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Chapman LR, Ramnarine IVP, Zemke D, Majid A, Bell SM. Gene Expression Studies in Down Syndrome: What Do They Tell Us about Disease Phenotypes? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2968. [PMID: 38474215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is a well-studied aneuploidy condition in humans, which is associated with various disease phenotypes including cardiovascular, neurological, haematological and immunological disease processes. This review paper aims to discuss the research conducted on gene expression studies during fetal development. A descriptive review was conducted, encompassing all papers published on the PubMed database between September 1960 and September 2022. We found that in amniotic fluid, certain genes such as COL6A1 and DSCR1 were found to be affected, resulting in phenotypical craniofacial changes. Additionally, other genes such as GSTT1, CLIC6, ITGB2, C21orf67, C21orf86 and RUNX1 were also identified to be affected in the amniotic fluid. In the placenta, dysregulation of genes like MEST, SNF1LK and LOX was observed, which in turn affected nervous system development. In the brain, dysregulation of genes DYRK1A, DNMT3L, DNMT3B, TBX1, olig2 and AQP4 has been shown to contribute to intellectual disability. In the cardiac tissues, dysregulated expression of genes GART, ETS2 and ERG was found to cause abnormalities. Furthermore, dysregulation of XIST, RUNX1, SON, ERG and STAT1 was observed, contributing to myeloproliferative disorders. Understanding the differential expression of genes provides insights into the genetic consequences of DS. A better understanding of these processes could potentially pave the way for the development of genetic and pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Chapman
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Clarkson St, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GF, UK
| | - Isabela V P Ramnarine
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GF, UK
| | - Dan Zemke
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GF, UK
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GF, UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GJ, UK
| | - Simon M Bell
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GF, UK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2GJ, UK
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2
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Franco-García A, Gómez-Murcia V, Fernández-Gómez FJ, González-Andreu R, Hidalgo JM, Victoria Milanés M, Núñez C. Morphine-withdrawal aversive memories and their extinction modulate H4K5 acetylation and Brd4 activation in the rat hippocampus and basolateral amygdala. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115055. [PMID: 37356373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modification is a crucial mechanism in several important phenomena in the brain, including drug addiction. Persistence of drug craving and risk of relapse could be attributed to drug-induced epigenetic mechanisms that seem to be candidates explaining long-lasting drug-induced behaviour and molecular alterations. Histone acetylation has been proposed to regulate drug-seeking behaviours and the extinction of rewarding memory of drug taking. In this work, we studied the epigenetic regulation during conditioned place aversion and after extinction of aversive memory of opiate withdrawal. Through immunofluorescence assays, we assessed some epigenetic marks (H4K5ac and p-Brd4) in crucial areas related to memory retrieval -basolateral amygdala (BLA) and hippocampus-. Additionally, to test the degree of transcriptional activation, we evaluated the immediate early genes (IEGs) response (Arc, Bdnf, Creb, Egr-1, Fos and Nfkb) and Smarcc1 (chromatin remodeler) through RT-qPCR in these nuclei. Our results showed increased p-Brd4 and H4K5ac levels during aversive memory retrieval, suggesting a more open chromatin state. However, transcriptional activation of these IEGs was not found, therefore suggesting that other secondary response may already be happening. Additionally, Smarcc1 levels were reduced due to morphine chronic administration in BLA and dentate gyrus. The activation markers returned to control levels after the retrieval of aversive memories, revealing a more repressed chromatin state. Taken together, our results show a major role of the tandem H4K5ac/p-Brd4 during the retrieval of aversive memories. These results might be useful to elucidate new molecular targets to improve and develop pharmacological treatments to address addiction and to avoid drug relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) - Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez-Murcia
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) - Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Fernández-Gómez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) - Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Andreu
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana M Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) - Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) - Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, CEIR Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) - Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain.
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3
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Pu Y, An J, Mo X. Liquid Biopsy in Adverse Neurodevelopment of Children: Problems and Prospects. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2695:337-349. [PMID: 37450130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3346-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders in children have an important impact on the quality of life in the whole life cycle. Severe neurodevelopmental disorders will become a serious social and family burden and an important social and economic problem. The early and middle childhood is the critical period of children's neurodevelopment. Early diagnosis of neurological disorders plays an important role in guiding children's neurological development. Existing monitoring tools lack prenatal and even early assessment of children's neurodevelopment, so reliable biomarkers are conducive to personalized care at an earlier stage. In this review, we will discuss different methods of neurodevelopmental monitoring at different times and the role and evaluation of liquid biopsy in neurodevelopmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Pu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia An
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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Ghafourian M, Mahdavi R, Akbari Jonoush Z, Sadeghi M, Ghadiri N, Farzaneh M, Mousavi Salehi A. The implications of exosomes in pregnancy: emerging as new diagnostic markers and therapeutics targets. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:51. [PMID: 35414084 PMCID: PMC9004059 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell and membranous particles originating from different cell compartments. EVs participate in many essential physiological functions and mediate fetal-maternal communications. Exosomes are the smallest unit of EVs, which are delivered to the extracellular space. Exosomes can be released by the umbilical cord, placenta, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membranes and are involved in angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, and embryo implantation. Also, various diseases such as gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction can be related to the content of placental exosomes during pregnancy. Due to exosomes' ability to transport signaling molecules and their effect on sperm function, they can also play a role in male and female infertility. In the new insight, exosomal miRNA can diagnose and treat infertilities disorders. In this review, we focused on the functions of exosomes during pregnancy. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Ghafourian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Roya Mahdavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Akbari Jonoush
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahvash Sadeghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Science Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Abdolah Mousavi Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Henneman P, Mul AN, Li Yim AY, Krzyzewska IM, Alders M, Adelia A, Mizee MR, Mannens MM. Prenatal NeuN+ neurons of Down syndrome display aberrant integrative DNA methylation and gene expression profiles. Epigenomics 2022; 14:375-390. [PMID: 35232286 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To detect expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) loci within the cerebrum of prenatal Down syndrome (DS) and controls. Material & methods: DNA methylation gene expression profiles were acquired from NeuN+ nuclei, obtained from cerebrum sections of DS and controls. Linear regression models were applied to both datasets and were subsequently applied in an integrative analysis model to detect DS-associated eQTM loci. Results & conclusion: Widespread aberrant DNA methylation and gene expression were observed in DS. A substantial number of differentially methylated loci were replicated according to a previously reported study. Subsequent integrative analyses (eQTM) yielded numerous associated DS loci. the authors associated DNA methylation, gene expression and eQTM loci with DS that may underlie particular DS phenotypical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Henneman
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Adri N Mul
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Yf Li Yim
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Izabela M Krzyzewska
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Adelia Adelia
- Neuroimmunology Research Group & Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Mark R Mizee
- Neuroimmunology Research Group & Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel M Mannens
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, AZ, 1105, The Netherlands
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6
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Biselli JM, Zampieri BL, Biselli-Chicote PM, de Souza JES, Bürger MC, da Silva WA, Goloni-Bertollo EM, Pavarino ÉC. Differential microRNA expression profile in blood of children with Down syndrome suggests a role in immunological dysfunction. Hum Cell 2022; 35:639-648. [PMID: 35060072 PMCID: PMC8773395 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21), results in a broad range of phenotypes. However, the determinants contributing to the complex and variable phenotypic expression of DS are still not fully known. Changes in microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, have been associated with some DS phenotypes. Here, we investigated the genome-wide mature miRNA expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with DS and controls and identified biological processes and pathways relevant to the DS pathogenesis. The expression of 754 mature miRNAs was profiled in PBMCs from six children with DS and six controls by RT-qPCR using TaqMan® Array Human MicroRNA Cards. Functions and signaling pathways analyses were performed using DIANA-miRPath v.3 and DIANA-microT-CDS software. Children with DS presented six differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs): four overexpressed (miR-378a-3p, miR-130b-5p, miR-942-5p, and miR-424-3p) and two downregulated (miR-452-5p and miR-668-3p). HSA21-derived miRNAs investigated were not found to be differentially expressed between the groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed potential target genes involved in biological processes and pathways pertinent to immune response, e.g., toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling, Hippo, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathways. These results suggest that altered miRNA expression could be contributing to the well-known immunological dysfunction observed in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Matos Biselli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lancia Zampieri
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Matos Biselli-Chicote
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Metrópole Digital Institute (IMD), UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Carvalho Bürger
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy and Center for Cell Based Therapy, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika Cristina Pavarino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto , Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM), São José Do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, nº 5416 - UPGEM/Bloco U-6, CEP: 15.090-000, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Corrêa S, Lopes FP, Panis C, Basili T, Binato R, Abdelhay E. miRNome Profiling Reveals Shared Features in Breast Cancer Subtypes and Highlights miRNAs That Potentially Regulate MYB and EZH2 Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710919. [PMID: 34646766 PMCID: PMC8502886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has been extensively studied, as it is one of the more commonly diagnosed cancer types worldwide. The study of miRNAs has increased what is known about the complexity of pathways and signaling and has identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Thus, miRNome profiling could provide important information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in BC. On average, more than 430 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed between BC cell lines and normal breast HMEC cells. From these, 110 miRNAs were common to BC subtypes. The miRNome enrichment analysis and interaction maps highlighted epigenetic-related pathways shared by all BC cell lines and revealed potential miRNA targets. Quantitative evaluation of BC patient samples and GETx/TCGA-BRCA datasets confirmed MYB and EZH2 as potential targets from BC miRNome. Moreover, overall survival was impacted by EZH2 expression. The expression of 15 miRNAs, selected according to aggressiveness of BC subtypes, was confirmed in TCGA-BRCA dataset. Of these miRNAs, miRNA-mRNA interaction prediction revealed 7 novel or underexplored miRNAs in BC: miR-1271-5p, miR-130a-5p, and miR-134 as MYB regulators and miR-138-5p, miR-455-3p, miR-487a, and miR-487b as EZH2 regulators. Herein, we report a novel molecular miRNA signature for BC and identify potential miRNA/mRNAs involved in disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Corrêa
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco P Lopes
- Grupo de Biologia do Desenvolvimento e Sistemas Dinâmicos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tumores, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Thais Basili
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renata Binato
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea (CEMO), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Shi W, Yang F, Dai R, Sun Y, Chu Y, Liao S, Hao B. METTL3-Mediated N6-Methyladenosine Modification Is Involved in the Dysregulation of NRIP1 Expression in Down Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621374. [PMID: 33869171 PMCID: PMC8047211 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a common genetic condition in which a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Intellectual disability is the most common characteristic of DS. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common RNA modification that is implicated in many biological processes. It is highly enriched within the brain and plays an essential role in human brain development. However, the mRNA m6A modification in the fetal brain of DS has not been explored. Here, we report m6A mRNA profiles and mRNA expression profiles of fetal brain cortex tissue from DSs and controls. We observed that the m6A modification in DS brain tissues was reduced genome-wide, which may be due to decreased the m6A methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) protein expression. The nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1/RIP140) is coded by a highly conserved chromosome 21 (Hsa21) gene. Overexpression of NRIP1 is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in DS. The NRIP1 mRNA increased in fetal brain tissues of DS, whereas the m6A modification of the NRIP1 mRNA significantly decreased. METTL3 knockdown reduced the m6A modification of NRIP1 mRNA and increased its expression, and an increase in NRIP1 m6A modification and a decrease in its expression were observed in METTL3-overexpressed cells. The Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that METTL3 regulates NRIP1 expression in an m6A-dependent manner. The decay rate of NRIP1 mRNA was significantly reduced in METTL3-knockdown cells but increased in METTL3-overexpressed cells. We proposed that the m6A modification of NRIP1 mRNA in DS fetal brain tissue is reduced, reducing its transcript degradation rate, resulting in abnormally increased expression of NRIP1, at least partially, in the DS brain. It provides a new mechanism for the molecular pathology of DS and leads to a new insight that may become therapeutically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shi
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Chu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Juvale IIA, Che Has AT. The Potential Role of miRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1338-1355. [PMID: 33774758 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined as a set of abnormal brain developmental conditions marked by the early childhood onset of cognitive, behavioral, and functional deficits leading to memory and learning problems, emotional instability, and impulsivity. Autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Down's syndrome are a few known examples of neurodevelopmental disorders. Although they are relatively common in both developed and developing countries, very little is currently known about their underlying molecular mechanisms. Both genetic and environmental factors are known to increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Current diagnostic and screening tests for neurodevelopmental disorders are not reliable; hence, individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders are often diagnosed in the later stages. This negatively affects their prognosis and quality of life, prompting the need for a better diagnostic biomarker. Recent studies on microRNAs and their altered regulation in diseases have shed some light on the possible role they could play in the development of the central nervous system. This review attempts to elucidate our current understanding of the role that microRNAs play in neurodevelopmental disorders with the hope of utilizing them as potential biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Imtiyaz Ahmed Juvale
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Wang S, Tang X, Qin L, Shi W, Bian S, Wang Z, Wang Q, Wang X, Gu J, Hao B, Ding K, Liao S. Integrative Analysis Extracts a Core ceRNA Network of the Fetal Hippocampus With Down Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 11:565955. [PMID: 33329702 PMCID: PMC7735064 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs)-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network-may play an important role in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interestingly, neuropathological changes that closely resemble AD have been found in nearly all Down syndrome (DS) cases > 35 years. However, few studies have reported circRNA transcriptional profiling in DS cases, which is caused by a chromosomal aberration of trisomy 21. Here, we characterized the expression profiles of circRNAs in the fetal hippocampus of DS patients (n = 8) and controls (n = 6) by using microarray. MiRNA, mRNA expression profiling of DS from our previous study and scRNA-seq data describing normal fetal hippocampus development (GEO) were also integrated into the analysis. The similarity between circRNAs/genes with traits/cell-types was calculated by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). miRanda and miRWalk2 were used to predict ceRNA network interactions. We identified a total of 7,078 significantly differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs, including 2,637 upregulated and 4,441 downregulated genes, respectively. WGCNA obtained 15 hub circRNAs and 6 modules with cell type-specific expression patterns among scRNA-seq data. Finally, a core ceRNA network was constructed by 14 hub circRNAs, 17 DE miRNA targets and 245 DE mRNA targets with a cell type-specific expression pattern annotation. Known functional molecules in DS or neurodegeneration (e.g., miR-138, OLIG1, and TPM2) were also included in this network. Our findings are the first to delineate the landscape of circRNAs in DS and the first to effectively integrate ceRNA regulation with scRNA-seq data. These data may provide a valuable resource for further research on the molecular mechanisms or therapeutic targets underlying DS neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengran Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Tang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Litao Qin
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Shi
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Bian
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaokun Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Gu
- School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keyue Ding
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Liao
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Comparative analysis of the down syndrome hippocampal non-coding RNA transcriptomes using a mouse model. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1259-1265. [PMID: 32946063 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy 21, is the most common human chromosomal disorder. Hippocampal abnormalities have been believed to be responsible for the DS developmental cognitive deficits. Cumulative evidences indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participated in brain development and function. Currently, few was known whether dysregulated ncRNAs existed in DS whether the dysregulated ncRNAs played important pathology roles in DS. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was generating an overview map of the dysregulated ncRNAs in DS, including the microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNAs). DS mouse models are invaluable tools for further mechanism and therapy studies. METHODS The well-studied DS mouse model Dp(16)1/Yey was used in this study as it contains the trisomy of the whole human chromosome 21 syntenic region on mouse chromosomes 16. Hippocampi were isolated from pups of seven-days-old. Libraries for miRNA, lncRNA and circRNAs were constructed separately, and the next generation sequencing method was utilized. RESULTS Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs were reported. Relative few regulating relationship were found between the DE miRNAs and DE mRNAs. LncRNAs originated from the trisomic regions expressed in clusters, but not all of them were 1.5-fold increased expressed. Dramatic DE circular RNAs were found in the DS hippocampus. The host genes of the DE circRNAs were enriched on functions which were well-known impaired in DS, e.g. long-term-potentiation, glutamatergic synapse, and GABAergic synapse. CONCLUSIONS We generated the first DS developmental hippocampal ncRNA transcriptome map. This work laid foundations for further investigations on role of ncRNAs in hippocampal functions.
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12
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Chai M, Su L, Hao X, Zhang M, Zheng L, Bi J, Han X, Gao C. Identification of a thymus microRNA‑mRNA regulatory network in Down syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2063-2072. [PMID: 31257513 PMCID: PMC6691205 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present bioinformatics analysis was performed using a multi‑step approach to identify a microRNA (miR)‑mRNA regulatory network in Down syndrome. miR (GSE69210) and mRNA (GSE70573) data was downloaded and collected from the thymic tissues of both Down syndrome and karyotypically normal subjects and placed in a public repository. Then, weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to screen for miRs and mRNAs associated with Down syndrome. Subsequently, differentially expressed miRs (DEmiRs) and mRNAs/differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified following screening and mapping to RNA data. Bidirectional hierarchical clustering analysis was then performed to distinguish DEmiRs and DEGs between Down syndrome samples and normal control samples. DEmiR targets were retrieved using the miRanda database and mapped to the mRNA module screen by WGCNA. A gene co‑expression network was constructed and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. During WGCNA, a total of 6 miR modules and 20 mRNA modules associated with Down syndrome were identified. Following mapping of these miRs and mRNAs to the miR and mRNA modules screened using WGNCA, a total of 12 DEmiRs and 237 DEGs were collected. Following comparison with DEmiR targets retrieved from the miRanda database, a total of 255 DEmiR‑DEG pairs, including 6 DEmiRs and 106 DEGs were obtained. At expression correlation coefficient >0.9, a total of 231 gene pairs were selected. These gene pairs were enriched in response to stress and response to stimuli following functional annotation and module division. An integrated analysis of miR and mRNA expression in the thymus in Down syndrome is reported in the present study. miR‑30c, miR‑145, miR‑183 and their targets may serve important roles in the pathogenesis and development of complications in Down syndrome. However, further experimental studies are required to verify these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Liju Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Jiabing Bi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
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13
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Down syndrome: Neurobiological alterations and therapeutic targets. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:234-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Prenatal circulating microRNA signatures of foetal Down syndrome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2394. [PMID: 30787377 PMCID: PMC6382869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The altered expression pattern of miRNAs might potentially reflect anomalies related to foetal chromosomal aberrations. The aim of the study was to determine the expression level of miRNAs in plasma of pregnant women with foetal Down syndrome (DS). Out of 198 amniocentesis performed at 15-18 weeks of gestation, within a group of 12 patients with foetal DS and 12 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies, who delivered healthy newborns at term, we examined the expression level of 800 miRNAs using the NanoString technology. Our study revealed that there are 6 miRNAs were upregulated (hsa-miR-15a, hsa-let-7d, hsa-miR-142, hsa-miR-23a, hsa-miR-199, hsa-miR-191) and 7 were downregulated (hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-1915, hsa-miR30e, hsa-miR-1260, hsa-miR-483, hsa-miR-548, hsa-miR-590) in plasma samples of women with foetal DS syndrome. The genes regulated by identified miRNAs are involved in central nervous system development, congenital abnormalities and heart defects. The results of the present study yielded information on DS-specific miRNA expression signature, which can further help to design a panel of miRNAs as a non-invasive test for DS diagnosis. We believe that identified miRNAs may attend in the pathogenesis of DS and would potentially make a significant role for the future preventive therapies.
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Human cytomegalovirus reprogrammes haematopoietic progenitor cells into immunosuppressive monocytes to achieve latency. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:503-513. [PMID: 29588542 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The precise cell type hosting latent human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains elusive. Here, we report that HCMV reprogrammes human haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) into a unique monocyte subset to achieve latency. Unlike conventional monocytes, this monocyte subset possesses higher levels of B7-H4, IL-10 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a longer lifespan and strong immunosuppressive capacity. Cell sorting of peripheral blood from latently infected human donors confirms that only this monocyte subset, representing less than 0.1% of peripheral mononuclear cells, is HCMV genome-positive but immediate-early-negative. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that HCMV promotes the differentiation of HPCs into this monocyte subset by activating cellular signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In turn, this monocyte subset generates a high level of nitric oxide (NO) to silence HCMV immediate-early transcription and promote viral latency. By contrast, the US28-knockout HCMV mutant, which is incapable of activating STAT3, fails to reprogramme the HPCs and achieve latency. Our findings reveal that via activating the STAT3-iNOS-NO axis, HCMV differentiates human HPCs into a longevous, immunosuppressive monocyte subset for viral latency.
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16
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Brás A, Rodrigues AS, Gomes B, Rueff J. Down syndrome and microRNAs. Biomed Rep 2017; 8:11-16. [PMID: 29403643 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years numerous studies have indicated the importance of microRNAs (miRNA/miRs) in human pathology. Down syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent survivable chromosomal disorder and is attributed to trisomy 21 and the subsequent alteration of the dosage of genes located on this chromosome. A number of miRNAs are overexpressed in down syndrome, including miR-155, miR-802, miR- 125b-2, let-7c and miR-99a. This overexpression may contribute to the neuropathology, congenital heart defects, leukemia and low rate of solid tumor development observed in patients with DS. MiRNAs located on other chromosomes and with associated target genes on or off chromosome 21 may also be involved in the DS phenotype. In the present review, an overview of miRNAs and the haploinsufficiency and protein translation of specific miRNA targets in DS are discussed. This aimed to aid understanding of the pathogenesis of DS, and may contribute to the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of the pathologies of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldina Brás
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António S Rodrigues
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Rueff
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Kumar S, Vijayan M, Reddy PH. MicroRNA-455-3p as a potential peripheral biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:3808-3822. [PMID: 28934394 PMCID: PMC6075184 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) as early detectable peripheral biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To achieve our objective, we assessed miRNAs in serum samples from AD patients and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects relative to healthy controls. We used Affymetrix microarray analysis and validated differentially expressed miRNAs using qRT-PCR. We further validated miRNA data using AD postmortem brains, amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and AD cell lines. We identified a gradual upregulation of four miRNAs: miR-455-3p, miR-4668-5p, miR-3613-3p and miR-4674. A fifth miRNA, mir-6722, was down-regulated in persons with AD and mild cognitive impairment compared with controls. Validation analysis by qRT-PCR showed significant upregulation of only miR-455-3p (P = 0.007) and miR-4668-5p (P = 0.016) in AD patients compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of the AD postmortem brains with different Braak stages also showed upregulation of miR-455-3p (P = 0.016). However, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) curve analysis revealed a significant area under curve (AUC) value only for miR-455-3p in the serum (AUROC = 0.79; P = 0.015) and brains (AUROC = 0.86; P = 0.016) of AD patients. Expression analysis of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice also revealed high level of mmu-miR-455-3p (P = 0.004) in the cerebral cortex (AD-affected) region of brain and low in the non-affected area, i.e. cerebellum. Furthermore, human and mouse neuroblastoma cells treated with the amyloid-β(1-42) peptide also showed a similarly higher expression of miR-455-3p. Functional analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs via the miR-path indicated that miR-455-3p was associated in the regulation of several biological pathways. Genes associated with these pathways were found to have a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. An increase in miR-455-3p expression found in AD patients and Aβ pathologies unveiled its biomarker characteristics and a precise role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Biomarker Unit, Garrison Institute on Aging
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience
- Department of Neurology
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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