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Ravel SJ, Hollifield VM. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Domestic Ferret Suffering from Chronic Diarrhea and Maldigestion-Fecal Microbiota and Clinical Outcome: A Case Report. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2024; 15:171-180. [PMID: 38828210 PMCID: PMC11143982 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s449473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This case report describes the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) administered via enema in a 4-year-old spayed, champagne Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with chronic diarrhea, maldigestion and weight loss. We aimed to establish a protocol for FMT as a novel therapeutic treatment for chronic diarrhea in domestic ferrets. We mapped the fecal microbiome by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to track the patient's fecal microbiota throughout the treatment and observation period. Initial oral FMTs were associated with temporary weight improvement but subsequent treatments, via enema and oral delivery, showed varied outcomes. Molecular analysis highlighted distinct gut microbiota composition profiles between the healthy donor and the diseased ferret. The diseased ferret initially exhibited high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia, and Enterobacter, which ultimately normalized to level like those found in the donor ferret. Overall, the gut microbiota of the recipient became more similar to the donor microbiota using a Yue-Clayton theta coefficients analysis. After a restoration of the gut microbiota and clinical improvement, the recipient's symptoms returned indicating that repeated FMTs might be required for long-term resolution of symptoms and complete restructuring of the gut microbiota. Future studies are warranted to map the microbiome of a larger population of domestic ferrets to investigate a potential correlation between fecal microbiota profiles and chronic/acute gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J Ravel
- Best Friends’ Veterinary Hospital, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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2
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Barko P, Nguyen-Edquilang J, Williams DA, Gal A. Fecal microbiome composition and diversity of cryopreserved canine stool at different duration and storage conditions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294730. [PMID: 38324560 PMCID: PMC10849402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fresh-frozen stool banks intended for humans with gastrointestinal and metabolic disorders have been recently established and there are ongoing efforts to establish the first veterinary fresh-frozen stool bank. Fresh frozen stored feces provide an advantage of increased availability and accessibility to high-quality optimal donor fecal material. The stability of frozen canine feces regarding fecal microbiome composition and diversity has not been reported in dogs, providing the basis for this study. We hypothesized that fecal microbial composition and diversity of healthy dogs would remain stable when stored at -20°C and -80°C for up to 12 months compared to baseline samples evaluated before freezing. Stool samples were collected from 20 apparently healthy dogs, manually homogenized, cryopreserved in 20% glycerol and aliquoted, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -20°C or -80°C for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. At baseline and after period of storage, aliquots were thawed and treated with propidium monoazide before fecal DNA extraction. Following long-read 16S-rRNA amplicon sequencing, bacterial community composition and diversity were compared among treatment groups. We demonstrated that fresh-frozen canine stools collected from 20 apparently healthy dogs could be stored for up to 12 months at -80°C with minimal change in microbial community composition and diversity and that storage at -80°C is superior to storage at -20°C. We also found that differences between dogs had the largest effect on community composition and diversity. Relative abundances of certain bacterial taxa, including those known to be short-chain fatty acid producers, varied significantly with specific storage temperatures and duration. Further work is required to ascertain whether fecal donor material that differs in bacterial community composition and diversity across storage conditions and duration could lead to differences in clinical efficacy for specific clinical indications of fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Barko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Julie Nguyen-Edquilang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - David A. Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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Linnehan BK, Kodera SM, Allard SM, Brodie EC, Allaband C, Knight R, Lutz HL, Carroll MC, Meegan JM, Jensen ED, Gilbert JA. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantations in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) using metagenomic sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae026. [PMID: 38305096 PMCID: PMC10853691 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Gastrointestinal disease is a leading cause of morbidity in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) under managed care. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) holds promise as a therapeutic tool to restore gut microbiota without antibiotic use. This prospective clinical study aimed to develop a screening protocol for FMT donors to ensure safety, determine an effective FMT administration protocol for managed dolphins, and evaluate the efficacy of FMTs in four recipient dolphins. METHODS AND RESULTS Comprehensive health monitoring was performed on donor and recipient dolphins. Fecal samples were collected before, during, and after FMT therapy. Screening of donor and recipient fecal samples was accomplished by in-house and reference lab diagnostic tests. Shotgun metagenomics was used for sequencing. Following FMT treatment, all four recipient communities experienced engraftment of novel microbial species from donor communities. Engraftment coincided with resolution of clinical signs and a sustained increase in alpha diversity. CONCLUSION The donor screening protocol proved to be safe in this study and no adverse effects were observed in four recipient dolphins. Treatment coincided with improvement in clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho M Kodera
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Sarah M Allard
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Erin C Brodie
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA 92106, United States
| | - Celeste Allaband
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Joan and Irwin Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Holly L Lutz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | - Jennifer M Meegan
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA 92106, United States
| | - Eric D Jensen
- U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program, Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA 92106, United States
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, Joan and Irwin Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
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Alves JC, Santos A, Jorge P, Pitães Â. Faecal microbiome transplantation improves clinical signs of chronic idiopathic large bowel diarrhoea in working dogs. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3052. [PMID: 37245211 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diarrhoea is a common clinical sign in dogs with chronic enteropathy, and psyllium husk has been shown to improve clinical signs in affected dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether faecal microbiome transplant has a similar effect in alleviating clinical signs in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhoea. METHOD Thirty large-breed working dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhoea were divided into a psyllium group (PG) and a faecal microbiome transplant group (FMTG). To the PG, 16 g/day of psyllium husk was administered for 30 days. The FMTG received faecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) once via enema. A daily log of faecal characteristics was kept, and the dogs' canine inflammatory bowel disease index (CIBDAI) and body condition scores (BCS) were determined. A Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare group results. In addition, the Kaplan-Meier test was used to evaluate the occurrence rate of 1 day or more of diarrhoea and 2 days or more of diarrhoea by day 30. RESULTS The sample had a mean age of 3.9 ± 2.1 years and a bodyweight of 25.3 ± 6.8 kg. The FMTG showed a more rapid onset of CIBDAI improvement but no difference in other measures. At 30 days, the FMTG showed a greater improvement in bodyweight and BCS, but no differences were observed in faecal scores, defaecation frequency and time of appearance of episodes of diarrhoea. Time played a significant positive role in the results observed across both groups (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS This study did not compare the microbiomes of the dogs before and after treatment, so the role of specific types of bacteria cannot be determined. CONCLUSION Psyllium husk and FMT had similar effects in improving clinical signs of chronic large bowel diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Pitães
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- Internal Medicine Department, Evidensia Södra, Stockholm, Sweden
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Werner M, Ishii PE, Pilla R, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Busch-Hahn K, Unterer S, Suchodolski JS. Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile in Canine Feces and Its Association with Intestinal Dysbiosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2441. [PMID: 37570250 PMCID: PMC10417777 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Clostridioides (C.) difficile as an enteropathogen in dogs is controversial. In humans, intestinal bile acid-dysmetabolism is associated with C. difficile prevalence. The relationship between fecal qPCR-based dysbiosis index (DI) and especially the abundance of bile acid-converting Clostridium hiranonis with the presence of C. difficile in dogs was explored across the following 4 cohorts: 358 fecal samples submitted for routine diagnostic work-up, 33 dogs with chronic enteropathy, 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, and 116 healthy dogs. Dogs that tested positive for C. difficile had significantly higher DI (median, 4.4 (range from 0.4 to 8.6)) and lower C. hiranonis (median, 0.1 (range from 0.0 to 7.5) logDNA/g) than dogs that tested negative for C. difficile (median DI, -1 (range from -7.2 to 8.9); median C. hiranonis abundance, 6.2 (range from 0.1 to 7.5) logDNA/g; p < 0.0001, respectively). In 33 dogs with CE and 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, the treatment response did not differ between C. difficile-positive and -negative dogs. In the group of clinically healthy dogs, 9/116 tested positive for C. difficile, and 6/9 of these had also an abnormal DI. In conclusion, C. difficile is strongly linked to intestinal dysbiosis and lower C. hiranonis levels in dogs, but its presence does not necessitate targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Werner
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Eri Ishii
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Joerg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
| | - Kathrin Busch-Hahn
- Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Unterer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 4474, USA
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Sugita K, Shima A, Takahashi K, Ishihara G, Kawano K, Ohmori K. Pilot evaluation of a single oral fecal microbiota transplantation for canine atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8824. [PMID: 37258604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). However, the gut microbiota has not been well characterized in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in dogs with AD remains unclear. This research, therefore, aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of dogs with AD and conduct pilot evaluation of the efficacy of a single oral FMT on clinical signs and the gut microbiota of dogs with AD. For these purposes, we used 12 dogs with AD and 20 healthy dogs. The 16S rRNA analysis of the fecal microbiota revealed significant differences between 12 dogs with AD and 20 healthy dogs. Next, a single oral FMT was performed in 12 dogs with AD as a single-arm, open-label clinical trial for 56 days. A single oral FMT significantly decreased Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)-04 scores from day 0 (median score, 16.5) to day 56 (8) and Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) scores from days 0 (median score, 3) to day 56 (1). Furthermore, a single oral FMT changed the composition of the fecal microbiota of dogs with AD at the phylum and genus levels. The number of common amplicon sequence variants in the fecal microbiota between donor dogs and dogs with AD was positively correlated with CADESI-04 and PVAS reduction ratios 56 days after FMT. Our findings suggest that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cAD, and that oral FMT could be a new therapeutic approach targeting the gut microbiota in cAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugita
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Sugita Animal Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Takahashi
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kawano
- Tokyo Animal Allergy Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastroenterological Oncology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Li K, Yang J, Zhou X, Wang H, Ren Y, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhong Z, Peng G, Zheng C, Zhou Z. The Mechanism of Important Components in Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120695. [PMID: 36548856 PMCID: PMC9786814 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a potential treatment for many intestinal diseases. In dogs, FMT has been shown to have positive regulation effects in treating Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, acute diarrhea (AD), and acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS). FMT involves transplanting the functional components of a donor's feces into the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient. The effective components of FMT not only include commensal bacteria, but also include viruses, fungi, bacterial metabolites, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) from the donor feces. By affecting microbiota and regulating host immunity, these components can help the recipient to restore their microbial community, improve their intestinal barrier, and induce anti-inflammation in their intestines, thereby affecting the development of diseases. In addition to the above components, mucin proteins and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) may be functional ingredients in FMT as well. In addition to the abovementioned indications, FMT is also thought to be useful in treating some other diseases in dogs. Consequently, when preparing FMT fecal material, it is important to preserve the functional components involved. Meanwhile, appropriate fecal material delivery methods should be chosen according to the mechanisms these components act by in FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhou
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Yuxin Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunchuan Huang
- Chengdu Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengli Zheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu 610016, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.Z.)
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Innocente G, Patuzzi I, Furlanello T, Di Camillo B, Bargelloni L, Giron MC, Facchin S, Savarino E, Azzolin M, Simionati B. Machine Learning and Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A New Approach to Investigate FMT Effects. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090502. [PMID: 36136718 PMCID: PMC9505216 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a very promising approach to decreasing disease activity in canine chronic enteropathies (CE). However, the relationship between remission mechanisms and microbiome changes has not been elucidated yet. The main objective of this study was to report the clinical effects of oral freeze-dried FMT in CE dogs, comparing the fecal microbiomes of three groups: pre-FMT CE-affected dogs, post-FMT dogs, and healthy dogs. Diversity analysis, differential abundance analysis, and machine learning algorithms were applied to investigate the differences in microbiome composition between healthy and pre-FMT samples, while Canine Chronic Enteropathy Clinical Activity Index (CCECAI) changes and microbial diversity metrics were used to evaluate FMT effects. In the healthy/pre-FMT comparison, significant differences were noted in alpha and beta diversity and a list of differentially abundant taxa was identified, while machine learning algorithms predicted sample categories with 0.97 (random forest) and 0.87 (sPLS-DA) accuracy. Clinical signs of improvement were observed in 74% (20/27) of CE-affected dogs, together with a statistically significant decrease in CCECAI (median value from 5 to 2 median). Alpha and beta diversity variations between pre- and post-FMT were observed for each receiver, with a high heterogeneity in the response. This highlighted the necessity for further research on a larger dataset that could identify different healing patterns of microbiome changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Innocente
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Di Camillo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncological and Gastrointestinal Science, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirko Azzolin
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, 31038 Castagnole, Italy
| | - Barbara Simionati
- Research & Development Division, EuBiome S.r.l., 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Impacts of Gut Microbiota on the Immune System and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Re-Emerging Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081093. [PMID: 36009962 PMCID: PMC9404867 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enormous and diverse population of microorganisms residing in the digestive tracts of humans and animals influence the development, regulation, and function of the immune system. Recently, the understanding of the association between autoimmune diseases and gut microbiota has been improved due to the innovation of high-throughput sequencing technologies with high resolutions. Several studies have reported perturbation of gut microbiota as one of the factors playing a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, recurrent diarrhea due to Clostridioides difficile infections. Restoration of healthy gut microbiota by transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to a sick recipient, called fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), has resolved or improved symptoms of autoimmune diseases. This (re)emerging therapy was approved for the treatment of drug-resistant recurrent C. difficile infections in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Numerous human and animal studies have demonstrated FMT has the potential as the next generation therapy to control autoimmune and other health problems. Alas, this new therapeutic method has limitations, including the risk of transferring antibiotic-resistant pathogens or transmission of genes from donors to recipients and/or exacerbating the conditions in some patients. Therefore, continued research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and to improve the efficacy and optimize the preparation of FMT for different disease conditions, and to tailor FMT to meet the needs in both humans and animals. The prospect of FMT therapy includes shifting from the current practice of using the whole fecal materials to the more aesthetic transfer of selective microbial consortia assembled in vitro or using their metabolic products.
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Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Application and Possible Mechanisms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080396. [PMID: 36006314 PMCID: PMC9413255 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging therapeutic option for a variety of diseases, and is characterized as the transfer of fecal microorganisms from a healthy donor into the intestinal tract of a diseased recipient. In human clinics, FMT has been used for treating diseases for decades, with promising results. In recent years, veterinary specialists adapted FMT in canine patients; however, compared to humans, canine FMT is more inclined towards research purposes than practical applications in most cases, due to safety concerns. Therefore, in order to facilitate the application of fecal transplant therapy in dogs, in this paper, we review recent applications of FMT in canine clinical treatments, as well as possible mechanisms that are involved in the process of the therapeutic effect of FMT. More research is needed to explore more effective and safer approaches for conducting FMT in dogs.
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Cerquetella M, Marchegiani A, Rossi G, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Passamonti F, Isidori M, Rueca F. Case Report: Oral Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Dog Suffering From Relapsing Chronic Diarrhea-Clinical Outcome and Follow-Up. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:893342. [PMID: 35859811 PMCID: PMC9289623 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.893342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case report describes the effects of orally administered fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) (frozen capsules) in a dog suffering from relapsing chronic diarrhea, needing a continuous low prednisolone dose to maintain the condition under acceptable control. Through FMT, we aimed at evaluating the possibility of improving the clinical score and/or reducing/suspending steroid administration. During a first period of strict monitoring (21 days), the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI) score passed from mild to clinically insignificant disease. Furthermore, two additional gastrointestinal signs that had been reported, bloating and episodes of painful defecation, rapidly improved (bloating) or even resolved (painful defecation). The patient was then followed for 18 months (to the authors' knowledge, the longest follow-up time ever reported in a dog), during which no serious relapses occurred and no increase in prednisolone dose was necessary. No adverse clinical effects were ever reported during monitoring. The present description provides a further experience increasing those already present in the veterinary literature, in which an agreement on how to use FMT has not yet been achieved although strongly needed and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerquetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchegiani
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Isidori
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rueca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Olmedo M, Kestler M, Valerio M, Padilla B, Rodríguez González C, Chamarro E, Machado M, Álvarez-Uría A, Alcalá L, Muñoz P, Bouza E. Bezlotoxumab in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections: a real-life experience. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2022; 35:279-283. [PMID: 35279984 PMCID: PMC9134882 DOI: 10.37201/req/120.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Following the approval of bezlotoxumab in 2017, studies evaluating its effectiveness in prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection under "real-life" conditions are scarce. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study developed in a large tertiary care hospital describing the use and outcomes of patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) treated with bezlotoxumab. RESULTS A total of 16 patients were include, all of whom had an episode of CDI with high probability of recurrence and 14 of them had some kind of immunosuppression. Bezlotoxumab was effective in the prevention of CDI recurrence in 11 of the 14 cases in which follow up was possible, without significant side effects. CONCLUSIONS Bezlotoxumab was well tolerated and the incidence of recurrent CDI in a high-risk population for recurrence was only 21.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olmedo
- María Olmedo, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Wen TF, Cho YC, Li CY. Faecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in two dogs. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Schmitz SS. Observational study of small animal practitioners' awareness, clinical practice and experience with faecal microbiota transplantation in dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2022; 47:100630. [PMID: 35021112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To assess small animal practitioner's awareness of the relatively novel procedure of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in dogs and their practices, indications, experience and assessment of outcome of this in canine patients. An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed to practitioners in the UK and around the world, assessing demographics of respondents, their selection criteria for donors, their operating procedures and indications when performing FMT in dogs, as well as the observed outcomes. Analysis of results was descriptive. Data based on 155 responses from 13 different countries, 40% from primary care practices and 60% from referral hospitals, were analysed. The majority of respondents (71%) had never performed FMT. For the remaining, main indications were chronic enteropathy (64%) and parvovirus infection (21%), followed by other types of acute diarrhoea (15%). The most common mode of administration was via enema (79%) or endoscopically (55%), using fresh (76%) or frozen (46%) preparations mixed with saline/ water, while the amount administered was extremely variable. Median storage time of FMT was 90 days (range 1-180 days). 67% of participants routinely administer FMT more than once. Clinical response was mixed to good, with rare adverse events (n=4). 25 respondents (21.7%) wanted to start using FMT, while 45 (29%) wanted to continue or increase FMT administration for various gastrointestinal conditions. In conclusion, administration of FMT to dogs is currently rare amongst small animal practitioners, but generally follow current recommendations. Urgent consensus regarding donor selection and FMT application procedures for dogs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salavati Schmitz
- Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
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15
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Hain‐Saunders N, Knight DR, Bruce M, Riley TV. Clostridioides difficile
infection and One Health: An Equine Perspective. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:985-997. [PMID: 35001483 PMCID: PMC9304292 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile presents a significant health risk to humans and animals. The complexity of the bacterial–host interaction affecting pathogenesis and disease development creates an ongoing challenge for epidemiological studies, control strategies and prevention planning. The recent emergence of human disease caused by strains of C. difficile found in animals adds to mounting evidence that C. difficile infection (CDI) may be a zoonosis. In equine populations, C. difficile is a known cause of diarrhoea and gastrointestinal inflammation, with considerable mortality and morbidity. This has a significant impact on both the well‐being of the animal and, in the case of performance and production animals, it may have an adverse economic impact on relevant industries. While C. difficile is regularly isolated from horses, many questions remain regarding the impact of asymptomatic carriage as well as optimization of diagnosis, testing and treatment. This review provides an overview of our understanding of equine CDI while also identifying knowledge gaps and the need for a holistic One Health approach to a complicated issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasza Hain‐Saunders
- Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Daniel R. Knight
- Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Nedlands 6009 WA Australia
| | - Mieghan Bruce
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Centre for Biosecurity and One Health Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Thomas V. Riley
- Biosecurity and One Health Research Centre, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Nedlands 6009 WA Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Nedlands Western Australia Australia
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16
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Faecal Microbiome Transplantation as a Solution to Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: A Case Study of Beneficial Microbial Evolution. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051433. [PMID: 34067662 PMCID: PMC8156139 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathies (CE) are gastrointestinal diseases that afflict about one in five dogs in Europe. Conventional therapeutic approaches include dietary intervention, pharmacological treatment and probiotic supplements. The patient response can be highly variable and the interventions are often not resolutive. Moreover, the therapeutic strategy is usually planned (and gradually corrected) based on the patient's response to empirical treatment, with few indirect gut health indicators useful to drive clinicians' decisions. The ever-diminishing cost of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows clinicians to directly follow and characterise the evolution of the whole gut microbial community in order to highlight possible weaknesses. In this framework, faecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) is emerging as a feasible solution to CE, based on the implant of a balanced, eubiotic microbial community from a healthy donor to a dysbiotic patient. In this study, we report the promising results of FMT carried out in a 9-year-old dog suffering from CE for the last 3 years. The patient underwent a two-cycle oral treatment of FMT and the microbiota evolution was monitored by 16S rRNA gene sequencing both prior to FMT and after the two administrations. We evaluated the variation of microbial composition by calculating three different alpha diversity indices and compared the patient and donor data to a healthy control population of 94 dogs. After FMT, the patient's microbiome and clinical parameters gradually shifted to values similar to those observed in healthy dogs. Symptoms disappeared during a follow-up period of six months after the second FMT. We believe that this study opens the door for potential applications of FMT in clinical veterinary practice and highlights the need to improve our knowledge on this relevant topic.
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17
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Sugita K, Shima A, Takahashi K, Matsuda Y, Miyajima M, Hirokawa M, Kondo H, Kimura J, Ishihara G, Ohmori K. Successful outcome after a single endoscopic fecal microbiota transplantation in a Shiba dog with non-responsive enteropathy during the treatment with chlorambucil. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:984-989. [PMID: 33896875 PMCID: PMC8267193 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year 6-month-old, castrated male Shiba dog presented with a 1-month history of
lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, and frequent watery diarrhea. Weight loss, hypoalbuminemia,
anemia, and leukocytosis were detected at the first visit. The dog was diagnosed with
non-responsive enteropathy (NRE) based on clinical and histopathological examinations.
Since the dog did not respond to the immunosuppressive drugs, fecal microbiota
transplantation (FMT) was performed during the treatment with chlorambucil. A single
endoscopic FMT into the cecum and colon drastically recovered clinical signs and
clinicopathological abnormalities and corrected dysbiosis in the dog. No recurrence or
adverse events were observed. The present case report suggests that FMT, possibly together
with chlorambucil, might be a treatment option for NRE in Shiba dogs that have poorer
prognosis compared with other dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugita
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,Sugita Animal Hospital, 3-55-10 Shinshiraoka, Shiraoka, Saitama 349-0212, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., 8-17-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kaho Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyajima
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Marin Hirokawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-08510, Japan
| | - Junpei Kimura
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Genki Ishihara
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., 8-17-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Keitaro Ohmori
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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18
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Gal A, Barko PC, Biggs PJ, Gedye KR, Midwinter AC, Williams DA, Burchell RK, Pazzi P. One dog's waste is another dog's wealth: A pilot study of fecal microbiota transplantation in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250344. [PMID: 33872339 PMCID: PMC8055013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) has been associated in some studies with Clostridioides perfringens overgrowth and toxin-mediated necrosis of the intestinal mucosa. We aimed to determine the effect of a single fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on clinical scores and fecal microbiomes of 1 and 7 dogs with AHDS from New Zealand and South Africa. We hypothesized that FMT would improve AHDS clinical scores and increase microbiota alpha-diversity and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing microbial communities’ abundances in dogs with AHDS after FMT. We sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S-rRNA gene in the feces of AHDS FMT-recipients and sham-treated control dogs, and their healthy donors at admission, discharge, and 30 days post-discharge. There were no significant differences in median AHDS clinical scores between FMT-recipients and sham-treated controls at admission or discharge (P = 0.22, P = 0.41). At admission, the Shannon diversity index (SDI) was lower in AHDS dogs than healthy donors (P = 0.002). The SDI did not change from admission to 30 days in sham-treated dogs yet increased in FMT-recipients from admission to discharge (P = 0.04) to levels not different than donors (P = 0.33) but significantly higher than sham-treated controls (P = 0.002). At 30 days, the SDI did not differ between FMT recipients, sham-treated controls, and donors (P = 0.88). Principal coordinate analysis of the Bray-Curtis index separated post-FMT and donor dogs from pre-FMT and sham-treated dogs (P = 0.009) because of increased SCFA-producing genera’s abundances after FMT. A single co-abundance subnetwork contained many of the same OTUs found to be differentially abundant in FMT-recipients, and the abundance of this module was increased in FMT-recipients at discharge and 30 days, compared to sham-treated controls. We conclude in this small pilot study FMT did not have any clinical benefit. A single FMT procedure has the potential to increase bacterial communities of SCFA-producing genera important for intestinal health up to 30 days post-FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Gal
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Patrick C. Barko
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Biggs
- Molecular Epidemiology & Public Health Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kristene R. Gedye
- Molecular Epidemiology & Public Health Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C. Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology & Public Health Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David A. Williams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard K. Burchell
- North Coast Veterinary and Referral Centre, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paolo Pazzi
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Alessandri G, Argentini C, Milani C, Turroni F, Cristina Ossiprandi M, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1708-1732. [PMID: 32864871 PMCID: PMC7533323 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs and cats have gained a special position in human society by becoming our principal companion animals. In this context, efforts to ensure their health and welfare have increased exponentially, with in recent times a growing interest in assessing the impact of the gut microbiota on canine and feline health. Recent technological advances have generated new tools to not only examine the intestinal microbial composition of dogs and cats, but also to scrutinize the genetic repertoire and associated metabolic functions of this microbial community. The application of high-throughput sequencing techniques to canine and feline faecal samples revealed similarities in their bacterial composition, with Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as the most prevalent and abundant phyla, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Although key bacterial members were consistently present in their gut microbiota, the taxonomic composition and the metabolic repertoire of the intestinal microbial population may be influenced by several factors, including diet, age and anthropogenic aspects, as well as intestinal dysbiosis. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multitude of factors which play a role in the modulation of the canine and feline gut microbiota and that of their human owners with whom they share the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Alessandri
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Chiara Argentini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Maria Cristina Ossiprandi
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience InstituteNational University of IrelandCorkIreland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
- Microbiome Research HubUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
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20
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Abstract
In people, fecal microbiota transplantation is recognized as the best treatment modality for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in people, and its value is currently investigated in the treatment of other diseases associated with an abnormal gut microbiome. In dogs, intestinal dysbiosis has been documented in many acute and chronic digestive diseases as well as in diseases of other organ systems. There are only few published studies evaluating the benefits of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in canine gastrointestinal disorders. They provide evidence that FMT may be beneficial in the treatment of acute intestinal diseases and hope that the technique might also be useful for the management of chronic enteropathies.
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21
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Ali N, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong Z, Li J, Nazar M, Shao T. Microbial diversity and fermentation profile of red clover silage inoculated with reconstituted indigenous and exogenous epiphytic microbiota. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123606. [PMID: 32629380 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of transplantation and reconstitution of indigenous and exogenous epiphytic microbiota on the fermentation quality and microbial community of red clover silage. Sterile red clover was inoculated with distilled water (RC0), extracted epiphytic microbiota of red clover (RC), maize (MZ), and sorghum (SG). RC inoculation rapidly decreased pH at the onset of ensiling. The LA concentration and ratio of LA/AA were higher in RC silage during entire ensiling while MZ silage during late phase of ensiling. Pediococcus was dominant in RC early silage, while Lactobacillus was abundant in MZ final silage. The SG terminal silage had higher pH (>4.50) and dominated by Sphingomonas, Enterobacter, and Novosphingobium. RC and MZ microbiota were beneficial in enhancing fermentation quality and microbial community in red clover silage. Transplantation and reconstitution of epiphytic microbiota can be a successful method to assess the effective and eco-friendly additive for the targeted crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Siran Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mudasir Nazar
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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22
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Chaitman J, Ziese AL, Pilla R, Minamoto Y, Blake AB, Guard BC, Isaiah A, Lidbury JA, Steiner JM, Unterer S, Suchodolski JS. Fecal Microbial and Metabolic Profiles in Dogs With Acute Diarrhea Receiving Either Fecal Microbiota Transplantation or Oral Metronidazole. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:192. [PMID: 32363202 PMCID: PMC7182012 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to characterize differences in fecal consistency, and fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles in dogs with acute diarrhea (AD) treated with either fecal microbiota transplantation as enema (FMT; n = 11) or oral metronidazole (MET; n = 7) for 7 days. On days 0, 7, and 28 fecal samples were obtained. Fecal samples from healthy dogs (HC; n = 14) were used for comparison. Samples were analyzed by the previously validated qPCR based canine Dysbiosis Index (DI; increased values indicate microbiota dysbiosis) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The fecal metabolome was analyzed using a previously validated targeted canine assay for fecal unconjugated bile acids, and untargeted metabolomics. Fecal consistency improved significantly in dogs treated with FMT and MET by day 7 and day 28 (p < 0.01) compared to day 0. However, on day 28 fecal consistency was significantly better in FMT compared to MET (p = 0.040). At day 0, dogs with AD had an altered microbiota indicated by significantly increased DI, decreased alpha-diversity, and altered beta-diversity. In the FMT group, the DI decreased over time, while MET led to a significant increase in the dysbiosis index at day 7 and 28 compared to FMT. Sequencing data revealed that in FMT microbial diversity and beta-diversity was similar to HC at day 28, while in MET these parameters were still significantly different from HC. In dogs treated with FMT, a decrease in cholic acid and the percentage of primary bile acids was observed, whereas treatment with metronidazole led to an increase in cholic acid at day 7 and an increase in percentage of primary bile acids over time. Based on untargeted metabolomics, dogs with AD had an altered fecal metabolome compared to HC. Dogs treated with FMT clustered closer to HC at day 28, while dogs treated with MET did not. In this pilot study, dogs with AD had significant differences in fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles. Dogs treated with MET still had altered microbial and metabolic profiles at day 28 compared to dogs treated with FMT or healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chaitman
- Veterinary Internal Medicine and Allergy Specialists, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna-Lena Ziese
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yasushi Minamoto
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Amanda B Blake
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Blake C Guard
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Anitah Isaiah
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Stefan Unterer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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