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Zhang Y, Zeng X, Wu F, Yang X, Che T, Zheng Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wu Z. Adipocyte-Targeted Nanocomplex with Synergistic Photothermal and Pharmacological Effects for Combating Obesity and Related Metabolic Syndromes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1363. [PMID: 39195401 DOI: 10.3390/nano14161363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic which induces a multitude of metabolic disorders. Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting weight loss and improving associated metabolic syndromes in people with obesity. However, current methods of inducing white adipose tissue browning have limited applicability. We developed a nanocomplex pTSL@(P+I), which is a temperature-sensitive liposome (TSL) surface-conjugated with an adipocyte-targeting peptide (p) and loaded with both browning-promoting agents (P) and photosensitizing agents (I). This nanocomplex exhibits adipocyte targeting, as well as synergistic pharmacological and photothermal properties to promote browning. pTSL@(P+I) effectively upregulates UCP1 and COX5B expression by activating the transcription axis of PPARγ/PGC1α and HSF1/PGC1α, thereby promoting white adipose tissue browning and reducing obesity. This novel nanocomplex exhibited a uniform spherical shape, with an average diameter of approximately 200 nm. Additionally, the nanocomplexes exhibited remarkable photothermal properties and biocompatibility. Further, when adipocytes were treated with pTSL@(P+I), their triglyceride content decreased remarkably and intracellular mitochondrial activity increased significantly. When applied to diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice, the nanocomplex exhibited significant efficacy, demonstrating a notable 14.4% reduction in body weight from the initial measurement, a decreased fat/lean mass ratio of 20.8%, and no statistically significant disparities (p > 0.05) in associated side effects when compared to the control group. In summary, implementation of the targeted nanocomplex pTSL@(P+I) to enhance energy expenditure by stimulating white adipose tissue browning offers a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Health Management Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300131, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Tingting Che
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan 250021, China
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Mastrolonardo EV, Llerena P, Lu J, Nunes K, Choi GK, Amin D, Bridgham KM, Campbell D, Philips R, Cognetti DM, Luginbuhl AJ, Curry JM. Obesity and Survival After Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 150:688-694. [PMID: 38958948 PMCID: PMC11223049 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Importance For patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), recent data suggest that obesity has a beneficial effect on survival outcomes in various cancer types. Reports on this association in head and neck cancer are limited. Objectives To compare overall survival (OS) to 5 years and functional outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with ICIs based on pretreatment body mass index (BMI). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective population-based cohort study used data obtained from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network database to identify patients with HNSCC who received ICI treatment between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2023, resulting in a total of 166 patients (83 with BMI of 20.0-24.9 [normal BMI] and 83 with BMI of ≥30.0 [obesity BMI]) after propensity score matching (PSM) for pretreatment medical comorbidities and oncologic staging. Exposure Normal BMI vs obesity BMI. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival and functional outcomes (dysphagia, tracheostomy dependence, and gastrostomy tube dependence) were measured to 5 years after ICI treatment and compared between patients with obesity BMI and normal BMI. Additional analyses compared OS and functional outcomes in the cohort with normal BMI and cohorts with overweight BMI (25.0-29.9) and underweight BMI (<20.0). Results Among the 166 patients included in the PSM analysis (112 men [67.1%]; mean [SD] age, 62.9 [15.4] years), obesity BMI was associated with significantly improved OS at 6 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.31-0.96]), 3 years (HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.38-0.83]), and 5 years (HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.44-0.86]) after ICI treatment, compared with patients with normal BMI. Obesity BMI was also associated with decreased risk of gastrostomy tube dependence at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.21-0.80]), 1 year (OR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.21-0.78]), 3 years (OR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.18-0.65]), and 5 years (OR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.18-0.65]). Obesity was also associated with decreased risk for tracheostomy dependence at 1 year (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.28-0.90]), 3 years (OR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.45-0.90]), and 5 years (OR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.45-0.90]). There were no differences in rates of dysphagia or immune-related adverse events between cohorts at any points. Conclusions and Relevance Using population-level data for patients with HNSCC treated with ICIs, these results suggest that having obesity was associated with improved 6-month, 3-year, and 5-year OS compared with having normal BMI. Additionally, obesity was associated with decreased gastrostomy and tracheostomy tube dependence compared with normal BMI. Further investigation is required to understand the mechanism of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V. Mastrolonardo
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pablo Llerena
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathryn Nunes
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace K. Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dev Amin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly M. Bridgham
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Campbell
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ramez Philips
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David M. Cognetti
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam J. Luginbuhl
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph M. Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Jansen J, Garmyn M, Güvenç C. The Effect of Body Mass Index on Melanoma Biology, Immunotherapy Efficacy, and Clinical Outcomes: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6433. [PMID: 38928137 PMCID: PMC11204248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that a higher body mass index (BMI) might correlate with improved responses to melanoma treatment, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), despite the general association of obesity with an increased risk of cancer and higher mortality rates. This review examines the paradoxical relationship between BMI and clinical outcomes in melanoma patients by exploring molecular links, the efficacy of immunotherapy, and patient survival outcomes. Our comprehensive literature search across the PubMed and Embase databases revealed a consistent pattern: increased BMI is associated with a better prognosis in melanoma patients undergoing ICI treatment. This "obesity paradox" might be explained by the metabolic and immunological changes in obesity, which could enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating melanoma. The findings highlight the complexity of the interactions between obesity and melanoma, suggesting that adipose tissue may modulate the immune response and treatment sensitivity favorably. Our review highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies that consider the metabolic profiles of patients and calls for further research to validate BMI as a prognostic factor in clinical settings. This nuanced approach to the obesity paradox in melanoma could significantly impact treatment planning and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Canan Güvenç
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.J.); (M.G.)
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El-Tanani M, Rabbani SA, Aljabali AA, Matalka II, El-Tanani Y, Rizzo M, Tambuwala MM. The Complex Connection between Obesity and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Implications. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:683-706. [PMID: 38847479 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2361964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as an important global health challenge, significantly influencing the incidence and progression of various cancers. This comprehensive review elucidates the complex relationship between obesity and oncogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of dysregulated signaling pathways as central mediators of this association. We delve into the contributions of obesity-induced alterations in key signaling cascades, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin to carcinogenesis. These alterations facilitate unchecked cellular proliferation, chronic inflammation and apoptosis resistance. Epidemiological evidence links obesity with increased cancer susceptibility and adverse prognostic outcomes, with pronounced risks for specific cancers such as breast, colorectal, endometrial and hepatic malignancies. This review synthesizes data from both animal and clinical studies to underscore the pivotal role of disrupted signaling pathways in shaping innovative therapeutic strategies. We highlight the critical importance of lifestyle modifications in obesity management and cancer risk mitigation, stressing the benefits of dietary changes, physical activity, and behavioral interventions. Moreover, we examine targeted pharmacological strategies addressing aberrant pathways in obesity-related tumors and discuss the integration of cutting-edge treatments, including immunotherapy and precision medicine, into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Arman Rabbani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ismail I Matalka
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yahia El-Tanani
- Medical School, St George's University of London, Tooting, London
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln, UK
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5
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Bader JE, Wolf MM, Lupica-Tondo GL, Madden MZ, Reinfeld BI, Arner EN, Hathaway ES, Steiner KK, Needle GA, Hatem Z, Landis MD, Faneuff EE, Blackman A, Wolf EM, Cottam MA, Ye X, Bates ME, Smart K, Wang W, Pinheiro LV, Christofides A, Smith D, Boussiotis VA, Haake SM, Beckermann KE, Wellen KE, Reinhart-King CA, Serezani CH, Lee CH, Aubrey C, Chen H, Rathmell WK, Hasty AH, Rathmell JC. Obesity induces PD-1 on macrophages to suppress anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2024; 630:968-975. [PMID: 38867043 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a leading risk factor for progression and metastasis of many cancers1,2, yet can in some cases enhance survival3-5 and responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies, including anti-PD-1, which targets PD-1 (encoded by PDCD1), an inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells6-8. Although obesity promotes chronic inflammation, the role of the immune system in the obesity-cancer connection and immunotherapy remains unclear. It has been shown that in addition to T cells, macrophages can express PD-19-12. Here we found that obesity selectively induced PD-1 expression on tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Type I inflammatory cytokines and molecules linked to obesity, including interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor, leptin, insulin and palmitate, induced macrophage PD-1 expression in an mTORC1- and glycolysis-dependent manner. PD-1 then provided negative feedback to TAMs that suppressed glycolysis, phagocytosis and T cell stimulatory potential. Conversely, PD-1 blockade increased the level of macrophage glycolysis, which was essential for PD-1 inhibition to augment TAM expression of CD86 and major histocompatibility complex I and II molecules and ability to activate T cells. Myeloid-specific PD-1 deficiency slowed tumour growth, enhanced TAM glycolysis and antigen-presentation capability, and led to increased CD8+ T cell activity with a reduced level of markers of exhaustion. These findings show that obesity-associated metabolic signalling and inflammatory cues cause TAMs to induce PD-1 expression, which then drives a TAM-specific feedback mechanism that impairs tumour immune surveillance. This may contribute to increased cancer risk yet improved response to PD-1 immunotherapy in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melissa M Wolf
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gian Luca Lupica-Tondo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley I Reinfeld
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily N Arner
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma S Hathaway
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - KayLee K Steiner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gabriel A Needle
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zaid Hatem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madelyn D Landis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eden E Faneuff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elysa M Wolf
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madison E Bates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyra Smart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura V Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - DuPreez Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M Haake
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn E Beckermann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christa Aubrey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heidi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Xiao YL, Gong Y, Qi YJ, Shao ZM, Jiang YZ. Effects of dietary intervention on human diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:59. [PMID: 38462638 PMCID: PMC10925609 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet, serving as a vital source of nutrients, exerts a profound influence on human health and disease progression. Recently, dietary interventions have emerged as promising adjunctive treatment strategies not only for cancer but also for neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. These interventions have demonstrated substantial potential in modulating metabolism, disease trajectory, and therapeutic responses. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignant progression, and a deeper understanding of this phenomenon in tumors and its effects on immune regulation is a significant challenge that impedes cancer eradication. Dietary intake, as a key environmental factor, can influence tumor metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary interventions might affect the nutrient availability in tumors, thereby increasing the efficacy of cancer treatments. However, the intricate interplay between dietary interventions and the pathogenesis of cancer and other diseases is complex. Despite encouraging results, the mechanisms underlying diet-based therapeutic strategies remain largely unexplored, often resulting in underutilization in disease management. In this review, we aim to illuminate the potential effects of various dietary interventions, including calorie restriction, fasting-mimicking diet, ketogenic diet, protein restriction diet, high-salt diet, high-fat diet, and high-fiber diet, on cancer and the aforementioned diseases. We explore the multifaceted impacts of these dietary interventions, encompassing their immunomodulatory effects, other biological impacts, and underlying molecular mechanisms. This review offers valuable insights into the potential application of these dietary interventions as adjunctive therapies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying-Jia Qi
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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7
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Mitchelson KAJ, O’Connell F, O’Sullivan J, Roche HM. Obesity, Dietary Fats, and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk-Potential Mechanisms Relating to Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation. Metabolites 2024; 14:42. [PMID: 38248845 PMCID: PMC10821017 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major driving factor in the incidence, progression, and poor treatment response in gastrointestinal cancers. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of obesity and its resulting metabolic perturbations across four gastrointestinal cancer types, namely, oesophageal, gastric, liver, and colorectal cancer. Importantly, not all obese phenotypes are equal. Obese adipose tissue heterogeneity depends on the location, structure, cellular profile (including resident immune cell populations), and dietary fatty acid intake. We discuss whether adipose heterogeneity impacts the tumorigenic environment. Dietary fat quality, in particular saturated fatty acids, promotes a hypertrophic, pro-inflammatory adipose profile, in contrast to monounsaturated fatty acids, resulting in a hyperplastic, less inflammatory adipose phenotype. The purpose of this review is to examine the impact of obesity, including dietary fat quality, on adipose tissue biology and oncogenesis, specifically focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammatory mechanisms. This is achieved with a particular focus on gastrointestinal cancers as exemplar models of obesity-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. J. Mitchelson
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 H1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James’s Cancer Institute and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M. Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, UCD Institute of Food and Health, and School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 H1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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8
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Li Y, Jiang B, Zeng L, Tang Y, Qi X, Wan Z, Feng W, Xie L, He R, Zhu H, Wu Y. Adipocyte-derived exosomes promote the progression of triple-negative breast cancer through circCRIM1-dependent OGA activation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117266. [PMID: 37775001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an escalating morbidity and a dismal prognosis. Obesity has been reported to be strongly linked to adverse TNBC outcomes. Exosomes (Exos) transport RNA and proteins between cells and serve as intermediaries for cell-to-cell communication. Accumulated evidence suggests that adipose-secreted circular RNAs (circRNAs) can modulate protein glycosylation in TNBC to facilitate tumor cell outgrowth. Herein, exo-circCRIM1 expression was found to be elevated in TNBC patients with a high body fat percentage. Functional experiments demonstrated that by inhibiting miR-503-5p, exo-circCRIM1 enhanced TNBC evolution and metastasis while activating glycosylation hydrolase OGA. Furthermore, OGA negatively regulates FBP1 by decreasing its protein stability. Moreover, the levels of OGA and FBP1 were positively related to the infiltration level of some immune cells in TNBC. These findings indicate that exo-cirCRIM1 secreted by adipocytes contributes to TNBC progression by inhibiting miR-503-5p and activating the OGA/FBP1 signaling pathway. The findings reveal a novel intercellular signaling pathway mediated by adipose-derived exosomes and suggest that treatment targeting the secreted exosome-circCRIM1 may reverse TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Lijun Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuanbin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaowen Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhixing Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Wenjie Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Liming Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yimou Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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9
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Ren L, Xu T, Ren Y, Liu P. The obesity paradox in multiple myeloma: A report from Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) dataset. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21400-21407. [PMID: 37930099 PMCID: PMC10726779 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for multiple myeloma (MM). However, we still lack knowledge on the clinical course of obese MM patients in a broad view. METHODS Here, we reviewed 568 MM patients recorded in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) coMMpass dataset. Patients were divided into the normal and obese groups according body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis, and then the baseline characteristics, cytogenetic abnormalities, treatment variability, and survival outcomes were evaluated in the obese cohort. RESULTS We found no differences in the characteristics when comparing normal and obese MM patients other than more male in the obese part (50.4% vs. 59.9%, p = 0.024). Compared with the normal BMI patients, median overall survival (OS) was shorter for obese MM patients but without significant meaning (82.3 vs. 95.3 months, p = 0.25). However, in the subgroup analysis, obese MM patients younger than 65 years had significantly inferior OS than that in the normal category (p = 0.047). We also found obese MM patients had a higher overall response rate (ORR) compared with normal BMI patients (92.7% vs. 88.6%, p = 0.037). Additionally, obese patients seemed to achieve faster best response during first-line therapy. CONCLUSIONS Obesity assumes a paradoxical function in the clinical trajectory of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ren
- Department of HematologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Tianhong Xu
- Department of HematologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- Department of HematologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of HematologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
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10
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Tao J, Fang J, Chen L, Liang C, Chen B, Wang Z, Wu Y, Zhang J. Increased adipose tissue is associated with improved overall survival, independent of skeletal muscle mass in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2591-2601. [PMID: 37724690 PMCID: PMC10751412 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of non-cancer-related prognostic factors, such as body composition, has gained extensive attention in oncological research. Compared with sarcopenia, the prognostic significance of adipose tissue for overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer remains unclear. We investigated the prognostic value of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS This retrospective study included 4434 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer between January 2014 and December 2016. Cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat were measured, and the pericardial fat volume was automatically calculated. The skeletal muscle index and subcutaneous fat index were calculated as skeletal muscle area and subcutaneous fat area divided by height squared, respectively, and the pericardial fat index was calculated as pericardial fat volume divided by body surface area. The association between body composition and outcomes was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 750 patients (501 males [66.8%] and 249 females [33.2%]; mean age, 60.9 ± 9.8 years) were included. Sarcopenia (60.8% vs. 52.7%; P < 0.001), decreased subcutaneous fat index (51.4% vs. 25.2%; P < 0.001) and decreased pericardial fat index (55.4% vs. 16.5%; P < 0.001) were more commonly found in the deceased group than survived group. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for clinical variables, increased subcutaneous fat index (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47-0.66, P < 0.001) and increased pericardial fat index (HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.40-0.56, P < 0.001) were associated with longer overall survival. For stage I-III patients, increased subcutaneous fat index (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48-0.76, P < 0.001) and increased pericardial fat index (HR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34-0.54, P < 0.001) were associated with better 5-year overall survival rate. Similar results were recorded in stage IV patients. For patients with surgery, the prognostic value of increased subcutaneous fat index (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.80, P = 0.001) and increased pericardial fat index (HR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.38-0.68, P < 0.001) remained and predicted favourable overall survival. Non-surgical patients showed similar results as surgical patients. No association was noted between sarcopenia and overall survival (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased subcutaneous fat index and pericardial fat index were associated with a higher 5-year overall survival rate, independent of sarcopenia, in non-small cell lung cancer and may indicate a reduced risk of non-cancer-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Tao
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Jiayang Fang
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Changyu Liang
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Bohui Chen
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Department of radiotherapyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of RadiologyChongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education (Chongqing University)Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer HospitalChongqingP.R. China
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11
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He Z, Zhang J, Huang W. Diagnostic role and immune correlates of programmed cell death-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20509. [PMID: 37993470 PMCID: PMC10665317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is thought to have multiple roles in tumors. Here, the roles of PCD-related genes were comprehensively analyzed to evaluate their values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis and prognosis. Gene expression and single-cell data of HCC patients, and PCD-related genes were collected from public databases. The diagnostic and prognostic roles of differentially expressed PCD-related genes in HCC were explored by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Single-cell data were further analyzed for the immune cells and expression of feature genes. Finally, we evaluated the expression of genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and the proportion of immune cells was detected by flow cytometry in HCC samples. We obtained 52 differentially expressed PCD-related genes in HCC, based on which the consensus clustering analysis cluster 2 was found to have a worse prognosis than cluster 1. Then 10 feature genes were identified using LASSO analysis, and programmed cell death index (PCDI) was calculated to divided HCC patients into high-PCDI and low-PCDI groups. Worse prognosis was observed in high-PCDI group. Cox regression analysis showed that PCDI is an independent prognostic risk factor for HCC patients. Additionally, SERPINE1 and G6PD of feature genes significantly affect patient survival. Macrophages and Tregs were significantly positively correlated with PCDI. G6PD mainly expressed in macrophages, SERPINE1 mainly expressed in fibroblast. The experimental results confirmed the high expression of SERPINE1 and G6PD in HCC compared with the control, and the infiltration level of macrophages and Treg in HCC was also obviously elevated. PCDI may be a new predictor for the diagnosis of patients with HCC. The association of SERPINE1 and G6PD with the immune environment will provide new clues for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanao He
- Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, 830011, China
| | - Wukui Huang
- Department of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830011, China.
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12
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Zamboni WC, Charlab R, Burckart GJ, Stewart CF. Effect of Obesity on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Anticancer Agents. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63 Suppl 2:S85-S102. [PMID: 37942904 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
An objective of the Precision Medicine Initiative, launched in 2015 by the US Food and Drug Administration and National Institutes of Health, is to optimize and individualize dosing of drugs, especially anticancer agents, with high pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recently reported that 40% of obese patients receive insufficient chemotherapy doses and exposures, which may lead to reduced efficacy, and recommended pharmacokinetic studies to guide appropriate dosing in these patients. These issues will only increase in importance as the incidence of obesity in the population increases. This publication reviews the effects of obesity on (1) tumor biology, development of cancer, and antitumor response; (2) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of small-molecule anticancer drugs; and (3) pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of complex anticancer drugs, such as carrier-mediated agents and biologics. These topics are not only important from a scientific research perspective but also from a drug development and regulator perspective. Thus, it is important to evaluate the effects of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents in all categories of body habitus and especially in patients who are obese and morbidly obese. As the effects of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents may be highly variable across drug types, the optimal dosing metric and algorithm for difference classes of drugs may be widely different. Thus, studies are needed to evaluate current and novel metrics and methods for measuring body habitus as related to optimizing the dose and reducing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability of anticancer agents in patients who are obese and morbidly obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Zamboni
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Caroline Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rosane Charlab
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gilbert J Burckart
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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13
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Zhang T, Li S, Chang J, Qin Y, Li C. Impact of BMI on the survival outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1023. [PMID: 37872469 PMCID: PMC10594865 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ICIs have become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. Currently, PD-L1 is the most widely useful biomarker to predict ICI efficacy, but the sensitivity and specificity are limited. Therefore, the useful predictive biomarkers of ICI efficacy is urgently needed. BMI is an internationally used measure of body health. Obesity may affect ICI efficacy by changing T cell functions. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between BMI and survival outcomes of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify studies that assessed the association between BMI and survival outcomes in patients treated with ICIs. OS was the primary endpoint, and PFS was the secondary endpoint. Random-effect models or fixed-effect models were utilized to combine study effects according to the Cochran Q and I2 tests. RESULTS Nine studies, including 4602 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, that met the inclusion criteria were selected for this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in PFS (HR 0.885; 95% CI 0.777-1.009, p = 0.068) or OS (HR 0.947; 95% CI 0.789-1.137, p = 0.560) between the low BMI group and the high BMI group. However, in the subgroup analysis, compared with normal-weight patients, overweight and obese patients achieved prolonged PFS (HR 0.862; 95% CI 0.760-0.978, p = 0.021) and OS (HR 0.818; 95% CI 0.741-0.902, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Overweight and obese NSCLC patients tend to achieve prolonged survival time with ICI regimens. Further prospective studies are needed to strengthen the association between ICI outcomes and BMI levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Shuluan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Shenzhen Hospital, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Hospital, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
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14
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Rocco D, Della Gravara L, Ragone A, Sapio L, Naviglio S, Gridelli C. Prognostic Factors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4684. [PMID: 37835378 PMCID: PMC10571734 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking into account the huge epidemiologic impact of lung cancer (in 2020, lung cancer accounted for 2,206,771 of the cases and for 1,796,144 of the cancer-related deaths, representing the second most common cancer in female patients, the most common cancer in male patients, and the second most common cancer in male and female patients) and the current lack of recommendations in terms of prognostic factors for patients selection and management, this article aims to provide an overview of the current landscape in terms of currently available immunotherapy treatments and the most promising assessed prognostic biomarkers, highlighting the current state-of-the-art and hinting at future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Della Gravara
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Angela Ragone
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Luigi Sapio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.D.G.); (L.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, “S.G. Moscati” Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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15
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Glassman I, Le N, Asif A, Goulding A, Alcantara CA, Vu A, Chorbajian A, Mirhosseini M, Singh M, Venketaraman V. The Role of Obesity in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:2061. [PMID: 37626871 PMCID: PMC10453206 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) by promoting insulin resistance, increases serum estrogen levels by the upregulation of aromatase, and promotes the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by macrophages. Increased circulating glucose has been shown to activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a significant signaling pathway in breast cancer pathogenesis. Estrogen plays an instrumental role in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers. The role of ROS in breast cancer warrants continued investigation, in relation to both pathogenesis and treatment of breast cancer. We aim to review the role of obesity in breast cancer pathogenesis and novel therapies mediating obesity-associated breast cancer development. We explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer incidence and the mechanisms by which oxidative stress modulates breast cancer pathogenesis. We discuss the role of glutathione, a ubiquitous antioxidant, in breast cancer therapy. Lastly, we review breast cancer therapies targeting mTOR signaling, leptin signaling, blood sugar reduction, and novel immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Glassman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Nghia Le
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Aamna Asif
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Anabel Goulding
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Cheldon Ann Alcantara
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Annie Vu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Abraham Chorbajian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mercedeh Mirhosseini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Corona Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Corona, CA 92882, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA (N.L.); (A.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.M.)
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16
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Seke Etet PF, Vecchio L, Nwabo Kamdje AH, Mimche PN, Njamnshi AK, Adem A. Physiological and Environmental Factors Affecting Cancer Risk and Prognosis in Obesity. Semin Cancer Biol 2023:S1044-579X(23)00093-7. [PMID: 37301450 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity results from a chronic excessive accumulation of adipose tissue due to a long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Available epidemiological and clinical data strongly support the links between obesity and certain cancers. Emerging clinical and experimental findings have improved our understanding of the roles of key players in obesity-associated carcinogenesis such as age, sex (menopause), genetic and epigenetic factors, gut microbiota and metabolic factors, body shape trajectory over life, dietary habits, and general lifestyle. It is now widely accepted that the cancer-obesity relationship depends on the site of cancer, the systemic inflammatory status, and microenvironmental parameters such as levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in transforming tissues. We hereby review recent advances in our understanding of cancer risk and prognosis in obesity with respect to these players. We highlight how the lack of their consideration contributed to the controversy over the link between obesity and cancer in early epidemiological studies. Finally, the lessons and challenges of interventions for weight loss and better cancer prognosis, and the mechanisms of weight gain in survivors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Seke Etet
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Cameroon; Basic and Translational Research Unit, Center for Sustainable Health and Development, Garoua, Cameroon; Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) &Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Center for Sustainable Health and Development, Garoua, Cameroon; Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) &Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armel H Nwabo Kamdje
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Garoua, Cameroon
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States
| | - Alfred K Njamnshi
- Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN) &Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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17
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Golčić M, Simetić L, Herceg D, Blažičević K, Kenđel Jovanović G, Dražić I, Belančić A, Skočibušić N, Palčevski D, Rubinić I, Vlahović-Palčevski V, Majnarić T, Dobrila-Dintinjana R, Pleština S. Analysis of the Gut Microbiome and Dietary Habits in Metastatic Melanoma Patients with a Complete and Sustained Response to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113052. [PMID: 37297014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has improved the prognosis of metastatic melanoma patients, although most patients do not achieve a complete response. While specific gut microbiome and dietary habits might influence treatment success, there is a lack of concordance between the studies, potentially due to dichotomizing patients only into responders and non-responders. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether metastatic melanoma patients with complete and sustained response to immunotherapy exhibit differences in gut microbiome composition among themselves, and whether those differences were associated with specific dietary habits. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed that patients who exhibited a complete response after more than 9 months of treatment (late responders) exhibited a significantly higher beta-diversity (p = 0.02), with a higher abundance of Coprococcus comes (LDA 3.548, p = 0.010), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (LDA 3.392, p = 0.024), and lower abundance of Prevotellaceae (p = 0.04) compared to early responders. Furthermore, late responders exhibited a different diet profile, with a significantly lower intake of proteins and sweets and a higher intake of flavones (p < 0.05). The research showed that metastatic melanoma patients with a complete and sustained response to immunotherapy were a heterogeneous group. Patients with a late complete response exhibited microbiome and dietary habits which were previously associated with an improved response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Golčić
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Luka Simetić
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davorin Herceg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krešimir Blažičević
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Kenđel Jovanović
- Department of Health Ecology, Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-Goranska County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dražić
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Foreign Languages, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Andrej Belančić
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nataša Skočibušić
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dora Palčevski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Igor Rubinić
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vera Vlahović-Palčevski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tea Majnarić
- Community Health Center of Primorsko-Goranska County, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Stjepko Pleština
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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18
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Song R, Liu F, Ping Y, Zhang Y, Wang L. Potential non-invasive biomarkers in tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: response and prognosis prediction. Biomark Res 2023; 11:57. [PMID: 37268978 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically enhanced the treatment outcomes for diverse malignancies. Yet, only 15-60% of patients respond significantly. Therefore, accurate responder identification and timely ICI administration are critical issues in tumor ICI therapy. Recent rapid developments at the intersection of oncology, immunology, biology, and computer science have provided an abundance of predictive biomarkers for ICI efficacy. These biomarkers can be invasive or non-invasive, depending on the specific sample collection method. Compared with invasive markers, a host of non-invasive markers have been confirmed to have superior availability and accuracy in ICI efficacy prediction. Considering the outstanding advantages of dynamic monitoring of the immunotherapy response and the potential for widespread clinical application, we review the recent research in this field with the aim of contributing to the identification of patients who may derive the greatest benefit from ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Song
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengsen Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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19
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To NH, Gabelle-Flandin I, Luong TMH, Loganadane G, Ouidir N, Boukhobza C, Grellier N, Verry C, Thiolat A, Cohen JL, Radosevic-Robin N, Belkacemi Y. Pathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Sequential Chemoradiation Therapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Preliminary, Translational Results from the French Neo-APBI-01 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072030. [PMID: 37046691 PMCID: PMC10092968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy (RT), a novel approach to boost the anticancer immune response, has been progressively evaluated in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer (BC). Purpose: We aimed to evaluate immunity-related indicators of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NACRT) in BC for better treatment personalization. Patients and Methods: We analyzed data of the first 42 patients included in the randomized phase 2 Neo-APBI-01 trial comparing standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and NACRT regimen in locally advanced triple-negative (TN) and luminal B (LB) subtype BC. Clinicopathological parameters, blood counts and the derived parameters, total tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and their subpopulation, as well as TP53 mutation status, were assessed as predictors of response. Results: Twenty-one patients were equally assigned to each group. The pathologic complete response (pCR) was 33% and 38% in the NACT and NACRT groups, respectively, with a dose-response effect. Only one LB tumor reached pCR after NACRT. Numerous parameters associated with response were identified, which differed according to the assigned treatment. In the NACRT group, baseline hemoglobin of ≥13 g/dL and body mass index of <26 were strongly associated with pCR. Higher baseline neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio, total TILs, and T-effector cell counts were favorable for pCR. Conclusion: This preliminary analysis identified LB and low-TIL tumors as poor responders to the NACRT protocol, which delivered RT after several cycles of chemotherapy. These findings will allow for amending the selection of patients for the trial and help better design future trials of NACRT in BC.
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20
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The Adipocyte-Macrophage Relationship in Cancer: A Potential Target for Antioxidant Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010126. [PMID: 36670988 PMCID: PMC9855200 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as a major public health concern with a staggering 39% worldwide prevalence as of 2021. Given the magnitude of the problem and considering its association with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, it does not come as a surprise that obesity is now considered one of the major risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and cancer. Adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity has taken center stage in understanding how changes in its components, particularly adipocytes and macrophages, participate in such processes. In this review, we will initially focus on how changes in adipose tissue upon excess fat accumulation generate endocrine signals that promote cancer development. Moreover, the tumor microenvironment or stroma, which is also critical in cancer development, contains macrophages and adipocytes, which, in reciprocal paracrine communication with cancer cells, generate relevant signals. We will discuss how paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment between cancer cells, macrophages, and adipocytes favors cancer development and progression. Finally, as reactive oxygen species participate in many of these signaling pathways, we will summarize the information available on how antioxidants can limit the effects of endocrine and paracrine signaling due to dysfunctional adipose tissue components in obesity.
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21
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Pan J, Yin J, Gan L, Xue J. Two-sided roles of adipose tissue: Rethinking the obesity paradox in various human diseases from a new perspective. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13521. [PMID: 36349390 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity, as a result of excess fat accumulation, have become a worldwide public health issue. Recent studies have shown that obesity is closely related to many human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in which adipose tissue plays a dual role. In addition to thermal and mechanical insulation and a critical role in energy storage and heat production, adipose tissue is also a highly plastic endocrine and signaling organ that secretes multiple bioactive molecules for inter-organ crosstalk. The phenotypic and biological changes of adipose tissue under pathological conditions, especially in obesity, increase the challenge of deciphering the positive or negative effects of adipose tissue in disease. Despite numerous studies on obesity and adipose tissue, the ambiguous role of adipose tissue on specific organs or tissues in different diseases is not fully understood, and the definite mechanisms remain obscure. In this review, we first summarize the basic biological characteristics of adipose tissue in the physiological state and the abnormal remodeling of adipose tissue during obesity. We then discuss the complex and disparate effects of obesity on various human diseases, with a particular focus on the dual roles and underlying mechanisms of adipose tissue, a quintessential player in obesity, in this process. More importantly, rethinking the causes of the "obesity paradox" phenomenon in diseases from the perspective of adipose homeostasis and dysfunction provides a novel strategy for disease treatment by intervening in fat function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianqiong Yin
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Thoracic Oncology Ward, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Abend Bardagi A, Dos Santos Paschoal C, Favero GG, Riccetto L, Alexandrino Dias ML, Guerra Junior G, Degasperi G. Leptin's Immune Action: A Review Beyond Satiety. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:117-133. [PMID: 36278927 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2129381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines such as leptin, which is one of the most important hormones for controlling satiety, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. This hormone acts in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses since immune cells have leptin receptors from which this hormone initiates its biological action. These receptors have been identified in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and mature immune cells, inducing signaling pathways mediated by JAK/STAT, PI3K, and ERK 1/2. It is known that the bone marrow also contains leptin-producing adipocytes, which are crucial for regulating hematopoiesis through largely unknown mechanisms. Therefore, we have reviewed the roles of leptin inside and outside the bone marrow, going beyond its action in the control of satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abend Bardagi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Dos Santos Paschoal
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ganem Favero
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luisa Riccetto
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Alexandrino Dias
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra Junior
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Degasperi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
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23
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Li R, Dong F, Zhang L, Ni X, Lin G. Role of adipocytokines in endometrial cancer progression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1090227. [PMID: 36578551 PMCID: PMC9791063 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1090227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is considered a significant barrier to increasing life expectancy and remains one of the most common malignant cancers among women in many countries worldwide. The increasing mortality rates are potentially proportional to the increasing obesity incidence. Adipose tissue secretes numerous adipocytokines, which may play important roles in endometrial cancer progression. In this scenario, we describe the role of adipocytokines in cell proliferation, cell invasion, cell adhesion, inflammation, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptotic action. A better understanding of the mechanisms of these adipocytokines may open up new therapeutic avenues for women with endometrial cancer. In the future, larger prospective studies focusing on adipocytokines and specific inhibitors should be directed at preventing the rapidly increasing prevalence of gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Xiuqin Ni
- School of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, China
| | - Guozhi Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China,*Correspondence: Guozhi Lin,
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24
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Exploring the Relationship between Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111150. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major burden for modern medicine, with many links to negative health outcomes, including the increased incidence of certain cancer types. Interestingly, some studies have supported the concept of an “Obesity Paradox”, where some cancer patients living with obesity have been shown to have a better prognosis than non-obese patients. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are malignancies originating from neuroendocrine cells, in some cases retaining important functional properties with consequences for metabolism and nutritional status. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence demonstrating that obesity is both a risk factor for developing NENs as well as a good prognostic factor. We further identify the limitations of existing studies and further avenues of research that will be necessary to optimize the metabolic and nutritional status of patients living with NENs to ensure improved outcomes.
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25
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Parosanu A, Stanciu IM, Pirlog C, Orlov Slavu C, Cotan H, Iaciu C, Popa AM, Olaru M, Moldoveanu O, Catalin B, Nitipir C. Prognostic Models for Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Cureus 2022; 14:e30821. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Lou W, Gong C, Ye Z, Hu Y, Zhu M, Fang Z, Xu H. Lipid metabolic features of T cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:94. [PMID: 36203151 PMCID: PMC9535888 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by discrete changes in metabolic features of cancer and immune cells, with various implications. Cancer cells take up most of the available glucose to support their growth, thereby leaving immune cells with insufficient nutrients to expand. In the relative absence of glucose, T cells switch the metabolic program to lipid-based sources, which is pivotal to T-cell differentiation and activation in nutrient-stressed TME. Although consumption of lipids should provide an alternative energy source to starving T cells, a literature survey has revealed that it may not necessarily lead to antitumor responses. Different subtypes of T cells behave differently in various lipid overload states, which widely depends upon the kind of free fatty acids (FFA) engulfed. Key lipid metabolic genes provide cytotoxic T cells with necessary nutrients for proliferation in the absence of glucose, thereby favoring antitumor immunity, but the same genes cause immune evasion in Tmem and Treg. This review aims to detail the complexity of differential lipid metabolism in distinct subtypes of T cells that drive the antitumor or pro-tumor immunity in specific TME states. We have identified key drug targets related to lipid metabolic rewiring in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshuang Lou
- Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional & Western Medicine, Sanmen Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoju Gong
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221100, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuoni Ye
- Second College of Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Ynayan Hu
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjing Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zejun Fang
- Central Laboratory, Sanmen People's Hospital, 317100, Sanmen, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huihui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, 317000, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Guan B, Huang X, Xia H, Guan G, Xu B. Prognostic value of mesorectal package area in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:941786. [PMID: 36263216 PMCID: PMC9574388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.941786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to explore the most effective inflammation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nutrition markers for survival and pathology complete response (pCR) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Methods A total of 278 patients with LARC undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and radical surgery from 2016 to 2019 were included. The X-tile method was used to select the optimal cutoff points for the mesorectal package area (MPA), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) scores. Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors of disease-free survival (DFS). To discover pCR risk factors, logistic regression analysis was employed. A predictive nomogram for DFS was constructed. Results According to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, the MPA was the only significant predictor for the DFS in patients with LARC. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis demonstrated that groups with higher MPA, PNI, SII, NLR, MLR, and ALI score had improved DFS (all P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the MPA and PNI could accurately predict the pCR in patients with LARC after NCRT. The MPA score and NLR score were found to be independent predictors of DFS after NCRT using Cox regression analysis. Logistical regression analysis demonstrated that the MPA score, PNI score, and pre-NCRT cN stage were all independent predictors of pCR in patients with LARC after NCRT. Recursive partitioning analysis and time-independent ROC curve analysis demonstrated that MPA score was the most important predictor of pCR and prognosis in patients with LARC after NCRT. Conclusions MPA was identified as the most effective marker for MRI, and the prognostic value was further confirmed by time–ROC analysis. More intense adjuvant treatment could be considered for lower–MPA score patients with LARC after NCRT. Obesity in the pelvis encourages the understanding of the prognosis prediction of patients with LARC after NCRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Huang
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huang Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoxian Guan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Benhua Xu, ; Guoxian Guan,
| | - Benhua Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Clinical Research Center for Radiology and Radiotherapy of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Benhua Xu, ; Guoxian Guan,
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28
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Özdemir BC, Gerard CL, Espinosa da Silva C. Sex and Gender Differences in Anticancer Treatment Toxicity: A Call for Revisiting Drug Dosing in Oncology. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac058. [PMID: 35560216 PMCID: PMC9113364 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The practice of oncology has dramatically changed in the last decade with the introduction of molecular tumor profiling into routine tumor diagnostics and the extraordinary progress in immunotherapies. However, there remains an unmet need to explore personalized dosing strategies that take into account the patient's sex and gender to optimize the balance between efficacy and toxicity for each individual patient. In this mini-review, we summarize the evidence on sex and gender differences in toxicity of anticancer therapies and present data on dose reduction and dose discontinuation rates for selected chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Finally, we propose the investigation of body composition (specifically fat-free muscle mass) as a viable approach for personalized treatment dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern 3011, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Camille L Gerard
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Espinosa da Silva
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego 92093, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
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