage formulation in control of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| | - Shuwen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
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28
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Polyphenols of Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala Leaves and Associated Biological Activities. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091086. [PMID: 32847047 PMCID: PMC7570311 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala populations growing in Saudi Arabia might be rich sources of natural compounds with important biological activities. A high performance liquid chromatography diode array revealed several polyphenols in the leaf extracts for the first time, including p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, quercitrin, rutoside, quercetin and trifolin in F. alnus; and hydrocaffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and cynaroside in P. harmala. F. alnus and P. harmala showed strong antioxidant effects attributed to the polyphenolic composition of leaves and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. F. alnus and P. harmala leaf extracts showed cytotoxic effects against Jurkat, MCF-7, HeLa, and HT-29 cancer cells using MTT and flow cytometry assays. These activities were attributed to the polyphenolic composition of leaves including quercitrin, trifolin and cymaroside, as well as the activation of caspase family enzymes 2, 6, 8 and 9 in treated cancer cells compared to control. The current findings of this study include a novel comprehensive investigation on the polyphenol composition and anticancer effects of leaf extracts of F. alnus and P. harmala from natural populations in Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Sharifi-Rad M, Berkay Yılmaz Y, Antika G, Salehi B, Tumer TB, Kulandaisamy Venil C, Das G, Patra JK, Karazhan N, Akram M, Iqbal M, Imran M, Sen S, Acharya K, Dey A, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytochemical constituents, biological activities, and health-promoting effects of the genus Origanum. Phytother Res 2020; 35:95-121. [PMID: 32789910 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Origanum species are mostly distributed around the Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian, and Iran-Siberian regions. Since time immemorial, the genus has popularly been used in Southern Europe, as well as on the American continent as a spice now known all over the world under the name "oregano" or "pizza-spice." Origanum plants are also employed to prepare bitter tinctures, wines, vermouths, beer, and kvass. The major components of Origanum essential oil are various terpenes, phenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids with predominant occurrence of carvacrol and thymol (with reasonable amounts of p-cymen and -terpinene) or of terpinene-4-ol, linalool, and sabinene hydrate. Many species of Origanum genus are used to treat kidney, digestive, nervous, and respiratory disorders, spasms, sore throat, diabetes, lean menstruation, hypertension, cold, insomnia, toothache, headache, epilepsy, urinary tract infections, etc. Origanum essential oil showed potent bioactivities owing to its major constituents' carvacrol, thymol, and monoterpenes. Several preclinical studies evidenced its pharmacological potential as antiproliferative or anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, anti-obesity, renoprotective, antiinflammatory, vasoprotective, cardioprotective, antinociceptive, insecticidal, and hepatoprotective properties. Its nanotechnological applications as a promising pharmaceutical in order to enhance the solubility, physicochemical stability, and the accumulation rate of its essential oils have been investigated. However, Origanum has been reported causing angioedema, perioral dermatitis, allergic reaction, inhibition of platelet aggregation, hypoglycemia, and abortion. Conclusive evidences are still required for its clinical applications against human medical conditions. Toxicity analyses and risk assessment will aid to its safe and efficacious application. In addition, elaborate structure-activity studies are needed to explore the potential use of Origanum-derived phytochemicals as promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yakup Berkay Yılmaz
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Gizem Antika
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Surjit Sen
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.,Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Diamond Harbour, India
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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30
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Mittal RP, Rana A, Jaitak V. Essential Oils: An Impending Substitute of Synthetic Antimicrobial Agents to Overcome Antimicrobial Resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:605-624. [PMID: 30378496 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181031122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging problem in the world that has a significant impact on our society. AMR made conventional drugs futile against microorganisms and diseases untreatable. Plant-derived medicines are considered to be safe alternatives as compared to synthetic drugs. Active ingredients and the mixtures of these natural medicines have been used for centuries, due to their easy availability, low cost, and negligible side effects. Essential oils (EOs) are the secondary metabolites that are produced by aromatic plants to protect them from microorganisms. However, these EOs and their constituents have shown good fighting potential against drug-resistant pathogens. These oils have been proved extremely effective antimicrobial agents in comparison to antibiotics. Also, the combination of synthetic drugs with EOs or their components improve their efficacy. So, EOs can be established as an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents to eradicate tough form of infectious microorganisms. EO's can interact with multiple target sites, like the destruction of cytoplasm membrane or inhibition of protein synthesis and efflux pump, etc. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the antimicrobial activity of EOs attained from different plants, their combination with synthetic antimicrobials. In addition, mechanism of antimicrobial activity of several EOs and their constituents was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Pal Mittal
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Abhilash Rana
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
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Elansary HO, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A. Al-Mana F, Al-Yafrsi MA. Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis Natural Populations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E908. [PMID: 32709119 PMCID: PMC7411707 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acacia saligna and Lawsonia inermis natural populations growing in Northern Saudi Arabia might be a valuable source of polyphenols with potent biological activities. Using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), several polyphenols were detected tentatively in considerable amounts in the methanolic leaf extracts of A. saligna and L. inermis. A. saligna mainly contained rutoside, hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid and p-coumaric acid, whereas those of L. inermis contained apigenin 5-glucoside, apigetrin and gallic acid. Strong antioxidant activities were found in the leaf extracts of both species due to the presence of hyperoside, quercetin 3-glucuronide, gallic acid, isoquercetin, p-coumaric acid, quercitrin and rutoside. A. saligna and L. inermis leaf extracts as well as hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside, and quercetin 3-glucuronide significantly reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation in all investigated cancer cells compared to the control. Methanolic leaf extracts and identified polyphenols showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells, which may be attributed to necrotic cell accumulation during apoptotic periods. Antibacterial activities were also found in both species leaf extracts and were twice as high in A. saligna than L. inermis due to the high composition of rutoside and other polyphenols. Finally, strong antifungal activities were detected, which were associated with specific phenols such as rutoside, hyperoside, apigenin 5-glucoside and p-coumaric acid. This is the first study exploring the polyphenolic composition of A. saligna and L. inermis natural populations in northern Saudi Arabia and aiming at the detection of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Fahed A. Al-Mana
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Yafrsi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-M.); (M.A.A.-Y.)
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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Polyphenol Profile and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Natural Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia Populations in Northern Saudi Arabia. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New sources of polyphenols with anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in arid environments are critical for the development of alternative medicines and natural remedies. This study explored the polyphenol profiles and biological activities of methanolic leaf extracts from natural Mentha × piperita and Mentha longifolia populations in northern Saudi Arabia. Chromatographic analyses identified several polyphenols in M. × piperita including phenolic acids: rosmarinic acid (1547.6 mg/100 g DW (dry weight)), cryptochlorogenic acid (91.7 mg/100 g DW), and chlorogenic acid (69.4 mg/100 g DW), as well as flavonoids: naringin (328.8 mg/100 g DW) and cynaroside (162.8 mg/100 g DW). The major polyphenols in M. longifolia were: rosmarinic acid (781.6 mg/100 g DW), cryptochlorogenic acid (191.1 mg/100 g DW), p-coumaric acid (113.0 mg/100 g DW), m-coumaric acid (112.2 mg/100 g DW), and chlorogenic acid (63.8 mg/100 g DW). M. × piperita and M. longifolia leaf extracts had high antioxidant activities due to the major polyphenols (cynaroside, rosmarinic and cryptochlorogenic acids). M. × piperita had higher activities against different cancer cells than M. longifolia. Naringin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid had the highest activities against cancer cells. The leaf extracts had antibacterial effects against most bacteria species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most sensitive), which was attributed to the polyphenols. Antifungal activities were similarly broad (Aspergillus flavus was most sensitive) and attributed to naringin, cryptochlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. Populations of M. × piperita and M. longifolia in Northern Riyadh may be a valuable source of natural biologically active compounds.
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Saudi Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum L. Polyphenols and Biological Activities. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the polyphenolic profile of natural Rosmarinus officinalis and Ocimum basilicum populations may reveal essential compounds that have biological activities. Natural populations of R. officinalis and O. basilicum in Northern Riyadh were investigated by HPLC-DAD analyses. Several polyphenols, including rosmarinic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, rutoside, and others, out of 38 screened were confirmed. Rosmarinic acid was the major polyphenol in both of R. officinalis and O. basilicum. R. officinalis methanolic leaf extracts contained other phenols such as gentisic acid while O. basilicum contained also 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside as well as others. R. officinalis showed higher antioxidant activities than O. basilicum using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and β-carotene bleaching assays. These higher activities are associated with a higher composition of rosmarinic acid in leaf extracts. The antioxidant activities of O. basilicum were attributed to identified phenols of rosmarinic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and rutoside. There were antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of leaf extracts, as well as identified polyphenols, against several cancer cells. These activities were attributed to the accumulation of necrotic and apoptotic cells in treated cancer cells with leaf extracts as well as identified polyphenols. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extracts were mainly attributed to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and rutoside in O. basilicum and rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid in R. officinalis. This study proved that R. officinalis and O. basilicum natural populations might be considered as promising sources of natural polyphenols with biological activities.
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Malus baccata var. gracilis and Malus toringoides Bark Polyphenol Studies and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring new sources of polyphenols with biological activities that work against human diseases is the target of natural product studies. This study determined the polyphenol composition of the bark of Malus species M. baccata var. gracilis (Rehder) T.C.Ku and M. toringoides (Rehder) Hughes, using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The antiproliferative, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial applications of these extracts, as well as the identified phenol, were studied. The HPLC-DAD analysis confirmed three polyphenols in the extracts out of the 21 screened compounds: protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. The major constituents in M. baccata and M. toringoides were protocatechuic acid, at 3.16 and 7.15 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (DW), respectively, and catechin, at 5.55 and 6.80 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively. M. baccata and M. toringoides bark extracts showed antioxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, which were attributed to the dominance of protocatechuic acid. The highest antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects were against Jurkat cells. Against MCF-7 and Hela cells, there was necrotic cell accumulation in the early apoptotic as well as the late apoptotic phase. The bark extracts showed noticeable antibacterial effects against Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli. Protocatechuic acid showed comparable results to bark extracts. There were antifungal effects against Aspergillus ochraceus, A. niger, and Candida albicans, and the activities were higher than the commercial reagent. M. baccata and M. toringoides could be considered as a new source of phenolic acids, including protocatechuic acid with anticancer, antibacterial antifungal, and antioxidant-promising effects.
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Mass Spectral Fragmentation of Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Using GC–MS Semi-Empirical Calculations and Biological Potential. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The volatile constituents of the essential oil of local Pelargonium graveolens growing in Egypt was investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the main constituents were citronellol (27.67%), cis-Menthone (10.23%), linalool (10.05%), eudesmol (9.40%), geraniol formate 6.87%, and rose oxide (5.77%), which represent the major components in the obtained GC total ion chromatogram. The structural determination of the main constitutes based on their electron ionization mass spectra have been investigated. The MS of these compounds are absolutely identical in mass values of peaks of fragment ions, where their relative intensities have minor differences. In the spectra of all studied compounds, the observed characteristic ions were [M-H2O]+ and [M-CH3]+. The latter has a structure with m/z 69, 83. Different quantum parameters were obtained using Modified Neglect of Diatomic Overlap (MNDO) semi-empirical method as total energy, binding energy, heat of formations, ionization energy, the energy of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), energy gap Δ, and dipole moment. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of P. graveolens essential oil and identified compounds were tested against wide collection of organisms. The individual identified compounds in the essential oil—citronellol, cis-Menthone, and linalool (except eudesmol)—showed comparable activity to antibiotics. The most active isolated compound was the citronellol and the lowest MIC was found against E. coli. The essential oil showed high antifungal effects and this activity was attributed to cis-Menthone, eudesmol, and citronellol (excluding linalool). cis-Menthone was the most active compound against selected fungi followed by the eudesmol The study recommends local P. graveolens and identified active compounds for further applications in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial, and Antifungal Activities of Polyphenol Extracts from Ferocactus Species. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, obtained from natural resources, may possess important pharmacological effects. The polyphenolic profiles of the stem extracts of six Ferocactus species (sp.): F. gracilis, F. pottsii, F. herrerae, F. horridus, F. glaucescens, and F. emoryi, were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode-array detection (DAD). Additionally, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were examined. Results showed the presence of high to moderate amounts of polyphenols in the extracts (phenolic acids: Protocatechuic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, caffeic acid, and vanillic acid; flavonoids: Rutoside and quercitrin). The highest amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid were found in F. glaucescens ((132.09 mg 100 g−1 dry weight (DW)), F. pottsii (75.71 mg 100 g−1 DW), and F. emoryi (69.14 mg 100 g−1 DW) while rutoside content was highest in F. glaucescens (107.66 mg 100 g−1 DW). Maximum antiproliferative activities were observed against HeLa and Jurkat cancer cells, with F. glaucescens, F. emoryi, and F. pottsii showing the highest anticancer activity. Most bacteria were sensitive to Ferocactus sp. stem extracts. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most sensitive. Excellent antifungal effects were observed against Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger. However, Penicillium funiculosum, P. ochrochloron, and Candida albicans were relatively resistant. This is the first study reporting novel sources of polyphenols in Ferocactus sp. with anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
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Karpiński TM. Essential Oils of Lamiaceae Family Plants as Antifungals. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010103. [PMID: 31936168 PMCID: PMC7023020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fungal infections has been steadily increasing in recent years. Systemic mycoses are characterized by the highest mortality. At the same time, the frequency of infections caused by drug-resistant strains and new pathogens e.g., Candida auris increases. An alternative to medicines may be essential oils, which can have a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Rich in the essential oils are plants from the Lamiaceae family. In this review are presented antifungal activities of essential oils from 72 Lamiaceae plants. More than half of these have good activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) < 1000 µg/mL) against fungi. The best activity (MICs < 100) have essential oils from some species of the genera Clinopodium, Lavandula, Mentha, Thymbra, and Thymus. In some cases were observed significant discrepancies between different studies. In the review are also shown the most important compounds of described essential oils. To the chemical components most commonly found as the main ingredients include β-caryophyllene (41 plants), linalool (27 plants), limonene (26), β-pinene (25), 1,8-cineole (22), carvacrol (21), α-pinene (21), p-cymene (20), γ-terpinene (20), and thymol (20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
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O. Elansary H, Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Jafernik K, Ekiert H, Mahmoud EA, Abdelmoneim Barakat A, O. El-Ansary D. Mammillaria Species-Polyphenols Studies and Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Bacterial Activities. Molecules 2019; 25:E131. [PMID: 31905725 PMCID: PMC6982789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering new natural resources of polyphenols is the aim of many recent studies in the field of natural product research. This study tentatively investigated the polyphenols profile of the stems of seven Mammillaria species (M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. hahniana, M. crucigera, M. candida, M. albilanata, and M. muehlenpfordtii) using high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detector (HPLC-DAD) method. Furthermore, the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial potentials of these extracts as well as major identified phenols were explored. The HPLC-DAD study confirmed the availability of six phenolic acids, including gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The dominant compounds were: gentisic acid in M. rhodantha and M. spinosissima; chlorogenic acid in M. muehlenpfordtii, M. crucigera, and M. rhodantha; and caffeic acid in M. rhodantha, M. crucigera, and M. spinosissima. Stems of Mammillaria sp. showed antiproliferative effects against HeLa, MCF-7, and Jurkat cells. In HeLa and MCF-7 cells, the best antiproliferative activities were found in the treatments with M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii. The apoptotic assay of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed accumulation of necrotic cells in the early and late apoptotic phase. M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed the highest anti-oxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assays. M. rhodantha was the best source of antioxidants. Mammillaria sp. showed moderate anti-bacterial effects against bacteria and the highest effects were found using the extracts of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. crucigera and M. muehlenpfordtii against most bacteria. The anti-bacterial activities were attributed to other phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid) than gentisic acid, which was not active against most bacteria. Mammillaria sp. could be considered to be an important natural source of phenolic acids with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolina Jafernik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.K.-S.); (K.J.)
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department of Food Industries, Damietta University, Damietta 34511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim Barakat
- Botanical Gardens Research Department, Horticultural Research Institute (ARC), Alexandria 12311, Egypt;
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
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O. Elansary H, Szopa A, Kubica P, Ekiert H, A. Mattar M, Al-Yafrasi MA, El-Ansary DO, Zin El-Abedin TK, Yessoufou K. Polyphenol Profile and Pharmaceutical Potential of Quercus spp. Bark Extracts. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110486. [PMID: 31717611 PMCID: PMC6918147 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted profiling of polyphenols in trees may reveal valuable sources of natural compounds with major applications in pharmacology and disease control. The current study targeted the profiling of polyphenols using HPLC-DAD in Quercus robur, Q. macrocarpa and Q. acutissima bark extracts. Free radical scavenging of each extract was investigated using antioxidant assays. Antimicrobial activities against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi were explored, as well as anticancer activities against different cancer cell lines. The HPLC-DAD analyses revealed the availability of several polyphenols in high amounts, including ellagic acid (in Q. robur) and caffeic acid (in Q. macrocarpa) in all three species. The bioactivity assay revealed high antioxidant activity in Q. robur compared to that of the other species, as well as phenolic standards. The three oak bark extracts showed clear antibacterial activities against most bacteria tested, with the highest antibacterial activities in the extracts of Q. robur. In addition, the three extracts showed higher antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus flavus, and Escherichia coli compared to that of other bacteria. There were strong antifungal activities against some fungi, such as Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Penicillium ochrochloron. There were also noticeable anticancer activities against MCF-7, HeLa, Jurkat, and HT-29 cell lines, with the highest anticancer activity in the extracts of Q. robur. This is the first study that reveals not only novel sources of important polyphenols (e.g., ellagic acid) in Q. robur, Q. macrocarpa and Q. acutissima bark but also their anticancer activities against diverse cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam O. Elansary
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Floriculture, Ornamental Horticulture, and Garden Design Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-581216322
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Paweł Kubica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (P.K.); (H.E.)
| | - Mohamed A. Mattar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (T.K.Z.E.-A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Al-Yafrasi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa O. El-Ansary
- Precision Agriculture Laboratory, Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Tarek K. Zin El-Abedin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (T.K.Z.E.-A.)
| | - Kowiyou Yessoufou
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management, and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, APK campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
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