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Sarkar S, Haider N, Islam A, Hossain MB, Hossain K, Mafij Uddin MK, Rahman A, Ahmed SSU, Banu S, Rahim Z, Heffelfinger JD, Zeidner N. Occurrence of tuberculosis among people exposed to cattle in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2023. [PMID: 37327465 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) has been an important public health concern in Bangladesh. The most common cause of human TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, while bovine TB is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of TB in individuals with occupational exposure to cattle and to detect Mycobacterium bovis among cattle in slaughterhouses in Bangladesh. METHODS Between August and September 2015, an observational study was conducted in two government chest disease hospitals, one cattle market, and two slaughterhouses. Sputum samples were collected from individuals who met the criteria for suspected TB and had been exposed to cattle. Tissue samples were collected from cattle that had low body condition score(s). Both humans and cattle samples were screened for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining and cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Region of difference (RD) 9-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also performed to identify Mycobacterium spp. We also conducted Spoligotyping to identify the specific strain of Mycobacterium spp. RESULTS Sputum was collected from a total of 412 humans. The median age of human participants was 35 (IQR: 25-50) years. Twenty-five (6%) human sputum specimens were positive for AFB, and 44 (11%) were positive for MTC by subsequent culture. All (N = 44) culture-positive isolates were confirmed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis by RD9 PCR. Besides, 10% of cattle workers were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the cattle market. Of all TB (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) infected individuals, 6.8% of individuals were resistant to one or two anti-TB drugs. The majority of the sampled cattle (67%) were indigenous breeds. No Mycobacterium bovis was detected in cattle. CONCLUSIONS We did not detect any TB cases caused by Mycobacterium bovis in humans during the study. However, we detected TB cases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in all humans, including cattle market workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Sarkar
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Najmul Haider
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Ariful Islam
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Belal Hossain
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kamal Hossain
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arfatur Rahman
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sayera Banu
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zeaur Rahim
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - James D Heffelfinger
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nord Zeidner
- Programme on Emerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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Kapalamula TF, Kawonga F, Shawa M, Chizimu J, Thapa J, Nyenje ME, Mkakosya RS, Hayashida K, Gordon S, Nakajima C, Munyeme M, Hang'ombe BM, Suzuki Y. Prevalence and risk factors of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle, Malawi. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13647. [PMID: 36865451 PMCID: PMC9970890 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease with significant socioeconomic, animal, and public health impacts. However, the prevalence of bTB remains largely unclear in Malawi due to a paucity of information. Additionally, the existence of multiple risk factors is postulated to enhance bTB transmission in animals. A cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of bTB, animal characteristics and identify associated risk factors was conducted from slaughtered cattle at three major regional abattoirs (southern, central and northern regions) in Malawi. Out of a total of 1547 cattle examined, 154 (9.95%) had bTB-like lesions in various visceral organs and lymph nodes; one sample per animal was collected, processed, and cultured in the in the BACTEC Mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system. From the 154 cattle that showed tuberculous like lesions, only 112 were positive on MGIT and 87 were confirmed to have M. bovis based on multiplex PCR. Cattle from the southern region (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.03-3.85) and central region (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.16-3.56) were more likely presented with bTB-like lesions at slaughter than from the northern region. The risk of having bTB-like lesions was higher in females (OR = 1.51, CI: 1.00-2.29), older cattle (OR = 2.17, CI: 1.34-3.37), and crossbreeds (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.12-2.47) than in males, younger animals, and Malawi Zebu breed, respectively. The high prevalence of bTB is of critical concern and necessitates active surveillance and strengthening of the current control strategies under a One Health (OH) approach at the animal-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Francis Kawonga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Misheck Shawa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph Chizimu
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mirriam Ethel Nyenje
- Community Health Sciences Unit, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Division of Collaboration and Education, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Stephen Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan,Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan,Corresponding author. Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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3
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Ntivuguruzwa JB, Michel AL, Kolo FB, Mwikarago IE, Ngabonziza JCS, van Heerden H. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and characterization of the members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from slaughtered cattle in Rwanda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009964. [PMID: 35921351 PMCID: PMC9377585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an endemic disease in Rwanda, but little is known about its prevalence and causative mycobacterial species. The disease causes tremendous losses in livestock and wildlife and remains a significant threat to public health. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study employing a systematic random sampling of cattle (n = 300) with the collection of retropharyngeal lymph nodes and tonsils (n = 300) irrespective of granulomatous lesions was carried out in six abattoirs to investigate the prevalence and identify mycobacterial species using culture, acid-fast bacteria staining, polymerase chain reaction, and GeneXpert assay. Individual risk factors and the origin of samples were analysed for association with the prevalence. Findings Of the 300 sample pools, six were collected with visible TB-like lesions. Our findings demonstrated the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in 1.7% (5/300) of sampled slaughtered cattle. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 1.3% (4/300) animals while one case was caused by a rifampicin-resistant (RR) M. tuberculosis. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria were identified in 12.0% (36/300) of the sampled cattle. There were no significant associations between the prevalence and abattoir category, age, sex, and breeds of slaughtered cattle. Conclusions This study is the first in Rwanda to isolate both M. bovis and RR M. tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle indicating that bTB is present in Rwanda with a low prevalence. The isolation of RR M. tuberculosis from cattle indicates possible zooanthroponotic transmission of M. tuberculosis and close human-cattle contact. To protect humans against occupational zoonotic diseases, it is essential to control bTB in cattle and raise the awareness among all occupational groups as well as reinforce biosafety at the farm level and in the abattoirs. Tuberculosis in cattle (bTB) causes financial losses to livestock owners and is a disease transmissible to humans especially those with an occupational risk through exposure to infected animals and animal products. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of bTB and characterize the mycobacterial species from cattle slaughtered in the six abattoirs in Rwanda. Four M. bovis, as well as one rifampicin-resistant (RR) M. tuberculosis, were identified from slaughtered cattle and, thus, the apparent bTB prevalence was 1.7% (5/300). Likely, the RR M. tuberculosis isolate was mostly likely of human origin and transmitted to cattle during close human-cattle contact. It is therefore essential to control bTB in cattle and reinforce the protection of farmworkers and abattoir workers who are always exposed to infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bosco Ntivuguruzwa
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- * E-mail:
| | - Anita L. Michel
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Francis Babaman Kolo
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ivan Emil Mwikarago
- Department of Human Medicine and Device assessment and Registration, Rwanda Food and Drug Administration, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jean Claude Semuto Ngabonziza
- National Reference Laboratory Division, Department of Biomedical Services, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Clinical Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Henriette van Heerden
- Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria; Pretoria, South Africa
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Kanyala E, Shuaib YA, Schwarz NG, Andres S, Richter E, Sawadogo B, Sawadogo M, Germaine M, Lassina O, Poppert S, Frickmann H. Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium bovis in Slaughtered Cattle Carcasses in Burkina Faso; West Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071378. [PMID: 35889097 PMCID: PMC9316762 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the slaughterhouses/slabs of Oudalan and Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, between August and September 2013. It aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) suggestive lesions in slaughtered cattle carcasses and to identify and characterize the mycobacteria isolated from these lesions. A thorough postmortem examination was conducted on carcasses of a total of 2165 randomly selected cattle. The overall prevalence of bTB suggestive lesions was 2.7% (58/2165; 95% CI 2.1–3.5%). Due to the low number of positive samples, data were descriptively presented. The lesions were either observed localized in one or a few organs or generalized (i.e., miliary bTB) in 96.6% (n = 57) and 3.4% (n = 2), respectively. The identified mycobacteria were M. bovis (44.4%, n = 20), M. fortuitum (8.9%, n = 4), M. elephantis (6.7%, n = 3), M. brumae (4.4%, n = 2), M. avium (2.2%, n = 1), M. asiaticum (2.2%, n = 1), M. terrae (2.2%, n = 1), and unknown non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) (11.1%, n = 5). Moreover, eight mixed cultures with more than one Mycobacterium species growing were also observed, of which three were M. bovis and M. fortuitum and three were M. bovis and M. elephantis. In conclusion, M. bovis is the predominant causative agent of mycobacterial infections in the study area. Our study has identified a base to broaden the epidemiological knowledge on zoonotic transmission of mycobacteria in Burkina Faso by future studies investigating further samples from humans and animals, including wild animals employing molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Kanyala
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Yassir Adam Shuaib
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 204, Khartoum North 13321, Sudan;
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Sönke Andres
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel, 23845 Borstel, Germany;
| | - Elvira Richter
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, Laboratory Limbach, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Bernard Sawadogo
- West Africa Francophone, African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), Ouagadougou 01 BP 364, Burkina Faso;
| | - Mamadou Sawadogo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Health Sciences Training and Research Unit, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou BP 7021, Burkina Faso;
| | | | - Ouattara Lassina
- Direction Générale des Services Vétérinaires (DGSv), Ouagadougou 01 BP 364, Burkina Faso;
| | - Sven Poppert
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.P.); or (H.F.)
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.P.); or (H.F.)
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An abattoir-based study on the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis from culled adult dairy cows in Wuhan, China. Prev Vet Med 2021; 196:105477. [PMID: 34482152 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abattoir surveillance is an integral component of a bovine tuberculosis (bTB) eradication programme. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bTB among culled adult dairy cows in Wuhan, China and to further assess two diagnostic procedures as an adjunct to the confirmation of M. bovis in animals with TB-like lesions. The study was conducted in an abattoir located in Wuhan, China over a period of 41 days from June to July 2019. A total of 171 culled adult dairy cows were sampled and inspected, and blood samples collected from 134 of these. The viscera and lymph nodes of the carcasses were visually inspected and palpated for TB-like lesions. A total of 28.1 % (48/171) of the carcasses had gross TB-like lesions. 89.6 % (43/48) of the animals with TB-like lesions were positive to a PCR procedure for bTB. The sensitivity and specificity for post-mortem examination for TB-like lesions using a Bayesian latent class analysis model was estimated to be 60.8 % and 86.6 %, respectively. A seroprevalence of 20.9 % (28/134) was recorded for antibody response to M. bovis antigens MPB70 and MPB83 based on an ELISA procedure. There was a low-moderate agreement between the ELISA and PCR results in the detection of bTB (Kappa = 0.46, 95 % CI: 0.24-0.67). The study confirms a high prevalence of bTB among culled adult dairy cows in the abattoir and highlights the need to implement surveillance for bTB based on post-mortem examination and ELISA and PCR methods in association with backward tracing of infected dairy herds.
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Marfil MJ, Garbaccio SG, Barandiaran S, Huertas PS, Vivot MM, Eirin ME, Zumárraga MJ. Isolation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria from Bovine Raw Lungs Bought in Butchers' Shops. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:805-811. [PMID: 34271826 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2021.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) can cause opportunistic disease in animals and humans, causing mycobacteriosis. In this study, bovine lungs were collected from butchers' shops and slaughterhouses after food official's inspection from the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. All samples were cultured and then identified by molecular methods. Twelve isolates of NTM were identified being the most prevalent Mycolicibacterium insubricum. This demonstrates that viable Mycobacteria can pass food inspection and contaminate surfaces and food, making manipulation of raw organs and feeding of animals with raw lungs a potential source of infection for pets and owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jimena Marfil
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Gabriel Garbaccio
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IPVET), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Barandiaran
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Pablo Sebastián Huertas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IPVET), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez Vivot
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Emilia Eirin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Martín José Zumárraga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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7
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Zavgorodnii AI, Pozmogova SA, Kalashnyk MV, Paliy AP, Plyuta LV, Palii AP. Etiological factors in triggering non-specific allergic reactions to tuberculin in cattle. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/022131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of allergic and bacteriological studies of cattle from a tuberculosis-free farm. The presence of cattle reacting to an allergen from atypical mycobacteria was established in three allergic simultaneous tests during 2019–2020. Based on the results obtained, the causative agent of tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria were not isolated during the bacteriological examination of a biological material from animals slaughtered for diagnostic purposes (n = 17), as well as soil (n = 5) and straw (n = 3) samples. However, microorganisms of the genera Nocardia (n = 2), Rhodococcus (n = 10), and Actinomyces (n = 5) were isolated from the biomaterial according to the results of microscopy, culture and biochemical tests. These microorganisms were also isolated from the soil and straw samples. Short-term non-specific reactions in cattle to mycobacterial allergens were due to the persistence and circulation of the aforementioned microorganisms closely related to mycobacteria. It was determined that the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus are sensitive to the 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% solutions of glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and sodium hydroxide. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the epizootic situation as to the presence of nocardioform microorganisms in the herd during routine allergic studies, as well as in case of differentiation between specific reactions and paraallergic and pseudoallergic ones. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive systematic studies of livestock and feed quality assessment. For the purpose of disinfection, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde at a concentration of 1.0% are effective in destroying microorganisms of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus with 3-hour exposure or more.
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Ramanujam H, Thiruvengadam K, Singaraj R, Palaniyandi K. Role of abattoir monitoring in determining the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:958-973. [PMID: 33891372 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the major zoonotic concerns of the world, as milk and meat from cattle are major products for human consumption. Bovine tuberculosis not only affects the health of cattle and poses an imminent zoonotic threat, but also causes significant economic loss in both developed and developing countries. This systematic review reports the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) organisms in slaughtered cattle showing tuberculosis-like lesion (TBL) with available literature worldwide. Appropriate keywords were used to search various databases to collect articles pertaining to slaughterhouse studies. Bovine TB prevalence, based on the prevalence of MTBC organisms in slaughtered cattle showing TBL by culture, microscopy, PCR and spoligotyping, was assessed in each study using a random-effects model and standardized mean with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots. Out of 72 hits, 37 studies were selected based on title and abstract. Ten articles were excluded due to lack of desired data, and 27 studies were included in the final analysis. From the selected articles, it was found that 426 [95% CI: 302-560] per 1,000 slaughtered cattle with TBL were positive for the presence of MTBC organisms. The sensitivity analysis showed that no individual study alone influenced the estimation of pooled prevalence. The prevalence of MTBC organisms in slaughtered cattle showing TBL by culture, microscopy, PCR and spoligotyping was 474[95% CI: 342-610], 385 [95% CI: 269-515], 218 [95% CI: 132-338], 326 [95% CI: 229-442], respectively, per 1,000 slaughtered cattle. Most of the slaughtered cattle were from the same locality as the slaughterhouse. The results obtained in this study suggest that abattoir monitoring can give an estimate of the prevalence of bTB in that locality. This study also emphasizes the need to test cattle and animal handlers who were in contact with bTB-positive cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Ramanujam
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Thiruvengadam
- Department of Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjani Singaraj
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Palaniyandi
- Department of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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de la Fuente J, Contreras M, Kasaija PD, Gortazar C, Ruiz-Fons JF, Mateo R, Kabi F. Towards a Multidisciplinary Approach to Improve Cattle Health and Production in Uganda. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040165. [PMID: 31683596 PMCID: PMC6963272 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A meeting and course supported by the Vice-Presidency for International Affairs of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the National Agricultural Research Organization of Uganda (NARO) were held at the National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI) in Nakyesasa, Wakiso, Uganda on September 2–9, 2019. The activities were conducted within the collaboration program between the Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Spain) and NARO for the development of vaccines and other interventions for the control of cattle ticks in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - Marinela Contreras
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Paul D Kasaija
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI/NARO), Kampala 5704, Uganda.
| | - Christian Gortazar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Jose F Ruiz-Fons
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Rafael Mateo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)-Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Fredrick Kabi
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute (NaLIRRI/NARO), Kampala 5704, Uganda.
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Pullen MF, Boulware DR, Sreevatsan S, Bazira J. Tuberculosis at the animal-human interface in the Ugandan cattle corridor using a third-generation sequencing platform: a cross-sectional analysis study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024221. [PMID: 30962227 PMCID: PMC6500349 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycobacterial diseases are a significant source of disease burden, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis being the most common infectious cause of death worldwide. Given this, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in these species is of particular interest. By examining the epidemiology of mycobacteria in humans and cattle in an area of intense human-animal contact (the Ugandan cattle corridor [UCC]) and using a novel whole-genome sequencing technique to analyse organism diversity, this study will explore the role bidirectional transmission of mycobacteria plays in the local ecology, as well the significance of zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis in the human population. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This ongoing study includes both a cross-sectional analysis of the UCC mycobacteria-positive population and novel laboratory-based research focused on differentiating the species causing M. tuberculosis complex-linked disease. We will use a third-generation sequencing platform (the MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technology), comparing data from a sample subset to the Illumina platform as a means of measuring viability of the MinION platform in this specific setting. Our full sample set will be sequenced on Illumina and the data will be used to perform epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from both the University of Minnesota IRB committee and the Ugandan National Council for Science and Technology-Research Ethics Committee. Samples were obtained after patients signed an informed consent indicating samples could be retained and used for research purposes. All samples are deidentified, with only basic demographic and geographic information being retained per national tuberculosis (TB) recording guidelines. Significant drug resistance results will be referred back to the local TB control officer to inform patient care. Final results of the study will be submitted to infectious disease-specific journals and will be submitted to the annual Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Flinn Pullen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - David R Boulware
- Department of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Souza IIFD, Rodrigues RDA, Gonçalves Jorge KS, Silva MR, Lilenbaum W, Vidal CES, Etges RN, Kostovic M, Araújo FR. ELISA using a recombinant chimera of ESAT-6/MPB70/MPB83 for Mycobacterium bovis diagnosis in naturally infected cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:9-14. [PMID: 30305467 PMCID: PMC6361649 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) control programs generally rely on intradermal tuberculin tests for the antemortem diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle, but these
tests detect only a portion of the infected animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic coverage of a combination of the bTB antemortem techniques known as the
comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) and an ELISA based on a recombinant chimera of ESAT-6/MPB70/MPB83 as the antigen in cattle. The results were compared to postmortem findings
based on M. bovis culturing and PCR. Paired comparisons of all data (n=92) demonstrated that ELISA and LST results compared to the culturing results did not present
significant differences (P=0.27 on McNemar’s test and P=0.12 on Fisher’s exact test, respectively). Using culturing as the gold standard, the sensitivity
and specificity of ELISA were 79.5% (95% CI: 64.5–89.2%) and 75.5% (95% CI: 62.4–85.1%), respectively, whereas LST demonstrated 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 91.03–100%) and 92.5% specificity
(95% CI: 82.1–97.0%). The ELISA results did not reveal significant differences in relation to the LST results (P>0.99 on Fisher’s exact test). Using the latter as the
gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 79.1% (95% CI: 64.8–88.6%) and 79.6% (95% CI: 66.4–88.5%), respectively. The use of ELISA with the recombinant chimera of
ESAT-6/MPB70/MPB83 as the antigen complements the diagnostic coverage provided by CITT and increases the removal of infected animals from herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ieda Fernando de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity of the Central Western Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Rudielle de Arruda Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kláudia Santos Gonçalves Jorge
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEZ), Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ 24. 210-130, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eugênio Soto Vidal
- Regional Technical Unit for Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Santa Maria (UTRA), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, Santa Maria, RS 97050-500, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nestor Etges
- Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (SEAPI), State Government of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90150-900, Brazil
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12
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Lamuka PO, Njeruh FM, Gitao GC, Matofari J, Bowen R, Abey KA. Prevalence of bovine and avian tuberculosis in camel herds and associated public health risk factors in Isiolo County, Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:937-945. [PMID: 29582340 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 308 lactating camels selected from 15 herds from three different camel milk clusters in Isiolo County, Kenya, to determine prevalence of bovine and avian tuberculosis using Single Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Skin test. Seventy-five (75) questionnaires were administered to pastoralists/herders, and focus group discussions were conducted among 3-5 pastoralists/herders selected from each camel herd to collect information on camel husbandry and health management practices and knowledge on tuberculosis in livestock and wildlife. An overall prevalence of bovine and avian reactors was 3.57 and 18.18%, respectively, with bovine and avian reactors for different clusters being 2.38, 3.82, and 4.48% and 25, 17.2, and 11.94%, respectively. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in prevalence of bovine and avian reactors between different clusters. There was a negative correction (r = -0.1399) between herd size and bovine reactors, while there was a positive correlation (r = 0.0445) between herd size and avian reactors. The respondents indicated that camel herds are exposed to several risk factors like close contact with other herds or livestock or wildlife during grazing and at watering points. Pastoralists have poor knowledge on mode of infection and transmission of bovine or avian tuberculosis. The high prevalence of bovine and avian reactors and pastoralists' poor knowledge on mode of transmission signify potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Lamuka
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya.
| | - Francis M Njeruh
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya
| | - George C Gitao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi, 00625, Kenya
| | - Joseph Matofari
- Department of Dairy and Food Technology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Richard Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, W113 ARBL Building, Foothill Campus, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Khalif A Abey
- Kenya Camel Association, P.O. Box 6067, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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13
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Byrne AW, Graham J, Brown C, Donaghy A, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo M, McNair J, Skuce R, Allen A, McDowell S. Bovine tuberculosis visible lesions in cattle culled during herd breakdowns: the effects of individual characteristics, trade movement and co-infection. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:400. [PMID: 29284483 PMCID: PMC5747088 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains a significant problem for livestock industries in many countries worldwide including Northern Ireland, where a test and slaughter regime has utilised the Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) test since 1959. We investigated the variation in post-mortem confirmation based on bTB visible lesion (VL) presence during herd breakdowns using two model suites. We investigated animal-level characteristics, while controlling for herd-level factors and clustering. We were interested in potential impacts of concurrent infection, and therefore we assessed whether animals with evidence of liver fluke infection (Fasciola hepatica; post-mortem inspection), M. avium reactors (animals with negative M. bovis-avium (b-a) tuberculin reactions) or Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV; RT-PCR tested) were associated with bTB confirmation. RESULTS The dataset included 6242 animals removed during the 14 month study period (2013-2015). bTB-VL presence was significantly increased in animals with greater b-a reaction size at the disclosing SICCT test (e.g. b-a = 5-9 mm vs. b-a = 0 mm, adjusted Odds ratio (aOR): 14.57; p < 0.001). M. avium reactor animals (b-a < 0) were also significantly more likely to disclose VL than non-reactor animals (b-a = 0; aOR: 2.29; p = 0.023). Animals had a greater probability of exhibiting lesions with the increasing number of herds it had resided within (movement; log-herds: aOR: 2.27-2.42; p < 0.001), if it had an inconclusive penultimate test result (aOR: 2.84-3.89; p < 0.001), and with increasing time between tests (log-time; aOR: 1.23; p = 0.003). Animals were less likely to have VL if they were a dairy breed (aOR: 0.79; p = 0.015) or in an older age-class (e.g. age-quartile 2 vs. 4; aOR: 0.65; p < 0.001). Liver fluke or BVDV variables were not retained in either multivariable model as they were non-significantly associated with bTB-VL status (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that neither co-infection of liver fluke nor BVDV had a significant effect on the presence of VLs in this high-risk cohort. M. avium tuberculin reactors had a significantly increased risk of disclosing with a bTB lesion, which could be related to the impact of co-infection with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) affecting the performance of the SICCT however further research in this area is required. Movements, test history, breed and age were important factors influencing confirmation in high-risk animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Byrne
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Jordon Graham
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Craig Brown
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Aoibheann Donaghy
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Maria Guelbenzu-Gonzalo
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Jim McNair
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Robin Skuce
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Adrian Allen
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
| | - Stanley McDowell
- Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Science Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT43SD, UK
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