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Blumenau Pedersen M, Saxton JM, Rasmussen Villumsen B, Bjerggaard Jensen J, Birch S. Detailed description of multidisciplinary prehabilitation in patients admitted to nerve sparring radical prostatectomy - A randomized feasibility study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 40:101319. [PMID: 38947984 PMCID: PMC11211855 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy is highly effective, though severe side-effects are common after the surgery. Prehabilitation is an approach to optimize patient's physical and mental resources before surgery, to improve postoperative outcomes. The feasibility of a multi-modal home-based prehabilitation program, delivered using telehealth in patients awaiting radical prostatectomy is unknown. This paper describes the development of a prehabilitation program for patients awaiting radical prostatectomy. Method A model by The Medical Research Council for developing and evaluating complex interventions (MRC Framework) was used in the development process. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was applied for ensuring sufficient description of the interventions. A total of 40 patients will be randomized to either intervention or control group. Patients in the control group will follow standard care. The 4-week prehabilitation programme consists of exercise, pelvic floor exercise, sexual counseling, stress management and nutritional support. The interventions are home-based and delivered using telehealth. Feasibility outcomes will include recruitment, attrition rates, adherence, safety and suitability. Conclusion We have developed a multimodal prehabilitation programme, which has the potential to bring tangible health benefits to men with prostate cancer awaiting radical prostatectomy. The results of the feasibility study will inform the design of a fully powered randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Blumenau Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Gødstrup Hospital, Gødstrup, Denmark
- Department of Occupational- and Physiotherapy, Gødstrup Hospital, Gødstrup, Denmark
| | - John M. Saxton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Jørgen Bjerggaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sara Birch
- Department of Occupational- and Physiotherapy, Gødstrup Hospital, Gødstrup, Denmark
- University Clinic for Hand, Hip and Knee Surgery, Gødstrup Hospital, Gødstrup, Denmark
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Johnson JR, Mavingire N, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Lewis D, Hooker SE, Galloway D, Rivers B, Kittles RA. The complex interplay of modifiable risk factors affecting prostate cancer disparities in African American men. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:422-432. [PMID: 38307952 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed non-skin malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the USA. However, the mortality rate of African American men aged 40-60 years is almost 2.5-fold greater than that of European American men. Despite screening and diagnostic and therapeutic advances, disparities in prostate cancer incidence and outcomes remain prevalent. The reasons that lead to this disparity in outcomes are complex and multifactorial. Established non-modifiable risk factors such as age and genetic predisposition contribute to this disparity; however, evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors (including social determinants of health, diet, steroid hormones, environment and lack of diversity in enrolment in clinical trials) are prominent contributing factors to the racial disparities observed. Disparities involved in the diagnosis, treatment and survival of African American men with prostate cancer have also been correlated with low socioeconomic status, education and lack of access to health care. The effects and complex interactions of prostate cancer modifiable risk factors are important considerations for mitigating the incidence and outcomes of this disease in African American men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nicole Mavingire
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stanley E Hooker
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Brian Rivers
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Salehiyeh S, Faiz AF, Manzourolhojeh M, Bagheri AM, Lorian K. The functions of hydrogen sulfide on the urogenital system of both males and females: from inception to the present. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03086-8. [PMID: 38689070 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known as a chemical gas in nature with both enzymatic and non-enzymatic biosynthesis in different human organs. A couple of studies have demonstrated the function of H2S in regulating the homeostasis of the human body. Additionally, they have shown its synthesis, measurement, chemistry, protective effects, and interaction in various aspects of scientific evidence. Furthermore, many researches have demonstrated the beneficial impacts of H2S on genital organs and systems. According to various studies, it is recognized that H2S-producing enzymes and the endogenous production of H2S are expressed in male and female reproductive systems in different mammalian species. The main goal of this comprehensive review is to assess the potential therapeutic impacts of this gasotransmitter in the male and female urogenital system and find underlying mechanisms of this agent. This narrative review investigated the articles that were published from the 1970s to 2022. The review's primary focus is the impacts of H2S on the male and female urogenital system. Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, and Google scholar databases were searched. Keywords used in this review were "Hydrogen sulfide," "H2S," "urogenital system," and "urogenital tract". Numerous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic and protective effects of sodium hydrosulfide (Na-HS) as an H2S donor on male and female infertility disorders. Furthermore, it has been observed that H2S plays a significant role in improving different diseases such as ameliorating sperm parameters. The specific localization of H2S enzymes in the urogenital system provides an excellent opportunity to comprehend its function and role in various disorders related to this system. It is noteworthy that H2S has been demonstrated to be produced in endocrine organs and exhibit diverse activities. Moreover, it is important to recognize that alterations in H2S biosynthesis are closely linked to endocrine disorders. Therefore, hormones can be pivotal in regulating H2S production, and H2S synthesis pathways may aid in establishing novel therapeutic strategies. H2S possesses pharmacological effects on essential disorders, such as anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-oxidant activities, which render it a valuable therapeutic agent for human urogenital disease. Furthermore, this agent shows promise in ameliorating the detrimental effects of various male and female diseases. Despite the limited clinical research, studies have demonstrated that applying H2S as an anti-oxidant source could ameliorate adverse effects of different conditions in the urogenital system. More clinical studies are required to confirm the role of this component in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Salehiyeh
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faisal Faiz
- Department of Paraclinic, School of Medicine, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Manzourolhojeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Bagheri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi university of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Keivan Lorian
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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4
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Robitaille K, Guertin MH, Jamshidi A, Xu HW, Hovington H, Pelletier JF, Beaudoin L, Gevariya N, Lacombe L, Tiguert R, Caumartin Y, Dujardin T, Toren P, Lodde M, Racine É, Trudel D, Perigny M, Duchesne T, Savard J, Julien P, Fradet Y, Fradet V. A phase IIb randomized placebo-controlled trial testing the effect of MAG-EPA long-chain omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplement on prostate cancer proliferation. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:56. [PMID: 38519581 PMCID: PMC10960033 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prostate eicosapentaenoic fatty acid (EPA) levels were associated with a significant reduction of upgrading to grade group (GG) ≥ 2 prostate cancer in men under active surveillance. We aimed to evaluate the effect of MAG-EPA long-chain omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplement on prostate cancer proliferation. METHODS A phase II double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 130 men diagnosed with GG ≥ 2 prostate cancer and undergoing radical prostatectomy between 2015-2017 (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02333435). Participants were randomized to receive 3 g daily of either MAG-EPA (n = 65) or placebo (n = 65) for 7 weeks (range 4-10) prior to radical prostatectomy. The primary outcome was the cancer proliferation index quantified by automated image analysis of tumor nuclear Ki-67 expression using standardized prostatectomy tissue microarrays. Additional planned outcomes at surgery are reported including plasma levels of 27 inflammatory cytokines and fatty acid profiles in circulating red blood cells membranes and prostate tissue. RESULTS Cancer proliferation index measured by Ki-67 expression was not statistically different between the intervention (3.10%) and placebo (2.85%) groups (p = 0.64). In the per protocol analyses, the adjusted estimated effect of MAG-EPA was greater but remained non-significant. Secondary outcome was the changes in plasma levels of 27 cytokines, of which only IL-7 was higher in MAG-EPA group compared to placebo (p = 0.026). Men randomized to MAG-EPA prior to surgery had four-fold higher EPA levels in prostate tissue compared to those on placebo. CONCLUSIONS This MAG-EPA intervention did not affect the primary outcome of prostate cancer proliferation according to nuclear Ki-67 expression. More studies are needed to decipher the effects of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation in men with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Robitaille
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Institute of nutrition and functional foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center - Nutrition, health and society of Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Guertin
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Afshin Jamshidi
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Hui Wen Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Hélène Hovington
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | | | - Lisanne Beaudoin
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Nikunj Gevariya
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rabi Tiguert
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Yves Caumartin
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Thierry Dujardin
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michele Lodde
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Étienne Racine
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du cancer de Montréal, and Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Martine Perigny
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Thierry Duchesne
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- School of psychology, Université Laval, Montréal, QC, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Institute of nutrition and functional foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center - Nutrition, health and society of Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche Clinique et Évaluative en Oncologie de L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1R 3S1, Canada.
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5
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Jiang J, Chen B, Tang B, Yang J, Zhang T, Li J, Tan D, Wei Q. Trends of Prostate Cancer Morbidity in Low-Incidence Countries from 1990-2019. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:186-195. [PMID: 38317630 PMCID: PMC10844848 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study was designed to elucidate the morbidity trends of prostate cancer in low-incidence countries. METHODS Data on prostate cancer were extracted from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. A cluster analysis of growth rates stratified by age was conducted, and correlation analyses were performed between age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), estimated annual percent change (EAPC), and socio-demographic index (SDI). RESULTS Among 35 low-incidence countries for prostate cancer, predominantly located in Asia and North Africa, the SDI ranged from low to high-middle levels. Higher SDI regions exhibited considerably higher ASIR. With the exception of Kyrgyzstan, Kiribati, and Samoa that experienced a decrease in ASIR, the remaining 32 countries displayed an upward morbidity trend since 1990, with all their EAPCs exceeding the global average. In addition, men ages 90 years and above consistently exhibited the highest ASIR for prostate cancer. The most notable growth rate of ASIR was observed in individuals ages 20 to 44 years. CONCLUSIONS Overall, low-incidence countries generally witnessed an increase in prostate cancer morbidity, albeit at levels lower than those seen in Western countries. Individuals ages 90 years and above consistently maintained the highest ASIR since 1990. Notably, more substantial increase of ASIR in younger age was also observed in low-incidence countries. IMPACT This study offers a comprehensive overview of prostate cancer morbidity in low-incidence countries worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Future research should delve into the associations between incidence, clinical stages, PSA screening, environmental factors, lifestyle, and genetic risk in these low-incidence countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqing Tan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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6
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Jiang Y, He C, Ye H, Xu Q, Chen X, Chen Y, Sun J, Rocha S, Wang M. Comprehensive analysis of the lysine succinylome in fish oil-treated prostate cancer cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302131. [PMID: 37684043 PMCID: PMC10487806 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant health threat to males, and research has shown that fish oil (FO) can impede PCa progression by activating multiple mitochondria-related pathways. Our research is focused on investigating the impact of FO on succinylation, a posttranslational modification that is closely associated with mitochondria in PCa cells. This study employed a mass spectrometry-based approach to investigate succinylation in PCa cells. Bioinformatics analysis of these succinylated proteins identified glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) protein as a key player in PCa cell proliferation. Immunoprecipitation and RNA interference technologies validated the functional data. Further analyses revealed the significance of GOT2 protein in regulating nucleotide synthesis by providing aspartate, which is critical for the survival and proliferation of PCa cells. Our findings suggest that FO-dependent GOT2 succinylation status has the potential to inhibit building block generation. This study lays a solid foundation for future research into the role of succinylation in various biological processes. This study highlights the potential use of FO as a nutrition supplement for managing and slowing down PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haokai Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianhan Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianying Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sonia Rocha
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mu Wang
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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7
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Moussa H, Robitaille K, Pelletier JF, Tourigny R, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Toren P, Lodde M, Tiguert R, Dujardin T, Caumartin Y, Duchesne T, Julien P, Savard J, Diorio C, Fradet V. Effects of Concentrated Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Quality of Life after Radical Prostatectomy: A Phase II Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (RCT-EPA). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061369. [PMID: 36986098 PMCID: PMC10052536 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatments incur symptoms that may impact patients’ quality of life. Studies have shown beneficial relationships between diet, especially omega-3 fatty acids, and these symptoms. Unfortunately, only few data describing the relationship between long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (LCn3) and PCa-related symptoms in patients are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LCn3 supplementation on PCa-specific quality of life in 130 men treated by radical prostatectomy. Men were randomized to receive a daily dose of either 3.75 g of fish oil or a placebo starting 7 weeks before surgery and for up to one-year post-surgery. Quality of life was assessed using the validated EPIC-26 and IPSS questionnaires at randomization, at surgery, and every 3 months following surgery. Between-group differences were assessed using linear mixed models. Intention-to-treat analyses showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, at 12-month follow-up, per-protocol analyses showed a significantly greater increase in the urinary irritation function score (better urinary function) (MD = 5.5, p = 0.03) for the LCn3 group compared to placebo. These results suggest that LCn3 supplementation may improve the urinary irritation function in men with PCa treated by radical prostatectomy and support to conduct of larger-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Moussa
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | | | - Roxane Tourigny
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul Toren
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Michele Lodde
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Rabi Tiguert
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Dujardin
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Yves Caumartin
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Duchesne
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Josée Savard
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S1, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and NUTRISS Center—Nutrition, Health and Society of Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Cancérologie du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 5B3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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8
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Association between Dietary and Supplemental Antioxidants Intake and Lung Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Cancer Screening Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020338. [PMID: 36829901 PMCID: PMC9952418 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies provided inconsistent results on the effects of antioxidant nutrient intake on lung cancer prevention. We aimed to evaluate the association between antioxidant consumption from food and supplemental sources and lung cancer incidence. Data were obtained from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial. A total of 98,451 participants were included in the data analysis. We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between antioxidant intake and lung cancer risk. Dose-response assessments for individual nutrients were conducted. We also selected the model for the best combination of antioxidants for reducing lung cancer risk using machine learning methods. After the median follow-up of 12.2 years, 1642 new cases were identified. Intake of the calculated HRs indicated a trend for a higher quartile of food-based Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (fCDAI) associated with a lower lung cancer risk after adjusting for covariates (HRQ4vs.Q1 = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.79; P for trend < 0.001). Protective effects of dietary antioxidant intake were observed across all individual antioxidant micronutrients except magnesium. Random forests model suggested the dietary intake group of α-carotene, magnesium, vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, selenium, lutein, and zeaxanthin, and β-carotene had the most favorable effects on lung cancer prevention. Higher consumption of antioxidants from food sources has a protective effect against lung cancer, while no effects were shown in the supplemental group. It is recommended to consume a combination of various antioxidants due to the potential benefits from the interaction, while more research should be performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of antioxidant synergic effects on lung cancer risk reduction.
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9
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Integrative Approaches to the Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235933. [PMID: 36497414 PMCID: PMC9740147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of cancer patients use forms of complementary medicine or therapies. An integrative approach to cancer management combines conventional medicine with evidence-based complementary medicines/therapies and lifestyle interventions, for the treatment and prevention of disease and the optimisation of health. Its basis is a holistic one; to treat the whole person, not just the disease. It makes use of adjunct technologies which may assist the clinician in diagnosis of early carcinogenesis and monitoring of treatment effectiveness. Many factors contribute to the development of cancer including some which are largely modifiable by the patient and which oncologists may be in a position to advise on, such as stress, poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, poor sleep, and Vitamin D deficiency. An integrative approach to addressing these factors may contribute to better overall health of the patient and better outcomes. Evidence-based complementary medicine approaches include the use of supplements, herbal medicine, various practices that reduce stress, and physical therapies. Individualised to the patient, these can also help address the symptoms and signs associated with cancer and its orthodox treatment.
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10
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Mellor R, Saunders-Dow E, Mayr HL. Scope of Use and Effectiveness of Dietary Interventions for Improving Health-Related Outcomes in Veterans: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102094. [PMID: 35631235 PMCID: PMC9147269 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Military veterans often have numerous physical and mental health conditions and can face unique challenges to intervention and management. Dietary interventions can improve the outcomes in many health conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the scope of health conditions targeted with dietary interventions and the effectiveness of these interventions for improving health-related outcomes in veterans. A systematic literature review was performed following PRISMA guidelines to identify and evaluate studies related to veterans and dietary interventions. Five electronic databases were searched, identifying 2669 references. Following screening, 35 studies were evaluated, and 18 were related to a US national veteran weight-loss program. The included studies were critically appraised, and the findings were narratively synthesized. Study designs ranged from randomised controlled trials to cohort studies and were predominantly U.S. based. The intervention durations ranged from one to 24 months. The mean subject age ranged from 39.0 to 69.7 years, with often predominantly male participants, and the mean body mass index ranged from 26.4 to 42.9 kg/m2. Most dietary interventions for veterans were implemented in populations with overweight/obesity or chronic disease and involved single dietary interventions or dietary components of holistic lifestyle interventions. The most common primary outcome of interest was weight loss. The success of dietary interventions was generally moderate, and barriers included poor compliance, mental health conditions and large drop-out rates. The findings from this review illustrate the need for further refinement of dietary and lifestyle interventions for the management of veterans with chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Mellor
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD 4021, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise Saunders-Dow
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, QLD 4021, Australia;
| | - Hannah L. Mayr
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Hospital and Health Service, Buranda, QLD 4102, Australia
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11
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García-Caballero M, Torres-Vargas JA, Marrero AD, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ, Quesada AR. Angioprevention of Urologic Cancers by Plant-Derived Foods. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020256. [PMID: 35213989 PMCID: PMC8875200 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancer cases worldwide keeps growing unstoppably, despite the undeniable advances achieved by basic research and clinical practice. Urologic tumors, including some as prevalent as prostate, bladder or kidney tumors, are no exceptions to this rule. Moreover, the fact that many of these tumors are detected in early stages lengthens the duration of their treatment, with a significant increase in health care costs. In this scenario, prevention offers the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the global control of these diseases. Although specialized diets are not the only way to decrease the chances to develop cancer, epidemiological evidence support the role of certain plant-derived foods in the prevention of urologic cancer. In many cases, these plants are rich in antiangiogenic phytochemicals, which could be responsible for their protective or angiopreventive properties. Angiogenesis inhibition may contribute to slow down the progression of the tumor at very different stages and, for this reason, angiopreventive strategies could be implemented at different levels of chemoprevention, depending on the targeted population. In this review, epidemiological evidence supporting the role of certain plant-derived foods in urologic cancer prevention are presented, with particular emphasis on their content in bioactive phytochemicals that could be used in the angioprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Torres-Vargas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Dácil Marrero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), E-28019 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Andalucía Tech, E-29071 Malaga, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.T.-V.); (A.D.M.); (B.M.-P.); (M.Á.M.)
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Malaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Noor S, Semenova Y, Dosa A, Pen JJ, Menzel A, Piscopo S, Wirth N, Costea DO. Nutritional and surgical aspects in prostate disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35021909 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2013158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prostate disorders are commonplace in medicine, especially in older men, with prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer being the most abundant pathologies. The complexity of this organ, however, turns treatment into a challenge. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the efficacy of alternative treatments, which are not normally used in conventional medicine, with a particular focus on nutrients. In order to understand why and how nutrition can be beneficial in diseases of the prostate, we give an overview of the known characteristics and features of this organ. Then, we provide a summary of the most prevalent prostate illnesses. Finally, we propose nutrition-based treatment in each of these prostate problems, based on in-depth research concerning its effects in this context, with an emphasis on surgery. Overall, we plead for an upgrade of this form of alternative treatment to a fully recognized mode of therapy for the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology, ENT, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan.,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandru Dosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
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13
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Sharifi-Zahabi E, Soltani S, Malekahmadi M, Rezavand L, Clark CCT, Shidfar F. The effect of lycopene supplement from different sources on prostate specific antigen (PSA): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 64:102801. [PMID: 35031434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a major malignancy, affecting men, worldwide. The protective effect of dietary or supplemental lycopene on prostate cancer has been reported in several studies; however, the findings are equivocal. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental lycopene on PSA level, by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS We searched online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to 9 Jun 2020, to obtain relevant publications. The publication search was not limited by language or date. RESULTS A total of 1036 records were identified in the systematic search; from these, 9 were included in the systematic review and 6 in meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of the 6 studies showed no significant differences in PSA levels in subjects treated with lycopene or tomato extract containing lycopene (WMD= -0.12 ng/ml; 95% CI: -0.62, 0.38 ng/ml; P = 0.64) compared to the control. CONCLUSION Overall, tomato extracts or lycopene treatment yielded no significant effect on PSA level compared to the control. However, more consistent clinical trials, with larger sample sizes, are required to better discern the actual effect of tomato extract or lycopene on PSA level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laya Rezavand
- Imam Khomeini Comprehensive Health Services Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Zhao H, Jin X. Causal associations between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:965911. [PMID: 36118777 PMCID: PMC9479338 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.965911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is currently considered to be closely related to the occurrence of respiratory tumors, especially lung cancer. Many observational studies have shown that increased antioxidant intake can reduce the risk of lung cancer, but the results are still controversial. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to clarify the causal relationship between antioxidant vitamins and lung cancer. Methods To assess the causal effect of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake on lung cancer, we conducted a two-sample MR analysis and we extracted single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with antioxidants from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of the UK biobank. We gathered summary data for lung cancer from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), including 11,348 cases and 15,861 controls, and applied the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR analysis, and performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the results. Results The results showed that higher dietary retinol intake was causally associated with lung cancer overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.844, 95% CI, 1.359-2.502, p = 0.00009], squamous cell lung cancer (OR = 2.162, 95% CI, 1.117-4.183, p = 0.022), and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.706, 95% CI, 1.084-2.685, p = 0.021). Additionally, carotene was positively correlated with lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.510, 95% CI, 1.002-2.276, p = 0.049). However, there was a non-significant relationship between the intake of other dietary antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E) and lung cancer. Conclusion Our research showed that dietary retinol intake has an adverse impact on lung cancer, and carotene might increase the risk of adenocarcinoma. This highlights the importance of revealing the underlying mechanisms of dietary antioxidant vitamins in lung cancer and delivers an important health message that dietary antioxidant vitamin intake may not be necessary for the prevention of lung cancer. It also provides a basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Department of International Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shengyang, China
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15
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Merae Alshahrani M. A glance at the emerging diagnostic biomarkers in the most prevalent genitourinary cancers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:2072-2084. [PMID: 35531253 PMCID: PMC9073037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers comprise of a heterogenous group of cancers of which renal cell carcinoma, urothelial bladder carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most commonly encountered subtypes. A lot of research is ongoing using various strategies for exploration of novel biomarkers for genitourinary cancers. These biomarkers would not reduce the need for invasive diagnostic techniques but also could be used for early and accurate diagnosis to improve the clinical management required for the disease. Moreover, selecting the appropriate treatment regimen for the responsive patients based on these biomarkers would reduce the treatment toxicity as well as cost. Biomarkers identified using various advanced techniques like next generation sequencing and proteomics, which have been classified as immunological biomarkers, tissue-specific biomarkers and liquid biomarkers. Immunological biomarkers include markers of immunological pathways such as CTLA4, PD-1/PDl-1, tissue biomarkers include tissue specific molecules such as PSA antigen and liquid biomarkers include biomarkers detectable in urine, circulating cells etc. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief introduction to the most prevalent genitourinary malignancies, including bladder, kidney, and prostate cancers along with a major focus on the novel diagnostic biomarkers and the importance of targeting them prior to genitourinary cancers treatment. Understanding these biomarkers and their potential in diagnosis of genitourinary cancer would not help in early and accurate diagnosis as mentioned above but may also lead towards a personalized approach for better diagnosis, prognosis and specified treatment approach for an individual.
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16
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Tiwari R, Fleshner N. The role of metformin, statins and diet in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer. World J Urol 2021; 40:61-69. [PMID: 34657209 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03858-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A sound scientific basis has been emerging on the anti-neoplastic role of metformin, statins and dietary interventions. However, evidence in prostate cancer patients remains mixed owing to an absence of completed randomized trials. This overview examines the rationale for metformin, statins and dietary intervention for secondary prevention in men on active surveillance by summarizing current evidence base and biological mechanisms in influencing cancer progression and mortality. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify studies that evaluated the role of metformin, statins and diet in the secondary prevention of prostate cancer as well as those that described the anti-cancer mechanisms of these agents. The search included Pubmed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library from inception till August 2021. RESULTS A total of 14 trials on metformin, 21 trials on statins and 13 trials on dietary measures were evaluated. Majority were observational population-based cohort studies or meta-analysis of them. Three ongoing prospective randomized controlled trials were also reported. Overall, mixed results were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The role of metformin and statins remains promising with several trials showing reduced rates of progression and cancer specific mortality. Combination therapy strategies have also been evaluated in more advanced patients showing synergism. Dietary interventions especially fruits, vegetables and fish intake has shown some benefit albeit with mixed results for others like legumes, red meat, coffee and multivitamins. Several ongoing randomized trials will provide stronger evidence in the future for secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Tiwari
- Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X6, Canada.
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division of Urology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 700 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X6, Canada
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17
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A Perspective on Withania somnifera Modulating Antitumor Immunity in Targeting Prostate Cancer. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9483433. [PMID: 34485538 PMCID: PMC8413038 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9483433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants serve as a lead source of bioactive compounds and have been an integral part of day-to-day life in treating various disease conditions since ancient times. Withaferin A (WFA), a bioactive ingredient of Withania somnifera, has been used for health and medicinal purposes for its adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties long before the published literature came into existence. Nearly 25% of pharmaceutical drugs are derived from medicinal plants, classified as dietary supplements. The bioactive compounds in these supplements may serve as chemotherapeutic substances competent to inhibit or reverse the process of carcinogenesis. The role of WFA is appreciated to polarize tumor-suppressive Th1-type immune response inducing natural killer cell activity and may provide an opportunity to manipulate the tumor microenvironment at an early stage to inhibit tumor progression. This article signifies the cumulative information about the role of WFA in modulating antitumor immunity and its potential in targeting prostate cancer.
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18
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Hybrid algorithm for the classification of prostate cancer patients of the MCC-Spain study based on support vector machines and genetic algorithms. Neurocomputing 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Cho D, Milbury K, Liao Y, Pettaway CA, Gregg JR, Li Y, McNeill LH. Study protocol: One plus one can be greater than two-Ecological momentary assessment for Black prostate cancer survivors and partners. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255614. [PMID: 34370761 PMCID: PMC8351991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that romantic partners play a pivotal role in patients' survivorship period, integrating partners into survivorship care and broadening the focus of behavioral interventions from the individual (survivor) to the survivor-partner dyad may make healthy lifestyle behaviors more easily adopted and potentially maintained. Understanding the role of dyadic processes in Black survivors is particularly important because their lifestyle behaviors are poor and they have higher cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. To develop an effective dyadic lifestyle behavior intervention for Black survivors, micro-level investigations of interactions between Black survivors and their partners are necessary to pinpoint how survivors and partners facilitate or hinder each other's lifestyle behaviors in their natural, everyday lives. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to fill these gaps using ecological momentary assessment to eventually develop more effective lifestyle interventions for Black prostate cancer (PCa) survivors and partners. A total of 120 dyads (i.e., 240 individuals) who are Black adult survivors diagnosed with non-metastatic PCa and their romantic partners will be asked to complete four assessments per day for 14 consecutive days on a smartphone after an initial retrospective survey. Over the 14 days, participants will be asked to complete a brief survey regarding their lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, sedentariness and eating behaviors), contexts of lifestyle behaviors, stress, and coping. Physical activity and sedentary behavior will be assessed via accelerometer; eating behaviors will be assessed with the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool. After completing the 14-day assessment, participants will be asked to complete a final retrospective survey. Results of the proposed study will inform the rigorous development of a theory-based dyadic lifestyle intervention in this vulnerable survivorship population with the ultimate goal to improve overall survival and reduce morbidities (for survivors) and reduce cancer incidence (for partners).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalnim Cho
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kathrin Milbury
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Gregg
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yisheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lorna H. McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Ben-Eltriki M, Deb S, Guns EST. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 synergistically enhances anticancer effects of ginsenoside Rh2 in human prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105828. [PMID: 33493594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, commonly known as calcitriol), the most active metabolite of vitamin D3, and ginsenoside Rh2 can regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation proteins. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the anticancer activities of Rh2 in human prostate cancer cells such as androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent C4-2 in vitro. The effects of treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 or Rh2, either alone or in combination, on prostate cancer cells were evaluated through tetrazolium-based cell viability assay, BrdU cell proliferation rate estimation assay, and Western blot protein expression analyses of nuclear receptors (androgen receptor and vitamin D receptors) and apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase 3). The Combination Indices (CI) and Dose Reduction Indices (DRI) of 1,25(OH)2D3 and Rh2 were calculated to determine synergistic anticancer activity using Calcusyn software (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK). The cell viability assay data indicate that Rh2 treatment alone inhibited cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and the addition of 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 to Rh2 significantly enhanced its ability to reduce cell viability up to 80 % in both the cell lines. Similarly, addition of 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 to Rh2 significantly lowered its IC50 values for cell proliferation from the range of 32-65 μM to 14-8 μM in LNCaP and C4-2 cells. In addition, protein expression analyses indicated that the combined treatment with Rh2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 led to greater downregulation of androgen receptor expression compared to single agent exposure. Similarly, the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 synergistically increased the pro-apoptotic actions of Rh2 in both the cell lines. Overall, 1,25(OH)2D3 augments the Rh2-mediated anticancer effects through stimulating apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation which suggests that synergism of this combination may lead to potential lower need of the active vitamin D3 and limited toxicity from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ben-Eltriki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada; Therapeutics Initiative, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Subrata Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
| | - Emma S Tomlinson Guns
- Vancouver Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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21
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Carreño DV, Corro NB, Cerda-Infante JF, Echeverría CE, Asencio-Barría CA, Torres-Estay VA, Mayorga-Weber GA, Rojas PA, Véliz LP, Cisternas PA, Montecinos VP, San Francisco IF, Varas-Godoy MA, Sotomayor PC, Castro MA, Nualart FJ, Inestrosa NC, Godoy AS. Dietary Fructose Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2824-2832. [PMID: 33762358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical localization of primary tumors and sites of metastasis by PET is based on the enhanced cellular uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG). In prostate cancer, however, PET-FDG imaging has shown limited clinical applicability, suggesting that prostate cancer cells may utilize hexoses other than glucose, such as fructose, as the preferred energy source. Our previous studies suggested that prostate cancer cells overexpress fructose transporters, but not glucose transporters, compared with benign cells. Here, we focused on validating the functional expression of fructose transporters and determining whether fructose can modulate the biology of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Fructose transporters, Glut5 and Glut9, were significantly upregulated in clinical specimens of prostate cancer when compared with their benign counterparts. Fructose levels in the serum of patients with prostate cancer were significantly higher than healthy subjects. Functional expression of fructose transporters was confirmed in prostate cancer cell lines. A detailed kinetic characterization indicated that Glut5 represents the main functional contributor in mediating fructose transport in prostate cancer cells. Fructose stimulated proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro. In addition, dietary fructose increased the growth of prostate cancer cell line-derived xenograft tumors and promoted prostate cancer cell proliferation in patient-derived xenografts. Gene set enrichment analysis confirmed that fructose stimulation enriched for proliferation-related pathways in prostate cancer cells. These results demonstrate that fructose promotes prostate cancer cell growth and aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo and may represent an alternative energy source for prostate cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies increased expression of fructose transporters in prostate cancer and demonstrates a role for fructose as a key metabolic substrate supporting prostate cancer cells, revealing potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Carreño
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Néstor B Corro
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier F Cerda-Infante
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina E Echeverría
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Verónica A Torres-Estay
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A Mayorga-Weber
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo A Rojas
- Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto P Véliz
- Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro A Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Viviana P Montecinos
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Manuel A Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula C Sotomayor
- Department of Urology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maite A Castro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Francisco J Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CMA), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro S Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile. .,Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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22
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WILSON REBEKAHL, NEWTON ROBERTU, TAAFFE DENNISR, HART NICOLASH, LYONS-WALL PHILIPPA, GALVÃO DANIELA. Weight Loss for Obese Prostate Cancer Patients on Androgen Deprivation Therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:470-478. [PMID: 33009195 PMCID: PMC7886363 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Excess fat mass (FM) contributes to poor prostate cancer (PCa) prognosis and comorbidity. However, FM gain is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We examined the efficacy of a 12-wk weight loss intervention to reduce FM and maintain lean mass (LM) in ADT-treated obese PCa patients. METHODS Fourteen ADT-treated obese PCa patients (72 ± 9 yr, 39.7% ± 5.4% body fat) were recruited for a self-controlled prospective study, with 11 completing the 6-wk control period, followed by a 12-wk intervention comprising 300 min·wk-1 of exercise including supervised resistance training and home-based aerobic exercise, and dietitian consultations advising a daily energy deficit (2100-4200 kJ) and protein supplementation. Body composition was assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Secondary outcomes included muscle strength (one-repetition maximum), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), and blood biomarkers. RESULTS There were no significant changes during the control period. Patients attended 89% of supervised exercise sessions and 100% of dietitian consultations. No changes in physical activity or energy intake were observed. During the intervention, patients experienced significant reductions in weight (-2.8 ± 3.2 kg, P = 0.016), FM (-2.8 ± 2.6 kg, P < 0.001), and trunk FM (-1.8 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001), with LM preserved (-0.05 ± 1.6 kg, P = 0.805). Muscle strength (4.6%-24.7%, P < 0.010) and maximal oxygen consumption (3.5 ± 4.7 mL·min-1·kg-1, P = 0.041) significantly improved. Leptin significantly decreased (-2.2 (-2.7 to 0.5) ng·mL-1, P = 0.016) with no other changes in blood biomarkers such as testosterone and lipids (P = 0.051-0.765); however, C-reactive protein (rs = -0.670, P = 0.024) and triglycerides (r = -0.667, P = 0.025) were associated with individual changes in LM. CONCLUSIONS This study shows preliminary efficacy for an exercise and nutrition weight loss intervention to reduce FM, maintain LM, and improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in ADT-treated obese PCa patients. The change in body composition may affect blood biomarkers associated with obesity and PCa progression; however, further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- REBEKAH L. WILSON
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - ROBERT U. NEWTON
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - DENNIS R. TAAFFE
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - NICOLAS H. HART
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - PHILIPPA LYONS-WALL
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
| | - DANIEL A. GALVÃO
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, AUSTRALIA
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23
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Stringer EJ, Sidhu S, Austin K, Cosby C. Nutrition Education Seminars for Prostate Cancer-Diet and Prostate Program: Evaluation and Recommendations (DAPPER Study). CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2021; 82:27-31. [PMID: 33320768 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2020-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is important for prostate cancer (PCa) care as it may influence PCa progression and risk of comorbid diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to assess changes in knowledge and satisfaction in men with PCa following attendance at a nutrition education seminar. Fifty-two men with PCa attended nutrition education seminars instructed by a Registered Dietitian. Participants completed the Revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ-R) preseminar and 2 weeks postseminar, along with a satisfaction survey. Increased nutrition knowledge was observed through a significant (P = 0.023) improvement in mean scores of 71.6% (P < 0.005) preseminar compared with 79.3% (P < 0.005) postseminar on the GNKQ-R. Participants reported the seminar as a satisfactory method for meeting their diet information needs. Using thematic analysis 3 themes emerged: importance of diet information, desire for an integrative approach, and the value of group learning. This pilot study found that a group nutrition education seminar may be an effective and satisfactory approach to fulfilling the dietary information needs of this population. Group education may be an economically sustainable approach with potential application in other tumour sites or health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satnam Sidhu
- Oncology Nutrition, BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - Karina Austin
- Oncology Nutrition, BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC
| | - Cheri Cosby
- Oncology Nutrition, BC Cancer-Victoria, Victoria, BC
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24
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Fu BC, Tabung FK, Pernar CH, Wang W, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Chowdhury-Paulino IM, Clinton SK, Folefac E, Song M, Kibel AS, Giovannucci EL, Mucci LA. Insulinemic and Inflammatory Dietary Patterns and Risk of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2021; 79:405-412. [PMID: 33422354 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation are inter-related pathways that link diet with the risk of several chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that these pathways may also increase prostate cancer risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperinsulinemic diet and inflammatory diet are associated with prostate cancer incidence and mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We prospectively followed 41 209 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014). Scores for two validated dietary patterns were calculated from food frequency questionnaires at baseline and updated every 4 yr. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Total, advanced, and lethal prostate cancer outcomes were assessed. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for associations between two empirical hypothesis-oriented dietary patterns-empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia and empirical dietary inflammatory pattern-and prostate cancer risk estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS During 28 yr of follow-up, 5929 incident cases of total prostate cancer, including 1019 advanced and 667 fatal, were documented. In multivariable-adjusted models, there was a 7% higher risk of advanced prostate cancer (HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.01-1.15) and a 9% higher risk of fatal prostate cancer (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.00-1.18) per standard deviation (SD) increase in the hyperinsulinemic diet. When stratified by age, the hyperinsulinemic diet was associated with only earlier-onset aggressive prostate cancer (men under 65 yr), with per SD HRs of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.06-1.35) for advanced, 1.22 (1.04-1.42) for fatal, and 1.20 (1.04-1.38) for lethal. The inflammatory diet was not associated with prostate cancer risk in the overall study population, but was associated with earlier-onset lethal prostate cancer (per SD increase HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35). CONCLUSIONS Hyperinsulinemia and inflammation may be potential mechanisms linking dietary patterns with the risk of aggressive prostate cancer, particularly earlier-onset disease. PATIENT SUMMARY Avoiding inflammatory and hyperinsulinemic dietary patterns may be beneficial for the prevention of clinically relevant prostate cancer, especially among younger men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire H Pernar
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weike Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Edmund Folefac
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Kaler J, Hussain A, Haque A, Naveed H, Patel S. A Comprehensive Review of Pharmaceutical and Surgical Interventions of Prostate Cancer. Cureus 2020; 12:e11617. [PMID: 33240734 PMCID: PMC7681941 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As the second most common cause of death amongst men in the United States, prostate cancer is a type of cancer that is known to develop and originate in the prostate gland. The main function of the prostate gland is to produce seminal fluid in which the sperm bathes. The seminal fluids are necessary for allowing the sperm to move easily through the urethra and also allows successful fertilization by providing an alkaline environment for the sperm in the acidic nature of the vagina. The seminal vesicles are two smaller glands that are attached to either side of the prostate gland and in radical prostatectomies, can get removed. In the event that the seminal vesicles are removed during a radical prostatectomy, the individual is unable to produce any seminal fluids and thus, becoming infertile. Prostate cancer is most commonly seen in patients over the age of 66 years, however, in the presence of predisposing risk factors, may occur as early as in the late 40s. Certain risk factors may speed the presentation of prostate cancer in individuals and thus, mandatory screening is recommended around the age of 45. If no risk factors are present, screening is recommended to begin after the age of 50 years. Screening for prostate cancer is focused on looking for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a blood test, though this may not be the most reliable method. The method of diagnosis stems from further testing done following an abnormal PSA test. A digital rectal examination and ultrasonography may also be used to assist with the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Though there are several different types of pharmaceutical interventions currently present in the eradication of prostate cancer, with androgen deprivation therapy being the most commonly used, surgical interventions may be utilized to completely resect cancer from an individual. Different radical prostatectomies are used; the appropriate approach utilized is dependent on the extensiveness of cancer and the type of cancer that is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasndeep Kaler
- Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Healthcare Administration, Franklin University, Columbus, USA
- Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Ayema Haque
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK
| | - Hassan Naveed
- Internal Medicine, St. Matthew's University School of Medicine, Grand Cayman, CYM
| | - Sundip Patel
- Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, KNA
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26
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Public interest in dietary supplements for prostate cancer prevention. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 24:58-60. [PMID: 32684622 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Defever K, Platz EA, Lopez DS, Mondul AM. Differences in the prevalence of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer by race and ethnicity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:851-860. [PMID: 32666408 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer burden is disproportionate by race. Black men have the highest incidence and mortality rates. Rates for Hispanic men are significantly lower than for non-Hispanic Whites. Whether differences in prevalences of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer may explain these racial/ethnic differences remains unclear. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which are cross-sectional and nationally representative. We selected factors known or suspected to be associated with prostate cancer and calculated risk scores combining key factors. Age-adjusted means and proportions were calculated for each factor and risk score by race/ethnicity. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalences of most factors are statistically significantly differed by race/ethnicity. In NHANES III, the prevalence of high risk score (i.e., > 25th percentile for all participants) was lower for all groups (non-Hispanic Black = 59.4%, non-US-born Mexican American = 51.4%, US-born Mexican American = 61.4%) vs. non-Hispanic White men (76.4%). Similar findings were observed for the fatal weighted risk score and for continuous NHANES. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from this nationally representative study suggest that a combination of multiple risk and protective factors may help to explain the lower rates of prostate cancer in Mexican Americans. However, variation in these factors did not explain the higher risk of prostate cancer in non-Hispanic Black men. No one lifestyle change can reduce prostate cancer equally across all racial/ethnic groups, and modifiable factors may not explain the increased risk in black men at all. Secondary prevention strategies may provide the most benefit for black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Defever
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Maly IV, Hofmann WA. Effect of Palmitic Acid on Exosome-Mediated Secretion and Invasive Motility in Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122722. [PMID: 32545453 PMCID: PMC7355791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat consumption can enhance metastasis and decrease survival in prostate cancer, but the picture remains incomplete on the epidemiological and cell-biological level, impeding progress toward individualized recommendations in the clinic. Recent work has highlighted the role of exosomes secreted by prostate cancer cells in the progression of the disease, particularly in metastatic invasion, and also the utility of targeting these extracellular vesicles for diagnostics, as carriers of disease progression markers. Here, we investigated the question of a potential impact of the chief nutritional saturated fatty acid on the exosome secretion. Palmitic acid decreased the secretion of exosomes in human prostate cancer cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same time, the content of some prospective metastatic markers in the secreted exosomal fraction was also reduced, as was the ability of the cells to invade across extracellular matrix barriers. While by themselves our in vitro results imply that on the cell level, palmitic acid may be beneficial vis-à-vis the course of the disease, they also suggest that, by virtue of the decreased biomarker secretion, palmitic acid has the potential to cause unjustified deprioritization of treatment in obese and lipidemic men.
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29
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Cano-Ibáñez N, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Lozano-Lorca M, Vázquez-Alonso F, Arrabal-Martín M, Triviño-Juárez JM, Salcedo-Bellido I, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Olmedo-Requena R. Dietary Diversity and Prostate Cancer in a Spanish Adult Population: CAPLIFE Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061694. [PMID: 32517184 PMCID: PMC7352258 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary diversity (DD) is a key component of a high-quality diet, providing the adequate nutrient requirements. However, the role of DD on prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between DD, adequate nutrient intake and PCa, according to the aggressiveness of the tumor. The CAPLIFE (CAP: prostate cancer; LIFE: lifestyles) study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 402 incident PCa cases and 302 controls. The DD score (DDS), adjusted by total energy intake, was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient adequacy was defined according to European Dietary Recommendation Intake for men. The aggressiveness of PCa was determined according to the International Society of Urology Pathology classification. The association between DDS, nutrient intake and PCa was assessed by logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. DDS was similar for PCa cases and controls, independent of PCa aggressiveness. According to each food group DDS, the protein group showed the highest mean score in all the subgroups analyzed. However, no differences were observed for each of the DDS components. The DDS, the variety of the group's food intake, and the adequate nutrient intake, were not associated with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.B.-R.); (R.O.-R.); Tel.: +95-824-3543 (R.B.-R.)
| | - Macarena Lozano-Lorca
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Miguel Arrabal-Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Urology Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Rocío Olmedo-Requena
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (N.C.-I.); (M.L.-L.); (I.S.-B.); (J.J.J.-M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.B.-R.); (R.O.-R.); Tel.: +95-824-3543 (R.B.-R.)
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Fraser GE, Jacobsen BK, Knutsen SF, Mashchak A, Lloren JI. Tomato consumption and intake of lycopene as predictors of the incidence of prostate cancer: the Adventist Health Study-2. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:341-351. [PMID: 32100191 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies have controversially suggested that prostate cancer, the most common cancer among Western men, is less common among those with a high intake of tomato products and lycopene. We examine multivariable associations between the intake of tomatoes and lycopene, and risk of prostate cancer. METHODS In a prospective study of 27,934 Adventist men without prevalent cancer, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to address the objectives. Dietary measurement error was partially corrected with regression calibration. RESULTS 1226 incident cases of prostate cancer, 355 of them aggressive, were identified during 7.9 years of follow-up. Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes more than four times a week was associated with a HR = 0.72 (95% CI 0.55, 0.94, P = 0.02) comparing to risk in those never consuming this food. Treating this as a continuous variable, adjusting for confounders, produces a similar result, HR = 0.86 (95% CI 0.75, 0.99), comparing 64 g/day with zero intakes (questionnaire data). Regression calibration, although less precise, suggests a yet stronger and statistically significant inverse relationship, comparing a 24-h dietary recall intake of 71 g/day canned and cooked tomato product, with zero intake. Uncalibrated multivariable-adjusted competing risk analyses do not find differences in tomato associations between aggressive and non-aggressive prostate cancers although power for aggressive cancers is limited. CONCLUSION Consumption of canned and cooked tomatoes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. These products contain more available lycopene. However, an observational study cannot exclude confounding by some unidentified, prostate cancer preventive factor. Clinical Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03615599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary E Fraser
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Bjarne K Jacobsen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Synnøve F Knutsen
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jan I Lloren
- School of Public Health, Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Dr., NH 2033, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular determinants of prostate cancer among Iranian patients: An update. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 57:37-53. [PMID: 31895010 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1657061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common age-related cancers among men. Various environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development and progression of PCa. In most cases, the primary symptoms of disease are not severe. Therefore, it is common for patients to be referred with severe clinical manifestations at advanced stages of disease. Since this malignancy is age related and Iran will face a significant increase in the number of seniors, it is expected that the prevalence of PCa among Iranian men will rise. PCa progression has been observed to be associated with genetic and ethnic factors. It may therefore be clinically useful to determine a panel of genetic markers, in addition to routine diagnostic methods, to detect tumors in the early stages. In the present review, we have summarized the reported genetic markers in PCa Iranian patients to pave the way for the determination of an ethnic specific genetic marker panel for the early detection of PCa. To understand the genetic and molecular biology of PCa among Iranians, we have categorized these genetic markers based on their cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Dietary fatty acid quality affects systemic parameters and promotes prostatitis and pre-neoplastic lesions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19233. [PMID: 31848441 PMCID: PMC6917739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental and nutritional factors, including fatty acids (FA), are associated with prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. We hypothesized that different FA in normolipidic diets (7%) affect prostate physiology, increasing the susceptibility to prostate disorders. Thus, we fed male C57/BL6 mice with normolipidic diets based on linseed oil, soybean oil or lard (varying saturated and unsaturated FA contents and ω-3/ω-6 ratios) for 12 or 32 weeks after weaning and examined structural and functional parameters of the ventral prostate (VP) in the systemic metabolic context. Mongolian gerbils were included because they present a metabolic detour for low water consumption (i.e., oxidize FA to produce metabolic water). A linseed oil-based diet (LO, 67.4% PUFAs, ω-3/ω-6 = 3.70) resulted in a thermogenic profile, while a soybean oil-based diet (SO, 52.7% PUFAs, ω-3/ω-6 = 0.11) increased body growth and adiposity. Mice fed lard (PF, 13.1% PUFA, ω-3/ω-6 = 0.07) depicted a biphasic growth, resulting in decreased adiposity in adulthood. SO and PF resulted in hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis, respectively. PF and SO increased prostate epithelial volume, and lard resulted in epithelial hyperplasia. Animals in the LO group had smaller prostates with predominant atrophic epithelia and inflammatory loci. Inflammatory cells were frequent in the VP of PF mice (predominantly stromal) and LO mice (predominantly luminal). RNAseq after 12 weeks revealed good predictors of a later-onset inflammation. The transcriptome unveiled ontologies related to ER stress after 32 weeks on PF diets. In conclusion, different FA qualities result in different metabolic phenotypes and differentially impact prostate size, epithelial volume, inflammation and gene expression.
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Yannitsos D, Murphy RA, Pollock P, Di Sebastiano KM. Facilitators and barriers to participation in lifestyle modification for men with prostate cancer: A scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 29:e13193. [PMID: 31797478 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet and physical activity changes have been shown to improve quality of life and health outcomes for prostate cancer (PC) survivors; however, few survivors make lifestyle changes. We aimed to identify PC-specific facilitators and barriers to dietary and physical activity changes and participation in survivorship-based lifestyle management programmes. METHODS A scoping review investigating facilitators and barriers of PC survivor's participation in lifestyle management programmes was conducted in June 2018. A total of 454 studies were identified, 45 studies were assessed in full, and 16 were included in the scoping review. RESULTS Barriers to lifestyle change included perceived lack of evidence for lifestyle guidelines, treatment side effects, perception of change as unnecessary, time pressure and age. Facilitators for lifestyle change included advice from health professionals, support systems (family and peer), diagnosis as a time for change, lifestyle as a coping strategy to manage side effects and improve well-being. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals, peers and family have a significant role in lifestyle management for PC survivors to facilitate engagement. Specific and clear messaging of the benefits of lifestyle management is warranted. Treatment-related side effects, time pressure, current health perception and age should be considered when developing lifestyle management programmes for PC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Yannitsos
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Phil Pollock
- Prostate Cancer Supportive Care Clinic, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Diamond Healthcare Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Cancer - Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Katie M Di Sebastiano
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Bagheri A, Nachvak SM, Abdollahzad H, Rezaei M. Inflammatory Potential of Diet and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Casecontrol Study in the West of Iran. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180620141541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer in worldwide and inflammatory
reactions may be the major risk factors for it. Diet has a potential role in the running of inflammatory
reactions. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a tool that can assess the inflammatory potential
of a diet.
Objective:
Study of the effect of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and body composition on the risk
of prostate cancer was the aim of this research.
Methods:
We assessed the ability of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to predict prostate cancer in a
case-control study conducted in Kermanshah, Iran in 2016. The study included 50 cases with primary
prostate cancer and 150 healthy controls. Anthropometric indices were measured by Bioelectric Impedance
Analysis (BIA). The DII was computed based on the intake of 32 nutrients assessed using a
147-items food frequency questionnaire. The multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the
odds ratio, with DII expressed as a dichotomous variable.
Results:
There were no statistically significant differences in body composition between case and control
groups, but participants with DII > 0.80 had significant differences in BMI, LBM, SLM, MBF and TBW
versus participant with DII ≤ 0.80. Also, men with higher DII scores were at increased risk of prostate
cancer [OR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval 1.28-2.44] and categorical variable [OR DII>0.80 vs ≤ 0.80:
3.81; 95% confidence interval: 1.49-9.75].
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer
and also can have the impact on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bagheri
- Nutritional Science Department, School of Nutritional Science & Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed M. Nachvak
- Nutritional Science Department, School of Nutritional Science & Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Nutritional Science Department, School of Nutritional Science & Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Hughes S, Egger S, Carle C, Smith DP, Chambers S, Kahn C, Caperchione CM, Moxey A, O’Connell DL. Factors associated with the use of diet and the use of exercise for prostate cancer by long-term survivors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223407. [PMID: 31581210 PMCID: PMC6776329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the use of diet and the use of exercise for prostate cancer (and/or its treatments’ side effects) by long-term survivors and whether such use is associated with selected socio-demographic, clinical, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and psychological factors. Design, setting and participants Population-based cohort study in New South Wales, Australia of prostate cancer survivors aged <70 years at diagnosis and who returned a 10-year follow-up questionnaire. Methods Validated instruments assessed patient’s HRQOL and psychological well-being. Poisson regression was used to estimate adjusted relative proportions (RRs) of prostate cancer survivor groups who were currently eating differently (‘using diet’) or exercise differently (‘using exercise’) to help with their prostate cancer. Results 996 (61.0% of 1634) participants completed the 10-year questionnaire of whom 118 (11.8%; 95%CI[9.8–13.9]) were using diet and 78 (7.8%; 95%CI[6.2–9.5]) were using exercise to help with their prostate cancer. Men were more likely to use diet or use exercise for prostate cancer if they were younger (p-trend = 0.020 for diet, p-trend = 0.045 for exercise), more educated (p-trend<0.001, p-trend = 0.011), support group participants (p-nominal<0.001, p-nominal = 0.005), had higher Gleason score at diagnosis (p-trend<0.001, p-trend = 0.002) and had knowledge of cancer spread (p-nominal = 0.002, p-nominal = 0.001). Use of diet was also associated with receipt of androgen deprivation therapy (RR = 1.59; 95%CI[1.04–2.45]), a greater fear of cancer recurrence (p-trend = 0.010), cognitive avoidance (p-trend = 0.025) and greater perceived control of cancer course (p-trend = 0.014). Use of exercise was also associated with receipt of prostatectomy (RR = 2.02; 95%CI[1.12–3.63]), receipt of androgen deprivation therapy (RR = 2.20; 95%CI[1.34–3.61]) and less satisfaction with medical treatments (p-trend = 0.044). Conclusions Few long-term prostate cancer survivors use diet or exercise to help with their prostate cancer. Survivors may benefit from counselling on the scientific evidence supporting healthy eating and regular exercise for improving quality-of-life and cancer-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hughes
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Chelsea Carle
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute, Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- Menzies Health Institute, Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Kahn
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristina M. Caperchione
- Faculty of Health, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette Moxey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dianne L. O’Connell
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Silva GR, Vaz CV, Catalão B, Ferreira S, Cardoso HJ, Duarte AP, Socorro S. Sweet Cherry Extract Targets the Hallmarks of Cancer in Prostate Cells: Diminished Viability, Increased Apoptosis and Suppressed Glycolytic Metabolism. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:917-931. [PMID: 31507215 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1661502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the anticancer properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) extract on human prostate cells. Several sweet cherry cultivars from Fundão (Portugal) were methanol-extracted and their phytochemical composition characterized. The Saco "late harvest" extract was highly-enriched in anthocyanins and selected for use in biological assays. Non-neoplastic (PNT1A) and neoplastic (LNCaP and PC3) human prostate cells were treated with 0-2,000 μg/ml of extract for 48-96 h. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT assay. Apoptosis, oxidative stress, and glycolytic metabolism were assessed by Western blotting and enzymatic assays. Glucose consumption and lactate production were measured spectrophotometrically. Saco cherry extract diminished the viability of neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, whereas enhancing apoptosis in LNCaP. Cherry extract-treatment also diminished oxidative damage and suppressed glycolytic metabolism in LNCaP cells. These findings widened the knowledge on the mechanisms by which cherry extract modulate cell physiology, demonstrating their broad action over the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo R Silva
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Catalão
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Fu S, Wan X, Du C, Wang H, Zhou J, Wang Z. A novel fluorescent probe for the early detection of prostate cancer based on endogenous zinc sensing. Prostate 2019; 79:1378-1385. [PMID: 31349394 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of prostate cancer can significantly optimize the prognosis, prolong patient lifespan, and improve quality of life. It has been well documented that prostate cancer tissues have lower zinc content than normal prostate tissues due to an impairment of the zinc accumulation mechanism. METHODS A novel diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based fluorescent zinc ion probe named DPP-C2 was prepared. The fluorescent intensity of this novel molecule is in direct proportion to environmental zinc concentration. Malignant (DU145 and PC3 cells) and normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells were tested. Prostate cancer tissues were also cultured and observed as tissue sections. The probe was also intravenously administered to tumor-bearing (DU145 and PC3 cells) nude mice and observed under a whole-body fluorescence live-imaging system. RESULTS The probe showed minimal cytotoxicity to malignant and normal prostate cells. The RWPE-1 cells showed not only stronger baseline fluorescence but also a significant increase in signal intensity after culturing in a zinc-supplemented medium. In human prostate sections, the pathologically confirmed cancer tissues exhibited weaker fluorescence signals than normal and benign hyperplastic tissues. With proper excitation, prostate tissues revealed more intense fluorescence signals than tumor tissues, whereas other surrounding tissues showed almost no fluorescence. CONCLUSIONS The novel zinc ion fluorescent probe DPP-C2 is low toxic and showed potential application for the early detection of prostate cancer based on endogenous zinc sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Fu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Du
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bratton BA, Maly IV, Hofmann WA. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219822. [PMID: 31314803 PMCID: PMC6636762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer to lethal forms is marked by emergence of hormone-independent proliferation of the cancer cells. Nutritional and epidemiological studies have indicated that prostate cancer progression is correlated with the consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). To shed additional light on the cell-level mechanisms of the observed correlation, we compared the sensitivity of hormone-dependent and hormone-independent prostate cancer cells to growth medium supplementation with free PUFAs in a cell proliferation and viability assay. Our data show that the hormone-dependent cells are comparatively insensitive to various PUFAs, at the same time as the growth and viability of hormone-independent cells lines are strongly inhibited by most of the tested PUFAs, whether n–3 or n–6. We speculate that this difference may be at least partially responsible for the observed effects of specific dietary lipids in prostate cancer. The new data strengthen the case for dietary intervention as part of potential new therapeutic strategies seeking to impede prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden A. Bratton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ivan V. Maly
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Wilma A. Hofmann
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Purpose
Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, an index that determines the quality of a diet, was created to predict the risk of chronic diseases. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this index can predict the risk of prostate cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among men around the world. The study aims to investigate the association between adherence to the AHEI-2010 and the risk of prostate cancer in Iranian men.
Design/methodology/approach
The case–control study was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran in the year 2016. The study included 50 cases of Iranian men with prostate cancer and 150 healthy controls. Anthropometric indices were measured by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). The AHEI-2010 included 11 food components that were assessed by using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the association of the AHEI-2010 (expressed as a dichotomous variable) with prostate cancer.
Findings
As per the analysis, there were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) between case and control groups, statistically. After adjustment for potential confounders, the higher AHEI-2010 scores were associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer (OR AHEI > 55 vs ≤ 55 = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11-0.63). Moreover, the Mean of AHEI scores was higher in controls than in the cases (p < 0.001).
Originality/value
The authors’ findings suggest that adherence to the dietary patterns with high scores of AHEI-2010 is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, so this index may be used as an effective measure to predict prostate cancer.
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Soares NDCP, Elias MDB, Lima Machado C, Trindade BB, Borojevic R, Teodoro AJ. Comparative Analysis of Lycopene Content from Different Tomato-Based Food Products on the Cellular Activity of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Foods 2019; 8:E201. [PMID: 31185698 PMCID: PMC6617171 DOI: 10.3390/foods8060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is more bioavailable in processed tomato products than in raw tomatoes, since arrangement of cis-isomers of lycopene during food processing and storage may increase its biological activity. The aim of the study is evaluate the influence of lycopene content from different tomato-based food products (extract, paste, ketchup and sauce) on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and rate of apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell lines. DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines were treated with lycopene content from different tomato-based food products (500-5000 μg/mL) for 96 h. The data showed a decrease in cell viability in both DU-145 and PC-3 cells after treatment with all lycopene extracts from tomato-based food products. Analysis of cell cycle revealed a decrease in the percentage of prostate cancer cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases after 96 h of treatment when using lycopene content from tomato paste and tomato extract. However, lycopene extracted from tomato sauce and ketchup promoted a decrease in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase and an increase in S and G2/M phases after 96 h of treatment. Lycopene content from all of those tomato-based food products also increased apoptosis in both prostate cancer cell lines. In this regard, lycopene has proved to be a potent inhibitor of cell viability, arrest cell cycle and increase the apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells, suggesting an effect in the balance of human prostate cancer cell lines growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia da Costa Pereira Soares
- Food Science Department, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 149-Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Monique de Barros Elias
- Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Laboratory of Functional Foods, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | - Clara Lima Machado
- Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Laboratory of Functional Foods, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Boquimpani Trindade
- Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Laboratory of Functional Foods, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
| | - Radovan Borojevic
- Regenerative Medicine Centre, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópólis (FASE), Avenida Barão do Rio Branco 1003-Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25680-120, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Junger Teodoro
- Nutritional Biochemistry Core, Laboratory of Functional Foods, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Avenida Pasteur 296-Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, Brazil.
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Urquiza-Salvat N, Pascual-Geler M, Lopez-Guarnido O, Rodrigo L, Martinez-Burgos A, Cozar JM, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Álvarez-Cubero MJ, Rivas A. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of prostate cancer. Aging Male 2019. [PMID: 29542389 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1450854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe, countries following the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MeDi), particularly Southern European countries, have lower prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality compared to other European regions. In the present study, we investigated the association between the MeDi and the relative risk of PCa and tumor aggressiveness in a Spanish population. Among individual score components, it has been found that subjects with PCa were less likely to consume olive oil as the main culinary fat, vegetables, fruits and fish than those without. However, these differences were not statistically significative. A high intake of fruit, vegetables and cooked tomato sauce Mediterranean style (sofrito) was related to less PCa aggressiveness. Results showed that there are no differences in the score of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary patterns between cases and controls, with mean values of 8.37 ± 1.80 and 8.25 ± 2.48, respectively. However, MeDi was associated with lower PCa agressiveness according to Gleason score. Hence, relations between Mediterranean dietary patterns and PCa are still inconclusive and merit further investigations. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of MeDi on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Urquiza-Salvat
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Olga Lopez-Guarnido
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Alba Martinez-Burgos
- c Department of Physiology , Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- b Service of Urology , University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Maria Jesus Álvarez-Cubero
- e Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- f Nutrition and Food Science Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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Milliron BJ, Bruneau M, Obeid E, Gross L, Bealin L, Smaltz C, Giri VN. Diet assessment among men undergoing genetic counseling and genetic testing for inherited prostate cancer: Exploring a teachable moment to support diet intervention. Prostate 2019; 79:778-783. [PMID: 30905089 PMCID: PMC8283914 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT) for prostate cancer (PCA) is a rapidly growing, affording opportunity for healthy lifestyle promotion in men aligned with cancer survivorship and cancer prevention goals. We conducted a targeted dietary analysis of men undergoing GC/GT for PCA for adherence to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Pattern recommendations which align with preventing cancer and recurrences in the Genetic Evaluation of Men (GEM) study at two academic centers to inform future strategies for diet intervention. METHODS Participants of GEM with PCA or at-risk for PCA completed a structured food frequency questionnaire indicating number of servings consumed per day or per week of fruits, vegetables, red meat, seafood, processed meat, and foods high in saturated fat. Adherence to the USDA recommendations was assessed for the total sample and by PCA status and aggressiveness, family history, and body mass index (BMI) through χ 2 contingency analyses. One-sample t tests were used to compare the dietary behaviors of men to USDA Recommendations. Levels of α were set a priori at P < 0.05. RESULTS Of 239 males undergoing GC on the study, surveys were completed by 197 men (82.4%), and complete survey data was available on 113 men (47.3%). By the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention BMI classification, 82.3% of the cohort was overweight (45.1%) or obese (37.2%). GEM participants reported consuming less fruits (P = 0.015), less vegetables ( P < 0.001), less seafood ( P < 0.001), more processed meats ( P < 0.001), and more foods high in saturated fats ( P < 0.001) than recommended. CONCLUSION A high proportion of men receiving GC/GT for PCA were overweight and/or obese with lack of adherence to national diet recommendations for cancer risk and recurrence, affording a teachable moment and supporting the systematic focus of introducing nutrition intervention during GC to promote survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy-Joe Milliron
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Bruneau
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elias Obeid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Temple-Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Gross
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Departments of Medical Oncology, Cancer Biology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Bealin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Temple-Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christa Smaltz
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Veda N. Giri
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Departments of Medical Oncology, Cancer Biology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Vidal AC, Oyekunle T, Howard LE, Shivappa N, De Hoedt A, Figueiredo JC, Taioli E, Fowke JH, Lin PH, Hebert JR, Freedland SJ. Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control study among Black and White US Veteran men. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:580-587. [PMID: 30980026 PMCID: PMC6790143 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized a pro-inflammatory diet would be associated with higher prostate cancer (PC) risk. METHODS: We prospectively recruited incident PC cases (n=254) and controls (n=328) at the Durham Veteran Affairs, from 2007–2018. From a self-completed 61-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, we calculated dietary inflammatory index (DII®) scores with and without supplements. We examined the association between DII scores with and without supplements and overall PC risk using logistic regression and risk of low-grade PC (grade group 1) and high-grade PC (grade group 2–5) with multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Cases were more likely to be Black (58% vs. 42%), had higher PSA (6.4 vs. 0.8 ng/ml), lower BMI (29.1 vs. 30.6 kg/m2) and were older (64 vs. 62 years) versus controls (all p<0.01). Both black controls and cases had higher DII scores with and without supplements, though the DII scores with supplements in controls was not significant. On multivariable analysis, there were no associations between DII with or without supplements and overall PC risk (p-trend=0.14, p-trend=0.09, respectively) or low-grade PC (p-trend=0.72, p-trend=0.47, respectively). Higher DII scores with (p-trend=0.04) and without supplements (p =0.08) were associated with high-grade PC, though the association for DII without supplements was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: A pro-inflammatory diet was more common among Black men and associated with high-grade PC in our case-control study. The degree to which a pro-inflammatory diet contributes to PC race disparities warrants further study. If confirmed, studies should test whether a low inflammatory diet can prevent high-grade PC, particularly among Black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Vidal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Taofik Oyekunle
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Surgery Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren E Howard
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,Surgery Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pao-Hwa Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Surgery Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Diet quality and Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:466-471. [PMID: 30679782 PMCID: PMC6462004 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High diet quality may support a metabolic and anti-inflammatory state less conducive to tumour progression. We prospectively investigated diet quality in relation to Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, a clinical management strategy of disease monitoring and delayed intervention. Methods Men with newly diagnosed Gleason score 6 or 7 prostate cancer enroled on a biennial monitoring regimen. Patients completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline (n = 411) and first 6-month follow-up (n = 263). Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to evaluate multivariable-adjusted associations of diet quality [defined via the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015] with Gleason grade progression. Results After a median follow-up of 36 months, 76 men progressed. Following adjustment for clinicopathologic factors, we observed a suggestive inverse association between baseline diet quality and Gleason grade progression [hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. the lowest HEI-2015 tertile: 0.59 (0.32–1.08); Ptrend = 0.06]. We observed no associations with diet quality at 6-month follow-up, nor change in diet quality from baseline. Conclusions In localised prostate cancer patients on surveillance, higher diet quality or conformance with United States dietary guidelines at enrolment may lower risk of Gleason grade progression, though additional confirmatory research is needed.
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Morgan CP, Chan JC, Bale TL. Driving the Next Generation: Paternal Lifetime Experiences Transmitted via Extracellular Vesicles and Their Small RNA Cargo. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:164-171. [PMID: 30580777 PMCID: PMC6309802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies provide strong evidence for the impact of diverse paternal life experiences on offspring neurodevelopmental disease risk. While these associations are well established, the molecular mechanisms underlying these intergenerational transmissions remain elusive, though recent studies focusing on the influence of paternal experience before conception have implicated germ cell epigenetic programming. Any model accounting for the germline transfer of nongenetic information from sire to offspring must include certain components, such as 1) a vector to carry any signal from the paternal compartment to the maternal reproductive tract and future embryo; 2) a molecular signal, encoded by a paternal experience, to carry this memory and enact downstream responses; and 3) a target cell or tissue to receive the signal and convert it into an effect on embryonic development. We explore the current understanding of the potential processes and candidate factors that may serve as these components. We specifically discuss the growing appreciation for the importance of extracellular vesicles in these processes, beginning with their known role in delivering potential signals, including small RNAs, to sperm, the prototypical vector, during their posttesticular maturation. Finally, we explore the possibility that paternal extracellular vesicles could themselves serve as vectors, delivering signals not only to gametes or the zygote but also to tissues of the maternal reproductive tract to influence fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer C Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Gevariya N, Besançon M, Robitaille K, Picard V, Diabaté L, Alesawi A, Julien P, Fradet Y, Bergeron A, Fradet V. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease prostate cancer progression associated with an anti-tumor immune response in eugonadal and castrated mice. Prostate 2019; 79:9-20. [PMID: 30073695 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest effects of dietary fat on prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Targeting omega (ω)-3:ω6 fatty acids (FA) ratio could be beneficial against PCa by favorably modulating inflammation. Here, we studied the effects of ω3- and ω6-enriched diets on prostate tumor growth and inflammatory response in androgen-deprived and non-deprived conditions. METHODS Immune-competent eugonadal and castrated C57BL/6 mice were injected with TRAMP-C2 prostate tumor cells and daily fed with ω3- or ω6-enriched diet. FA and cytokine profiles were measured in blood and tumors using gas chromatography and multiplex immunoassay, respectively. Immune cell infiltration in tumors was profiled by multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS ω3-enriched diet decreased prostate TRAMP-C2 tumor growth in immune-competent eugonadal and castrated mice. Cytokines associated with Th1 immune response (IL-12 [p70], IFN-γ, GM-CSF) and eosinophil recruitment (eotaxin-1, IL-5, and IL-13) were significantly elevated in tumors of ω3-fed mice. Using in vitro experiments, we confirmed ω3 FA-induced eotaxin-1 secretion by tumor cells and that eotaxin-1 secretion was regulated by androgens. Analysis of immune cell infiltrating tumors showed no major difference of immune cells' abundance between ω3- and ω6-enriched diets. CONCLUSIONS ω3-enriched diet reduces prostate tumor growth independently of androgen levels. ω3 FA can inhibit tumor cell growth and induce a local anti-tumor inflammatory response. These findings warrant further examination of dietary ω3's potential to slow down the progression of androgen-sensitive and castrate-resistant PCa by modulating immune cell function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjorie Besançon
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Picard
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lamoussa Diabaté
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anwar Alesawi
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval-CHUL, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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Kumar A, D'silva M, Dholakia K, Levenson AS. In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Table Grape Powder Extract (GPE) in Prostate Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1804. [PMID: 30463302 PMCID: PMC6265725 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the link between diet and cancer is complex, epidemiological data confirm that diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer and indicate a reduced prostate cancer incidence associated with a diet rich in vegetables and fruits. Because of the known protective effect of grape seed extract (GSE) against prostate cancer, we evaluated the effects of grape powder extract (GPE) on cell viability, proliferation, and metastatic capability. Importantly, we explored the possible novel mechanism of GPE through metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) downregulation in prostate cancer, since our previous studies indicated resveratrol (Res)- and pterostilbene (Pter)-induced MTA1-mediated anticancer activities in prostate cancer. We found that GPE inhibited the cell viability and growth of prostate cancer cells only at high 100 μg/mL concentrations. However, at low 1.5⁻15 μg/mL concentrations, GPE significantly reduced the colony formation and wound healing capabilities of both DU145 and PC3M cells. Moreover, we found that GPE inhibited MTA1 in a dose-dependent manner in these cells, albeit with considerably less potency than Res and Pter. These results indicate that stilbenes such as Res and Pter specifically and potently inhibit MTA1 and MTA1-associated proteins compared to GPE, which contains low concentrations of Res and mainly consists of other flavonoids and anthocyanidins. Our findings support continued interest in GPE as a chemopreventive and anti-cancer agent against prostate cancer but also emphasize the unique and specific properties of stilbenes on MTA1-mediated anticancer effects on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Melinee D'silva
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Kshiti Dholakia
- Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Anait S Levenson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
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Schneider L, Su LJ, Arab L, Bensen JT, Farnan L, Fontham ETH, Song L, Hussey J, Merchant AT, Mohler JL, Steck SE. Dietary patterns based on the Mediterranean diet and DASH diet are inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer in PCaP. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 29:16-22.e1. [PMID: 30268488 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several foods and nutrients have been linked to the development of prostate cancer, but the association between healthy dietary patterns and prostate cancer aggressiveness is less studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores and prostate cancer aggressiveness by race. METHODS Data from the population-based, case-only North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP) were used to examine the association between diet quality, measured by MED and DASH scores, and prostate cancer aggressiveness in 1899 African American (AA) and European American (EA) research subjects. Dietary intake was assessed using a modified National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for high versus low-intermediate aggressive prostate cancer. RESULTS Higher MED scores were inversely associated with high aggressive prostate cancer overall (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.95 for high versus low scores); results were similar for AA and EA men. A weaker inverse association between DASH scores and prostate cancer aggressiveness was found (OR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.06). CONCLUSIONS Higher diet quality, as represented by a Mediterranean-style diet or DASH diet, may reduce the odds of high aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schneider
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - L Joseph Su
- Winthrop P Rockefeller Cancer Institute and College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeannette T Bensen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Laura Farnan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elizabeth T H Fontham
- School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Lixin Song
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James Hussey
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY; Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
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Shivappa N, Niclis C, Coquet JB, Román MD, Hébert JR, Diaz MDP. Increased inflammatory potential of diet is associated with increased odds of prostate cancer in Argentinian men. Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:803-813. [PMID: 30019102 PMCID: PMC6108929 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Various aspects of diet, including specific food items and nutrients, have been shown to modulate inflammation and have been implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer (PrCA). No study examining the role of diet-associated inflammation in PrCA has been conducted in Latin America. METHOD We examined the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and PrCA in a population-based case-control study in Córdoba, Argentina. A total of 153 incident cases of PrCA and 309 controls frequency matched on sex, age (± 5 years), and place of residence were recruited from 2008 to 2015. The DII was developed to determine the inflammatory potential of individuals' diets and was computed from a validated food frequency questionnaire using nutrient data from diet only. Multi-level logistic regression models were fit to evaluate the association between DII scores and PrCA, adjusting for age, body mass index, energy intake, and occupational exposure as first-level covariates and family history of prostate cancer as the second-level variable. Odds ratios were estimated in all subject and stratified by BMI (< 30 vs. ≥ 30 kg/m2). RESULTS Men in the most pro-inflammatory group (tertile 3) had 50% higher odds of having PrCA compared to men in the most anti-inflammatory group (tertile 1) (ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.50; 95% CI 1.24-1.80). The odds of prostate cancer were higher in obese men (n = 109, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 1.81; 95% CI 1.45-2.27), while no association was found among non-obese men (n = 375, ORtertile3 vs. tertile1 0.93; 95% CI 0.25-3.51). CONCLUSIONS A pro-inflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, was positively associated with PrCA occurrence. Based on these results and those from other studies, steps should be taken to promote a diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods, in order to reduce risk of PrCA and other chronic diseases. Future studies should explore this association in a prospective setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
| | - Camila Niclis
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julia Becaria Coquet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María D Román
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - James R Hébert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - María Del Pilar Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Haya de la Torre Esq. Enfermera Gordillo, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enrique Barros s/n, 5016, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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Yang B, Liao GQ, Wen XF, Chen WH, Cheng S, Stolzenburg JU, Ganzer R, Neuhaus J. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a new approach for improvement of early diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:921-933. [PMID: 29119730 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in men. Early detection and risk stratification is the most effective way to improve the survival of PCa patients. Current PCa biomarkers lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cancer. Metabolite biomarkers are evolving as a new diagnostic tool. This review is aimed to evaluate the potential of metabolite biomarkers for early detection, risk assessment, and monitoring of PCa. Of the 154 identified publications, 27 and 38 were original papers on urine and serum metabolomics, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a promising method for measuring concentrations of metabolites in complex samples with good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and simple sample processing. Especially urine-based NMR metabolomics has the potential to be a cost-efficient method for the early detection of PCa, risk stratification, and monitoring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Liao
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jens-Uwe Stolzenburg
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roman Ganzer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.,Division of Urology, Research Laboratory, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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