1
|
Shi Z, Pan JC, Ru Y, Shen NN, Liu YF, Zhang C, Wu XJ, Li FY, Cui JL, Yang CQ, Yang JL, Li MX, Xiao CR, Ma ZC, Li C, Wang YG, Gao Y. Positive benefit-risk ratio of Psoraleae Fructus: Comprehensive safety assessment and osteogenic effects in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117967. [PMID: 38431111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoraleae Fructus (PF), the dried fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., is a commonly used traditional medicine that has contributed to the treatment of orthopedic diseases for thousands of years in China. However, recent PF-related liver injury reports have drawn widespread attention regarding its potential hepatotoxicity risks. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and chronic toxicity of PF using a 26-week administration experiment on rats in order to simulate the clinical usage situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PF aqueous extract was consecutively administrated to rats daily at dosages of 0.7, 2.0, and 5.6 g/kg (equivalent to 1-8 times the clinical doses for humans) for as long as 26 weeks. Samples were collected after 13, 26, and 32 weeks (withdrawal for 6 weeks) since the first administration. The chronic toxicity of PF was evaluated by conventional toxicological methods, and the efficacy of PF was evaluated by osteogenic effects in the natural growth process. RESULTS In our experiments, only the H group (5.6 g/kg) for 26-week PF treatment demonstrated liver or kidney injury, which the injuries were reversible after 6 weeks of withdrawal. Notably, the PF treatment beyond 13 weeks showed significant benefits for bone growth and development in rats, with a higher benefit-risk ratio in female rats. CONCLUSIONS PF displayed a promising benefit-risk ratio in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, a disease that lacks effective medicine so far. This is the first study to elucidate the benefit-risk balance associated with clinical dosage and long-term use of PF, thereby providing valuable insights for rational clinical use and risk control of PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin-Chao Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China; Faculty of Environment and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yu-Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Fang-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jia-Lu Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Chun-Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Mao-Xing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen LM, Qian ST, Li ZQ, He MF, Li HJ. Psoralen and Isopsoralen, Two Estrogen -Like Natural Products from Psoraleae Fructus, Induced Cholestasis via Activation of ERK1/2. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:804-813. [PMID: 38646980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing use of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy, the incidence of estrogen-induced cholestasis (EC) has tended to rise. Psoralen (P) and isopsoralen (IP) are the major bioactive components in Psoraleae Fructus, and their estrogen-like activities have already been recognized. Recent studies have also reported that ERK1/2 plays a critical role in EC in mice. This study aimed to investigate whether P and IP induce EC and reveal specific mechanisms. It was found that P and IP increased the expression of esr1, cyp19a1b and the levels of E2 and VTG at 80 μM in zebrafish larvae. Exemestane (Exe), an aromatase antagonist, blocked estrogen-like activities of P and IP. At the same time, P and IP induced cholestatic hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae with increasing liver fluorescence areas and bile flow inhibition rates. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that P and IP significantly decreased the expression of bile acids (BAs) synthesis genes cyp7a1 and cyp8b1, BAs transport genes abcb11b and slc10a1, and BAs receptor genes nr1h4 and nr0b2a. In addition, P and IP caused EC by increasing the level of phosphorylation of ERK1/2. The ERK1/2 antagonists GDC0994 and Exe both showed significant rescue effects in terms of cholestatic liver injury. In conclusion, we comprehensively studied the specific mechanisms of P- and IP-induced EC and speculated that ERK1/2 may represent an important therapeutic target for EC induced by phytoestrogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Si-Tong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhuo-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming-Fang He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ni X, Gao C, Zhu X, Zhang X, Fang Y, Hao Z. Isobavachalcone induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish embryos and HepG2 cells via the System Xc --GSH-GPX4 signaling pathway in ferroptosis response. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38581191 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a flavonoid component of the traditional Chinese medicine Psoraleae Fructus, with a range of pharmacological properties. However, IBC causes some hepatotoxicity, and the mechanism of toxicity is unclear. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possible mechanism of toxicity of IBC on HepG2 cells and zebrafish embryos. The results showed that exposure to IBC increased zebrafish embryo mortality and decreased hatchability. Meanwhile, IBC induced liver injury and increased expression of ALT and AST activity. Further studies showed that IBC caused the increase of ROS and MDA the decrease of CAT, GSH, and GSH-Px; the increase of Fe2+ content; and the changes of ferroptosis related genes (acsl4, gpx4, and xct) and iron storage related genes (tf, fth, and fpn) in zebrafish embryos. Through in vitro verification, it was found that IBC also caused oxidative stress and increased Fe2+ content in HepG2 cells. IBC caused depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reduction of mitochondrial ATP, as well as altered expression of ACSl4, SLC7A11, GPX4, and FTH1 proteins. Treatment of HepG2 cells with ferrostatin-1 could reverse the effect of IBC. Targeting the System Xc--GSH-GPX4 pathway of ferroptosis and preventing oxidative stress damage might offer a theoretical foundation for practical therapy and prevention of IBC-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhang
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhuo Fang
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao SY, Zhao JC, Xia Q, Sun C, Aili M, Talifu A, Huo SX, Zhang Y, Li ZJ. Evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of Psoralea corylifolia L. based on a zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1308655. [PMID: 38449808 PMCID: PMC10914953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1308655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Psoralea corylifolia L. (FP) has received increasing attention due to its potential hepatotoxicity. Methods: In this study, zebrafish were treated with different concentrations of an aqueous extract of FP (AEFP; 40, 50, or 60 μg/mL), and the hepatotoxic effects of tonicity were determined by the mortality rate, liver morphology, fluorescence area and intensity of the liver, biochemical indices, and pathological tissue staining. The mRNA expression of target genes in the bile acid metabolic signaling pathway and lipid metabolic pathway was detected by qPCR, and the mechanism of toxicity was initially investigated. AEFP (50 μg/mL) was administered in combination with FXR or a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist/inhibitor to further define the target of toxicity. Results: Experiments on toxic effects showed that, compared with no treatment, AEFP administration resulted in liver atrophy, a smaller fluorescence area in the liver, and a lower fluorescence intensity (p < 0.05); alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and γ-GT levels were significantly elevated in zebrafish (p < 0.01), and TBA, TBIL, total cholesterol (TC), TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were elevated to different degrees (p < 0.05); and increased lipid droplets in the liver appeared as fatty deposits. Molecular biological validation revealed that AEFP inhibited the expression of the FXR gene, causing an increase in the expression of the downstream genes SHP, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, BSEP, MRP2, NTCP, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), ME-1, SCD-1, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), CPT-1, and CPT-2 and a decrease in the expression of PPARα (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that tonic acid extracts are hepatotoxic to zebrafish through the inhibition of FXR and PPARα expression, thereby causing bile acid and lipid metabolism disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Gao
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Maimaiti Aili
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Ainiwaer Talifu
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Shi-Xia Huo
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Li
- Uyghur Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based and Translation, Hospital Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ürümqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nizam NN, Mahmud S, Ark SMA, Kamruzzaman M, Hasan MK. Bakuchiol, a natural constituent and its pharmacological benefits. F1000Res 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 38021404 PMCID: PMC10683784 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129072.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability relative to chemically synthesized compounds. Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia L. is one such compound; it is a type of meroterpene derived from the leaves and seeds of Psoralea corylifolia plants. Natural sources of bakuchiol have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries due to its preventive benefits against tumors and inflammation. It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This review has focused on bakuchiol's extraction, therapeutic applications, and pharmacological benefits. Methods A search strategy has been followed to retrieve the relevant newly published literature on the pharmacological benefits of bakuchiol. After an extensive study of the retrieved articles and maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 articles were finally selected for this review. Results Strong support of primary research on the protective effects via antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities are delineated. Conclusions From ancient to modern life, medicinal plants have always been drawing the attention of human beings to alleviate ailments for a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This review is a comprehensive approach to highlighting bona fide essential pharmacological benefits and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuder Nower Nizam
- Department of Public Health, American International University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - S M Albar Ark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu XY, Xie LJ, He JJ, Yan XX, Zhang FF, Xu YY, Li YB. Lipidomics reveals the lipid metabolism disorders in Fructus Psoraleae-induced hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1229:123898. [PMID: 37827069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the important traditional Chinese medicines, is widely used in clinic and has been reported to be hepatotoxic. However, there is no report on the mechanism of FP-induced hepatotoxicity based on the theory of You Gu Wu Yun. In this study, plasma samples of rats with different kidney deficiency syndromes were investigated using a lipidomics approach based on UPLC/Q-TOF-MS technique. Firstly, multivariate statistical analysis, VIP value test, statistical test and other methods were used to find the lipid metabolites in the two syndrome model groups that were different from the normal group. The screening of differential lipid metabolites revealed that there were 12 biomarkers between the blank group and the kidney-yang deficiency model group as well as 16 differential metabolites between the kidney-yin deficiency model group, and finally a total of 17 relevant endogenous metabolites were identified, which could be used as differential lipid metabolites to distinguish between kidney-yin deficiency and kidney-yang deficiency evidence. Secondly, the relative content changes of metabolites in rats after administration of FP decoction were further compared to find the substances associated with toxicity after administration, and the diagnostic ability of the identified biomarkers was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results a total of 14 potential differential lipid metabolites, including LysoPC(20:0/0:0) and LysoPC(16:0/0:0), which may be related to hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome were further screened, namely, the potential active lipid metabolites related to hepatotoxicity in rats induced by FP. Finally, cluster analysis, MetPA analysis and KEGG database were used to analyze metabolic pathways. It was discovered that the metabolism of glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid may be strongly related to the mechanism of hepatotoxicity brought on by FP. Overall, we described the lipidomics changes in rats treated with FP decoction and screened out 14 lipid metabolites related to hepatotoxicity in rats with kidney-yin deficiency, which served as a foundation for the theory of "syndrome differentiation and treatment" in traditional Chinese medicine and a guide for further investigation into the subsequent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li-Juan Xie
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jun-Jie He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xing-Xu Yan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan-Yan Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yu-Bo Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen P, Bai ZJ, Zhou L, Wang NN, Ni ZX, Sun DZ, Huang CS, Hu YY, Xiao CR, Zhou W, Zhang BL, Gao Y. A Scd1-mediated metabolic alteration participates in liver responses to low-dose bavachin. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:806-816. [PMID: 37577386 PMCID: PMC10422113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity induced by bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicines or herbs, such as bavachin (BV) in Fructus Psoraleae, has a prolonged latency to overt drug-induced liver injury in the clinic. Several studies have described BV-induced liver damage and underlying toxicity mechanisms, but little attention has been paid to the deciphering of organisms or cellular responses to BV at no-observed-adverse-effect level, and the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific indicators are also lacking during the asymptomatic phase, making it much harder for early recognition of hepatotoxicity. Here, we treated mice with BV for 7 days and did not detect any abnormalities in biochemical tests, but found subtle steatosis in BV-treated hepatocytes. We then profiled the gene expression of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells at single-cell resolution and discovered three types of hepatocyte subsets in the BV-treated liver. Among these, the hepa3 subtype suffered from a vast alteration in lipid metabolism, which was characterized by enhanced expression of apolipoproteins, carboxylesterases, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). In particular, increased Scd1 promoted monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) synthesis and was considered to be related to BV-induced steatosis and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generation, which participates in the initiation of ferroptosis. Additionally, we demonstrated that multiple intrinsic transcription factors, including Srebf1 and Hnf4a, and extrinsic signals from niche cells may regulate the above-mentioned molecular events in BV-treated hepatocytes. Collectively, our study deciphered the features of hepatocytes in response to BV insult, decoded the underlying molecular mechanisms, and suggested that Scd1 could be a hub molecule for the prediction of hepatotoxicity at an early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning-Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhe-Xin Ni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - De-Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cong-Shu Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yang-Yi Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bo-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao C, Liu C, Wei Y, Wang Q, Ni X, Wu S, Fang Y, Hao Z. The acute oral toxicity test of ethanol extract of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus and its acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116334. [PMID: 36863638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoraleae Fructus is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine which has long been used to warm and tonify the kidney and treat diseases such as osteoporosis and diarrhea. However, it may cause multiorgan injury, which limited its use. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify the components of ethanol extract of salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus (EEPF) and systematically investigate its acute oral toxicity and the mechanism underlying its acute hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the UHPLC-HRMS analysis was carried out for components identification. Followed by acute oral toxicity test in Kunming mice, which received oral gavage of EEPF from 3.85 to 78.00 g/kg. Body weight, organ indexes, biochemical analysis, morphology, histopathology, oxidative stress state, TUNEL, mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway were evaluated to study the EEPF-induced acute hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. RESULTS The results showed that 107 compounds such as psoralen and isopsoralen were identified in EEPF. And the acute oral toxicity test demonstrated the LD50 of EEPF was 15.95 g/kg in Kunming mice. The survival mice displayed non-significant difference in body weight compared with Control at the end of the observation period. And the organ indexes of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney showed no significant difference. However, the morphological and histopathological changes of these organs in high-dose-groups mice indicated that the liver and kidney might be the main target toxic organs of EEPF, which showed hepatocyte degeneration with lipid droplets and protein cast in kidney. It could be confirmed by the significant increases of liver and kidney function parameters such as AST, ALT, LDH, BUN, and Crea. In addition, the oxidative stress markers, MDA in the liver and kidney was significantly increased while SOD, CAT, GSH-Px (only liver), and GSH were significantly decreased. Furthermore, EEPF increased the TUNEL-positive cells and the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC and GSDMD in liver with increased protein expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Notably, cell viability test showed that the specific inhibitor of Caspase-1 could reverse the Hep-G2 cell death induced by EEPF. CONCLUSION To summarize, this study analyzed the 107 compounds of EEPF. The acute oral toxicity test demonstrated the LD50 value of EEPF was 15.95 g/kg in Kunming mice and the liver and kidney might be the main target toxic organs of EEPF. It caused liver injury through oxidative stress and pyroptotic damage via NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingtao Wang
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xuan Ni
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yizhuo Fang
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Psoraleae Fructus Ethanol Extract Induced Hepatotoxicity via Impaired Lipid Metabolism Caused by Disruption of Fatty Acid β-Oxidation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4202861. [PMID: 36647431 PMCID: PMC9840557 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4202861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herb-induced liver injury (HILI) is gradually increasing, and Psoraleae Fructus (PF) has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity. However, its underlying toxicity mechanism has been only poorly revealed. In this paper, we attempted to explore the liver injury and mechanism caused by Psoraleae Fructus ethanol extract (PFE). First, we administered PFE to mice for 4 weeks and evaluated their serum liver function indices. H&E staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of the livers. Oil red O staining was used to visualize hepatic lipids. Serum-untargeted metabolomics and liver proteomics were used to explore the mechanism of PF hepatotoxicity, and transmission electron microscopy was determined to assess mitochondria and western blot to determine potential target proteins expression. The results showed that PFE caused abnormal liver biochemical indicators and liver tissue injury in mice, and there was substantial fat accumulation in liver tissue in this group. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that PFE changed bile acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, etc., and eight metabolites, including linoleic acid, which could be used as potential biomarkers of PFE hepatotoxicity. Proteomic analysis revealed that differential proteins were clustered in the mitochondrial transmembrane transport, the long-chain fatty acid metabolic process and purine ribonucleotide metabolic process. Multiomics analysis showed that eight pathways were enriched in both metabolomics and proteomics, such as bile secretion, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. The downregulation of SLC27A5, CPT1A, NDUFB5, and COX6A1 and upregulation of cytochrome C and ABCC3 expressions also confirmed the impaired fatty acid oxidative catabolism. Altogether, this study revealed that PFE induced hepatotoxicity by damaging mitochondria, reducing fatty acid β-oxidation levels, and inhibiting fatty acids ingested by bile acids.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang C, Fan S, Zhao JQ, Jiang Y, Sun JX, Li HJ. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal the role of CYP1A2 in psoralen/isopsoralen-induced metabolic activation and hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res 2023; 37:163-180. [PMID: 36056681 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Psoralen and isopsoralen are the pharmacologically important but hepatotoxic components in Psoraleae Fructus. The purpose of this study was to reveal the underlying mechanism of psoralen/isopsoralen-induced hepatotoxicity. Initially, we applied integrated analyses of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in mice treated with psoralen and isopsoralen, highlighting the xenobiotic metabolism by cytochromes P450 as a potential pathway. Then, with verifications of expression levels by qRT-PCR and western blot, affinities by molecular docking, and metabolic contributions by recombinant human CYP450 and mouse liver microsomes, CYP1A2 was screened out as the key metabolic enzyme. Afterwards, CYP1A2 induction and inhibition models in HepG2 cells and mice were established to verify the role of CYP1A2, demonstrating that induction of CYP1A2 aggravated the hepatotoxicity, and conversely inhibition alleviated the hepatotoxic effects. Additionally, we detected glutathione adducts with reactive intermediates of psoralen and isopsoralen generated by CYP1A2 metabolism in biosystems of recombinant human CYP1A2 and mouse liver microsomes, CYP1A2-overexpressed HepG2 cells, mice livers and the chemical reaction system using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Ultimately, the high-content screening presented the cellular oxidative stress and relevant hepatotoxicity due to glutathione depletion by reactive intermediates. In brief, our findings illustrated that CYP1A2-mediated metabolic activation is responsible for the psoralen/isopsoralen-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Quan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Xing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
SHI Z, GAO J, PAN J, ZHANG Z, ZHANG G, WANG Y, GAO Y. A systematic review on the safety of Psoraleae Fructus: potential risks, toxic characteristics, underlying mechanisms and detoxification methods. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:805-813. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Wang Y, Xue Y, Guo HD. Intervention effects of traditional Chinese medicine on stem cell therapy of myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1013740. [PMID: 36330092 PMCID: PMC9622800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1013740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, in which myocardial infarction accounts for 46% of total deaths. Although good progress has been achieved in medication and interventional techniques, a proven method to repair the damaged myocardium has not yet been determined. Stem cell therapy for damaged myocardial repair has evolved into a promising treatment for ischemic heart disease. However, low retention and poor survival of the injected stem cells are the major obstacles to achieving the intended therapeutic effects. Chinese botanical and other natural drug substances are a rich source of effective treatment for various diseases. As such, numerous studies have revealed the role of Chinese medicine in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction treatment, including promoting proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis, and differentiation of stem cells. Here, we discuss the potential and limitations of stem cell therapy, as well as the regulatory mechanism of Chinese medicines underlying stem cell therapy. We focus on the evidence from pre-clinical trials and clinical practices, and based on traditional Chinese medicine theories, we further summarize the mechanisms of Chinese medicine treatment in stem cell therapy by the commonly used prescriptions. Despite the pre-clinical evidence showing that traditional Chinese medicine is helpful in stem cell therapy, there are still some limitations of traditional Chinese medicine therapy. We also systematically assess the detailed experimental design and reliability of included pharmacological research in our review. Strictly controlled animal models with multi-perspective pharmacokinetic profiles and high-grade clinical evidence with multi-disciplinary efforts are highly demanded in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuezhen Xue
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Yuezhen Xue, ; Hai-dong Guo,
| | - Hai-dong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuezhen Xue, ; Hai-dong Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang D, Ding J, Feng X, Chai X, Yang J, Liu C, Zeng Y, Zhou W, Wang Y. Identification of Q-Markers from Hedan Tablet by employing “spider-web” mode and taking compounds’ hepatotoxicity into account. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:612-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
14
|
Zhao L, Yu Y, Li L, Wang J, Wang J, Su S, Ding J, Zhang Y, Wang A, Zhou K. Isobavachalcone disrupts mitochondrial respiration and induces cytotoxicity through ROS accumulation and Akt suppression. Toxicon 2022; 216:28-36. [PMID: 35780971 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone (IBC) is one of the flavonoid components in Fructus Psoraleae, and has been found multiple pharmacological effects. However, the hepatotoxicity of IBC has been overlooked and not been carefully studied. We aim to find out the cytotoxicity of IBC on HepG2 cells, and explore the underlying mechanisms. HepG2 cells were treated with IBC for 24 h, then MTT assay and LDH assay were used to detect the cell viability. The apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were reflected by the flow cytometry. Using Seahorse Analyzer, we measured the mitochondrial respiratory capacity. The expression of oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins were determined by Western blot. The results showed that IBC induced the cell death and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. IBC initiated the accumulation of ROS in cells and impaired the mitochondrial function, triggered apoptosis and suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt. Additionally, scavenging ROS by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reduced IBC-induced mitochondria damage and increased Akt phosphorylation. Taken together, IBC caused mitochondrial damage and induced hepatotoxicity by ROS accumulation and Akt suppression. Targeting oxidative stress and depressing mitochondrial damage may provide a theoretical basis for the treatment and prevention of IBC-induced hepatotoxicity in clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yingli Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shijia Su
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Anhong Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, 731600, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Soares PF, Fernandes MTCF, Souza ADS, Lopes CM, Dos Santos DAC, Oliveira DPR, Pereira MG, Prado NMDBL, Gomes GSDS, Santos G, Paraná R. Causality imputation between herbal products and HILI: An algorithm evaluation in a systematic review. Ann Hepatol 2022; 25:100539. [PMID: 34555512 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Algorithms can have several purposes in the clinical practice. There are different scales for causality imputation in DILI (Drug-Induced Liver Injury), but the applicability and validity of these for the HILI (Herb-Induced Liver Injury) evaluation is questionable for some scales. The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical and demographic profile of the patients with HILI, and the main algorithmic scales used in its causality assessment. The methodology was a systematic review of articles in English, Spanish, or Portuguese language, from 1979 to 2019, involving humans, with descriptors related to HILI. Qualitative and quantitative statistical analysis were performed. As a result, from a total of 60 articles, 203 HILI reports were selected: 59.9% were women, similar with other studies, and the average age was 45.8 years. Jaundice was the most frequent symptom and regarding the type of lesion, the hepatocellular was the most frequent. In regard to HILI severity, 3.0% were severe and 7.6% were fatal or required liver transplantation. In 72.3% of the cases, the most used algorithm was RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method). The conclusion of the study is that RUCAM was the most used algorithm for causality assessment in HILI. The patients were predominantly female, jaundice was the main symptom, and HILI is reversible in the majority of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Felipe Soares
- School Medicine of Bahia- University Federal of Bahia, Av. Rector Miguel Calmon, S/N - Vale do Canela, 40110-100, Salvador - BA, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Caio Medina Lopes
- Faculty of Pharmacy - University Federal of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Genário Santos
- Sciences of Health Post Graduation Program - University Federal of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Raymundo Paraná
- School Medicine of Bahia- University Federal of Bahia, Av. Rector Miguel Calmon, S/N - Vale do Canela, 40110-100, Salvador - BA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang D, Guo J, Chai X, Yang J, Wang Y, Gao X. Dynamic variations of bioactive compounds driven by enzymes in Psoralea corylifolia L. from growth to storage and processing. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
17
|
Guo Z, Li P, Wang C, Kang Q, Tu C, Jiang B, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang T. Five Constituents Contributed to the Psoraleae Fructus-Induced Hepatotoxicity via Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682823. [PMID: 34950022 PMCID: PMC8688997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Psoraleae Fructus (PF)-induced hepatotoxicity has been reported in clinical and animal experiments. However, the hepatotoxic constituents and mechanisms underlying PF-induced toxicity have remained unclear. Therefore, this study explored the potentially toxic PF components and revealed their relative mechanisms. Methods: The hepatotoxicity of PF water (PFW) and ethanol (PFE) extracts was compared using Kunming mice. The different compositions between PFW and PFE, which were considered toxic compositions, were identified using the UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS method. Then, L02 and HepG2 cell lines were used to evaluate the toxicity of these compositions. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined through the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. An automatic biochemical analyzer detected the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Lastly, we used high-content screening (HCS) to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Results: The ethanol extraction process aggravated the hepatotoxicity of PF, causing more severe injuries. The content of psoralen, isopsoralen, bavachin, psoralidin, bavachinin, neobavaisoflavone, and bakuchiol was higher in the PFE than PFW. Bavachin, psoralidin, bavachinin, neobavaisoflavone, and bakuchiol induced cell apoptosis and the AST, ALT, and ALP leakages. Furthermore, these five constituents increased intracellular lipid accumulation and ROS levels but decreased the MMP level. Conclusion: The ethanol extraction process could induce severe PF hepatotoxicity. Bavachin, psoralidin, bavachinin, neobavaisoflavone, and bakuchiol are the main hepatotoxic ingredients. This mechanism could be associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, this study provides a basis for the clinical application of PF that formulates and improves its herbal standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Guo
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Li
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjun Kang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Can Tu
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqian Jiang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiling Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee A, Yang H, Kim T, Ha H, Hwang YH. Identification and pharmacokinetics of bioavailable anti-resorptive phytochemicals after oral administration of Psoralea corylifolia L. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112300. [PMID: 34653758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and resulting bone fractures are the major health issues associated with morbidity in the aging population; however, there is no effective treatment that does not cause severe side effects. In East Asia, dried seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. (PC) have traditionally been used as an herbal medicine to manage urinary tract, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as bone health. However, the mechanism of action and active biocomponents of PC are unclear. Here, we adopted a pharmacokinetic (PK) study aiming to identify the bioavailable phytochemicals in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of PC (APC) and (EPC), respectively. In addition, we aimed to determine anti-resorptive constituents of PC, which accounted for its beneficial effects on bone health. To this end, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A rapid, sensitive, and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and determined the 17 PC ingredients. In the PK study, nine components (two chalcones, two coumarins, one coumestan, two flavonoids, and two isoflavonoids) were observed between 36 and 48 h after oral administration of APC or EPC. Among the bioavailable ingredients, four PC constituents (psoralidin, isobavachin, corylifol A, and neobavaisoflavone) inhibited M-CSF-and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition, two chalcones and two isoflavonoids markedly inhibited cathepsin K activity, and their binding modes to cathepsin K were determined by molecular docking. In summary, our data suggest that bioavailable multicomponents of PC could contribute to the management of bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ami Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
UPLC-MS/MS-Based Rat Serum Metabolomics Reveals the Detoxification Mechanism of Psoraleae Fructus during Salt Processing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5597233. [PMID: 34567215 PMCID: PMC8457953 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5597233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psoraleae Fructus (PF) is a botanical medicine widely used in Asian countries, of which salt products have higher safety and efficacy. However, the biological mechanism of the detoxification of salt-processing Psoraleae Fructus (SPF) has not yet been revealed. In this study, UPLC-MS/MS technology was used to explore the metabolic differences between SPF and PF in normal rats and reveal the mechanism of salt processing. The histopathological results of rat liver and kidney showed that the degree of liver and kidney injure in the SPF group was less than that in the PF group. The results of metabolomics showed that the detoxification mechanism of PF by salt processing might be related to glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. PF-induced inflammation could be reduced by regulating the expression of metabolites to achieve the purpose of salt processing and detoxification. It included reducing the production of metabolites such as 1-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, tyrosine, arginine, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and phenylacetylglycine/hippuric acid ratio and upregulating the expression of metabolites such as creatine.
Collapse
|
20
|
Teschke R, Eickhoff A, Schulze J, Danan G. Herb-induced liver injury (HILI) with 12,068 worldwide cases published with causality assessments by Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM): an overview. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:51. [PMID: 34423172 PMCID: PMC8343418 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-20-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal products including herbal medicines are worldwide used in large amounts for treating minor ailments and for disease prevention. However, efficacy of most herbal products has rarely been well documented through randomized controlled trials in line with evidence-based medicine concepts, which could be used to estimate the benefit/risk ratio. Instead, much better documented are adverse reactions such as liver injury associated with the consumption of some herbal products, so called herb-induced liver injury (HILI), which represents a clinical challenge. In order to establish HILI as valid diagnosis, the use of a diagnostic algorithms such as Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) is widely recommended, although physicians in some countries are reluctant to use RUCAM for their HILI cases. This review on worldwide HILI and RUCAM, developed as part of the artificial intelligence ideas, reveals that China is the leading country with 24 publications on HILI cases that were all assessed for causality using RUCAM, followed by Korea with 15 reports, Germany with 9 reports, the US with 7 reports, and Spain with 6 reports, whereas the remaining countries provided less than 4 reports. The total number of assessed HILI cases is 12,068 worldwide derived from 80 publications but in each report HILI case numbers were variable in a range from 1 up to 6,971. This figure compares with 46,266 cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) published worldwide from 2014 to early 2019 also assessed for causality by RUCAM. The original version of RUCAM was validated and established in 1993 and updated in 2016 that should be used in future HILI cases. RUCAM is an objective, structured, and validated method, specifically designed for liver injury. It is a scoring system including case data elements to be assessed and scored individually to provide a final score in five causality gradings. Among the 11,404/12,068 HILI (94.5%) cases assessable for evaluation, causality gradings were highly probable in 4.2%, probable in 15.5%, possible in 70.3%, and unlikely or excluded in 10.0%. To improve the future reporting of RUCAM based HILI cases, recommendations include the strict adherence to instructions outlined in the updated RUCAM and, in particular, to follow prospective data collection on the cases to ensure completeness of case data. In conclusion, RUCAM can well be used to assess causality in suspected HILI cases, and additional efforts are now required to increase the quality of the reported cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Axel Eickhoff
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulze
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gaby Danan
- Pharmacovigilance consultancy, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qin Z, Wang P, Duan S, Wan X, Xing H, Yang J, Zhang X, Yao Z, Yao X. Potential Determinants for Metabolic Fates and Inhibitory Effects of Isobavachalcone Involving in Human Cytochrome P450, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes, and Efflux Transporters. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:2285-2294. [PMID: 33610566 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isobavachalcone, a naturally occurring chalcone in Psoralea corylifolia, posses many biological properties including anticancer, antiplatelet, and antifungal. However, its glucuronidation, glucuronides excretion, and drug-drug interaction (DDI) involving in human cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, and efflux transporters (BCRP and MRPs) remains unclear so far. After incubation, three glucuronides were produced by HLM and HIM with total intrinsic clearance (CLint) of 236.71 and 323.40 μL/min/mg, respectively. Reaction phenotyping proved UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A7, 1A8, and 1A9 played important roles in glucuronidation with total CLint values of 62.69-143.00 μL/min/mg. Activity correlation analysis indicated UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 participated more in the glucuronidation. In addition, the glucuronidation showed marked species differences, and rabbits and dogs were probably appropriate model animals to investigate the in vivo glucuronidation. Furthermore, BCRP, MRP1, and MRP4 transporters were identified as the most important contributors to glucuronides excretion in HeLa1A1 cells based on gene silencing method. Moreover, isobavachalcone demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibitory effects against CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, UGT2B7 with IC50 values of 1.08-9.78 μM. Except CYP2B6 and CYP2D6, the calculated [I]/Ki values for other enzymes were all greater than 0.1, indicating the inhibition of systemic metabolism or elimination for these enzyme substrates seems likely. Taken together, we summarized metabolic fates of isobavachalcone including glucuronidation and efflux transport as well as inhibitory effects involving in human CYP and UGT enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peile Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of PR China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of PR China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hou XD, Song LL, Cao YF, Wang YN, Zhou Q, Fang SQ, Wu DC, Zang SZ, Chen L, Bai Y, Ge GB, Hou J. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory constituents from Fructus Psoraleae. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:369-378. [PMID: 32451094 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase (PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay. Among all tested compounds, isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A displayed strong inhibition on PL (IC50 < 10 μmol·L-1). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A acted as mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MUO) hydrolysis, with the Ki values of 1.61, 3.77 and 10.16 μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations indicated that two chalcones (isobavachalcone and bavachalcone) could interact with the key residues located in the catalytic cavity of PL via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, these finding provided solid evidence to support that Fructus Psoraleae contained bioactive compounds with lipid-lowering effects via targeting PL, and also suggested that the chalcones in Fructus Psoraleae could be used as ideal leading compounds to develop novel PL inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Li-Lin Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116000, China; Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Dalian Runsheng Kangtai Medical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fang
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Da-Chang Wu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Yue Bai
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Translational Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China.
| | - Jie Hou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang J, Wang Q, Chen M, Bi Y, Shi H, Zhou K. Effects of psoralen on hepatic bile acid transporters in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:1012-1021. [PMID: 33317360 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120979346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Psoraleae (FP), widely used in traditional medicine, is increasingly reported to cause serious hepatotoxicity in recent years. However, the main toxic constituents responsible for hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study, psoralen, a main and quality-control constituent of FP, was intragastrically administered to Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 1, 3 and 7 days. Blood and selected tissue samples were collected and analyzed for biochemistry and histopathology to evaluate hepatotoxicity. The results showed that psoralen could induce hepatotoxicity by enhanced liver-to-body weight ratio and alterations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total cholesterol after administration for 3 days. In addition, histopathological examinations also indicated the hepatotoxicity induced by psoralen. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein levels of hepatic bile acid transporters were significantly changed, in which MRP4, ABCG5 and ABCG8 were repressed, while the protein level of NTCP tended to increase in the rat liver. Taken together, psoralen caused liver injury possibly through affecting bile acid transporters, leading to the disorder of bile acid transport and accumulation in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyang Huang
- School of Integrative Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Bi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58301Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Evaluation of toxicity and anti-osteoporosis effect in rats treated with the flavonoids of Psoraleae Fructus. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
25
|
Teschke R, Danan G. Worldwide Use of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 81,856 Idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 HILI Cases Published 1993-Mid 2020: A Comprehensive Analysis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E62. [PMID: 33003400 PMCID: PMC7600114 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: A large number of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (iDILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) cases of variable quality has been published but some are a matter of concern if the cases were not evaluated for causality using a robust causality assessment method (CAM) such as RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method) as diagnostiinjuryc algorithm. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the worldwide use of RUCAM in iDILI and HILI cases. Methods: The PubMed database (1993-30 June 2020) was searched for articles by using the following key terms: Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method; RUCAM; Idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury; iDILI; Herb induced liver injury; HILI. Results: Considering reports published worldwide since 1993, our analysis showed the use of RUCAM for causality assessment in 95,885 cases of liver injury including 81,856 cases of idiosyncratic DILI and 14,029 cases of HILI. Among the top countries providing RUCAM based DILI cases were, in decreasing order, China, the US, Germany, Korea, and Italy, with China, Korea, Germany, India, and the US as the top countries for HILI. Conclusion: Since 1993 RUCAM is certainly the most widely used method to assess causality in IDILI and HILI. This should encourage practitioner, experts, and regulatory agencies to use it in order to reinforce their diagnosis and to take sound decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, D-63450 Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gaby Danan
- Pharmacovigilance Consultancy, F-75020 Paris, France;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Teschke R, Zhu Y, Jing J. Herb-induced Liver Injury in Asia and Current Role of RUCAM for Causality Assessment in 11,160 Published Cases. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2020; 8:200-214. [PMID: 32832401 PMCID: PMC7438347 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herb-induced liver injuries (HILI) by traditional herbal medicines are particular challenges in Asian countries, with issues over the best approach to establish causality. The aim of the current analysis was to provide an overview on how causality was assessed in HILI cases from Asian countries and whether the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) was the preferred diagnostic algorithm, as shown before in worldwide evaluated cases of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Using the PubMed database, publications in English language were preferred to allow for reevaluation by peers. Overall 11,160 HILI cases have assessed causality using RUCAM and were published by first authors working in Asian countries. With 21 evaluable reports, most publications came from mainland China, with Hong Kong and Taiwan, followed by Korea (n=15), Singapore (n=2), and Japan (n=1), while other Asian countries were not contributory. Most publications provided case and RUCAM data of good quality. For better presentation of future cases, however, the following recommendations are given: (1) preference of prospective study design with use of the updated RUCAM version; (2) clear separation of HILI cohorts from those of other herbal products or DILI; (3) case series for epidemiology studies should contain many essential data, possibly also as supplementary material; (4) otherwise, preference of single case reports providing individual case data and RUCAM-based causality gradings, and applying liver test threshold values; and (5) publication in English language journals. In conclusion, China and Korea are top in presenting RUCAM-based HILI cases, other Asian countries are encouraged to follow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Correspondence to: Rolf Teschke, Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum Hanau, Teaching Hospital of the Goethe University of Frankfurt/Main, Leimenstrasse 20, D-63450 Hanau, Germany. Tel: +49-6181-21859, Fax: +49-6181-2964211, E-mail:
| | - Yun Zhu
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- The Fifth Medical Center, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang D, Lv J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Jiang H, Lin Z. The characteristics and regularities of cardiac adverse drug reactions induced by Chinese materia medica: A bibliometric research and association rules analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112582. [PMID: 31972324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese materia medica (CMM) has been widely used as an approach of ethnomedicine worldwide. Recently, there are growing concerns related to the potential cardiotoxicity of herbal medicines but comprehensive studies are limited. METHODS Comprehensive literature retrieval via publicly available electronic databases was performed to identify the case reports that focused on cardiac adverse reactions (ADRs) triggered by oral CMMs. And a bibliometric survey was conducted to analyze the most commonly suspected risk factors in terms of responsible CMMs, susceptible patients and clinical administration of cardiac ADRs. Moreover, the techniques of data mining were utilized to investigate the regularities and association between the ADRs status and major contributory factors. RESULTS The available evidence of current research indicated that many influential factors were strongly associated with cardiac ADRs caused by oral CMMs inevitably, including pediatric patients, poisonous CMMs (especially herbs of Aconitum species), overdose and self-medication. Specifically, the timely and effective resuscitation could attribute their favorable capacity to reduce mortality for cardiac ADRs. Notably, the cardiac ADRs cases had often concomitant the ADRs of the nervous system and digestive system. CONCLUSION The comprehensive features and risk factors of cardiac ADRs induced by oral CMMs can be discovered and elucidated through the approaches of bibliometric research, association rules analysis, and data mining technology, which raise the profile and awareness of the rational applications of CMMs and pharmacovigilance within relevant heart side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jintao Lv
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China; Center for Pharmacovigilance and Rational Use of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhijian Lin
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang L, Yu YL, Cheng LY, Zhang PY, Zhang Y, Zhou K. The Accumulation of Psoralen Contributes to Its Hepatotoxicity Revealed by Pharmacokinetic and Toxicokinetic Study after Repeated Administration. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7307-7315. [PMID: 32280872 PMCID: PMC7144168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Psoralen is a furanocoumarin compound found in many herb medicines and is claimed to contribute to the hepatotoxicity caused by lots of traditional Chinese medicine. So far, there has been no research on the differences in pharmacokinetics of single and repeated dosing of psoralen. Moreover, the research on the cumulative toxicity of low concentration and long-term administration on cells has not been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the pharmacokinetic differences and the accumulated cytotoxicity of psoralen from repeated administration. The study found that after single or repeated administration of psoralen for 3 months at various dosages (14, 28, and 56 mg/kg), the pharmacokinetic parameters of female rats between single dose and repeated dose administration are totally different. Compared with a single administration, multiple administrations increased psoralen's in vivo exposure, prolonged the peak time, prolonged the half-life of the drug, reduced the drug clearance rate, and prolonged the drug's stay in the body. HepG2 cells were exposed to low doses (5, 10, 20, or 40 μM) of psoralen for 1, 2, 3, or 4 days. A 20 and 40 μM dose of psoralen did not induced cell death in the 1st day but significantly decreased the cell viability at the 3rd and 4th day of repeated administration, respectively. In addition, multiple administrations of psoralen decreased cell viability due to G2 arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying-li Yu
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li-yuan Cheng
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Pan-yang Zhang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Chinese medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin 301617, China
- Ministry
of Education Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sumorek-Wiadro J, Zając A, Maciejczyk A, Jakubowicz-Gil J. Furanocoumarins in anticancer therapy - For and against. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104492. [PMID: 32032635 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Furanocoumarins are a class of natural compounds produced by several plants, including those consumed by humans. They have been used medicinally in eastern countries for ages. Given the growing body of evidence about their anticancer potential and observations that naturally occurring compounds potentiate the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutics, more attention is paid to elucidation of the nature of furanocoumarins and the possibility of using thereof in practice. The general mechanism by which furanocoumarins eliminate cancer cells is based on cell cycle blockage and initiation of programmed death like apoptosis or autophagy. The precise molecular mechanism of such an action depends on the chemical structure of furanocoumarins, which is based on the furan ring attached to the coumarin backbone in a linear or angular form as well as the type, location, and number of the substituents attached. The review summarizes the current evidence of the antitumor properties of linear and angular furanocoumarins with special emphasis on the molecular mechanism of elimination of cancer cells via apoptosis and autophagy. Negative aspects of the use of coumarins in anticancer therapy will be also discussed especially in the context of their phototoxicity and potential cancerogenic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Maciejczyk
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
ZHOU QH, ZHU YD, ZHANG F, SONG YQ, JIA SN, ZHU L, FANG SQ, GE GB. Interactions of drug-metabolizing enzymes with the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:858-870. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
31
|
Wen B, Gorycki P. Bioactivation of herbal constituents: mechanisms and toxicological relevance. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:453-497. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1655570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Peter Gorycki
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|