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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li Y, Li W, Jin Y, Li Z, Zhou J, Tong D. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus and Brucella spp. and risk factors for Chlamydia abortus in pigs from China. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107050. [PMID: 37875168 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiosis and brucellosis induced abortions have resulted in significant economic losses in the global livestock industry. Although there have been numerous reports on these two diseases in ruminants in China, limited information is available regarding the prevalence of Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) and Brucella spp. infection in pigs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of C. abortus and Brucella spp. infections in pig serum using serology and to identify potential risk factors. In total, 2816 serum samples were collected from 12 provinces in China. The presence of C. abortus antibodies was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the presence of Brucella spp. antibodies was examined using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Standard Agglutination Test (SAT). The seroprevalences of C. abortus and Brucella spp. were 8.38 % (236/2816) and 0.11 % (3/2816), respectively. Geographical location, season, and age were found to be risk factors associated with C. abortus infection in pig herds in China (p<0.01), and the seropositive rate for C. abortus in sow herds was strongly associated with the occurrence of abortion (p<0.01). Overall, in China, pigs exhibit a higher seroprevalence of C. abortus, whereas the prevalence of Brucella is limited. This study represents the first comprehensive survey of C. abortus and Brucella spp. in pig herds in China that established potential risk factors and provided data for the prevention and control of intraspecies and interspecies transmission of C. abortus to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yunhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Youshun Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Wu XJ, Gao J, Zhang Q, Li CX, Zheng WB, Liu Q, Zhu XQ, Lei YP, Gao WW. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydia Infection in Cattle in Shanxi Province, North China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020252. [PMID: 36670792 PMCID: PMC9854887 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The information on Chlamydia infection in cattle is limited in Shanxi Province, north China. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia and Chlamydia abortus infection in cattle in Shanxi Province. In November 2020, a large-scale investigation of Chlamydia seroprevalence was conducted on 981 cattle serum samples collected from 40 cattle farms in 11 cities of Shanxi Province. The seroprevalence of Chlamydia and C. abortus was examined by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The seroprevalence of Chlamydia and C. abortus was 52.29% (513/981) and 2.96% (29/981), respectively, in cattle in Shanxi Province. Location was identified as a risk factor for Chlamydia and C. abortus infection (p < 0.05). Under different management patterns, the seroprevalence of Chlamydia and C. abortus in large-scale animal farming companies was higher than that in household animal farms and animal farming cooperatives, and only the seroprevalence of Chlamydia was significantly different in different management patterns (p < 0.01). The results showed that there was higher seroprevalence of Chlamydia in cattle in Shanxi Province, while C. abortus was not the dominant species. This study provided baseline information on Chlamydia infection in cattle in Shanxi Province, which constitutes valuable data for monitoring livestock health and preventing potential zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Chen-Xu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lei
- Veterinary Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan 030008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.L.); (W.-W.G.)
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-P.L.); (W.-W.G.)
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Turin L, Surini S, Wheelhouse N, Rocchi MS. Recent advances and public health implications for environmental exposure to Chlamydia abortus: from enzootic to zoonotic disease. Vet Res 2022; 53:37. [PMID: 35642008 PMCID: PMC9152823 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental transmission of Chlamydia abortus as a result of enzootic disease or disease outbreaks and the threats posed by this pathogen has been previously reported, however a state-of-the-science review of these reports and the identification of future research priorities in this area is still lacking. This study provides an overview of the current knowledge of host–pathogen–environment interactions, addressing public health risks and identifying critical questions and research gaps. We performed a systematic PubMed and Web of Science search for publications related to Chlamydia abortus in the past four decades, and we reviewed and combined the evidence critically discussing and commenting the results. A total of 182 studies, 5 chapters of specific books and the “OIE terrestrial manual” were included in this review. There were substantial variations between the studies in topic addressed and experimental design. Overall, the literature largely supports the crucial role played by environmental exposure on the acquisition of zoonotic disease caused by Chlamydia abortus. We also identify the paucity of information related to interspecies transmission and pathogen adaptation in relation to environmental dissemination and zoonotic risk. This analysis further highlights the need for additional research given that environmental transmission represents a serious risk not only to susceptible patients (pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals), but also for other species including wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Surini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nick Wheelhouse
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Court, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Mara Silvia Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Bush Loan, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
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Wang Q, Tian T, Yao NQ, Chen ZY, Yang Y, Sun YH, Shi JF, Li JM, Shi K, Du R. A Meta-Analysis of Bovine Chlamydia Prevalence in Cattle in China from 1989 to 2020. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:76-92. [PMID: 35175138 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia bovis is a widespread infection disease caused by the mixed infection of Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia abortus, and Chlamydia suis in cattle. Although many studies have investigated Chlamydia infection in cattle, there is no nationwide study on the prevalence of Chlamydia infection in cattle of China. We constructed the first meta-analysis to assess the infection rate and infection risk factors of Chlamydia in cattle in China, and we searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese journal database for studies reporting Chlamydia infection in cattle from April 29, 2020. We collected a total of 563 publications from 1989 to 2019, and finally, 78 studies were eligible, which included 152,364 cattle from 27 provinces across the country. We estimated the pooled prevalence of Chlamydia in cattle was 14.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.2 to 16.4). The prevalence of bovine Chlamydia in China collected before 2000 (14.8%, 95% CI: 5.6 to 27.3) showed the highest prevalence rate. The highest prevalence was found in Central China (22.6%, 95% CI: 12.8 to 34.2). The prevalence of Chlamydia spp. between abortion cattle (39.1%, 95% CI: 24.6 to 54.6) and healthy cattle (8.3%, 95% CI: 3.1 to 15.2) showed significant variation (p < 0.05). In detection methods subgroup, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (30.5%, 95% CI: 21.5 to 40.3) showed the highest prevalence. In the age subgroup, the prevalence rate of age >1 year (16.6%, 95% CI: 12.6 to 20.9) was higher compared with age ≤1 year (9.8%, 95% CI: 6.7 to 13.3). Yaks (17.8%, 95% CI: 13.3 to 22.8) showed the highest Chlamydia prevalence among the varieties of bovine. We also estimated the potential risk factors such as feeding model, sample classification, sampling seasons, bovine gender, parity, and quality level of included studies. Our findings suggested that Chlamydia was prevalent in cattle in China. So we should pay attention to bovine Chlamydia and take necessary measures to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Quan Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Han Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China.,College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Product Development of Sika Deer, Changchun, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China
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Liang L, Wen Y, Li Z, Liu P, Liu X, Tan S, Liu D, Zhou J, Tong D. Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in yak (Bos grunniens) in Tibet, China. Ir Vet J 2021; 74:19. [PMID: 34193296 PMCID: PMC8246664 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-021-00199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia spp. are prevalent zoonotic pathogens that infect a wide variety of host species. Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) infection in yaks has been reported in Gansu and Qinghai province, China. However, no data about C. abortus infection are available in yaks in Tibet, China. A total of 938 serum samples was collected from yaks in Tibet, China and specific antibodies against C. abortus were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of C. abortus in yaks was 104/938 (11.1 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 9.1–13.1). The prevalence in female and male yaks was 59/556 (10.6 %, 95 % CI 8.0-13.2) and 45/382 (11.8 %, 95 % CI 8.5–15.0), respectively with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The seroprevalence of antibodies to C. abortus in yaks ranged from 8.0 to 18.2 % among the six different areas, and the difference was also without statistical significance (p > 0.05). The prevalence among different age groups ranged from 7.0 to 15.9 %, with a higher prevalence among 1 to 2 years age category. The results demonstrate the presence of C. abortus infection in yaks in Tibet and may pose a risk for the general yak populations in addition to its potential impact on public health and the local Tibetan economy. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence survey of C. abortus in yaks in Tibet, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 730046, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, China.
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Fayez M, Elmoslemany A, Alorabi M, Alkafafy M, Qasim I, Al-Marri T, Elsohaby I. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Chlamydia abortus Infection in Sheep and Goats in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040489. [PMID: 33920727 PMCID: PMC8072607 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) is intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that cause enzootic abortion in sheep and goats. Information on C. abortus seroprevalence and flock management risk factors associated with C. abortus seropositivity in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia are scarce. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the animal, flock, and within-flock seroprevalence of C. abortus among Eastern Province sheep and goat flocks and (ii) identify the flock management and animal risk factors associated with C. abortus seropositivity in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study with a two-stage sampling process was carried out in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between 2015 and 2016. A total of 1717 sheep and 1101 goat serum samples were collected from 21 sheep and 14 goat flocks, then were tested for C. abortus antibodies using a commercial ELISA Kit. In addition, vaginal swabs and aborted tissue samples were collected from sheep (n = 48) and goats (n = 15) with recent history of abortion for detection of C. abortuspmp gene using PCR. A questionnaire was constructed to collect information about flock management and animal risk factors possibly associated with C. abortus infection in sheep and goats. The true sheep and goat-level seroprevalences were 11.1% (95% CI: 9.7–12.7) and 10.6% (95% CI: 8.8–12.5), respectively. The true flock-level seroprevalence was 100% for both sheep and goats. However, the average within sheep and goat flocks true seroprevalences were 9.6% (95% CI: 1.8–22.9) and 9.3% (95% CI: 1.8–19.5), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that introduction of new sheep to the flocks (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.4), type of breeding system (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0–3.4), flocks allowing females in (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1–3.3) or females out (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1–4.3), and sheep age 1.4–2.8 years (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3–2.9) were potential risk factors for C. abortus seropositivity in sheep flocks. However, in goat flocks, the introduction of new goats to the flocks (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.0) was identified as a risk factor, whereas good farm hygiene (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) was identified as a protective factor. C. abortus pmp gene was identified in 45 (93.8%) and 15 (100%) of samples collected from sheep and goats, respectively. These results could be used to implement efficient management measures to prevent and control C. abortus infection in sheep and goats in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, but also could be used to reduce the risk of C. abortus infection in sheep and goat flocks with similar management practices in other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fayez
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (T.A.-M.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 131, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmoslemany
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Qasim
- Department of Animal Resources, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh 12629, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Theeb Al-Marri
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.); (T.A.-M.)
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Egypt
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-902-566-6063
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Esmaeili H, Bolourchi M, Mokhber-Dezfouli MR, khaltabadi farahani R, Teimourpour A. Detection of Chlamydia abortus and risk factors for infection in small ruminants in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wu JY, Li JJ, Wang DF, Wei YR, Meng XX, Tuerxun G, Bolati H, Liu KK, Muhan M, Shahan A, Dilixiati D, Yang XY. Seroprevalence of Five Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:882-887. [PMID: 32936059 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild ruminants are at risk for zoonotic pathogen infection as a result of interactions with domestic animals and humans. One way to assess the level of a wild ruminant disease in a population is to determine the seroprevalence of the pathogen of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of five zoonotic pathogens in wild ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China. In 2009 and 2011-2015, 258 wild ruminant sera samples were collected from various species. Samples were obtained from 30 Siberian ibexes, 94 goitered gazelles, 6 Tibetan antelopes, 32 argali sheep, 16 roe deer, 20 blue sheep, 56 red deer, and 4 wild yaks, in 10 regions of Xinjiang. Samples were tested using antibodies against Brucella spp., Chlamydophila abortus, Coxiella burnetii, Toxoplasma gondii, and West Nile virus. Seropositivity was detected for all five pathogens, with detection rates of Brucella spp., C. abortus, C. burnetii, T. gondii, and West Nile virus of 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-4.2%), 6.2% (95% CI, 3.3-9.1%), 7.8% (95% CI, 4.5-11.0%), 2.3% (95% CI, 0.5-4.2%), and 0.8% (95% CI, 0-1.8%), respectively. The level of pathogens differed for different species and different regions. The results indicate that seropositivity to zoonotic pathogens is common among wild ruminants in Xinjiang, Northwest China, with C. burnetii and C. abortus detected at the highest levels. This study provides a baseline for future assessment of spillover events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yong Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Deng-Feng Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu-Rong Wei
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Meng
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Gunuer Tuerxun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongduzi Bolati
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Kang-Kang Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Masha Muhan
- Wildlife Focus Disease Monitoring Station of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | | | | | - Xue-Yun Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Álvarez D, Caro MR, Buendía AJ, Schnee C, Ortega N, Murcia-Belmonte A, Salinas J. Effect of female sex hormones on the developmental cycle of Chlamydia abortus compared to a penicillin-induced model of persistent infection. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:259. [PMID: 31340824 PMCID: PMC6657046 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia abortus, an obligate intracellular pathogen with an affinity for placenta, causes reproductive failure. In non-pregnant animals, an initial latent infection is established until the next gestation, when the microorganism is reactivated, causing abortion. The precise mechanisms that trigger the awakening of C. abortus are still unknown. Sexual hormones such as estradiol and progesterone have been shown to affect the outcome of infection in other species of the family Chlamydiaceae, while estrogens increase chlamydial infection, progesterone has the opposite effect. To try to establish whether there is a relationship between these events and the latency/ reactivation of C. abortus in the reproductive tract of small ruminants, ovine endometrial (LE) and trophoblastic (AH-1) cells were treated with estradiol or progesterone prior to their infection with C. abortus. The results are compared with those obtained for treatment with penicillin prior to infection, which is a well-established model for studying persistent infection in other chlamydial species. Cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy, and an mRNA expression analysis of 16 genes related to the chlamydial developmental cycle was made. RESULTS The changes observed in this study by the action of sex hormones seem to depend on the type of cell where the infection develops. In addition, while the changes are morphologically similar to those induced by treatment with penicillin, the patterns of gene expression are different. Gene expression patterns therefore, seem to depend on the persistence induced models of C. abortus used. Hormone treatments induced aberrant forms in infected endometrial cells but did not affect the chlamydial morphology in trophoblast cells. At the genetic level, hormones did not induce significant changes in the expression of the studied genes. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that penicillin induces a state of persistence in in vitro cultured C. abortus with characteristic morphological features and gene transcriptional patterns. However, the influence of hormones on the C. abortus developmental cycle is mediated by changes in the host cell environment. Furthermore, a persistent state in C. abortus cannot be characterised by a single profile of gene expression pattern, but may change depending on the model used to induce persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Álvarez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M R Caro
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - A J Buendía
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Schnee
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - N Ortega
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Murcia-Belmonte
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Salinas
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Zhou J, Li Z, Lou Z, Fei Y. Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Vaccination Situation of Animal Chlamydiosis in China. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:88. [PMID: 29904637 PMCID: PMC5990863 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first case of Chlamydia infection in duck had been reported in 1956 and the first case from domestic animal had been reported in 1979 in China, the chlamydia prevalence in China was heavily according to the published data. The Chlamydia in avian prevalence has been reported at least 11 provinces, Chlamydia in sheep and goats at least 11 provinces, in swine at least 15 provinces, in cows at least 13 provinces and in yaks at least 5 provinces with result of IHA detection. Different diagnostic method such as CFT, ELISA and ABC-ELISA (avidin-biotin-complex ELISA) had been established besides IHA. The inactivated vaccines have been developed with isolated strains from sheep, goats, swine and cows. These inactivated vaccines have been used since 1980s and Chlamydia prevalence in China has been successfully controlled in domestic animal. However, the inactivated vaccines of Chlamydia isolated from avian species have not been successful, although a series of experimental vaccine have been done. Due to the unsustainable eradication plan of Chlamydia in China, sporadic outbreak in animal would happen if the vaccinations were suspended and economy lose in some farmers. Although Chlamydia prevalence in China has a long history, however, almost all published studies are in Chinese, which, in some degree, blocked scientists in other countries to understand the prevalence situation and control measures of Chlamydia in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaocai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhongzi Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Hu SF, Li F, Zheng WB, Liu GH. Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Chlamydia abortus Infection in Goats in Hunan Province, Subtropical China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:500-503. [PMID: 29360009 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia abortus is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, which can infect animals and human, including goats. However, little information on C. abortus infection is available in goats in Hunan province, subtropical China. To investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of C. abortus infection in goats in Hunan province, China, a total of 911 goat blood samples were collected randomly from 14 herds having number of goats ranging from 1000 to 3000 from March 2014 to December 2015. Seropositive animals were found in 11 out of 14 (78.57%) goat herds with seroprevalence ranging from 0.00% to 29.94% in individual herds. Overall, the seroprevalence of C. abortus infection was different among regions (southern Hunan: 1.78%; northeast Hunan: 5.47%; and west Hunan: 15.29%), gender (male: 4.58% and female: 9.10%), seasons (spring: 5.97%; summer: 2.61%; autumn: 16.88%; and winter: 10.94%), and ages (year ≤1: 2.39%; 1 < year ≤2: 9.58%; 2 < year ≤3: 9.16%; and year >3: 17.57%). Risk factors for C. abortus infection were associated with region, season, and age in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first document to demonstrate the existence of C. abortus infection in goats, and the seroprevalence was 8.45% out of 911 goats in Hunan province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Feng Hu
- 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China .,2 Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China .,2 Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- 1 Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China .,2 Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety , Changsha, Hunan Province, The People's Republic of China
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Burnard D, Polkinghorne A. Chlamydial infections in wildlife-conservation threats and/or reservoirs of 'spill-over' infections? Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:78-84. [PMID: 27939160 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the order Chlamydiales are biphasic intracellular pathogens known to cause disease in both humans and animals. As we learn more about the genetic diversity of this group of pathogens, evidence is growing that these bacteria infect a broader range of animal hosts than previously thought. Over 400 host species are now documented globally with the majority of these being wild animals. Given the impact of chlamydial infections on humans and domesticated animals, the identification of members of the order Chlamydiales in wildlife raises significant questions over a) their impact on animal health and b) the relationships to those strains also found in humans and domestic animals. In some species such as the iconic marsupial, the koala, the conservation impact is known with chlamydial infections associated with debilitating disease, however, in general, little is known about the pathogenic potential of Chlamydiae infecting most wildlife hosts. Accumulating evidence suggests contact with wild animals is a risk factor for infections in domestic animals and/or humans. Beyond the well-recognised zoonotic pathogen, Chlamydia psittaci, a range of studies have now reported traditional pathogens in the family Chlamydiaceae such as Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydia suis, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia abortus in wild animals. The spectre of cross-host transmission 'spill-over' and 'spill-back' in the epidemiology of infections is of potential concern, however, comprehensive epidemiological studies are lacking for most of these. Accurate evaluation of the significance of chlamydial infections in wildlife is otherwise hampered by i) the cross-sectional nature of most impact studies, ii) a lack of standardised diagnostic approaches, iii) limited study sizes, and iv) biases associated with opportunistic sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney Burnard
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia.
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First molecular survey and identification of Anaplasma spp. in white yaks (Bos grunniens) in China. Parasitology 2016; 143:686-91. [PMID: 27003378 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201600041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is caused by a group of obligate intracellular bacteria in the genus Anaplasma, which are transmitted by ticks and infect humans, domestic animals and wildlife. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of Anaplasma spp. in semi-wild white yaks sampled in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, northwest China. Out of 332 samples tested, 35 (10·9%) were positive for Anaplasma spp. The positive rates were 6·2% (20/322) and 5·3% (17/322) for Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in white yaks, respectively. None of the sample was positive for Anaplasma marginale. Two (0·6%) samples were simultaneously positive to A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed two genotypes (ApG1 and ApG2) of A. phagocytophilum and two sequence types (ST1 and ST2) of A. bovis in white yaks. This study is the first to document the presence of Anaplasma in white yaks. Our findings extend the host range for Anaplasma species and provide more valuable information for the control and management of anaplasmosis in white yaks.
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Sun WW, Meng QF, Cong W, Shan XF, Wang CF, Qian AD. Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in commercial dairy and beef cattle in eastern, northern and northeastern China. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:4211-8. [PMID: 26231838 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in cattle have been reported in some areas in China, most of them were conducted with small number of cattle samples and very limited districts and neglected the assessment of herd management factors associated with herd-level prevalence of these pathogen infections. Thus, from September 2013 to December 2014, a large-scale seroprevalence study was conducted to determine the animal-level and herd-level seroprevalence and identify herd-level risk factors associated with these pathogen infections in 4487 cattle from 134 herds in five provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei) and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. At animal level, the true prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was 10.48, 17.14, 11.92 and 50.10%, respectively. At herd level, the true prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and BVDV was 27.16, 29.10, 37.31 and 40.30%, respectively. Multivariate analysis of these characteristics showed that source of water and presence of felids were significantly associated with T. gondii infection in the studied cattle herds. Source of water was significantly associated with N. caninum infection in the studied cattle herds. While herd size and management system were significantly associated with BVDV infection in the studied cattle herds, this is the first report of herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors of T. gondii, N. caninum, C. abortus and BVDV infection in cattle in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Wen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Feng Meng
- Jilin Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People's Republic of China.
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