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Li Y, Zeng T, Huang P, Tan W, Feng Y, Xia X, Feng Z, Shen C, Fan H, Zhu C, Yin W, Qian L, Ren C, Yue M. Investigating the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen genetic variants in hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29776. [PMID: 38953430 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes influences the host's immune response to viral pathogens. This study aims to explore the impact of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KIR3DL2 and HLA-A genes on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A total of 2251 individuals were included in the case-control study. SNPs including KIR3DL2 rs11672983, rs3745902, rs1654644, and HLA-A rs3869062, rs12202296 were genotyped. By controlling various confounding factors using a modified logistic regression model, as well as incorporating stratified analysis, joint effects analysis, and multidimensional bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the relationship between SNPs and HCV infection. The logistic regression analysis showed a correlation between KIR3DL2 rs11672983 AA, KIR3DL2 rs3745902 TT, and increased HCV susceptibility (p < 0.01). Stratified analysis indicated that KIR3DL2 rs1654644 and HLA-A rs3869062 also heightened HCV susceptibility in certain subgroups. A linear trend of rising HCV infection rates was observed when combining KIR3DL2 rs11672983 AA and KIR3DL2 rs3745902 TT (ptrend = 0.007). Bioinformatics analysis suggested these SNPs' regulatory potential and their role in altering messenger RNA secondary structure, implying their functional relevance in HCV susceptibility. Our findings indicate that KIR3DL2 rs11672983 AA and KIR3DL2 rs3745902 TT are significantly associated with increased susceptibility to HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicines, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zepei Feng
- Department of Occupational Disease Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Immunization Program, Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Haozhi Fan
- Department of Information, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Tropical Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liqin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengrui Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Li M, Fan X, Zhao J, Wang D. Establishment and Validation of a Four-stress Granule-related Gene Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:1-14. [PMID: 38250470 PMCID: PMC10794267 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Stress granules (SGs) as membrane-less cytoplasmic foci formed in response to unfavorable external stimuli could promote cancer cells to adapt to hostile environments. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is prone to be highly aggressive once diagnosed, which markedly reduces patient survival time. Therefore, it is crucial to develop valid diagnostic markers to prognosticate HCC patient prognosis, which promotes individualized precision therapeutics in HCC. Considering the pro-tumorigenic activity of SGs, it is of great potential value to construct a prognostic tool for HCC based on the expression profiles of SG-related genes (SGGs). Methods Bioinformatic analysis was employed to establish an SGG-based prognostic signature. Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess the expression patterns of the related SGGs. Loss-of-function experiments were performed to analyze the effect of the SGGs on SG formation and cell survival. Results A four-SGG signature (KPNA2, MEX3A, WDR62, and SFN) targeting HCC was established and validated to exhibit a robust performance in predicting HCC prognosis. Consistently, all four genes were further found to be highly expressed in human HCC tissues. More important, we demonstrated that individually knocking down the four SGGs significantly reduced HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by compromising the SG formation process. Conclusions We developed an SGG-based predictive signature that can be used as an independent prognostic tool for HCC. The strong predictive power of this signature was further elucidated by the carcinogenic activity of KPNA2, MEX3A, WDR62, and SFN in HCC cells by regulating SG formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
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朱 权, 黄 柏, 位 磊, 罗 奇. [Overexpression of LncRNA MEG3 promotes ferroptosis and enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to cisplatin]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:17-24. [PMID: 38293972 PMCID: PMC10878888 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of overexpression of LncRNA MEG3 on proliferation, migration and cisplatin sensitivity of hepatoma cells HepG2 and LM3 and explore the underlying and mechanism. METHODS The expression of MEG3 in healthy individuals and patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was analyzed by online bioinformatics analysis, and Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect MEG3 expression in different HCC cell lines. A MEG3-overexpresing plasmid was transfected in HepG2 and LM3 cells, and the changes in cell proliferation and migration were examined using CCK8 assay and scratch assay. CCK8 assay was used to determine the inhibitory rate of cisplatin on the transfected cells. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence probe (DCFH-DA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) kit were used to assess the changes in ROS production and MDA level in the cells. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of ferroptosis-related proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). RESULTS The expression of MEG3 was significantly lower in HCC cells than in LO2 cells, which was consistent with the results of bioinformatic analysis (P < 0.05). Overexpression of MEG3 in the HCC cell lines significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration (P < 0.05), increased the cell inhibition rate of cisplatin (P < 0.05), enhanced cellular ROS production and increased MDA levels in the cells (P < 0.05). MEG3 overexpression significantly decreased the expressions of GPX4 and FTH1 in the HCC cell lines. CONCLUSION The expression of MEG3 is decreased in HCC cells, and its overexpression inhibits proliferation and migration and enhances cisplatin sensitivity of HCC cells by promoting ferroptosis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- 权 朱
- 中南大学基础医学院免疫学系,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 柏胜 黄
- 中南大学基础医学院生理学系,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 磊艳 位
- 中南大学基础医学院免疫学系,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - 奇志 罗
- 中南大学基础医学院免疫学系,湖南 长沙 410008Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Milosevic I, Todorovic N, Filipovic A, Simic J, Markovic M, Stevanovic O, Malinic J, Katanic N, Mitrovic N, Nikolic N. HCV and HCC Tango-Deciphering the Intricate Dance of Disease: A Review Article. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16048. [PMID: 38003240 PMCID: PMC10671156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for around one-third of all HCC cases. Prolonged inflammation in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), maintained through a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, is one of the aspects of carcinogenesis, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Immune response dysfunction including the innate and adaptive immunity also plays a role in the development, as well as in the recurrence of HCC after treatment. Some of the tumor suppressor genes inhibited by the HCV proteins are p53, p73, and retinoblastoma 1. Mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the oncogene catenin beta 1 are two more important carcinogenic signaling pathways in HCC associated with HCV. Furthermore, in HCV-related HCC, numerous tumor suppressor and seven oncogenic genes are dysregulated by epigenetic changes. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is considered as a lasting "epigenetic memory", suggesting that HCV-induced changes persist and are associated with liver carcinogenesis even after cure. Epigenetic changes and immune response dysfunction are recognized targets for potential therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milosevic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Nevena Todorovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Ana Filipovic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jelena Simic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Marko Markovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Olja Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Jovan Malinic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Katanic
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Situated in Kosovska Mitrovica, 28000 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Nikola Mitrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Natasa Nikolic
- Faculty of Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.M.); (M.M.); (O.S.); (J.M.); (N.M.)
- University Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (A.F.); (J.S.); (N.K.)
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Stroffolini T, Stroffolini G. A Historical Overview on the Role of Hepatitis B and C Viruses as Aetiological Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082388. [PMID: 37190317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Currently, HBV-related HCC predominates in Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East-Asia, while HCV-related HCC predominates in northern Africa and in the western world. Liver cirrhosis is the underlying condition in most HBV cases and in nearly all HCV cases. Several cofactors, viral and non-viral, play a role in the progression toward HCC: dual HBV/HCV infection, HDV, HIV, alcohol intake, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and NAFLD/NASH. HBV vaccine is effective in preventing both infection and HCC; antiviral drugs may suppress HBV replication and eradicate HCV infection, halting progression to HCC. Inequalities exist between high- and low-income countries with respect to vaccine availability and access to antivirals. These factors represent barriers to the control of HCC incidence. Lack of an effective vaccine against HCV is also a serious barrier to HCV elimination and HCC prevention. The most crucial steps and knowledge that have arisen over time on the association between the two major hepatotropic viruses and HCC are discussed in this historical review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Stroffolini
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Stroffolini
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni, 5, Negrar, 37024 Verona, Italy
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Long J, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yuan C. Percutaneous thermal ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Efficacy and survival. Front Oncol 2022; 12:978614. [PMID: 36212462 PMCID: PMC9539218 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.978614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and survival of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) -related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing percutaneous thermal ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods A total of 83 HCV-related HCC patients who were treated with percutaneous thermal ablation combined with TACE were retrospectively analyzed. The demographic and clinical data were collected. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) rates were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess independent risk factors of OS and RFS. Results 92.8% patients (77/83) and 96.6% (170/176) tumor lesions achieved complete response (CR) 1 month after all treatment, and 10.8% (9/83) patients had minor complications. The median OS was 60 months (95% confidence interval (CI)= 48.0-72.0), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- and 10-year cumulative OS rates were 94%, 78.3%, 72.3%, 43.4% and 27.5%, respectively. The cumulative RFS rates at 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year were 74.7%, 49.3%, 30.7% and 25.3%, respectively. Sex (HR =0.529, P=0.048), ablation result (HR=5.824, P=0.000) and Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (HR=2.725, P=0.011) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (HR =2.360, P = 0.005) and tumor number(HR=2.786, P=0.000) were independent prognostic factors for RFS. Conclusions Percutaneous thermal ablation combined with TACE is a safe and effective treatment for HCV-related HCC. Sex, ablation result and ALBI are significant prognostic factors for OS. AFP and tumor number are significant prognostic factors for RFS.
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Kiyose H, Nakagawa H, Ono A, Aikata H, Ueno M, Hayami S, Yamaue H, Chayama K, Shimada M, Wong JH, Fujimoto A. Comprehensive analysis of full-length transcripts reveals novel splicing abnormalities and oncogenic transcripts in liver cancer. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010342. [PMID: 35926060 PMCID: PMC9380957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes generate transcripts of various functions by alternative splicing. However, in most transcriptome studies, short-reads sequencing technologies (next-generation sequencers) have been used, leaving full-length transcripts unobserved directly. Although long-reads sequencing technologies would enable the sequencing of full-length transcripts, the data analysis is difficult. In this study, we developed an analysis pipeline named SPLICE and analyzed cDNA sequences from 42 pairs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and matched non-cancerous livers with an Oxford Nanopore sequencer. Our analysis detected 46,663 transcripts from the protein-coding genes in the HCCs and the matched non-cancerous livers, of which 5,366 (11.5%) were novel. A comparison of expression levels identified 9,933 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in 4,744 genes. Interestingly, 746 genes with DETs, including the LINE1-MET transcript, were not found by a gene-level analysis. We also found that fusion transcripts of transposable elements and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were overexpressed in HCCs. In vitro experiments on DETs showed that LINE1-MET and HBV-human transposable elements promoted cell growth. Furthermore, fusion gene detection showed novel recurrent fusion events that were not detected in the short-reads. These results suggest the efficiency of full-length transcriptome studies and the importance of splicing variants in carcinogenesis. Genes generate transcripts of various functions by alternative splicing. However, in most transcriptome studies, short-reads sequencing technologies (next-generation sequencers) have been used, leaving full-length transcripts unobserved directly. In this study, we developed an analysis pipeline named SPLICE for long-read transcriptome sequencing and analyzed cDNA sequences from 42 pairs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and matched non-cancerous livers with an Oxford Nanopore sequencer. Our analysis detected 5,366 novel transcripts and 9,933 differentially expressed transcripts in 4,744 genes between HCCs and non-cancerous livers. An analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcripts showed that fusion transcripts of the HBV gene and human transposable elements were overexpressed in HBV-infected HCCs. We also identified fusion genes that were not found in the short-reads. These results suggest that long-reads sequencing technologies provide a fuller understanding of cancer transcripts and that our method contributes to the analysis of transcriptome sequences by such technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kiyose
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Surgery II, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Surgery II, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- Department of Surgery II, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mihoko Shimada
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing Hao Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ali A, Ara A, Kashyap MK. Gut microbiota: Role and Association with Tumorigenesis in Different Malignancies. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8087-8107. [PMID: 35543828 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota has been associated with different cancer and may vary from patient to patient. A specific microbial strain can alter the progression of cancer and therapeutic outcome in response to anti-cancer therapy. The variations in microbiota contributed due to the individual microbiome of the microorganism are responsible for diverse clinical outcomes. The expansion of microbiota subpopulation during dysbiosis can lead to toxin production, inducing inflammation and cancer. The microbiota can be a dual-edged sword because it can be tumor-suppressive or oncogenic in the case of the gut. The transition of cancer cells from early to late-stage also impacts the composition of the microbiota, and this alteration could change the behavior of cancer. Multi-omics platforms derived data from an individual's multi-dimensional data (DNA, mRNA, microRNA, protein, metabolite, microbiota, and microbiome), i.e., individualome, to exploit it for personalized tailored treatment for different cancers in a precise manner. A number of studies suggest the importance of microbiota and its add-in suitability to existing treatment options for different malignancies. Furthermore, in vitro, and in vivo studies and cancer clinical trials suggest that probiotics have driven modulation of gut microbiota and other sites discourage the aggressive behavior and progression of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altamas Ali
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A central University), Jamia Nagar, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Anam Ara
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A central University), Jamia Nagar, 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Stem Cell Institute/Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Panchgaon (Manesar), Gurugram, HR, 122413, India.
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Su R, Dong L, Wang Y, Sa R, Wang Y. Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotype and subtype between Mongolian and Han in Inner Mongolia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29545. [PMID: 35839017 PMCID: PMC11132397 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C is a serious infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV genotypes (GT) and subtypes are closely related to geographical distribution. Studies on the distribution of HCV genotypes can help to understand the regional epidemiology and genotype distribution and provide benefits in the treatment for hepatitis C. To provide information about the distribution of HCV genotypes as well as improved prevention and treatment of hepatitis C, we aimed to classify the distribution of HCV genotypes among Mongolian and Han patients with hepatitis C in Inner Mongolia over the past 5 years. Peripheral blood samples of patients with HCV were collected for gene sequencing. To analyze the HCV genotype distribution and possible influencing factors, we determined the viral load and ratios of various genotypes. We found that the most prevalent genotype in Inner Mongolia was 1b, followed by GT2a, GT3a, GT3b, and GT6a. The prevalence of HCV among Mongolian patients was significantly higher than the prevalence in their Han counterparts (χ2 = 16.64, P = .000). There was no significant difference in viral load according to sex among HCV genotypes. However, the viral load of GT 1b was significantly higher than that of GT 2a (F = 3.51, P = .008). The viral load of GT 1b among ethnic Mongolians was significantly higher than that among Han patients (t = 2.28, P = .044). The present study's findings can serve as a basis for developing a personalized treatment for hepatitis C among patients in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Su
- Clinic Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin district, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Li Dong
- Clinic Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin district, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Clinic Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin district, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Renna Sa
- Clinic Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin district, Hohhot, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Clinic Laboratory of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin district, Hohhot, P.R. China
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10
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The Use of Molecular Dynamics Simulation Method to Quantitatively Evaluate the Affinity between HBV Antigen T Cell Epitope Peptides and HLA-A Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094629. [PMID: 35563019 PMCID: PMC9105472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), a potentially life-threatening liver disease, makes people vulnerable to serious diseases such as cancer. T lymphocytes play a crucial role in clearing HBV virus, while the pathway depends on the strong binding of T cell epitope peptide and HLA. However, the experimental identification of HLA-restricted HBV antigenic peptides is extremely time-consuming. In this study, we provide a novel prediction strategy based on structure to assess the affinity between the HBV antigenic peptide and HLA molecule. We used residue scanning, peptide docking and molecular dynamics methods to obtain the molecular docking model of HBV peptide and HLA, and then adopted the MM-GBSA method to calculate the binding affinity of the HBV peptide–HLA complex. Overall, we collected 59 structures of HLA-A from Protein Data Bank, and finally obtained 352 numerical affinity results to figure out the optimal bind choice between the HLA-A molecules and 45 HBV T cell epitope peptides. The results were highly consistent with the qualitative affinity level determined by the competitive peptide binding assay, which confirmed that our affinity prediction process based on an HLA structure is accurate and also proved that the homologous modeling strategy for HLA-A molecules in this study was reliable. Hence, our work highlights an effective way by which to predict and screen for HLA-peptide binding that would improve the treatment of HBV infection.
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11
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Kitsou K, Iliopoulou M, Spoulou V, Lagiou P, Magiorkinis G. Viral Causality of Human Cancer and Potential Roles of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in the Multi-Omics Era: An Evolutionary Epidemiology Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:687631. [PMID: 34778024 PMCID: PMC8586426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.687631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Being responsible for almost 12% of cancers worldwide, viruses are among the oldest known and most prevalent oncogenic agents. The quality of the evidence for the in vivo tumorigenic potential of microorganisms varies, thus accordingly, viruses were classified in 4 evidence-based categories by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2009. Since then, our understanding of the role of viruses in cancer has significantly improved, firstly due to the emergence of high throughput sequencing technologies that allowed the “brute-force” recovery of unknown viral genomes. At the same time, multi-omics approaches unravelled novel virus-host interactions in stem-cell biology. We now know that viral elements, either exogenous or endogenous, have multiple sometimes conflicting roles in human pathophysiology and the development of cancer. Here we integrate emerging evidence on viral causality in human cancer from basic mechanisms to clinical studies. We analyze viral tumorigenesis under the scope of deep-in-time human-virus evolutionary relationships and critically comment on the evidence through the eyes of clinical epidemiology, firstly by reviewing recognized oncoviruses and their mechanisms of inducing tumorigenesis, and then by examining the potential role of integrated viruses in our genome in the process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kitsou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Immunobiology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory, First Department of Peadiatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Iliopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vana Spoulou
- Immunobiology and Vaccinology Research Laboratory, First Department of Peadiatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gkikas Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Zhang J, Liu X, Zhou W, Lu S, Wu C, Wu Z, Liu R, Li X, Wu J, Liu Y, Guo S, Jia S, Zhang X, Wang M. Identification of Key Genes Associated With the Process of Hepatitis B Inflammation and Cancer Transformation by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:654517. [PMID: 34539726 PMCID: PMC8440810 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the main cause of cancer death worldwide. More than half of hepatocellular carcinoma developed from hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). The purpose of this study is to find the key genes in the transformation process of liver inflammation and cancer and to inhibit the development of chronic inflammation and the transformation from disease to cancer. Methods Two groups of GEO data (including normal/HBV and HBV/HBV-HCC) were selected for differential expression analysis. The differential expression genes of HBV-HCC in TCGA were verified to coincide with the above genes to obtain overlapping genes. Then, functional enrichment analysis, modular analysis, and survival analysis were carried out on the key genes. Results We identified nine central genes (CDK1, MAD2L1, CCNA2, PTTG1, NEK2) that may be closely related to the transformation of hepatitis B. The survival and prognosis gene markers composed of PTTG1, MAD2L1, RRM2, TPX2, CDK1, NEK2, DEPDC1, and ZWINT were constructed, which performed well in predicting the overall survival rate. Conclusion The findings of this study have certain guiding significance for further research on the transformation of hepatitis B inflammatory cancer, inhibition of chronic inflammation, and molecular targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Runping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Zhou H, Jia X, Yang F, Shi P. Long noncoding RNA SATB1-AS1 contributes to the chemotherapy resistance through the microRNA-580/ 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 axis in acute myeloid leukemia. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6403-6417. [PMID: 34516354 PMCID: PMC8806783 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1971508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a hematopoietic cancer with an invasive property. Chemoresistance blunts the therapeutic effect of chemotherapeutics in AML. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in chemotherapy resistance in AML. Transcriptome sequencing in the current study was applied to clarify the differentially expressed lncRNAs between peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AML and normal samples. The expression of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 antisense RNA 1 (SATB1-AS1) and 2ʹ-5ʹ-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 (OAS2) in AML patients was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The relationships among SATB1-AS1, microRNA-580 (miR-580) and OAS2 were investigated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. We observed that SATB1-AS1 and OAS2 were upregulated, while miR-580 was downregulated in AML patients. SATB1-AS1 depletion suppressed proliferation, and enhanced apoptosis and sensitivity of AML cells. Additionally, SATB1-AS1 promoted the expression of OAS2 by acting as a molecular sponge of miR-580 in AML. miR-580 downregulation, OAS2 overexpression and a selective glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inhibitor AR-A014418 abolished the effects of SATB1-AS1 deletion on the chemosensitivity of AML cells. In conclusion, SATB1-AS1 knockdown promotes the sensitivity of AML cells by upregulating miR-580 and downregulating OAS2 through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, providing new insights into the function of SATB1-AS1 as a miRNA sponge in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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14
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Zhang X, Fu Z, Zhang X. TP53 Mutation Related and Directly Regulated lncRNA Prognosis Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4427-4437. [PMID: 34408439 PMCID: PMC8364375 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s321669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose TP53 mutation is the most common genetic variation type in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to illustrate the landscape of genomic alterations and TP53 mutation related and directly regulated lncRNA prognosis markers. Materials and Methods Utilizing the clinical and transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) website, we present the landscape of genomic alterations and RNA differential expression profiles. By analyzing the ENCODE TP53 ChIP-seq data, we get the TP53 chromatin binding profiles. By Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis and ROC analysis, we identify lncRNA prognosis markers. Results TP53 ranks the highest mutation frequency gene and the maximum mutation type of TP53 is Missense Mutation (> 2.5×104). TP53 mutation showed poor clinical outcome among the pathological Stage II and Stage III HCC patients. By differential expression analysis of the TP53 wild type and mutation HCC, we find thousands of misregulated genes, including 699 differential expression lncRNAs (p <0.05, |log2FC| ≥1). Functional enrichment analysis of the misregulated genes shows that TP53 mutation events mainly alter DNA replication, cell cycle and immune response signaling pathways. By estimation of tumor-infiltrating immune cells through CIBERSORT, we find that the TP53 mutation events are significantly correlated with the different proportions of nine immune cells. We then integratively analyze the differential expression lncRNAs in TP53 wild type and mutation groups and the TP53 ChIP-seq binding lncRNAs, and get 112 overlap lncRNAs. By Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and ROC analysis, we identify two lncRNAs (RP4-736L20.3 and SNRK-AS1) that show significant prognosis value. Using the collected HCC samples, we validate the misregulated expression of RP4-736L20.3 and SNRK-AS1. Conclusion The work presents the landscape of genomic variations and two TP53 mutation related and directly regulated lncRNA prognosis markers of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulei Zhang
- Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
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15
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Montella L, Sarno F, Ambrosino A, Facchini S, D’Antò M, Laterza MM, Fasano M, Quarata E, Ranucci RAN, Altucci L, Berretta M, Facchini G. The Role of Immunotherapy in a Tolerogenic Environment: Current and Future Perspectives for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:1909. [PMID: 34440678 PMCID: PMC8393830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to several tumors whose prognoses are radically affected by novel immunotherapeutic approaches and/or targeted therapies, the outcomes of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poor. The underlying cirrhosis that is frequently associated with it complicates medical treatment and often determines survival. The landscape of HCC treatment had included sorafenib as the only drug available for ten years, until 2018, when lenvatinib was approved for treatment. The second-line systemic treatments available for hepatocellular carcinoma include regorafenib, cabozantinib, ramucirumab, and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the median survival remains below 15 months. The results obtained in clinics should be interpreted whilst considering the peculiar role of the liver as an immune organ. A healthy liver microenvironment ordinarily experiences stimulation by gut-derived antigens. This setup elucidates the response to chronic inflammation and the altered balance between tolerance and immune response in HCC development. This paper provides an overview of the mechanisms involved in HCC pathogenesis, with a special focus on the immune implications, along with current and future clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Montella
- ASL NA2 NORD, Oncology Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.M.L.); (E.Q.)
| | - Federica Sarno
- Precision Medicine Department, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Annamaria Ambrosino
- ASL NA2 NORD, Internal Medicine Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.A.); (M.D.); (R.A.N.R.)
| | - Sergio Facchini
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria D’Antò
- ASL NA2 NORD, Internal Medicine Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.A.); (M.D.); (R.A.N.R.)
| | - Maria Maddalena Laterza
- ASL NA2 NORD, Oncology Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.M.L.); (E.Q.)
| | - Morena Fasano
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Ermelinda Quarata
- ASL NA2 NORD, Oncology Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.M.L.); (E.Q.)
| | - Raffaele Angelo Nicola Ranucci
- ASL NA2 NORD, Internal Medicine Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (A.A.); (M.D.); (R.A.N.R.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Precision Medicine Department, “Luigi Vanvitelli” University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.S.); (L.A.)
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- ASL NA2 NORD, Oncology Operative Unit, “Santa Maria delle Grazie” Hospital, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (M.M.L.); (E.Q.)
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16
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Zhao P, Malik S, Xing S. Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in HCV-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Front Oncol 2021; 11:677926. [PMID: 34336665 PMCID: PMC8320331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, which is largely caused by virus infection. About 80% of the virus-infected people develop a chronic infection that eventually leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With approximately 71 million HCV chronic infected patients worldwide, they still have a high risk of HCC in the near future. However, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in chronic HCV infection have not been still fully understood, which involve a complex epigenetic regulation and cellular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize 18 specific gene targets and different signaling pathways involved in recent findings. With these epigenetic alterations requiring histone modifications and DNA hyper or hypo-methylation of these specific genes, the dysregulation of gene expression is also associated with different signaling pathways for the HCV life cycle and HCC. These findings provide a novel insight into a correlation between HCV infection and HCC tumorigenesis, as well as potentially preventable approaches. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection largely causes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide with 3 to 4 million newly infected cases diagnosed each year. It is urgent to explore its underlying molecular mechanisms for therapeutic treatment and biomarker discovery. However, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in chronic HCV infection have not been still fully understood, which involve a complex epigenetic regulation and cellular signaling pathways. Here, we summarize 18 specific gene targets and different signaling pathways involved in recent findings. With these epigenetic alterations requiring histone modifications and DNA hyper or hypo-methylation of these specific genes, the dysregulation of gene expression is also associated with different signaling pathways for the HCV life cycle and HCC. These findings provide a novel insight into a correlation between HCV infection and HCC tumorigenesis, as well as potentially preventable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Zhao
- Guandong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Samiullah Malik
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaojun Xing
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Karadag Soylu N. Update on Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Brief Review from Pathologist Standpoint. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:1176-1186. [PMID: 32844348 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and an important health problem all over the world. Its prognosis is poor. For better patient care, early diagnosis is essential. Although new imaging techniques have a big impact on hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis, histopathological examination is still the gold standard for precise diagnosis. Histopathological evaluation gives exact diagnosis in the meaning of tumor size, histological subtypes, grading, and differential diagnosis from metastasis and other tumors. Immunohistochemistry as a part of diagnostic histopathological technique plays an important role in routine practice. Immunohistochemistry is useful for confirming of hepatocytic origin, supporting hepatocellular malignancy, and differential diagnosis. It also gives prognostic information. There are growing attempts to classify tumors by their molecular genetic signatures. This is also actual for hepatocellular carcinoma. This mini review focuses on the histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma including subtypes; differential diagnosis and immunohistochemistry as an ancillary diagnostic tool, updated or added entities, i.e., combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; small hepatocellular carcinoma; correlation with molecular studies; and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Karadag Soylu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
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18
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Zeisel MB, Guerrieri F, Levrero M. Host Epigenetic Alterations and Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081715. [PMID: 33923385 PMCID: PMC8071488 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although much progress has been made in HCC drug development in recent years, treatment options remain limited. The major cause of HCC is chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Despite the existence of a vaccine, more than 250 million individuals are chronically infected by HBV. Current antiviral therapies can repress viral replication but to date there is no cure for chronic hepatitis B. Of note, inhibition of viral replication reduces but does not eliminate the risk of HCC development. HBV contributes to liver carcinogenesis by direct and indirect effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge of HBV-induced host epigenetic alterations and their association with HCC, with an emphasis on the interactions between HBV proteins and the host cell epigenetic machinery leading to modulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 Mixte CLB, Université de Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69003 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: (M.B.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 Mixte CLB, Université de Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69003 Lyon, France;
| | - Massimo Levrero
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm 1052 CNRS 5286 Mixte CLB, Université de Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69003 Lyon, France;
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Croix Rousse, Service d’Hépato-Gastroentérologie, 69004 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (M.B.Z.); (M.L.)
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Methionine metabolism in chronic liver diseases: an update on molecular mechanism and therapeutic implication. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:280. [PMID: 33273451 PMCID: PMC7714782 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the bicyclic metabolic pathways of one-carbon metabolism, methionine metabolism is the pivot linking the folate cycle to the transsulfuration pathway. In addition to being a precursor for glutathione synthesis, and the principal methyl donor for nucleic acid, phospholipid, histone, biogenic amine, and protein methylation, methionine metabolites can participate in polyamine synthesis. Methionine metabolism disorder can aggravate the damage in the pathological state of a disease. In the occurrence and development of chronic liver diseases (CLDs), changes in various components involved in methionine metabolism can affect the pathological state through various mechanisms. A methionine-deficient diet is commonly used for building CLD models. The conversion of key enzymes of methionine metabolism methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) 1 A and MAT2A/MAT2B is closely related to fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that by intervening related enzymes or downstream metabolites to interfere with methionine metabolism, the liver injuries could be reduced. Recently, methionine supplementation has gradually attracted the attention of many clinical researchers. Most researchers agree that adequate methionine supplementation can help reduce liver damage. Retrospective analysis of recently conducted relevant studies is of profound significance. This paper reviews the latest achievements related to methionine metabolism and CLD, from molecular mechanisms to clinical research, and provides some insights into the future direction of basic and clinical research.
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20
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Nia A, Dhanasekaran R. Genomic Landscape of HCC. CURRENT HEPATOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 19:448-461. [PMID: 33816052 PMCID: PMC8015384 DOI: 10.1007/s11901-020-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality in the world and it has limited treatment options. Understanding the molecular drivers of HCC is important to develop novel biomarkers and therapeutics. PURPOSE OF REVIEW HCC arises in a complex background of chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and liver regeneration which lead to genomic changes. Here, we summarize studies that have expanded our understanding of the molecular landscape of HCC. RECENT FINDINGS Recent technological advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) have elucidated specific genetic and molecular programs involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We summarize the major somatic mutations and epigenetic changes have been identified in NGS-based studies. We also describe promising molecular therapies and immunotherapies which target specific genetic and epigenetic molecular events. SUMMARY The genomic landscape of HCC is incredibly complex and heterogeneous. Promising new developments are helping us decipher the molecular drivers of HCC and leading to new therapies.
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21
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Baskiran A, Akbulut S, Sahin TT, Koc C, Karakas S, Ince V, Yurdaydin C, Yilmaz S. Effect of HBV-HDV co-infection on HBV-HCC co-recurrence in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:869-880. [PMID: 32895876 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of hepatitis D virus (HDV) on hepatitis B virus-hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) co-recurrence in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for HBV alone or HBV-HDV coinfection. METHODS Between 2002 and 2019, 254 HBV-HCC patients underwent LDLT. The patients were divided into two groups after the application of the exclusion criteria: HBV-HCC (Group B; n = 163) and HBV-HDV-HCC (Group D; n = 31). First, the B and D groups were compared in terms of demographic and clinical parameters. Second, patients with (n = 16) and without (n = 178) post-transplant HBV-HCC co-recurrences were grouped and compared in terms of the same parameters. RESULTS Although the risk of HBV-HCC co-recurrence in group D was 4.99-fold higher than in group B, the risk of HBV recurrence alone in group D was 12.5-fold lower than in group B. The AFP (OR = 4.4), Milan criteria (beyond; OR = 18.8), and HDV (OR = 8.1) were identified as the independent risk factors affecting post-transplant HBV-HCC co-recurrence. The Milan criteria (OR = 2.1) and HBV-HCC co-recurrence (OR = 10.9) were identified as the risk factors affecting post-transplant mortality. HBV-HCC co-recurrence developed in 26.5% of patients in Group B and 100% in Group D (OR = 40; p = 0.001). HCC recurrence alone developed in 10% of patients without HBV recurrence in group B and 0% of patients without HBV recurrence in group D (OR = 5.7). CONCLUSION This study showed that the risk of HBV recurrence alone was reduced by 12.5-fold in the presence of HDV; however, the HCC recurrence occurred in all patients with HDV when HBV recurrence developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Baskiran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Tevfik Tolga Sahin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemalettin Koc
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Volkan Ince
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cihan Yurdaydin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University, Elazig Yolu 10. Km, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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