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Du H, Shao M, Xu S, Yang Q, Xu J, Ke H, Zou L, Huang L, Cui Y, Qu F. Integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis to explore mechanism of Pueraria lobata against pulmonary fibrosis: Involvement of arginine metabolism pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118346. [PMID: 38782311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is a typical medicinal and edible plant with a long application history in China and Southeast Asia. As a widely used traditional medicine, P. lobata exhibits the properties of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antioxidant, relieving cough and asthma. Particularly, the increasing evidence indicates that the P. lobata has the therapeutic effect on fibrotic-related diseases in terms of metabolic regulation. However, the mechanisms of P. lobata on pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has not been thoroughly explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the effect of arginine metabolites of P. lobata against PF model by integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis. It might provide a new idea for the target finding of P. lobata anti-pulmonary fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: saline-treated control group, bleomycin-induced fibrosis group, prednisolone acetate group, P. lobata 3.2 g/kg group and P. lobata 6.4 g/kg group. The therapeutic effect of P. lobata on bleomycin-induced PF in rats was evaluated by clinical symptoms such as lung function, body weight, hematoxylin eosin staining (HE), Masson staining and hydroxyproline assay. Next, the plasma metabolomics analysis was carried out by LC-MS to explore the pathological differences between the group of control, PF and P. lobata-treated rats. Then, the network pharmacology study coupled with experimental validation was conducted to analysis the results of metabolic research. We constructed the "component-target-disease" network of P. lobata in the treatment of PF. In addition, the molecular docking method was used to verify the interaction between potential active ingredients and core targets of P. lobata. Finally, we tested NOS2 and L-OT in arginine-related metabolic pathway in plasma of the rats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Real-time PCR was performed to observe the level of TNF-α mRNA and MMP9 mRNA. And we tested the expression of TNF-α and MMP9 by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Our findings revealed that P. lobata improved lung function and ameliorated the pathological symptoms, such as pathological damage, collagen deposition, and body weight loss in PF rats. Otherwise, the plasma metabolomics were employed to screen the differential metabolites of amino acids, lipids, flavonoids, arachidonic acid metabolites, glycoside, etc. Finally, we found that the arginine metabolism signaling mainly involved in the regulating of P. lobata on the treatment of PF rats. Furtherly, the network pharmacology predicted that the arginine metabolism pathway was contained in the top 20 pathways. Next, we integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology that identified NOS2, MMP9 and TNF-α as the P. lobata regulated hub genes by molecular docking. Importantly, it indicated a strong affinity between the puerarin and the NOS2. P. lobata attenuated TNF-α, MMP-9 and NOS2 levels, suppressed TNF-α and MMP-9 protein expression, and decreased L-OT and NOS2 content in PF rats. These results indicated that the effects of P. lobata may ameliorated PF via the arginine metabolism pathway in rats. Therefore, P. lobata may be a potential therapeutic agent to ameliorated PF. CONCLUSION In this work, we used metabolomics and network pharmacology to explore the mechanisms of P. lobata in the treatment of PF. Finally, we confirmed that P. lobata alleviated BLM-induced PF in rats by regulating arginine metabolism pathway based on reducing the L-OT and NOS2-related signal molecular. The search for the biomarkers finding of arginine metabolism pathway revealed a new strategy for P. lobata in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Meijuan Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Jingping Xu
- School of Physiology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Hong Ke
- School of Physiology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Li Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China
| | - Yanru Cui
- School of Physiology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Fei Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
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Li A, Wu S, Li Q, Wang Q, Chen Y. Elucidating the Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions of Gaseous Mediators in the Context of Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38790620 PMCID: PMC11117599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathological alteration of the repair response, involves continuous organ damage, scar formation, and eventual functional failure in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Unfortunately, clinical practice offers limited treatment strategies, leading to high mortality rates in chronic diseases. As part of investigations into gaseous mediators, or gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), numerous studies have confirmed their beneficial roles in attenuating fibrosis. Their therapeutic mechanisms, which involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation, have been increasingly elucidated. Additionally, novel gasotransmitters like hydrogen (H2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have emerged as promising options for fibrosis treatment. In this review, we primarily demonstrate and summarize the protective and therapeutic effects of gaseous mediators in the process of fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in combating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
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Hansen TS, Karimi Galougahi K, Tang O, Tsang M, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Arystarkhova E, Sweadner K, Bursill C, Bubb KJ, Figtree GA. The FXYD1 protein plays a protective role against pulmonary hypertension and arterial remodeling via redox and inflammatory mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H623-H635. [PMID: 38133617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00090.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) consists of a heterogenous group of diseases that culminate in increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. We sought to investigate the role of FXYD1, a small membrane protein that modulates Na+-K+-ATPase function, in the pathophysiology of PH. We mined online transcriptome databases to assess FXYD1 expression in PH. We characterized the effects of FXYD1 knockout (KO) in mice on right and left ventricular (RV and LV) function using echocardiography and measured invasive hemodynamic measurements under normal conditions and after treatment with bleomycin sulfate or chronic hypoxia to induce PH. Using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and functional assays, we examined the effects of FXYD1 KO on pulmonary microvasculature and RV and LV structure and assessed signaling via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inflammatory pathways. FXYD1 lung expression tended to be lower in samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) compared with controls, supporting a potential pathophysiological role. FXYD1 KO mice displayed characteristics of PH including significant increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, increased muscularization of small pulmonary arterioles, and impaired RV systolic function, in addition to LV systolic dysfunction. However, when PH was stimulated with standard models of lung injury-induced PH, there was no exacerbation of disease in FXYD1 KO mice. Both the lungs and left ventricles exhibited elevated nitrosative stress and inflammatory milieu. The absence of FXYD1 in mice results in LV inflammation and cardiopulmonary redox signaling changes that predispose to pathophysiological features of PH, suggesting FXYD1 may be protective.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to show that deficiency of the FXYD1 protein is associated with pulmonary hypertension. FXYD1 expression is lower in the lungs of people with idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension. FXYD1 deficiency results in both left and right ventricular functional impairment. Finally, FXYD1 may endogenously protect the heart from oxidative and inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Hansen
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Owen Tang
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Tsang
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Perelman School of Medicine, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elena Arystarkhova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kathleen Sweadner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christina Bursill
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Vascular Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kristen J Bubb
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma A Figtree
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Xing Q, Liu X, Liu Z, Yan Q, Hu Y, Li W, Peng K. Elucidating the Mechanism of Buyanghuanwu Decoction Acting on Pulmonary Fibrosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Animal Studies. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1046-1055. [PMID: 37612869 PMCID: PMC11165711 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230823093958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Buyanghuanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a clinically proven prescription effective in treating pulmonary fibrosis (PF), but the molecular mechanism underlying its action remains unclear. The network pharmacology analysis was performed to elucidate the acting substances and related pathways of BYHWD in treating bleomycin (BLM) induced PF mouse. METHODS First, the pharmacologically active components and corresponding targets in BYHWD were identified through the TCMSP database and literature review. Second, PF-related targets were identified through the DisGeNet database. Then, the components-targets network of BYHWD in PF treatment was constructed using Cytoscape. The DAVID database was used for the enrichment analysis of GO terms and KEGG pathways. At last, the therapeutic effect of BYHWD on BLMinduced PF mice were verified, and the mRNA and protein expression of related targets was determined through RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS The core component-target network contained 58 active components and 147 targets. Thirty-nine core targets were mainly involved in the regulation of biological functions and KEGG pathways, such as the positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis and the TNF signaling pathway. These core targets were obtained through enrichment analysis. Moreover, animal studies revealed that BYHWD down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and NOS2 and inhibited NF-κB and p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION The effects of BYHWD on PF mice are therapeutic, and its anti-PF mechanism mainly involves the effects on inflammatory factors and the NF-κB/p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichang Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
- Zhou Honghao Research Institute Xiangtan, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
- Zhou Honghao Research Institute Xiangtan, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Qingzi Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Yixiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Wencan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411100, China
- College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
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May J, Mitchell JA, Jenkins RG. Beyond epithelial damage: vascular and endothelial contributions to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e172058. [PMID: 37712420 PMCID: PMC10503802 DOI: 10.1172/jci172058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease of the lung with poor survival. The incidence and mortality of IPF are rising, but treatment remains limited. Currently, two drugs can slow the scarring process but often at the expense of intolerable side effects, and without substantially changing overall survival. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying IPF is likely to lead to improved therapies. The current paradigm proposes that repetitive alveolar epithelial injury from noxious stimuli in a genetically primed individual is followed by abnormal wound healing, including aberrant activity of extracellular matrix-secreting cells, with resultant tissue fibrosis and parenchymal damage. However, this may underplay the importance of the vascular contribution to fibrogenesis. The lungs receive 100% of the cardiac output, and vascular abnormalities in IPF include (a) heterogeneous vessel formation throughout fibrotic lung, including the development of abnormal dilated vessels and anastomoses; (b) abnormal spatially distributed populations of endothelial cells (ECs); (c) dysregulation of endothelial protective pathways such as prostacyclin signaling; and (d) an increased frequency of common vascular and metabolic comorbidities. Here, we propose that vascular and EC abnormalities are both causal and consequential in the pathobiology of IPF and that fuller evaluation of dysregulated pathways may lead to effective therapies and a cure for this devastating disease.
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Englert N, Burkard P, Aue A, Rosenwald A, Nieswandt B, Friebe A. Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Role of NO-Sensitive Guanylyl Cyclase in Murine Lung. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11661. [PMID: 37511420 PMCID: PMC10380760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disease with limited therapeutic options. Nitric oxide (NO) is suggested to reduce the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC). The exact effects of NO-GC during pulmonary fibrosis are still elusive. Here, we used a NO-GC knockout mouse (GCKO) and examined fibrosis and inflammation after bleomycin treatment. Compared to wildtype (WT), GCKO mice showed an increased fibrotic reaction, as myofibroblast occurrence (p = 0.0007), collagen content (p = 0.0006), and mortality (p = 0.0009) were significantly increased. After fibrosis induction, lymphocyte accumulations were observed in the lungs of GCKO but not in WT littermates. In addition, the total number of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes (p = <0.0001) and neutrophils (p = 0.0047), were significantly higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of GCKO animals compared to WT, indicating an increased inflammatory response in the absence of NO-GC. The pronounced fibrotic response in GCKO mice was paralleled by significantly increased levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in BALF (p = 0.0207), which correlated with the total number of immune cells. Taken together, our data show the effect of NO-GC deletion in the pathology of lung fibrosis and the effect on immune cells in BALF. In summary, our results show that NO-GC has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties in the murine lung, very likely by attenuating TGFβ-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Englert
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Burkard
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Aue
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institut für Pathologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Physiologisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Lee TY, Lu HH, Cheng HT, Huang HC, Tsai YJ, Chang IH, Tu CP, Chung CW, Lu TT, Peng CH, Chen Y. Delivery of nitric oxide with a pH-responsive nanocarrier for the treatment of renal fibrosis. J Control Release 2023; 354:417-428. [PMID: 36627025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) that may cause severe organ dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional gaseous signaling molecule, may inhibit fibrosis, and delivery of NO may serve as a potential antifibrotic strategy. However, major limitations in the application of NO to treat fibrotic diseases include its nonspecificity, short half-life and low availability in fibrotic tissue. Herein, we aimed to develop a stimuli-responsive drug carrier to deliver NO to halt kidney fibrosis. We manufactured a nanoparticle (NP) composed of pH-sensitive poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDPA) polymers to encapsulate a NO donor, a dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC; [Fe2(μ-SEt)2(NO)4]). The NPs were stable at physiological pH 7.4 but disintegrated at pH 4.0-6.0. The NPs showed significant cytotoxicity to cultured human myofibroblasts and were able to inhibit the activation of myofibroblasts, as indicated by a lower expression level of α-smooth muscle actin and the synthesis of a major ECM component, collagen I, in cultured human myofibroblasts. When given to mice treated with unilateral ureteral ligation/obstruction (UUO) to induce kidney fibrosis, these NPs remained in blood at a stable concentration for as long as 24 h and might enter the fibrotic kidneys to suppress myofibroblast activation and collagen I production, leading to a 70% reduction in the fibrotic area. In summary, our strategy to assemble a NO donor, the iron nitrosyl complex DNIC, into pH-responsive NPs proves effective in treating renal fibrosis and warrants further investigation for its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ying Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Teng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Zhu Bei City 302, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chien Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jen Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Peng Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wei Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Te Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Yatera K, Mukae H. Nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Respir Investig 2022; 60:443-445. [PMID: 35589513 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishiku, Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Nagasaki University School of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Respiratory Medicine, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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Shen J, Yu SF, Peng M, Lai DH, Hide G, Wu ZD, Lun ZR. iNOS is essential to maintain a protective Th1/Th2 response and the production of cytokines/chemokines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in rats. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010403. [PMID: 35584107 PMCID: PMC9116669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and a wide range of mammals are generally susceptible to Schistosoma infection, while some rodents such as Rattus rats and Microtus spp are not. We previously demonstrated that inherent high expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), plays an important role in blocking the growth and development of Schistosoma japonicum in wild-type rats. However, the potential regulatory effects of NO on the immune system and immune response to S. japonicum infection in rats are still unknown. In this study, we used iNOS-knockout (KO) rats to determine the role of iNOS-derived NO in the immune system and immunopathological responses to S. japonicum infection in rats. Our data showed that iNOS deficiency led to weakened immune activity against S. japonicum infection. This was characterized by the impaired T cell responses and a significant decrease in S. japonicum-elicited Th2/Th1 responses and cytokine and chemokine-producing capability in the infected iNOS-KO rats. Unlike iNOS-KO mice, Th1-associated cytokines were also decreased in the absence of iNOS in rats. In addition, a profile of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokines was detected in serum associated with iNOS deficiency. The alterations in immune responses and cytokine patterns were correlated with a slower clearance of parasites, exacerbated granuloma formation, and fibrosis following S. japonicum infection in iNOS-KO rats. Furthermore, we have provided direct evidence that high levels of NO in rats can promote the development of pulmonary fibrosis induced by egg antigens of S. japonicum, but not inflammation, which was negatively correlated with the expression of TGF-β3. These studies are the first description of the immunological and pathological profiles in iNOS-KO rats infected with S. japonicum and demonstrate key differences between the responses found in mice. Our results significantly enhance our understanding of the immunoregulatory effects of NO on defensive and immunopathological responses in rats and the broader nature of resistance to pathogens such as S. japonicum. Schistosomiasis is a zoonosis that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. A wide range of mammals, including mice, are permissive hosts of Schistosoma and develop chronic disease characterized by egg-granuloma formation and fibrosis after infection. Rats, on the other hand, are non-permissive hosts and develop efficient immune responses to eliminate the worms. Interestingly, schistosome eggs elicit a dominant Th2 immune response within mouse hosts, whereas rats with schistosomiasis develop a significant Th2 response in the absence of available egg production. The Th2 response in rats seems to play an essential role in the protection of the host against Schistosoma. So far, the factors that lead to the different immune responses to Schistosoma infection in both hosts have not been demonstrated. In this study, our results show that an iNOS-dependent mechanism maintains the function of the immune system in rats by modulating CD4+ T cell-mediated Th1/Th2-associated cytokine responses and chemokine production. Additionally, the absence of iNOS led to slow clearance of parasites, increases in the development of worms, and an exacerbation of granuloma formation and fibrosis in rats. Furthermore, high levels of NO in rats can promote the development of fibrosis induced by inflammation (rapid inflammatory repair). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the difference in iNOS levels between mice and rats is responsible for the different immune responses and outcomes induced by schistosome infection in both hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Department of Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Si-fei Yu
- Clinical Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, P.R. China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - De-Hua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Geoff Hide
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhong-Dao Wu
- Department of Parasitology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (Z-DW); (Z-RL)
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (Z-DW); (Z-RL)
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Exploring breath biomarkers in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice with associative ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 239:123120. [PMID: 34864537 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a common but fatal disease that threatens human health worldwide. Developing effective diagnostic methods is of great importance for the early detection of PF in patients. In this study, bleomycin (BLM) was used in mice to mimic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The exhaled breath of BLM-induced PF, PF plus DDAH1 overexpression, and healthy control mice were analyzed in real-time using a newly developed associative ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry method (AI-TOFMS), which is uniquely sensitive, especially to oxygenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Multivariate data analyses and discriminant modeling analyses revealed that four exhaled compounds, i.e., acrolein, ethanol, nitric oxide, and ammonia, had a strong correlation with PF symptoms. An Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot showed an excellent separation between these three groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for these four compounds distinguished PF mice from healthy controls at 0.989. In addition, the degrees of acute inflammation and fibrosis were assessed with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's Trichrome staining. Finally, combined with pathological characteristics and mRNA expression levels, the formation of the above-mentioned volatile compounds was explored. The obtained experimental results indicated that these four breath compounds, acrolein, ethanol, nitric oxide, and ammonia, were potential exhaled biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Spontaneous pulmonary emphysema in mice lacking all three nitric oxide synthase isoforms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22088. [PMID: 34764368 PMCID: PMC8586362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) derived from the entire NO synthases (NOSs) system have yet to be fully elucidated. We addressed this issue in mice in which all three NOS isoforms were deleted. Under basal conditions, the triple n/i/eNOSs−/− mice displayed significantly longer mean alveolar linear intercept length, increased alveolar destructive index, reduced lung elastic fiber content, lower lung field computed tomographic value, and greater end-expiratory lung volume as compared with wild-type (WT) mice. None of single NOS−/− or double NOSs−/− genotypes showed such features. These findings were observed in the triple n/i/eNOSs−/− mice as early as 4 weeks after birth. Cyclopaedic and quantitative comparisons of mRNA expression levels between the lungs of WT and triple n/i/eNOSs−/− mice by cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) revealed that mRNA expression levels of three Wnt ligands and ten Wnt/β-catenin signaling components were significantly reduced in the lungs of triple n/i/eNOSs−/− mice. These results provide the first direct evidence that complete disruption of all three NOS genes results in spontaneous pulmonary emphysema in juvenile mice in vivo possibly through down-regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, demonstrating a novel preventive role of the endogenous NO/NOS system in the occurrence of pulmonary emphysema.
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12
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Gasotransmitters: Potential Therapeutic Molecules of Fibrotic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3206982. [PMID: 34594474 PMCID: PMC8478550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3206982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as the pathological progress of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen, fibronectin, and elastin deposition, as the regenerative capacity of cells cannot satisfy the dynamic repair of chronic damage. The well-known features of tissue fibrosis are characterized as the presence of excessive activated and proliferated fibroblasts and the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and epithelial cells undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to expand the number of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts thereby driving fibrogenesis. In terms of mechanism, during the process of fibrosis, the activations of the TGF-β signaling pathway, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and inflammatory response play crucial roles in the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts to generate ECM. The deaths due to severe fibrosis account for almost half of the total deaths from various diseases, and few treatment strategies are available for the prevention of fibrosis as yet. Recently, numerous studies demonstrated that three well-defined bioactive gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), generally exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Besides these effects, a number of studies have reported that low-dose exogenous and endogenous gasotransmitters can delay and interfere with the occurrence and development of fibrotic diseases, including myocardial fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, diabetic diaphragm fibrosis, and peritoneal fibrosis. Furthermore, in animal and clinical experiments, the inhalation of low-dose exogenous gas and intraperitoneal injection of gaseous donors, such as SNAP, CINOD, CORM, SAC, and NaHS, showed a significant therapeutic effect on the inhibition of fibrosis through modulating the TGF-β signaling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and delaying the cellular senescence, while promoting the process of autophagy. In this review, we first demonstrate and summarize the therapeutic effects of gasotransmitters on diverse fibrotic diseases and highlight their molecular mechanisms in the process and development of fibrosis.
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MARSH SPENCER, RAUDAT MADELINE, LEFEBER BETHANY, HERNDON LAURABETH, HERBERT HOWARD, MCCALLUM LAURA, SIMIONESCU AGNETA. DYNAMIC BIOREACTOR MODEL TO MIMIC EARLY CARDIAC FIBROSIS IN DIABETES. J MECH MED BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519421500470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia induce tissue injury, activation of cardiac fibroblasts and interstitial and perivascular fibrosis. Myofibroblasts repair the injured tissue by increasing collagen deposition in the cardiac interstitium and suppressing the activity of matrix metalloproteinases. The goal of this study was to find an ideal model to mimic the effect of high glucose concentration on human cardiac fibroblast activation. The profibrotic role of the transforming growth factor-[Formula: see text] (TGF-[Formula: see text]) and the protective modulation of nitric oxide were examined in two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture models, as well as tissue engineering models, that involved the use of cardiac fibroblasts cultured within myocardial matrix scaffolds mounted in a bioreactor that delivered biochemical and mechanical stimuli. Results showed that high glucose levels were potent pro-fibrotic stimuli. In addition, high glucose levels in concert with TGF-[Formula: see text] constituted very strong signals that induced human cardiac fibroblast activation. Cardiac fibroblasts cultured within decellularized myocardial scaffolds and exposed to biochemical and mechanical stimuli represented an adequate model for this pathology. In conclusion, the bioreactor platform was instrumental in establishing an in vitro model of early fibrosis; this platform could be used to test the effects of various agents targeted to mitigate the fibrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- SPENCER MARSH
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - MADELINE RAUDAT
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - BETHANY LEFEBER
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - LAURA BETH HERNDON
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - HOWARD HERBERT
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - LAURA MCCALLUM
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - AGNETA SIMIONESCU
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 507 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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14
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Friebe A, Englert N. NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in the lung. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:2328-2343. [PMID: 33332689 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late 1960s, several labatories identified guanylyl cyclase (GC) as the cGMP-producing enzyme. Subsequently, two different types of GC were described that differed in their cellular localization. Primarily found in the cytosol, nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) acts as receptor for the signalling molecule NO, in contrast the membrane-bound isoenzyme is activated by natriuretic peptides. The lung compared with other tissues exhibits the highest expression of NO-GC. The enzyme has been purified from lung for biochemical analysis. Although expressed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and in pericytes, the function of NO-GC in lung, especially in pericytes, is still not fully elucidated. However, pharmacological compounds that target NO-GC are available and have been implemented for the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. In addition, NO-GC has been suggested as drug target for the therapy of asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Friebe
- Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nils Englert
- Physiological Institute, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Exercise Improves Lung Inflammation, but Not Lung Remodeling and Mechanics in a Model of Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4302608. [PMID: 33123311 PMCID: PMC7586181 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4302608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Moderate aerobic exercise training accelerates the resolution of lung fibrosis in a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether it can inhibit the development of lung fibrosis is unknown. Materials and Methods C57Bl/6 mice were distributed into four groups: Control (Co), Exercise (Exe), Bleomycin (Bleo), and Bleomycin+Exercise (Bleo+Exe). A single bleomycin dose (1.5 UI/kg) was administered orotracheally and treadmill exercise started in the same day, enduring for 4 weeks, 5x/week, 60 minutes/session, at moderate intensity. Lung mechanics, systemic and pulmonary inflammation, and lung remodeling were evaluated. Lung homogenates were used to evaluate the antioxidant status. Results Total cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils numbers, in agreement with IL-6 levels, were higher in the BAL and serum of Bleo group, compared to other groups. In addition, lung levels of LTB4 in Bleo were higher than other groups, whereas SOD activity and nitric oxide levels in exercised groups (Exe and Exe+Bleo) compared to the Bleo group. Lung GPX activity was lower in Bleo and Exe+Bleo groups compared to others. Exe and Exe+Bleo groups also showed higher IL-10 expression by lung macrophages than other groups, whereas TGF-β expression was higher in Exe, Bleo, and Exe+Bleo groups compared to control. CCR7 expression was induced only in the Exe group. However, exercise did not improve lung remodeling and mechanics, or serum and pulmonary levels of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. Conclusion Aerobic exercise training initiated concomitantly with induction of pulmonary fibrosis reduces lung and systemic inflammation but fails to inhibit lung fibrosis and mechanics impairment.
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Cameli P, Bargagli E, Bergantini L, d’Alessandro M, Pieroni M, Fontana GA, Sestini P, Refini RM. Extended Exhaled Nitric Oxide Analysis in Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6187. [PMID: 32867116 PMCID: PMC7503828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a well-known and widely accepted biomarker of airways inflammation that can be useful in the therapeutic management, and adherence to inhalation therapy control, in asthmatic patients. However, the multiple-flows assessment of FeNO can provide a reliable measurement of bronchial and alveolar production of NO, supporting its potential value as biomarker also in peripheral lung diseases, such as interstitial lung diseases (ILD). In this review, we first discuss the role of NO in the pathobiology of lung fibrosis and the technique currently approved for the measurement of maximum bronchial flux of NO (J'awNO) and alveolar concentration of NO (CaNO). We systematically report the published evidence regarding extended FeNO analysis in the management of patients with different ILDs, focusing on its potential role in differential diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and severity assessment of disease. The few available data concerning extended FeNO analysis, and the most common comorbidities of ILD, are explored too. In conclusion, multiple-flows FeNO analysis, and CaNO in particular, appears to be a promising tool to be implemented in the diagnostic and prognostic pathways of patients affected with ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Maria Pieroni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Giovanni A. Fontana
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Rosa Metella Refini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.B.); (L.B.); (M.d.); (M.P.); (P.S.); (R.M.R.)
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Caporarello N, Meridew JA, Aravamudhan A, Jones DL, Austin SA, Pham TX, Haak AJ, Moo Choi K, Tan Q, Haresi A, Huang SK, Katusic ZS, Tschumperlin DJ, Ligresti G. Vascular dysfunction in aged mice contributes to persistent lung fibrosis. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13196. [PMID: 32691484 PMCID: PMC7431829 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease thought to result from impaired lung repair following injury and is strongly associated with aging. While vascular alterations have been associated with IPF previously, the contribution of lung vasculature during injury resolution and fibrosis is not well understood. To compare the role of endothelial cells (ECs) in resolving and non-resolving models of lung fibrosis, we applied bleomycin intratracheally to young and aged mice. We found that injury in aged mice elicited capillary rarefaction, while injury in young mice resulted in increased capillary density. ECs from the lungs of injured aged mice relative to young mice demonstrated elevated pro-fibrotic and reduced vascular homeostasis gene expression. Among the latter, Nos3 (encoding the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS) was transiently upregulated in lung ECs from young but not aged mice following injury. Young mice deficient in eNOS recapitulated the non-resolving lung fibrosis observed in aged animals following injury, suggesting that eNOS directly participates in lung fibrosis resolution. Activation of the NO receptor soluble guanylate cyclase in human lung fibroblasts reduced TGFβ-induced pro-fibrotic gene and protein expression. Additionally, loss of eNOS in human lung ECs reduced the suppression of TGFβ-induced lung fibroblast activation in 2D and 3D co-cultures. Altogether, our results demonstrate that persistent lung fibrosis in aged mice is accompanied by capillary rarefaction, loss of EC identity, and impaired eNOS expression. Targeting vascular function may thus be critical to promote lung repair and fibrosis resolution in aging and IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Caporarello
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meridew
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aja Aravamudhan
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan A Austin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tho X Pham
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyoung Moo Choi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adil Haresi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven K Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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18
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Kseibati MO, Shehatou GSG, Sharawy MH, Eladl AE, Salem HA. Nicorandil ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through modulating eNOS, iNOS, TXNIP and HIF-1α levels. Life Sci 2020; 246:117423. [PMID: 32057902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) is one of the most common anti-cancer drugs used to treat numerous types of tumors. However, pulmonary toxicity is considered the most dramatic effect of BLM. Therefore, BLM has been frequently used for induction of pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicorandil on BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explore the possible mechanisms. BLM was instilled intratracheally into male Sprague-Dawley rats as a single dose (5 mg/kg) and oral nicorandil was given (30 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks after BLM challenge. At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed, and lung histopathology and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Nicorandil therapy attenuated lung inflammation and fibrosis elicited by BLM. Nicorandil significantly reduced total protein content, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and total and differential cell counts. Moreover, nicorandil diminished lung levels of malondialdehyde and total nitrite/nitrate, in addition to increasing lung contents of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. Nicorandil reduced lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contents of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and lung content of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). Besides, nicorandil significantly improved histological lesions and reduced collagen deposition as well as hydroxyproline content. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that nicorandil-treated rats exhibited significant diminutions in protein expression levels of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and enhanced pulmonary protein expression of endothelial NOS (eNOS). In conclusion, these results illustrate the possible potential effects of nicorandil for managing pulmonary fibrosis caused by BLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Kseibati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for science and Technology, Gamasa City, Egypt
| | - Maha H Sharawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Eladl
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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19
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Mehrabani M, Goudarzi M, Mehrzadi S, Siahpoosh A, Mohammadi M, Khalili H, Malayeri A. Crocin: a protective natural antioxidant against pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:992-1001. [PMID: 31997260 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-019-00023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fibrotic lung disease of unknown causes. Given the crucial role of oxidative stress in the progression of IPF, antioxidant therapy may be speculated to be an efficient therapeutic approach. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Crocin as a potent, natural antioxidant against Bleomycin-induced PF in male Wistar rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 received intratracheal saline on day 7 and oral gavage of saline for 28 days. Group 2 received a single dose of Bleomycin on day 7 and oral gavage of saline for 28 days. Groups 3 received a single dose of Bleomycin on day 7, accompanied with oral administration of Crocin for 28 days. Group 4 orally received Crocin for 28 days. Finally, the lungs were removed for measuring the biochemical and histopathological markers. RESULTS The results showed that Crocin therapy remarkably decreased TNF-α, MDA and NO levels in the lungs of Bleomycin-exposed rats. Furthermore, a significant increase was seen in lung GSH content, catalase, and GPx activities in the Crocin/Bleomycin-treated group as compared with Bleomycin-treated group. However, Crocin could not markedly change the lung index and SOD activity. Histopathological changes, fibrosis and hydroxyproline content of lungs also significantly decreased by Crocin therapy in the Crocin/Bleomycin-treated group. CONCLUSION In sum, Crocin therapy could modulate biochemical and histological changes induced by Bleomycin; therefore, it might be considered as an effective therapeutic approach against IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Siahpoosh
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khalili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Malayeri
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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20
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Hanaka T, Kido T, Noguchi S, Yamada S, Noguchi H, Guo X, Nawata A, Wang KY, Oda K, Takaki T, Izumi H, Ishimoto H, Yatera K, Mukae H. The overexpression of peroxiredoxin-4 affects the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:265. [PMID: 31888585 PMCID: PMC6936055 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is life-threatening. Several serum biomarkers, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) and surfactant protein D (SP-D), are clinically used for evaluating AE-IPF, but these biomarkers are not adequate for establishing an early and accurate diagnosis of AE-IPF. Recently, the protective roles of the members of the peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family have been reported in IPF; however, the role of PRDX4 in AE-IPF is unclear. Methods Serum levels of PRDX4 protein, KL-6, SP-D and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 51 patients with stable IPF (S-IPF), 38 patients with AE-IPF and 15 healthy volunteers were retrospectively assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, as an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, wild-type (WT) and PRDX4-transgenic (Tg) mice were intratracheally administered with bleomycin (BLM, 2 mg/kg), and fibrotic and inflammatory changes in lungs were evaluated 3 weeks after the intratracheal administration. Results Serum levels of PRDX4 protein, KL-6, SP-D and LDH in patients with S-IPF and AE-IPF were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers, and those in AE-IPF patients were the highest among the three groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, area under the curve values of serum PRDX4 protein, KL-6, SP-D, and LDH for detecting AE-IPF were 0.873, 0.698, 0.675, and 0.906, respectively. BLM-treated Tg mice demonstrated aggravated histopathological findings and poor prognosis compared with BLM-treated WT mice. Moreover, PRDX4 expression was observed in alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells of BLM-treated Tg mice. Conclusions PRDX4 is associated with the aggravation of inflammatory changes and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of IPF, and serum PRDX4 may be useful in clinical practice of IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Field of Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Aya Nawata
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Keishi Oda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environment Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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21
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Ogoshi T, Tsutsui M, Kido T, Sakanashi M, Naito K, Oda K, Ishimoto H, Yamada S, Wang KY, Toyohira Y, Izumi H, Masuzaki H, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Yatera K, Mukae H. Protective Role of Myelocytic Nitric Oxide Synthases against Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 198:232-244. [PMID: 29480750 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1783oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized by NOSs (NO synthases), plays a role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the role of NO/NOSs in bone marrow (BM) cells in PH remains elusive. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of NOSs in BM cells in PH. METHODS Experiments were performed on 36 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and on wild-type (WT), nNOS (neuronal NOS)-/-, iNOS (inducible NOS)-/-, eNOS (endothelial NOS)-/-, and n/i/eNOSs-/- mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In the patients, there was a significant correlation between higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure and lower nitrite plus nitrate levels in the BAL fluid. In the mice, hypoxia-induced PH deteriorated significantly in the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype and, to a lesser extent, in the eNOS-/- genotype as compared with the WT genotype. In the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype exposed to hypoxia, the number of circulating BM-derived vascular smooth muscle progenitor cells was significantly larger, and transplantation of green fluorescent protein-transgenic BM cells revealed the contribution of BM cells to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Importantly, n/i/eNOSs-/--BM transplantation significantly aggravated hypoxia-induced PH in the WT genotype, and WT-BM transplantation significantly ameliorated hypoxia-induced PH in the n/i/eNOSs-/- genotype. A total of 69 and 49 mRNAs related to immunity and inflammation, respectively, were significantly upregulated in the lungs of WT genotype mice transplanted with n/i/eNOSs-/--BM compared with those with WT-BM, suggesting the involvement of immune and inflammatory mechanisms in the exacerbation of hypoxia-induced PH caused by n/i/eNOSs-/--BM transplantation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that myelocytic n/i/eNOSs play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | - Hiroto Izumi
- 7 Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- 8 Second Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- 9 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Mukae
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine.,3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
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22
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Abstract
Objective: HIV disrupts host defense mechanisms and maintains chronic inflammation in the lung. Nitric oxide is a marker of lung inflammation and can be measured in the exhaled air. We investigated the relationship between exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), HIV status and airway abnormalities in perinatally HIV-infected children aged 6–19 years. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy and HIV-uninfected children with no active tuberculosis (TB) or acute respiratory tract infection were recruited from a public hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. Clinical history was collected and eNO testing and spirometry was performed. The association between eNO and explanatory variables (HIV, FEV1 z-score, CD4+ cell count, viral load, history of TB) was investigated using linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and time of eNO testing. Results: In total, 222 HIV-infected and 97 HIV-uninfected participants were included. Among HIV-infected participants, 57 (25.7%) had a history of past TB; 56 (25.2%) had airway obstruction, but no prior TB. HIV status was associated with lower eNO level [mean ratio 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.65–0.97), P = 0.03]. Within the HIV-infected group, history of past TB was associated with lower eNO levels after controlling for age, sex and time of eNO testing [0.79 (95% CI 0.67–0.94), P = 0.007]. Conclusion: HIV infection and history of TB were associated with lower eNO levels. eNO levels may be a marker of HIV and TB-induced alteration in pulmonary physiology; further studies focused on potential causes for lower eNO levels in HIV and TB are warranted.
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23
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Gao L, Zhang JH, Chen XX, Ren HL, Feng XL, Wang JL, Xiao JH. Combination of L-Arginine and L-Norvaline protects against pulmonary fibrosis progression induced by bleomycin in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108768. [PMID: 30889486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) progression may be involved with arginine (Arg) metabolism and immune balance. The present study aimed to explore the effects of L-Arginine (L-Arg) and L-Norvaline (L-Nor) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in mice, meanwhile, and observe dynamic changes of Arg metabolism, immune balance and crosstalk between them in PF progression. Followed intratracheal instillation of BLM or saline, Kunming mice were treated orally with saline, L-Arg, L-Nor and L-Arg + L-Nor three times a day. And the mice were sacrificed on Day 3, 14 and 28 after treatment. Changes of body weight, lung index, lung hydroxyproline and histopathology were analyzed to evaluate the PF degree. Peripheral blood Arg, Citrulline (Cit), Ornithine (Orn) and Proline (Pro), lung NO, NOS and arginase were analyzed to evaluate the Arg metabolism. Peripheral blood Tregs, Th17 and γδT cells were analyzed to evaluate the immune balance. Our data showed that combination of L-Arg and L-Nor dynamically reversed the weight loss, decreased lung index and hydroxyproline, and improved lung histopathological damages induced by BLM. The combination dynamically and significantly rectified Tregs, Th17, γδT and Tregs/Th17 abnormal changes. Meanwhile, these disorders of peripheral blood Arg, Cit, Orn, Pro, Orn/Cit and Pro/Orn, and lung NO, iNOS and TNOS were also improved accordingly. These results demonstrated that combination of L-Arg and L-Nor had inhibitory effects on BLM-induced PF progression, possibly due to their corrective action on immune imbalance, Arg metabolism disorder and crosstalk abnormality in the progression of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui-Li Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jia-Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jun-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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24
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Friebe A, Voußen B, Groneberg D. NO-GC in cells 'off the beaten track'. Nitric Oxide 2018; 77:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Iyer AKV, Ramesh V, Castro CA, Kaushik V, Kulkarni YM, Wright CA, Venkatadri R, Rojanasakul Y, Azad N. Nitric oxide mediates bleomycin-induced angiogenesis and pulmonary fibrosis via regulation of VEGF. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2484-93. [PMID: 25919965 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease hallmarked by increased fibroblast proliferation, amplified levels of extracellular matrix deposition and increased angiogenesis. Although dysregulation of angiogenic mediators has been implicated in pulmonary fibrosis, the specific rate-limiting angiogenic markers involved and their role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. We demonstrate that bleomycin treatment induces angiogenesis, and inhibition of the central angiogenic mediator VEGF using anti-VEGF antibody CBO-P11 significantly attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Bleomycin-induced nitric oxide (NO) was observed to be the key upstream regulator of VEGF via the PI3k/Akt pathway. VEGF regulated other important angiogenic proteins including PAI-1 and IL-8 in response to bleomycin exposure. Inhibition of NO and VEGF activity significantly mitigated bleomycin-induced angiogenic and fibrogenic responses. NO and VEGF are key mediators of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and could serve as important targets against this debilitating disease. Overall, our data suggests an important role for angiogenic mediators in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan V Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Vani Ramesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Carlos A Castro
- Magee Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivek Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Yogesh M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Clayton A Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Rajkumar Venkatadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
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26
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Akata K, Yatera K, Wang KY, Naito K, Ogoshi T, Noguchi S, Kido T, Toyohira Y, Shimokawa H, Yanagihara N, Tsutsui M, Mukae H. Decreased Bronchial Eosinophilic Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion in Asthmatic Mice Lacking All Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms. Lung 2015; 194:121-4. [PMID: 26685897 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-015-9833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airflow limitation with chronic airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and mucus hypersecretion. NO is generated by three nitric oxide synthase (i/n/eNOSs) isoforms, but conflicting results have been reported using asthmatic mice treated with NOSs inhibitors and NOS-knockout mice. To elucidate the authentic role of NO/NOSs in asthma, we used asthmatic mice lacking all NOSs (n/i/eNOS(-/-)). METHODS Wild-type and n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. Pathological findings and expressions of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -10, -13 and chemokines in the lung were evaluated. RESULTS Decreased eosinophilic inflammation, bronchial thickening and mucus secretion, IL-4, -5 and -13, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, eotaxin-1 and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine expressions were observed in n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice compared to wild-type, but expressions of IFN-γ and IL-10 were similar. CONCLUSION Using asthmatic n/i/eNOS(-/-) mice, NO plays important roles in accelerating bronchial eosinophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Akata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, UOEH, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ogoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Kido
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Toyohira
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, UOEH, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
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27
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Spadoni T, Svegliati Baroni S, Amico D, Albani L, Moroncini G, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. A reactive oxygen species-mediated loop maintains increased expression of NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 in skin fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1611-22. [PMID: 25707572 DOI: 10.1002/art.39084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), and NADPH oxidase (NOX) is an important source of ROS. Since the role of single NOX isoforms has not been previously investigated in SSc, this study was undertaken to assess the expression of NOX in SSc fibroblasts compared to normal healthy cells and to analyze their role in cell activation. METHODS Expression of NOX isoforms in dermal fibroblasts from patients with SSc and healthy control subjects was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. NOX isoforms were silenced using small interfering RNA. Production of ROS was measured by fluorometry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Scleroderma fibroblasts showed up-regulation of NOX-2 and NOX-4 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Treatment of the cells with diphenyleneiodonium, a nonselective inhibitor of flavin-containing enzymes, and silencing of NOX2 and NOX4 decreased the production of ROS as well as the expression of type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin in SSc fibroblasts. ROS generated by NOX-2 and NOX-4 were involved in DNA damage and activation of a DNA repair checkpoint. Incubation of healthy control fibroblasts with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or with IgG isolated from SSc patient serum enhanced the expression of NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA, via ROS, in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with actinomycin D, a transcription inhibitor, reversed the effects of PDGF stimulation but not the effects of SSc IgG. CONCLUSION Both NOX2 and NOX4 generate ROS in SSc fibroblasts and play a critical role in cell activation and DNA damage. Expression of NOX-2 and NOX-4 in SSc fibroblasts is maintained by a ROS-mediated loop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Albani
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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28
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Tsutsui M, Tanimoto A, Tamura M, Mukae H, Yanagihara N, Shimokawa H, Otsuji Y. Significance of nitric oxide synthases: Lessons from triple nitric oxide synthases null mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 127:42-52. [PMID: 25704017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by three distinct NO synthases (neuronal, inducible, and endothelial NOSs), all of which are expressed in almost all tissues and organs in humans. The regulatory roles of NOSs in vivo have been investigated in pharmacological studies with non-selective NOS inhibitors. However, the specificity of the inhibitors continues to be an issue of debate, and the authentic significance of NOSs is still poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated mice in which all three NOS genes are completely disrupted. The triple NOSs null mice exhibited cardiovascular abnormalities, including hypertension, arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic heart failure, and reduced EDHF responses, with a shorter survival. The triple NOSs null mice also displayed metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome and high-fat diet-induced severe dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the triple NOSs null mice showed renal abnormalities (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and pathological renal remodeling), lung abnormalities (accelerated pulmonary fibrosis), and bone abnormalities (increased bone mineral density and bone turnover). These results provide evidence that NOSs play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of disorders. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on the significance of NOSs in vivo, based on lessons learned from experiments with our triple mutant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masahito Tamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagihara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yutaka Otsuji
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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