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Cheng S, Chen J, Li Q, Nie Y, Ni T, Peng C, Luo X, Yasin P, Zhang S, Tang J, Liu Z. Protective effect of folic acid on MNNG-induced proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109702. [PMID: 39025456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) constitutes a significant risk factor in the development of esophageal cancer. Several investigations have elucidated the beneficial impact of folic acid (FA) in safeguarding esophageal epithelial cells against MNNG-induced damage. Therefore, we hypothesized that FA might prevent MNNG-induced proliferation of esophageal epithelial cells by interfering with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo experiments, we found that FA antagonized MNNG-induced proliferation of rat esophageal mucosal epithelial echinocytes and activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In our in vitro experiments, it was observed that acute exposure to MNNG for 24 h led to a decrease in proliferative capacity and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in an immortalized human normal esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A), which was also ameliorated by supplementation with FA. We successfully established a Het-1A-T-cell line by inducing malignant transformation in Het-1A cells through exposure to MNNG. Notably, the PI3K/AKT2/mTOR pathway showed early suppression followed by activation during this transition. Next, we observed that FA inhibited cell proliferation and activation of the PI3K/AKT2/mTOR signaling pathway in Het-1A-T malignantly transformed cells. We further investigated the impact of 740Y-P, a PI3K agonist, and LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, on Het-1A-T-cell proliferation. Overall, our findings show that FA supplementation may be beneficial in safeguarding normal esophageal epithelial cell proliferation and avoiding the development of esophageal cancer by decreasing the activation of the MNNG-induced PI3K/AKT2/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suizhi Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Qianhui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yuhong Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ting Ni
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Caiting Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Pazilat Yasin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jiancai Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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Xu X, Lin Y, Yin L, Serpa PDS, Conacher B, Pacholac C, Carvallo F, Hrubec T, Farris S, Zimmerman K, Wang X, Xie H. Spatial Transcriptomics and Single-Nucleus Multi-omics Analysis Revealing the Impact of High Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation on Offspring Brain Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.12.603269. [PMID: 39071367 PMCID: PMC11275885 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.12.603269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Folate, an essential vitamin B9, is crucial for diverse biological processes including neurogenesis. Folic acid (FA) supplementation during pregnancy is a standard practice for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). However, concerns are growing over the potential risks of excessive maternal FA intake. Here, we employed mouse model and spatial transcriptomics and single-nucleus multi-omics approaches to investigate the impact of high maternal FA supplementation during the periconceptional period on offspring brain development. Maternal high FA supplementation affected gene pathways linked to neurogenesis and neuronal axon myelination across multiple brain regions, as well as gene expression alterations related to learning and memory in thalamic and ventricular regions. Single-nucleus multi-omics analysis revealed that maturing excitatory neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) are particularly vulnerable to high maternal FA intake, leading to aberrant gene expressions and chromatin accessibility in pathways governing ribosomal biogenesis critical for synaptic formation. Our findings provide new insights into specific brain regions, cell types, gene expressions and pathways that can be affected by maternal high FA supplementation.
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Lv X, Zhang R, Li S, Jin X. tRNA Modifications and Dysregulation: Implications for Brain Diseases. Brain Sci 2024; 14:633. [PMID: 39061374 PMCID: PMC11274612 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well-known for their essential function in protein synthesis. Recent research has revealed a diverse range of chemical modifications that tRNAs undergo, which are crucial for various cellular processes. These modifications are necessary for the precise and efficient translation of proteins and also play important roles in gene expression regulation and cellular stress response. This review examines the role of tRNA modifications and dysregulation in the pathophysiology of various brain diseases, including epilepsy, stroke, neurodevelopmental disorders, brain tumors, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing research, our study aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between tRNA dysregulation and brain diseases. This underscores the critical need for ongoing exploration in this field and provides valuable insights that could facilitate the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals grappling with complex neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lv
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Ruorui Zhang
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (S.L.)
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Zhang T, Zhao F, Li J, Sun X, Zhang X, Wang H, Fan P, Lai L, Li Z, Sui T. Programmable RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification of cellular RNAs by dCasRx conjugated methyltransferase and demethylase. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2776-2791. [PMID: 38366553 PMCID: PMC11014266 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Methylcytosine (m5C), an abundant RNA modification, plays a crucial role in regulating RNA fate and gene expression. While recent progress has been made in understanding the biological roles of m5C, the inability to introduce m5C at specific sites within transcripts has hindered efforts to elucidate direct links between specific m5C and phenotypic outcomes. Here, we developed a CRISPR-Cas13d-based tool, named reengineered m5C modification system (termed 'RCMS'), for targeted m5C methylation and demethylation in specific transcripts. The RCMS editors consist of a nuclear-localized dCasRx conjugated to either a methyltransferase, NSUN2/NSUN6, or a demethylase, the catalytic domain of mouse Tet2 (ten-eleven translocation 2), enabling the manipulation of methylation events at precise m5C sites. We demonstrate that the RCMS editors can direct site-specific m5C incorporation and demethylation. Furthermore, we confirm their effectiveness in modulating m5C levels within transfer RNAs and their ability to induce changes in transcript abundance and cell proliferation through m5C-mediated mechanisms. These findings collectively establish RCMS editors as a focused epitranscriptome engineering tool, facilitating the identification of individual m5C alterations and their consequential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Feiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Jinze Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Xiaodi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Hejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Peng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Zhanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
| | - Tingting Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000,China
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Rakoczy J, Watson ED. Folate-depletion alters mouse trophoblast stem cell regulation in vitro. Placenta 2023; 144:64-68. [PMID: 37995442 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal folate deficiency increases risk of congenital malformations, yet its effect on placenta development is unclear. Here, we investigated how folate-depleted culture medium affects the developmental potential of mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). When cultured in stem cell conditions, TSC viability was unaffected by folate depletion, but ectopic differentiation of trophoblast cell subtypes occurred. When cultured in conditions that promote differentiation, folate-depleted TSCs were driven towards a syncytiotrophoblast cell fate potentially at the expense of other lineages. Additionally, trophoblast giant cell nuclei were small implicating folate in the regulation of endoreduplication. Therefore, dietary folate intake likely promotes trophoblast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rakoczy
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Erica D Watson
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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Dynamics of RNA m 5C modification during brain development. Genomics 2023; 115:110604. [PMID: 36889368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional RNA modifications have been recognized as key regulators of neuronal differentiation and synapse development in the mammalian brain. While distinct sets of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modified mRNAs have been detected in neuronal cells and brain tissues, no study has been performed to characterize methylated mRNA profiles in the developing brain. Here, together with regular RNA-seq, we performed transcriptome-wide bisulfite sequencing to compare RNA cytosine methylation patterns in neural stem cells (NSCs), cortical neuronal cultures, and brain tissues at three postnatal stages. Among 501 m5C sites identified, approximately 6% are consistently methylated across all five conditions. Compared to m5C sites identified in NSCs, 96% of them were hypermethylated in neurons and enriched for genes involved in positive transcriptional regulation and axon extension. In addition, brains at the early postnatal stage demonstrated substantial changes in both RNA cytosine methylation and gene expression of RNA cytosine methylation readers, writers, and erasers. Furthermore, differentially methylated transcripts were significantly enriched for genes regulating synaptic plasticity. Altogether, this study provides a brain epitranscriptomic dataset as a new resource and lays the foundation for further investigations into the role of RNA cytosine methylation during brain development.
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