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Hancock TL, Dahedl EK, Kratz MA, Urakawa H. Synechococcus dominance induced after hydrogen peroxide treatment of Microcystis bloom in the Caloosahatchee River, Florida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123508. [PMID: 38325511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Few field trials examining hydrogen peroxide as a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cHAB) treatment have been conducted in subtropical and tropical regions. None have been tested in Florida, home to Lake Okeechobee and downstream waterways which periodically experience Microcystis bloom events. To investigate treatment effects in Florida, we applied a 490 μM (16.7 mg/L; 0.0015%) hydrogen peroxide spray to a minor bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa on the downstream side of Franklin Lock and Dam in the Caloosahatchee River. Although hydrogen peroxide decreased to background level one day post-treatment, succession was observed in phytoplankton community amplicon sequencing. The relative abundance of Microcystis decreased on day 3 by 86%, whereas the picocyanobacteria Synechococcus became dominant, increasing by 77% on day 3 and by 173% on day 14 to 57% of the phytoplankton community. Metatranscriptomics revealed Synechococcus likely benefitted from the antioxidant defense of upregulated peroxiredoxin, peroxidase/catalase, and rubrerythrin expressions immediately after treatment, and upregulated nitrate transport and urease to take advantage of available nitrogen. Our results indicated hydrogen peroxide induces succession of the phytoplankton community from Microcystis to non-toxic picocyanobacteria and could be used for selective suppression of harmful cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Hancock
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Dahedl
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Kratz
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Urakawa
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA.
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Bhaumik R, Aungkur NZ, Anderson GG. A guide to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence capabilities, as we currently understand them. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1322853. [PMID: 38274738 PMCID: PMC10808757 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1322853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes a wide range of human infections. It causes particularly serious lung infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis, leading to high mortality rates. This pathogen is resistant to most known antibiotics and harbors a plethora of virulence factors, including lytic enzymes and serine proteases, that cause acute infection in host organisms. S. maltophilia also establishes chronic infections through biofilm formation. The biofilm environment protects the bacteria from external threats and harsh conditions and is therefore vital for the long-term pathogenesis of the microbe. While studies have identified several genes that mediate S. maltophilia's initial colonization and biofilm formation, the cascade of events initiated by these factors is poorly understood. Consequently, understanding these and other virulence factors can yield exciting new targets for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory G. Anderson
- Department of Biology, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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da Cruz Nizer WS, Adams ME, Inkovskiy V, Beaulieu C, Overhage J. The secondary metabolite hydrogen cyanide protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa against sodium hypochlorite-induced oxidative stress. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1294518. [PMID: 38033579 PMCID: PMC10687435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The high pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is attributed to the production of many virulence factors and its resistance to several antimicrobials. Among them, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a widely used disinfectant due to its strong antimicrobial effect. However, bacteria develop many mechanisms to survive the damage caused by this agent. Therefore, this study aimed to identify novel mechanisms employed by P. aeruginosa to resist oxidative stress induced by the strong oxidizing agent NaOCl. We analyzed the growth of the P. aeruginosa mutants ΔkatA, ΔkatE, ΔahpC, ΔahpF, ΔmsrA at 1 μg/mL NaOCl, and showed that these known H2O2 resistance mechanisms are also important for the survival of P. aeruginosa under NaOCl stress. We then conducted a screening of the P. aeruginosa PA14 transposon insertion mutant library and identified 48 mutants with increased susceptibility toward NaOCl. Among them were 10 mutants with a disrupted nrdJa, bvlR, hcnA, orn, sucC, cysZ, nuoJ, PA4166, opmQ, or thiC gene, which also exhibited a significant growth defect in the presence of NaOCl. We focussed our follow-up experiments (i.e., growth analyzes and kill-kinetics) on mutants with defect in the synthesis of the secondary metabolite hydrogen cyanide (HCN). We showed that HCN produced by P. aeruginosa contributes to its resistance toward NaOCl as it acts as a scavenger molecule, quenching the toxic effects of NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Ku RH, Li LH, Liu YF, Hu EW, Lin YT, Lu HF, Yang TC. Implication of the σ E Regulon Members OmpO and σ N in the Δ ompA299-356-Mediated Decrease of Oxidative Stress Tolerance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0108023. [PMID: 37284772 PMCID: PMC10433810 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01080-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is the most abundant porin in bacterial outer membranes. KJΔOmpA299-356, an ompA C-terminal in-frame deletion mutant of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia KJ, exhibits pleiotropic defects, including decreased tolerance to menadione (MD)-mediated oxidative stress. Here, we elucidated the underlying mechanism of the decreased MD tolerance mediated by ΔompA299-356. The transcriptomes of wild-type S. maltophilia and the KJΔOmpA299-356 mutant strain were compared, focusing on 27 genes known to be associated with oxidative stress alleviation; however, no significant differences were identified. OmpO was the most downregulated gene in KJΔOmpA299-356. KJΔOmpA299-356 complementation with the chromosomally integrated ompO gene restored MD tolerance to the wild-type level, indicating the role of OmpO in MD tolerance. To further clarify the possible regulatory circuit involved in ompA defects and ompO downregulation, σ factor expression levels were examined based on the transcriptome results. The expression levels of three σ factors were significantly different (downregulated levels of rpoN and upregulated levels of rpoP and rpoE) in KJΔOmpA299-356. Next, the involvement of the three σ factors in the ΔompA299-356-mediated decrease in MD tolerance was evaluated using mutant strains and complementation assays. rpoN downregulation and rpoE upregulation contributed to the ΔompA299-356-mediated decrease in MD tolerance. OmpA C-terminal domain loss induced an envelope stress response. Activated σE decreased rpoN and ompO expression levels, in turn decreasing swimming motility and oxidative stress tolerance. Finally, we revealed both the ΔompA299-356-rpoE-ompO regulatory circuit and rpoE-rpoN cross regulation. IMPORTANCE The cell envelope is a morphological hallmark of Gram-negative bacteria. It consists of an inner membrane, a peptidoglycan layer, and an outer membrane. OmpA, an outer membrane protein, is characterized by an N-terminal β-barrel domain that is embedded in the outer membrane and a C-terminal globular domain that is suspended in the periplasmic space and connected to the peptidoglycan layer. OmpA is crucial for the maintenance of envelope integrity. Stress resulting from the destruction of envelope integrity is sensed by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors, which induce responses to various stressors. In this study, we revealed that loss of the OmpA-peptidoglycan (PG) interaction causes peptidoglycan and envelope stress while simultaneously upregulating σP and σE expression levels. The outcomes of σP and σE activation are different and are linked to β-lactam and oxidative stress tolerance, respectively. These findings establish that outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a critical role in envelope integrity and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hsuan Ku
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Wei Hu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Ching Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bahadur A, Li T, Sajjad W, Nasir F, Zia MA, Wu M, Zhang G, Liu G, Chen T, Zhang W. Transcriptional and biochemical analyses of Planomicrobium strain AX6 from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, reveal hydrogen peroxide scavenging potential. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 36335290 PMCID: PMC9636757 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial mechanisms responsible for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging have been well-reported, yet little is known about how bacteria isolated from cold-environments respond to H2O2 stress. Therefore, we investigated the transcriptional profiling of the Planomicrobium strain AX6 strain isolated from the cold-desert ecosystem in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, in response to H2O2 stress aiming to uncover the molecular mechanisms associated with H2O2 scavenging potential. Methods We investigated the H2O2-scavenging potential of the bacterial Planomicrobium strain AX6 isolated from the cold-desert ecosystem in the Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Furthermore, we used high-throughput RNA-sequencing to unravel the molecular aspects associated with the H2O2 scavenging potential of the Planomicrobium strain AX6 isolate. Results In total, 3,427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Planomicrobium strain AX6 isolate in response to 4 h of H2O2 (1.5 mM) exposure. Besides, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analyses revealed the down- and/or up-regulated pathways following H2O2 treatment. Our study not only identified the H2O2 scavenging capability of the strain nevertheless also a range of mechanisms to cope with the toxic effect of H2O2 through genes involved in oxidative stress response. Compared to control, several genes coding for antioxidant proteins, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were relatively up-regulated in Planomicrobium strain AX6, when exposed to H2O2. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that the up-regulated genes responsible for antioxidant defense pathways serve as essential regulatory mechanisms for removing H2O2 in Planomicrobium strain AX6. The DEGs identified here could provide a competitive advantage for the existence of Planomicrobium strain AX6 in H2O2-polluted environments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02677-w.
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Yang Z, Shi C, Cheng D, Wang Y, Xing Y, Du F, Wu F, Jin Y, Dong Y, Li M. Biomimetic nanomaterial-facilitated oxygen generation strategies for enhancing tumour treatment outcomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1007960. [PMID: 36277398 PMCID: PMC9581162 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1007960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, as a typical hallmark of the tumour microenvironment (TME), has been verified to exist in most malignancies and greatly hinders the outcome of tumour treatments, including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Various approaches to alleviate tumour hypoxia have been reported. Among them, biomimetic nanomaterial-facilitated tumour oxygenation strategies, based on the engagement of human endogenous proteins, red blood cells, the cell membrane, and catalase, are the most impressive due to their excellent tumour active-targeting ability and superior tumour-selective capability, which, however, have not yet been systematically reviewed. Herein, we are ready to describe the current progress in biomimetic nanomaterial-facilitated tumour oxygenation strategies and corresponding improvements in tumour treatment outputs. In this review, the underlying mechanism behind the superior effect of these biomimetic nanomaterials, compared with other materials, on alleviating the hypoxic TME is highlighted. Additionally, the ongoing problems and potential solutions are also discussed.
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FadACB and smeU1VWU2X Contribute to Oxidative Stress-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0204321. [PMID: 35285252 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02043-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria experience diverse stresses induced by host cells during infection and have developed intricate systems to trigger appropriate responses. Bacterial stress responses have been reported to defend against these stresses and cross-protect bacteria from antibiotic attack. In this study, we aimed to assess whether oxidative stress affects bacterial susceptibility to fluoroquinolone (FQ) and the underlying mechanism. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a species with high genetic diversity, is distributed ubiquitously and is an emerging multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. FQs are among the limited antibiotic treatment options for S. maltophilia infection. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 103 S. maltophilia clinical isolates against ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LVX) were determined using the agar dilution method in Mueller-Hinton plates with or without menadione (MD), a superoxide generator. The resistance rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were 40% and 18% in the MD-null group and increased to 91% and 23%, respectively, in the MD-treated group. Of the 103 isolates tested, 54% and 27% had elevated MICs against ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively, in the presence of MD. The involvement of oxidative stress responses in the MD-mediated FQ resistance was further assessed by mutants construction and viability assay. Among the 16 oxidative stress alleviation systems evaluated, fadACB and smeU1VWU2X contributed to MD-mediated FQ resistance. The antibiotic susceptibility test is an accredited clinical method to evaluate bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in clinical practice. However, oxidative stress-mediated antibiotic resistance was not detected using this test, which may lead to treatment failure.
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8
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Vilela PB, Mendonça Neto RP, Starling MCVM, da S Martins A, Pires GFF, Souza FAR, Amorim CC. Metagenomic analysis of MWWTP effluent treated via solar photo-Fenton at neutral pH: Effects upon microbial community, priority pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149599. [PMID: 34467925 PMCID: PMC8573595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of advanced technologies on eliminating antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and resistance genes (ARGs) from wastewaters have been recently investigated. Solar photo-Fenton has been proven effective in combating ARB and ARGs from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent (MWWTPE). However, most of these studies have relied solely on cultivable methods to assess ARB removal. This is the first study to investigate the effect of solar photo-Fenton upon ARB and ARGs in MWWTPE by high throughput metagenomic analysis (16S rDNA sequencing and Whole Genome Sequencing). Treatment efficiency upon priority pathogens and resistome profile were also investigated. Solar photo-Fenton (30 mg L-1 of Fe2+ intermittent additions and 50 mg L-1 of H2O2) reached 76-86% removal of main phyla present in MWWTPE. An increase in Proteobacteria abundance was observed after solar photo-Fenton and controls in which H2O2 was present as an oxidant (Fenton, H2O2 only, solar/H2O2). Hence, tolerance mechanisms presented by this group should be further assessed. Solar photo-Fenton achieved complete removal of high priority Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Substantial reduction of intrinsically multi-drug resistant bacteria was detected. Solar photo-Fenton removed nearly 60% of ARGs associated with sulfonamides, macrolides, and tetracyclines, and complete removal of ARGs related to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. These results indicate the potential of using solar-enhanced photo-Fenton to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance, especially in developing tropical countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela B Vilela
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rondon P Mendonça Neto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara V M Starling
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da S Martins
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna F F Pires
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe A R Souza
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes (GruPOA), Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Alcaraz E, Ghiglione B, Pineda MV, Mangano A, Di Conza J, Passerini de Rossi B. AmpR is a dual regulator in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a positive role in β-lactam resistance and a negative role in virulence, biofilm and DSF production. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103917. [PMID: 34890712 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia intrinsic resistance to β-lactams is mediated by two chromosomal β-lactamases, L1 and L2, whose induction depends on AmpR. Its quorum sensing (QS) signal, the diffusible signal factor (DSF), has a positive role in biofilm production, virulence and induction of β-lactamases. We hypothesized that AmpR has a role in virulence, biofilm production and QS system. Studies were done on S. maltophilia K279a, K279a ampRFS (ampR deficient mutant) and K279aM11 (constitutively active AmpR mutant). K279a ampRFS showed the highest biofilm biomass, thickness and 3D organization. Conversely, K279aM11 was the least efficient biofilm former strain. qRT-PCR showed that spgM, related to biofilm formation and virulence, was upregulated in K279a ampRFS and downregulated in K279aM11. A constitutively active AmpR led to a reduction of DSF production, while K279a ampRFS was the highest producer. Consequently, qRT-PCR showed that AmpR negatively regulated rpfF expression. K279a ampRFS presented the highest oxidative stress resistance, overexpressed sodA gene and showed the highest virulence in the Galleria mellonella killing assay. This is the first evidence of the function of AmpR as a dual regulator in S. maltophilia with a positive role in β-lactam resistance and a negative role in DSF production, biofilm formation, oxidative stress resistance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Alcaraz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina.
| | - Barbara Ghiglione
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Verónica Pineda
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular-CONICET- Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Mangano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular-CONICET- Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Combate de los Pozos 1881, 1245, Argentina.
| | - José Di Conza
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Beatriz Passerini de Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113, Argentina.
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Pedrosa-Silva F, Matteoli FP, Passarelli-Araujo H, Olivares FL, Venancio TM. Genome sequencing of the vermicompost strain Stenotrophomonas maltophilia UENF-4GII and population structure analysis of the S. maltophilia Sm3 genogroup. Microbiol Res 2021; 255:126923. [PMID: 34856482 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Stenotrophomonas maltophilia complex (Smc) is a cosmopolitan bacterial group that has been proposed an emergent multidrug-resistant pathogen. Taxonomic studies support the genomic heterogeneity of Smc, which comprises genogroups exhibiting a range of phenotypically distinct strains from different sources. Here, we report the genome sequencing and in-depth analysis of S. maltophilia UENF-4GII, isolated from vermicompost. This genome harbors a unique region encoding a penicillin-binding protein (pbpX) that was carried by a transposon, as well as horizontally-transferred genomic islands involved in anti-phage defense via DNA modification, and pili glycosylation. We also analyzed all available Smc genomes to investigate genes associated with resistance and virulence, niche occupation, and population structure. S. maltophilia UENF-4GII belongs to genogroup 3 (Sm3), which comprises three phylogenetic clusters (PC). Pan-GWAS analysis uncovered 471 environment-associated and 791 PC-associated genes, including antimicrobial resistance (e.g. blaL1 and blaR1) and virulence determinants (e.g. treS and katG) that provide insights on the resistance and virulence potential of Sm3 strains. Together, the results presented here provide the grounds for more detailed clinical and ecological investigations of S. maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisnei Pedrosa-Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Brazil
| | - Filipe P Matteoli
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Brazil
| | - Hemanoel Passarelli-Araujo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Olivares
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Insumos Biológicos Para a Agricultura (NUDIBA), UENF, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, UENF, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Brazil.
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen of significant concern to susceptible patient populations. This pathogen can cause nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory and bloodstream infections and various other infections in humans. Sources include water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. Studies of the genetic heterogeneity of S. maltophilia strains have identified several new genogroups and suggested adaptation of this pathogen to its habitats. The mechanisms used by S. maltophilia during pathogenesis continue to be uncovered and explored. S. maltophilia virulence factors include use of motility, biofilm formation, iron acquisition mechanisms, outer membrane components, protein secretion systems, extracellular enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. S. maltophilia is intrinsically drug resistant to an array of different antibiotics and uses a broad arsenal to protect itself against antimicrobials. Surveillance studies have recorded increases in drug resistance for S. maltophilia, prompting new strategies to be developed against this opportunist. The interactions of this environmental bacterium with other microorganisms are being elucidated. S. maltophilia and its products have applications in biotechnology, including agriculture, biocontrol, and bioremediation.
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Zhang C, Yan Q, Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Nanoenabled Tumor Oxygenation Strategies for Overcoming Hypoxia-Associated Immunosuppression. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:277-294. [PMID: 35014284 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which initiates or strengthens innate immune responses to attack cancer cells, has shown great promise in cancer treatment. However, low immune response impacted by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a key challenge, which has been found related to tumor hypoxia. Recently, nanomaterial systems are proving to be excellent platforms for tumor oxygenation, which can reverse hypoxia-associated immunosuppression, strengthen the systemic antitumor immune responses, and thus afford a striking abscopal effect to clear metastatic cancer cells. In this review, we would like to survey recent progress in utilizing nanomaterials for tumor oxygenation through approaches such as in situ O2 generation, O2 delivery, tumor vasculature normalization, and mitochondrial-respiration inhibition. Their effects on tumor hypoxia-associated immunosuppression are highlighted. We also discuss the ongoing challenges and how to further improve the clinical prospect of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinglong Yan
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, The Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.,Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Lu HF, Wu BK, Huang YW, Lee MZ, Li MF, Ho HJ, Yang HC, Yang TC. PhoPQ two-component regulatory system plays a global regulatory role in antibiotic susceptibility, physiology, stress adaptation, and virulence in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:312. [PMID: 33054754 PMCID: PMC7559202 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, an opportunistic pathogen, is ubiquitously present in various environments, signifying its high capability of environmental adaptation. Two-component regulatory system (TCS) is a powerful implement to help organisms to survive in different environments. In clinic, treatment of S. maltophilia infection is difficult because it is naturally resistant to many antibiotics, highlighting the necessity to develop novel drugs or adjuvants. Given their critical and extensively regulatory role, TCS system has been proposed as a convincing target for novel drugs or adjuvants. PhoPQ TCS, a highly conserved TCS in several pathogens, plays crucial roles in low-magnesium adaption, polymyxin resistance, and virulence. In this study, we aimed to characterize the role of PhoPQ TCS of S. maltophilia in antibiotic susceptibility, physiology, stress adaptation, and virulence. RESULTS To characterize PhoPQ system, phoP single mutant as well as phoP and phoQ double mutant were constructed. Distinct from most phoPQ systems of other microorganisms, two features were observed during the construction of phoP and phoQ single deletion mutant. Firstly, the phoQ mutant was not successfully obtained. Secondly, the compromised phenotypes of phoP mutant were not reverted by complementing an intact phoP gene, but were partially restored by complementing a phoPQ operon. Thus, wild-type KJ, phoP mutant (KJΔPhoP), phoPQ mutant (KJΔPhoPQ), and complemented strain (KJΔPhoPQ (pPhoPQ)) were used for functional assays, including antibiotic susceptibility, physiology (swimming motility and secreted protease activity), stress adaptation (oxidative, envelope, and iron-depletion stresses), and virulence to Caenorhabditis elegans. KJΔPhoPQ totally lost swimming motility, had enhanced secreted protease activity, increased susceptibility to antibiotics (β-lactam, quinolone, aminoglycoside, macrolide, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim), menadione, H2O2, SDS, and 2,2'-dipyridyl, as well as attenuated virulence to C. elegans. Trans-complementation of KJΔPhoPQ with phoPQ reverted these altered phenotypes to the wild-type levels. CONCLUSIONS Given the critical and global roles of PhoPQ TCS in antibiotic susceptibility, physiology, stress adaptation, and virulence, PhoPQ is a potential target for the design of drugs or adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Feng Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Restaurant, Hotel and Institutional Management, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Kuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zhe Lee
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Jung Ho
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Tsuey-Ching Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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