1
|
Geng B, Gao J, Cheng H, Guo G, Wang Z. Effects of dietary mulberry leaves on growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:1065-1076. [PMID: 38419533 PMCID: PMC11065948 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary mulberry leaves on the growth, production performance, gut microbiota, and immunological parameters of poultry and livestock. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically analyzed to identify pertinent studies up to December 2022. The effects of mulberry leaf diet was assessed using the weighted mean difference, and the 95% confidence interval was calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS In total, 18 studies that sampled 2,335 poultry and livestock were selected for analysis. Mulberry leaves improved the average daily gain and reduced the feed/meat ratio in finishing pigs, and the average daily gain and average daily feed intake in chicken. In production performance, mulberry leaves lowered the half carcass weight, slaughter rate, and loin eye area in pigs, and the slaughter rate in chickens. Regarding meat quality in pigs, mulberry leaves reduced the cooked meat percentage, shear force, crude protein, and crude ash, and increased the 24 h pH and water content. In chickens, it increased the drip loss, shear force, 45 min and 24 h pH, crude protein, and crude ash. Mulberry leaves also affect the abundances of gut microbiota, including Bacteroides, Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Butyricicoccus, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli in poultry and livestock. Mulberry leaves at different doses were associated with changes in antioxidant capacity in chickens, and immune organ indexes in pigs. With respect to egg quality, mulberry leaves at different doses improved the shell strength, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell weight. However, moderate doses diminished the egg yolk ratio and the egg yolk moisture content. CONCLUSION In general, dietary mulberry leaves improved the growth, production performance, and immunological parameters in poultry and livestock, although the effects varied at different doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Geng
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Hongbing Cheng
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Guang Guo
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001,
China
- Yantai Key Laboratory, Yantai, 264001,
China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center, Yantai, 264001,
China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abbas Z, Tong Y, Wang J, Zhang J, Wei X, Si D, Zhang R. Potential Role and Mechanism of Mulberry Extract in Immune Modulation: Focus on Chemical Compositions, Mechanistic Insights, and Extraction Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5333. [PMID: 38791372 PMCID: PMC11121110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry is a rapidly growing plant that thrives in diverse climatic, topographical, and soil types, spanning temperature and temperate countries. Mulberry plants are valued as functional foods for their abundant chemical composition, serving as a significant reservoir of bioactive compounds like proteins, polysaccharides, phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, these compounds displayed potent antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring elevated nitric oxide production induced by LPS stimulation through the downregulation of inducible NO synthase expression. Active components like oxyresveratrol found in Morus demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting leukocyte migration through the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Gallic and chlorogenic acids in mulberry leaves (ML) powder-modulated TNF, IL-6, and IRS1 proteins, improving various inflammatory conditions by immune system modulation. As we delve deeper into understanding its anti-inflammatory potential and how it works therapeutically, it is crucial to refine the extraction process to enhance the effectiveness of its bioactive elements. Recent advancements in extraction techniques, such as solid-liquid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, superficial fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction, are being explored. Among the extraction methods tested, including Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), UAE demonstrated superior efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from mulberry leaves. Overall, this comprehensive review sheds light on the potential of mulberry as a natural immunomodulatory agent and provides insights into its mechanisms of action for future research and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Z.A.); (Y.T.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Meng L, Liu Z, Lu M, Wang R. Identification of HDAC9 and ARRDC4 as potential biomarkers and targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7083. [PMID: 38528189 PMCID: PMC10963792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify the key potential insulin resistance (IR)-related genes and investigate their correlation with immune cell infiltration in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The GSE78721 dataset (68 diabetic patients and 62 controls) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and utilized for single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. IR-related genes were obtained from the Comparative Toxicology Genetics Database, and the final IR-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by intersecting with the DEGs obtained from the GSE78721 datasets. Functional enrichment analysis was performed, and the networks of the target gene with microRNA, transcription factor, and drug were constructed. Hub genes were identified based on a protein-protein interaction network. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and Random Forest and Boruta analysis were combined to screen diagnostic biomarkers in T2D, which were validated using the GSE76894 (19 diabetic patients and 84 controls) and GSE9006 (12 diabetic patients and 24 controls) datasets. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to validate the biomarker expression in IR mice and control mice. In addition, infiltration of immune cells in T2D and their correlation with the identified markers were computed using CIBERSORT. We identified differential immune gene set regulatory T-cells in the GSE78721 dataset, and T2D samples were assigned into three clusters based on immune infiltration. A total of 2094 IR-DEGs were primarily enriched in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Importantly, HDAC9 and ARRDC4 were identified as markers of T2D and associated with different levels of immune cell infiltration. HDAC9 mRNA level were higher in the IR mice than in control mice, while ARRDC4 showed the opposite trend. In summary, we discovered potential vital biomarkers that contribute to immune cell infiltration associated with IR, which offers a new sight of immunotherapy for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhen Meng
- General Medical Department, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Lu
- Medical Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Endocrinology Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao T, Zhang X, Xie W, Wang Y, Li X, Tang C, Yang Y, Sun J, Gao J, Yu T, Zhao L, Tong X. Natural compounds efficacy in complicated diabetes: A new twist impacting ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115544. [PMID: 37820566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as a way of cell death, participates in the body's normal physiological and pathological regulation. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis may damage glucose-stimulated islets β Insulin secretion and programmed cell death of T2DM target organs are involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications. Targeting suppression of ferroptosis with specific inhibitors may provide new therapeutic opportunities for previously untreated T2DM and its target organs. Current studies suggest that natural bioactive compounds, which are abundantly available in drugs, foods, and medicinal plants for the treatment of T2DM and its target organs, have recently received significant attention for their various biological activities and minimal toxicity, and that many natural compounds appear to have a significant role in the regulation of ferroptosis in T2DM and its target organs. Therefore, this review summarized the potential treatment strategies of natural compounds as ferroptosis inhibitors to treat T2DM and its complications, providing potential lead compounds and natural phytochemical molecular nuclei for future drug research and development to intervene in ferroptosis in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiangyuan Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate school, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1035, Boshuo Road, Jingyue National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Center for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1478, Gongnong Road, Chaoyang District, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- School of Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, North 3rd Ring East Roa, Chaoyang Distric, Beijing 10010, China
| | - Tongyue Yu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tao Y, Luo W, Chen Y, Chen C, Chen S, Li X, Chen K, Zeng C. Exercise ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance by modulating GRK4-mediated D1R expression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1391-1407. [PMID: 37622333 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been recommended as a nonpharmaceutical therapy to treat insulin resistance (IR). Previous studies showed that dopamine D1-like receptor agonists, such as fenoldopam, could improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, while antipsychotics, which are dopamine receptor antagonists, increased susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Meanwhile, exercise has been proved to stimulate dopamine receptors. However, whether the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is involved in exercise-mediated amelioration of IR remains unclear. We found that the D1-like receptor antagonist, SCH23390, reduced the effect of exercise on lowering blood glucose and insulin in insulin-resistant mice and inhibited the contraction-induced glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Similarly, the opposite was true for the D1-like receptor agonist, fenoldopam. Furthermore, the expression of D1R was decreased in skeletal muscles from streptozotocin (STZ)- and high-fat intake-induced T2DM mice, accompanied by increased D1R phosphorylation, which was reversed by exercise. A screening study showed that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) may be the candidate kinase for the regulation of D1R function, because, in addition to the increased GRK4 expression in skeletal muscles of T2DM mice, GRK4 transgenic T2DM mice exhibited lower insulin sensitivity, accompanied by higher D1R phosphorylation than control mice, whereas the AAV9-shGRK4 mice were much more sensitive to insulin than AAV9-null mice. Mechanistically, the up-regulation of GRK4 expression caused by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IR was ascribed to the enhanced expression of c-Myc, a transcriptional factor of GRK4. Taken together, the present study shows that exercise, via regulation of ROS/c-Myc/GRK4 pathway, ameliorates D1R dysfunction and improves insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shi L, Wang J, He C, Huang Y, Fu W, Zhang H, An Y, Wang M, Shan Z, Li H, Lv Y, Wang C, Cheng L, Dai H, Duan Y, Zhao H, Zhao B. Identifying potential therapeutic targets of mulberry leaf extract for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:308. [PMID: 37667364 PMCID: PMC10476348 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf, as a medicinal and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine, has a clear therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet its underlying mechanisms have not been totally clarified. The study aimed to explore the mechanism of mulberry leaf in the treatment of T2DM through tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics analysis of skeletal muscle. METHODS The anti-diabetic activity of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) was evaluated by using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 4.0 g crude drug /kg p.o. daily for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, food and water intake were monitored at specific intervals, and oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were conducted at the 7th and 8th week respectively. At the end of the experiment, levels of glycated hemoglobin A1c, insulin, free fat acid, leptin, adiponectin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were assessed and the pathological changes of rat skeletal muscle were observed by HE staining. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle and bioinformatics analysis were performed and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were validated by western blot. The interactions between the components of MLE and DEPs were further assessed using molecular docking. RESULTS After 8 weeks of MLE intervention, the clinical indications of T2DM such as body weight, food and water intake of rats were improved to a certain extent, while insulin sensitivity was increased and glycemic control was improved. Serum lipid profiles were significantly reduced, and the skeletal muscle fiber gap and atrophy were alleviated. Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle showed that MLE treatment reversed 19 DEPs in T2DM rats, regulated cholesterol metabolism, fat digestion and absorption, vitamin digestion and absorption and ferroptosis signaling pathways. Key differential proteins Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1) and ApoA4 were successfully validated by western blot and exhibited strong binding activity to the MLE's ingredients. CONCLUSIONS This study first provided skeletal muscle proteomic changes in T2DM rats before and after MLE treatment, which may help us understand the molecular mechanisms, and provide a foundation for developing potential therapeutic targets of anti-T2DM of MLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
- Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Changhao He
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wanxin Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yongcheng An
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Menglu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ziyi Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie D, Li K, Feng R, Xiao M, Sheng Z, Xie Y. Ferroptosis and Traditional Chinese Medicine for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1915-1930. [PMID: 37398945 PMCID: PMC10312342 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s412747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an emerging form of regulated programmed cell death, has garnered significant attention in the past decade. It is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and subsequent damage to cellular membranes, which is dependent on iron. Ferroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including tumors and diabetes mellitus. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in preventing and treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and intestinal flora-regulating functions. Recent studies have determined that TCM may exert therapeutic effects on T2DM and its complications by modulating the ferroptosis-related pathways. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and TCM treatment of T2DM is of great significance for developing therapeutic drugs for T2DM and enriching the spectrum of effective T2DM treatment with TCM. In this review, we review the concept, mechanism, and regulatory pathways of ferroptosis and the ferroptosis mechanism of action involved in the development of T2DM. Also, we develop a search strategy, establish strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, and summarize and analyze the application of the ferroptosis mechanism in TCM studies related to T2DM and its complications. Finally, we discuss the shortcomings of current studies and propose a future research focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruxue Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Geriatric Hospital of Hainan, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Sheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Health Management Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yi J, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Han X, Tang Y, Chen G. Isolated compounds from Dracaena angustifolia Roxb and acarbose synergistically/additively inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase: an in vitro study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:177. [PMID: 35780093 PMCID: PMC9250238 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a traditional herbal medicine, Dracaena angustifolia Roxb has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent by the Li people in Hainan, China. In preliminary phytochemical studies conducted in our lab, its fractions were found to inhibit α-glucosidase in vitro, indicating a potential for alleviating glucose dysregulation. Methods Through in vitro enzymatic assays, the abilities of the separated components to affect α-glucosidase and α-amylase were evaluated. By establishing concentration gradients and generating Lineweaver–Burk plots, the corresponding inhibition modes together with kinetic parameters were assessed. Following the evaluation of the outcomes of their combination with acarbose, computational docking and molecular dynamic simulations were carried out to analyse the interaction mechanisms and perform virtual screening against human enzymes. Results Compared with acarbose, 7 compounds, including flavonoid derivatives, amides and aromatic derivatives, with higher α-glucosidase inhibitory efficiencies were confirmed. It was found that those competitive/mixed candidates and acarbose interacted synergistically or additively on α-glucosidase. Moreover, 3 of them were able to inhibit α-amylase in mixed mode, and additive effects were observed in combination with acarbose. Through in silico docking, it was found that the active site residues as well as adjacent residues were involved in α-glucosidase and α-amylase binding, which were mainly achieved through hydrogen bonding. Among those dual-function flavonoids, Compound 9 was predicted to be a considerable inhibitor of human enzymes, as the formation of ligand–enzyme complexes was mediated by the residues responsible for substrate recognition and catalysis, the stabilities of which were reiterated by molecular dynamics simulations. Conclusion Despite their mild effects on α-amylase, considerable α-glucosidase inhibitory efficiencies and potential synergy with acarbose were exhibited by these natural candidates. Furthermore, a stable ligand, human α-glucosidase, was predicted by the performed simulations, which provided useful information for the application of Dracaena angustifolia Roxb in diabetes treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03649-3.
Collapse
|
10
|
Han JH, Lee HW, Jung SH, Cho CW, Kim TJ, Kang JS, Myung CS. The anti-obesity effect of mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extracts was increased by bioconversion with Pectinex. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20375. [PMID: 36437256 PMCID: PMC9701790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (Mori Folium) extract (MLE) is known to have anti-obesity effects. In this study, the enhanced effects of MLE after bioconversion treatment using Pectinex (BMLE) on obesity were explored, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the active components, neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), whose amounts were increased by bioconversion of MLE. Both MLE and BMLE inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without cytotoxicity and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). In addition, MLE and BMLE decreased high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue mass expansion. Notably, BMLE significantly increased antiadipogenic and anti-obesity effects compared to MLE in vitro and in vivo. The active ingredients increased by bioconversion, 5-CQA and 4-CQA, inhibited the protein levels of C/EBPα and the mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1). These findings provide new insights into the therapeutic possibility of using bioconversion of MLE, by which upregulation of 5-CQA and 4-CQA potently inhibits adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Won Lee
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Woon Cho
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jeong Kim
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Kang
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maqsood M, Anam Saeed R, Sahar A, Khan MI. Mulberry plant as a source of functional food with therapeutic and nutritional applications: A review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14263. [PMID: 35642132 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants from the family Moraceae have diverse applications in agriculture, cosmetics, food, and the pharmaceutical industry. Their extensive spectrum of pharmacological activity for treating numerous inflammatory illnesses, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal problems reflects their biological and therapeutic value. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms related to the biological implications of mulberry extracts, fractions, and isolated bioactive compounds from different parts in various health-related ailments. Additionally, the food industry and animal nutrition applications are summarized. Phytochemicals such as steroids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins are found in this medicinal plant. The aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts, as well as bioactive compounds, have anti-oxidative, hypoglycemic, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, immune-modulatory, cardioprotective, and skin protecting activities. Mulberry supplementation in food products improves the stability of phenolics, sensory properties, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties. Mulberry leaves in animal feed increase the nutrient digestibility, growth parameters, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review summarized the in vivo and in vitro biological activities of the mulberry and isolated constituents in various health conditions. In addition, the food uses such as antioxidant potential, antimicrobial, and physicochemical properties were discussed. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed mulberry as a significant protein source and its flavonoids as potential animal foliage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqsood
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Raakia Anam Saeed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Sahar
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Issa Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lv Q, Lin J, Wu X, Pu H, Guan Y, Xiao P, He C, Jiang B. Novel active compounds and the anti-diabetic mechanism of mulberry leaves. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986931. [PMID: 36278175 PMCID: PMC9581293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves have long been considered beneficial in traditional Chinese medicine to treat infectious and internal diseases. Recently studies have discovered that the mulberry leaf’s total flavonoids (MLF) display excellent hypoglycemia properties. However, the active ingredients and their molecular mechanisms are still uncharacterized. In this study, we explored the hypoglycemic effects of MLF and mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLP) on ob/ob mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), compared with Ramulus Mori (Sangzhi) alkaloid (RMA). Network pharmacology was employed to identify the potential available targets and active compounds of MLF and RMA against hyperglycemia. Molecular docking, an insulin-resistant cell model and qPCR were employed to verify the antidiabetic activity of the critical compounds and the gene expression profiles of the top molecular targets. Here, the results showed that MLF and MLP improved glucose uptake in insulin-resistant hepatocytes. MLF, MLP and RMA alleviated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in ob/ob mice. Unlike MLF and MLP, RMA administration did not influence the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that morusin, kuwanon C and morusyunnansin L are the main active compounds of MLF and that they amend insulin resistance and glycemia via the PI3K- Akt signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathways, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. Moreover, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), fagomine (FA), and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin are the primary active ingredients of RMA and target carbohydrate metabolism and regulate alpha-glucosidase activity to produce a potent anti-diabetic effect. The molecular docking results indicated that morusin, kuwanon C and morusyunnansin L are the critical bioactive compounds of MLF. They had high affinities with the key targets adenosine A1 receptor (ADORA1), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), which play crucial roles in the MLF-mediated glucose-lowering effect. Additionally, morusin plays a role in amending insulin resistance of hepatocytes by repressing the expression of the ADORA1 and PPARG genes. Our results shed light on the mechanism behind the glucose-lowering effects of MLF, suggesting that morusin, kuwanon C, and morusyunnansin L might be promising drug leads for the management of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Pu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoping Jiang, ; Chunnian He,
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Baoping Jiang, ; Chunnian He,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang B, Liu K, Sun J, Li Q, Zhao L. Herbal tea, a novel adjuvant therapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982387. [PMID: 36249806 PMCID: PMC9561533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic, endocrine disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. Several studies have shown that herbal tea improves glucose metabolism disorders in patients with T2DM. This study summarizes the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal tea as a adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM and found that herbal teas have potential add-on effects in lowering blood glucose levels. In addition, we discussed the polyphenol contents in common herbal teas and their possible adverse effects. To better guide the application of herbal teas, we further summarized the hypoglycemic mechanisms of common herbal teas, which mainly involve: 1) improving insulin resistance, 2) protecting islet β-cells, 3) anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, 4) inhibition of glucose absorption, and 5) suppression of gluconeogenesis. In conclusion, herbal tea, as a novel adjuvant therapy for treating T2DM, has the potential for further in-depth research and product development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Graduate College, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Li, ; Linhua Zhao,
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qingwei Li, ; Linhua Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du G, Zhang Q, Huang X, Wang Y. Molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and its role in the occurrence and treatment of diabetes. Front Genet 2022; 13:1018829. [PMID: 36160012 PMCID: PMC9500181 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1018829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Specifically, under the action of divalent iron or ester oxygenase, unsaturated fatty acids that are highly expressed on the cell membrane are catalyzed to produce lipid peroxidation, which induces cell death. In addition, the expression of the antioxidant system [glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)] is decreased. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. We also summarize the emerging questions in this particular area of research, some of which remain unanswered. Overall, this is a comprehensive review focusing on ferroptosis-mediated diabetes and providing novel insights in the treatment of diabetes from the perspective of ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Du
- Department of Outpatient, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronics and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Yi Wang,
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Huang, ; Yi Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning C, Jiao Y, Wang J, Li W, Zhou J, Lee YC, Ma DL, Leung CH, Zhu R, David Wang HM. Recent advances in the managements of type 2 diabetes mellitus and natural hypoglycemic substances. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Ma Q, Li Y, Zhao R, Tang Z, Li J, Chen C, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang T, Zhao B. Therapeutic mechanisms of mulberry leaves in type 2 diabetes based on metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:954477. [PMID: 36110521 PMCID: PMC9468646 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.954477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is considered as one of the most significant metabolic syndromes worldwide, and the long-term use of the drugs already on the market for T2D often gives rise to some side effects. The mulberry leaf (ML), Morus alba L., has advantages in terms of its comprehensive therapeutic efficacy, which are characterized as multicomponent, multitarget, multipathway, and matching with the complex pathological mechanisms of diabetes. Methods: T2D rats were established by a high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin; an evaluation of the hypoglycemic effects of the ML in combination with fasting blood glucose and other indicators, in addition to the utilization of metabolomics technology, was performed to analysis the metabolite changes in serum of rats. Results: MLs significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose of T2D rats, while improving the symptoms of polyphagia and polyuria. ML treatment altered the levels of various metabolites in the serum of T2D rats, which are involved in multiple metabolic pathways (amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism), played a role in antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation, modulated immune and gluconeogenesis processes, and improved obesity as well as insulin resistance (IR). Conclusion: The ML contains a variety of chemical components, and metabolomic results have shown that MLs regulate multiple metabolic pathways to exert hypoglycemic effects, suggesting that MLs may have great promise in the development of new hypoglycemic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quantao Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixue Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Baosheng Zhao,
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Wang, ; Baosheng Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mulberry Leaf Extract Improves Metabolic Syndrome by Alleviating Lipid Accumulation In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165111. [PMID: 36014355 PMCID: PMC9416217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a metabolic disease with multiple complications. Mulberry leaf extract (MLE) is rich in flavonoids and has great potential in alleviating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This study evaluated the effect and mechanism of MLE on the alleviation of MS. The components of the MLE were analyzed, and then the regulation of lipid metabolism by MLE in vitro and in vivo was determined. In a hepatocyte model of oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation, it was found that MLE alleviated lipid accumulation and decreased the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis. Furthermore, MLE improved obesity, insulin resistance, plasma lipid profile, and liver function in MS mice after a 15-week intervention. MLE decreased the expression of SREBP1, ACC, and FAS through the AMPK signaling pathway to inhibit lipid synthesis and increase the level of CPT1A to promote lipid decomposition to achieve its hypolipidemic effect. Meanwhile, MLE was also shown to affect the composition of the gut microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids, which contributed to the alleviation of lipid accumulation. Our results suggest that MLE can improve MS by improving lipid metabolism through multiple mechanisms and can be developed into dietary supplements for the improvement of MS.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids Inhibit Liver Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Rats by Regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3354062. [PMID: 35845591 PMCID: PMC9279020 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3354062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of liver-related complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasing, which affects the physical and mental health of T2DM patients. Mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLF) were confirmed to have certain effects on lowering blood glucose and anti-inflammation. In this study, the high-fat diet (HFD) + STZ method was used to establish T2DM rat model and the MLF was administered by gavage for eight weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose level were measured at different time points. The pathological changes of rat liver were observed by H&E staining. The serum glucolipid metabolic indicators of serum, fasting insulin (FINS), and inflammatory factors levels were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκΒα), p-IκΒα, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/p65 protein in liver tissue were measured by Western Blot. After 8 weeks' MLF treatment, the blood glucose of rats showed a downward trend; glycolipid metabolism level and insulin resistance were improved, which suggested that MLF could improve the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism. The pathological damage and inflammation of the liver in T2DM rats were significantly improved, the levels of related serum inflammatory factors were reduced, and the expression of liver tissue-related proteins was downregulated. Our results indicated that MLF could reduce blood glucose and inhibit the development of liver inflammation. The mechanisms may be associated with the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signal pathway to reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in serum.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang XD, Yang YY. Ferroptosis as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Diabetes and Its Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:853822. [PMID: 35422764 PMCID: PMC9001950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.853822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The global diabetes epidemic and its complications are increasing, thereby posing a major threat to public health. A comprehensive understanding of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications is necessary for the development of effective treatments. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of programmed cell death caused by the production of reactive oxygen species and an imbalance in iron homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. In this review, we summarize the potential impact and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis on diabetes and its complications, as well as inhibitors of ferroptosis in diabetes and diabetic complications. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and developing drugs or agents that target ferroptosis may provide new treatment strategies for patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ding Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Central of Translational Medical and Innovative Drug, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yong-Yu Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang G, Dong J. Network pharmacology approach to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mulberry leaf components for obesity. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:56. [PMID: 34917182 PMCID: PMC8630443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition that has become a serious public health challenge globally due to the association with a high incidence of complications. Mulberry leaf is one of the most commonly used medicinal and herbal medicines that has been reported to ameliorate obesity and hyperlipidemia. However, the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, a network pharmacology approach was used to explore the potential mechanism underlying the effects of mulberry leaf extract on obesity. First, the potential targets of mulberry leaf and obesity were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, GeneCards and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database databases, which were then used to construct the protein-protein interaction networks. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyzes were performed using R version 3.6.3. Finally, results of this network analysis were verified by using the mulberry leaf extract to treat high-fat diet-induced obese mice. In total, 24 target genes associated with obesity that could potentially be affected by mulberry leaf treatment were predicted by network pharmacology, using which top seven related pathways were determined by KEGG enrichment analysis. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in mice serum were detected using TG and TC assay kits. Hepatic fat accumulation was detected by H&E staining whereas liver lipid droplets were detected by Oil red O staining in mice tissues. The expression of IL-1β, NF-κB inhibitor α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and fatty acid synthase in the visceral white adipose tissues of mice was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of TNF-α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)D, PPARG, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and hydroxysteroid 11-β dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1) in the visceral white adipose tissues of mice was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Mulberry leaf extract was found to reduce fat accumulation and hepatic lipid droplet formation. Mulberry leaf also alleviated inflammation and lipogenesis whilst promoting lipid catabolism and fatty acid oxidation by promoting the AMPK signaling pathway. The possible anti-obesity effects of mulberry leaf on the mice may be due to the downregulation of TNF-α, PPARD and PPARG and the upregulation of FAAH and HSD11B1. These results were consistent with the GO enrichment analysis and suggested that mulberry leaf may regulate lipid metabolism and catabolism, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis and the inflammatory response to reduce obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guidan Wang
- Health Management Research Laboratory, Hunan Future Health Technology Group Co., Ltd. (Future Health University), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jine Dong
- Health Management Research Laboratory, Hunan Future Health Technology Group Co., Ltd. (Future Health University), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhu S, Liu B, Liu F, Xu Y. Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.): A review of its potential influences in mechanisms of action on metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106029. [PMID: 34896248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. (called Sangye in Chinese, ML), which belong to the genus Morus., are highly valuable edible plants in nutrients and nutraceuticals. In Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea, ML are widely used as functional foods including beverages, noodles and herbal tea because of its biological and nutritional value. Meanwhile, ML-derived products in the form of powders, extracts and capsules are widely consumed as dietary supplements for controlling blood glucose and sugar. Clinical studies showed that ML play an important role in the treatment of metabolic diseases including the diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis and hypertension. People broadly use ML due to their nutritiousness, deliciousness, safety, and abundant active benefits. However, the systematic pharmacological mechanisms of ML on metabolic diseases have not been fully revealed. Therefore, in order to fully utilize and scale relevant products about ML, this review summarizes the up-to-date information about the ML and its constituents effecting on metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Biyang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Pharmacy College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang JW, Xiong XS, Qian CL, Liu QH, Wen PB, Shi XY, Blen Dereje S, Zhang X, Wang L. Network pharmacological analysis of ethanol extract of Morus alba linne in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
23
|
Wang B, Luo H. Effects of mulberry leaf silage on antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity and rumen bacterial community of lambs. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:250. [PMID: 34544373 PMCID: PMC8454139 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rumen is a natural fermentation system and the microorganisms inside can effectively utilize plant bioresource and interact with host metabolism. Here, analysis of rumen microbiome, together with animal performance and serum metabolism in a lamb model were performed to identify the potential use of mulberry leaf silage (MS) to replace alfalfa silage (AS) as a new functional feed resource and to mining the novel specific mulberry leaf associated rumen bacteria interact with host metabolism. Results The lambs fed with MS diet showed improved antioxidant capacity and immune function compared to those fed AS diet. The MS diet significantly altered rumen microbiota α- and β-diversity and taxonomic composition. Microbial analysis revealed that Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Schwartzia were enhanced, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 and Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group were down-regulated in the rumen of MS group. A strong association was also found between these rumen microbial taxa and host antioxidant and immunomodulatory capacity. Conclusion These findings indicated that mulberry leaf silage can be a high-quality feed source or bioactive pharmaceutical that is responsible for ruminant’s health benefits. The modified rumen microbial community by mulberry leaf silage were associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity and immunomodulatory of lambs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02311-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim NY, Thomas SS, Hwang DI, Lee JH, Kim KA, Cha YS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Morus alba L. and Aronia melanocarpa in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mouse Model. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081914. [PMID: 34441691 PMCID: PMC8391742 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the synergic effect of extracts of Morus alba (MA) and Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) (AR) against high-fat diet induced obesity. Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that were fed for 14 weeks with a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HD), HD with M. alba 400 mg/kg body weight (MA), HD with A. melanocarpa 400 mg/kg body weight (AR), or HD with a mixture (1:1, v/v) of M. alba and A. melanocarpa (400 mg/kg) (MA + AR). Treatment with MA, AR, and MA + AR for 14 weeks reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain and improved serum lipid levels, and histological analysis revealed that MA and AR treatment markedly decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and adipocyte size in epididymal fat. Furthermore, micro-CT images showed MA + AR significantly reduced abdominal fat volume. Expression levels of genes involved in lipid anabolism, such as SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, CEBPα, FAS, and CD36 were decreased by MA + AR treatment whereas PPAR-α, ACOX1, and CPT-1a levels were increased by MA + AR treatment. Protein expression of p-AMPK and p-ACC were increased in the MA + AR group, indicating that MA + AR ameliorated obesity by upregulating AMPK signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MA and AR exert a synergistic effect against diet-induced obesity and are promising agents for managing obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Shalom Sara Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 02204, USA;
| | - Dae-Il Hwang
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Korea; (D.-I.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hye Lee
- Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan-gun 55442, Korea; (D.-I.H.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ah Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3822
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cai X, Zou F, Xuan R, Lai XY. Exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells expressing microribonucleic acid-125b inhibit the progression of diabetic nephropathy via the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6/Akt axis. Endocr J 2021; 68:817-828. [PMID: 34024846 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) seriously threatens the health of patients with diabetes. Moreover, it has been reported that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomal miRNAs can modulate the progression of multiple diseases, including DN. It has been suggested that miR-125b is involved in DN. However, the biological functions of exosomal miRNAs, especially miR-125b, in DN are still unclear. To establish a DN model in vitro, we used a model of human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HKCs) injury induced by high glucose (HG). Then, miR-125b was delivered to the model cells in vitro via MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), and the effect of exosomal miR-125b on HKCs apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR or western blotting was performed to measure miR-125b or tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression in HKC. The effect of MSC-Exos on HKCs apoptosis after miR-125b knockdown was determined by flow cytometry. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the targeting relationship between miR-125b and TRAF6 in HKCs. Our data revealed that MSC-Exos increased HG-induced autophagy in HKCs and reversed HKCs apoptosis. Moreover, our study found that miR-125b was enriched in MSC-Exos and directly targeted TRAF6 in HKCs. In addition, exosomally transferred miR-125b inhibited the apoptosis of HG-treated HKCs by mediating Akt signalling. In summary, MSC-derived exosomal miR-125b induced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis in HG-treated HKCs via the downregulation of TRAF6. Therefore, our study provided a new idea for DN treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| | - Rui Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Yang Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mulberry leaf activates brown adipose tissue and induces browning of inguinal white adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic rats through regulating AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:810-822. [PMID: 33971987 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly affects human health worldwide. Activation of brown adipocytes and browning of white adipocytes are considered as a promising molecular target for T2DM treatment. Mulberry leaf, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been demonstrated to have multi-biological activities, including anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Our experimental results showed that mulberry leaf significantly alleviated the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM rats. In addition, mulberry leaf induced browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) by enhancing the expressions of brown-mark genes as well as beige-specific genes, including uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PRD1-BF-1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing protein 16 (PRDM16), cell death inducing DFFA-like effector A (Cidea), CD137 and transmembrane protein 26 (TMEM26). Mulberry leaf also activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expressions of brown-mark genes including UCP1, PGC-1α, PPARα, PRDM16 and Cidea. Moreover, mulberry leaf enhanced the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) genes that are responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis in IWAT and BAT. Importantly, mulberry leaf also increased the expression of UCP1 and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) proteins in both IWAT and BAT via a mechanism involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PGC-1α pathway. In conclusion, our findings identify the role of mulberry leaf in inducing adipose browning, indicating that mulberry leaf may be used as a candidate browning agent for the treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu Q, Hu Y. Systematic Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Mulberry Leaf (Morus alba Linne) Acting on Diabetes Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:668-682. [PMID: 32928080 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200914103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorder- related diseases. The application of herbal medicine to control glucose levels and improve insulin action might be a useful approach in the treatment of diabetes. Mulberry leaves (ML) have been reported to exert important activities of anti-diabetic. OBJECTIVE In this work, we aimed to explore the multi-targets and multi-pathways regulatory molecular mechanism of Mulberry leaves (ML, Morus alba Linne) acting on diabetes. METHODS Identification of active compounds of Mulberry leaves using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was carried out. Bioactive components were screened by FAF-Drugs4 website (Free ADME-Tox Filtering Tool). The targets of bioactive components were predicted from SwissTargetPrediction website, and the diabetes related targets were screened from GeneCards database. The common targets of ML and diabetes were used for Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The visualization networks were constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1 software. The biological networks were constructed to analyze the mechanisms as follows: (1) compound-target network; (2) common target-compound network; (3) common targets protein interaction network; (4) compound-diabetes protein-protein interactions (ppi) network; (5) target-pathway network; and (6) compound-target-pathway network. At last, the prediction results of network pharmacology were verified by molecular docking method. RESULTS 17 active components were obtained by TCMSP database and FAF-Drugs4 website. 51 potential targets (11 common targets and 40 associated indirect targets) were obtained and used to build the PPI network by the String database. Furthermore, the potential targets were used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. Eight key active compounds (quercetin, Iristectorigenin A, 4- Prenylresveratrol, Moracin H, Moracin C, Isoramanone, Moracin E and Moracin D) and 8 key targets (AKT1, IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, AGTR1, PPARA, PTPN1 and PIK3R1) were obtained to play major roles in Mulberry leaf acting on diabetes. And the signal pathways involved in the mechanisms mainly include AMPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway and insulin resistance. The molecular docking results show that the 8 key active compounds have good affinity with the key target of AKT1, and the 5 key targets (IGF1R, EIF2AK3, PPARG, PPARA and PTPN1) have better affinity than AKT1 with the key compound of quercetin. CONCLUSION Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking, this study provided an important systematic and visualized basis for further understanding of the synergy mechanism of ML acting on diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiguo Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yeqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Medical College, Anqing 246052, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Z, Bai L, Guan M, Zhou X, Liang X, Lv Y, Yi H, Zhou H, Liu T, Gong P, Sun J, Zhang L. Potential probiotics Lactobacillus casei K11 combined with plant extracts reduce markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1970-1982. [PMID: 33694236 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Probiotics and plant extracts have been used to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aimed to explore the effect of the interaction between potential probiotics and bitter gourd extract (BGE) or mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS Potential probiotics were tested for their gastrointestinal tract viability and growth situation combined with BGE and MLE in vitro. The diabetes model was constructed in C57BL/6 mice, and the potential effect and mechanism of regulating blood glucose were verified. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), gas chromatography (GC), ELISA, and RT-PCR were also used for analysis. The results showed that Lactobacillus casei K11 had outstanding gastrointestinal tract viability and growth situation with plant extracts. Administration of L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE significantly reduced blood glucose levels and ameliorated insulin resistance in diabetic mice than the administration of Lactobacillus paracasei J5 combined with BGE and MLE. Moreover, in L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE groups, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were regulated. Furthermore, the results indicated that L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE improved free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) upregulation, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE modified the SCFA-FFAR2-GLP-1 pathway to improve T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study identified a new modality for evaluating interactions between potential probiotics and plant extracts. Our findings revealed that L. casei K11 combined with BGE and MLE significantly promoted the SCFA-FFAR2-GLP-1 pathway to inhibit T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Bai
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - M Guan
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhou
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - X Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Y Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - H Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - T Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - P Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - J Sun
- Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Plant Extracts for Type 2 Diabetes: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010081. [PMID: 33435282 PMCID: PMC7827314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the largest public health problems worldwide. Insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunction and chronic hyperglycemia result in devastating complications and poor prognosis. Even though there are many conventional drugs such as metformin (MET), Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), sulfonylureas (SUF), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, side effects still exist. As numerous plant extracts with antidiabetic effects have been widely reported, they have the potential to be a great therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes with less side effects. In this study, sixty-five recent studies regarding plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes were reviewed. Plant extracts regulated blood glucose through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of plant extracts suppressed c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, which induce insulin resistance. Lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, which are also associated with insulin resistance, are regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. This review focuses on discovering plant extracts that alleviate type 2 diabetes and exploring its therapeutic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Ju Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Huo X, Liu L. Inhibition of proliferation and migration and induction of apoptosis in glioma cells by silencing TLR4 expression levels via RNA interference. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:13. [PMID: 33240419 PMCID: PMC7681233 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in glioma cells and the mechanisms underlying its regulatory effects on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of glioma cells. A total of three TLR4 silencing short hairpin (sh)RNA plasmids were established, and Lipofectamine® was used to the transfect the human glioma cell line U-87MG. Transfection efficiency was measured via flow cytometry. The interference plasmid exhibiting the largest silencing effect on TLR4 was screened for subsequent experiments using puromycin. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the TLR4 gene and protein expression levels, respectively, in stably transfected cells. Flow cytometry measured cell cycle and apoptosis and a wound healing assay was employed to assess the migration ability of transfected cells. The proliferation of transfected cells was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. TLR4-sh2 exhibited the highest transfection efficiency. Following transfection of U-87MG cells with TLR4-sh2 and negative control (NC) plasmids for 48 h and screening by puromycin, stable transfected cells were named U-87MG-Sh and U-87MG-NC cells respectively. The TLR4 gene and protein expression levels in the U-87MG-Sh cells were significantly lower than in U-87MG and U-87MG-NC cells. The apoptosis rate and the percentage of G0/1 cells were significantly higher, whereas the cell proliferation rate was notably lower, in U-87MG-Sh cells than in the U-87MG-NC and U-87MG cells. The proliferation rate and the cell migration ability of U-87MG-Sh cells were significantly lower than those of U-87MG-NC and U-87MG cells. TLR4 is associated with the proliferation of glioma cells. Inhibition of TLR4 expression levels significantly inhibited proliferation of glioma cells and induced apoptosis. The present study provided insights into the mechanisms associated with the development, progression and invasion ability of glioma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Ju
- Animal Experimental Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jianghui Liu
- Tumor Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yuetong Chen
- Tumor Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangran Huo
- Tumor Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- Tumor Institute, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kuwahara M, Kim HK, Ozaki M, Nanba T, Chijiki H, Fukazawa M, Okubo J, Mineshita Y, Takahashi M, Shibata S. Consumption of Biscuits with a Beverage of Mulberry or Barley Leaves in the Afternoon Prevents Dinner-Induced High, but Not Low, Increases in Blood Glucose among Young Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061580. [PMID: 32481557 PMCID: PMC7352831 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the impact of consuming biscuits with a beverage of powdered mulberry or barley leaves in the afternoon on postprandial glucose levels at dinnertime among young adults. A total of 18 young adults participated in a partially double-blinded, randomized crossover trial over 2 weeks, consuming either: (1) no biscuits; (2) a biscuit; (3) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered mulberry leaves; or (4) a biscuit with a beverage of powdered barley leaves, as an afternoon snack followed by a standardized test dinner. Glucose levels were recorded after each meal. Results showed intake of biscuits with a beverage of mulberry and barley leaves significantly reduced postprandial rises in glucose after their immediate consumption and dinner, though there was no direct relationship between the glucose levels at the two meals. Compared to those with low glucose levels, participants with high glucose levels at dinner showed a stronger second meal effect, that was attributed to the mulberry or barley leaves, and were also more likely to have lean body weights and prefer evenings. Our findings indicate that eating snacks alongside mulberry or barley leaves is an effective way to suppress postprandial glucose levels in young adults with high glucose levels who prefer evenings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hyeon-Ki Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mamiho Ozaki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Takuya Nanba
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Hanako Chijiki
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Mayuko Fukazawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Jin Okubo
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
| | - Yui Mineshita
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan;
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.K.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.M.)
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (M.O.); (T.N.); (H.C.); (M.F.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-353-697-318
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou Y. The Protective Effects of Cryptochlorogenic Acid on β-Cells Function in Diabetes in vivo and vitro via Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1921-1931. [PMID: 32606852 PMCID: PMC7294720 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s249382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mulberry leaf extract has exerted better antidiabetic activities, while the effects of major active components in mulberry leaf extract are still unclear. Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) as the major active component in mulberry leaf extracts was investigated herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were treated with 50mg/kg streptozotocin for the establishment of diabetic model in vivo, and cells were treated with 33.3 mM glucose for the establishment of cell model in vitro. HE staining assay was performed for observation of pancreatic pathology and aldehyde fuchsin staining assay for examining islet cell numbers. The iron content was detected via Perls staining assay with iron assay kit (ab83366). The malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected by corresponding kits. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for assessment of gene level and Western blot for measurement of protein expression level. The cell survival was detected via CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The blood glucose level, iron content, accumulation of lipid peroxides and islet injury in diabetic model were all improved by CCA via a concentration-dependent manner. CCA functions via inhibition of ferroptosis by activation of cystine/glutamate transporter system (XC-)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)/Nrf2 and inhibition of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in diabetes. CONCLUSION CCA exerted excellent antidiabetic effects via inhibition of ferroptosis, so it may be a promising agent for diabetes therapy, providing a new avenue for diabetes treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Xiamen, Fujian361008, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1739, Xianyue Road, Huli District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China Email
| |
Collapse
|