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Chuang JY, Kuo HH, Wang PH, Su CJ, Yih LH. NPRL2 is required for proliferation of oncogenic Ras-transformed bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Div 2024; 19:22. [PMID: 38915098 PMCID: PMC11197203 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen permease regulator-like 2 (NPRL2/TUSC4) is known to exert both tumor-suppressing and oncogenic effects in different types of cancers, suggesting that its actions are context dependent. Here, we delineated the molecular and functional effects of NPRL2 in malignantly transformed bronchial epithelial cells. To do so, we depleted NPRL2 in oncogenic HRas-transduced and malignantly transformed human bronchial epithelial (BEAS2B), Ras-AI-T2 cells. Intriguingly, depletion of NPRL2 in these cells induced activation of mTORC1 downstream signaling, inhibited autophagy, and impaired Ras-AI-T2 cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that NPRL2 is required for oncogenic HRas-induced cell transformation. Depletion of NPRL2 increased levels of the DNA damage marker γH2AX, the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27, and the apoptosis marker cleaved-PARP. These NPRL2-depleted cells first accumulated at G1 and G2, and later exhibited signs of mitotic catastrophe, which implied that NPRL2 depletion may be detrimental to oncogenic HRas-transformed cells. Additionally, NPRL2 depletion reduced heat shock factor 1/heat shock element- and NRF2/antioxidant response element-directed luciferase reporter activities in Ras-AI-T2 cells, indicating that NPRL2 depletion led to the suppression of two key cytoprotective processes in oncogenic HRas-transformed cells. Overall, our data suggest that oncogenic HRas-transduced and malignantly transformed cells may depend on NPRL2 for survival and proliferation, and depletion of NPRL2 also induces a stressed state in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Su
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Huei Yih
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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2
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Lan Z, Zhang J, Yang F, Ma X, He R. Utility of SHOX2 and RASSF1A gene methylation detection on the residual cytology material from endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Cytojournal 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38887695 PMCID: PMC11181472 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_114_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Short Stature Homeobox 2 (SHOX2) and RAS Association Domain Family 1 Isoform A (RASSF1A) gene methylation detection in residual liquid-based cytology (LBC) materials from Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. Material and Methods Between June 2022 and May 2023, a total of 110 cases that underwent EBUS-TBNA were enrolled in the study. SHOX2 and RASSF1A genes methylation detection using the residual cytological material, LBC, and cell block (CB) were conducted for each EBUS-TBNA case. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology, CB histopathology, SHOX2, and RASSF1A methylation in diagnosing EBUS-TBNA samples were determined based on follow-up data. Results Among the 72 cases confirmed as pulmonary carcinomas, the methylation test yielded positive results in 24 adenocarcinoma cases, 10 squamous cell carcinoma cases, and 14 small cell carcinoma cases. The sensitivity of the comprehensive diagnosis (combining LBC, CB, and methylation detection) in distinguishing metastatic pulmonary epithelial malignancies in mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes or masses from benign lesions was higher (97.22%, 70/72) than that of morphological diagnosis alone (LBC and CB) (88.89%, 64/72; P < 0.05). Conclusion SHOX2 and RASSF1A methylation detection demonstrates a high sensitivity and negative predictive value in the identification of pulmonary epithelial malignancies and holds promise as a valuable ancillary approach to enhance morphological diagnosis of EBUS-TBNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery in Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Rongfang He
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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3
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Soboska K, Kusiński M, Pawelczyk K, Migdalska-Sęk M, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH. Expression of RASSF1A, DIRAS3, and AKAP9 Genes in Thyroid Lesions: Implications for Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis of Thyroid Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:562. [PMID: 38203733 PMCID: PMC10778957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma is the primary endocrine malignancy worldwide. The preoperative examination of thyroid tissue lesion is often unclear. Approximately 25% of thyroid cancers cannot be diagnosed definitively without post-surgery histopathological examination. The assessment of diagnostic and differential markers of thyroid cancers is needed to improve preoperative diagnosis and reduce unnecessary treatments. Here, we assessed the expression of RASSF1A, DIRAS3, and AKAP9 genes, and the presence of BRAF V600E point mutation in benign and malignant thyroid lesions in a Polish cohort (120 patients). We have also performed a comparative analysis of gene expression using data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (307 samples). The expression of RASSF1A and DIRAS3 was decreased, whereas AKAP9's was increased in pathologically changed thyroid compared with normal thyroid tissue, and significantly correlated with e.g., histopathological type of lesion papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) vs follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), patient's age, tumour stage, or its encapsulation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for the more aggressive FTC subtype differential marker suggests value in estimating RASSF1A and AKAP9 expression, with their area under curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity at 0.743 (95% CI: 0.548-0.938), 82.2%, and 66.7%; for RASSF1A, and 0.848 (95% CI: 0.698-0.998), 54.8%, and 100%, for AKAP9. Our research gives new insight into the basis of the aggressiveness and progression of thyroid cancers, and provides information on potential differential markers that may improve preoperative diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Soboska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Str. Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland (M.M.-S.)
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Kusiński
- Department of Endocrine, General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 62 Str. Pabianicka, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karol Pawelczyk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Str. Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland (M.M.-S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Av. Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Migdalska-Sęk
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Str. Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland (M.M.-S.)
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Str. Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland (M.M.-S.)
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Kandeeban S, Ishwarya S, Nareshkumar RN, Gunalan V, Porkodi P, Shyam Sundar J, Asokan R, Sharada R, Sripriya K, George R, Sripriya S. A Study on the Candidate Gene Association and Interaction with Measures of UV Exposure in Pseudoexfoliation Patients from India. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:1144-1152. [PMID: 37556844 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2246689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Environmental and genetic factors are associated with development of Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS). Here we intended to elucidate the association of candidate genes in relevance to UV exposure in these patients. METHODS This is a case-control study of 309 subjects (N = 219 controls and 90 XFS cases) from India. PCR based direct sequencing was performed for candidate genes (LOXL1, POMP and TMEM136) followed by genotype and haplotype analysis. The promoter methylation status was assessed by Methylation specific PCR based direct sequencing of genomic DNA for all samples. The methylation status was compared with that of primary fibroblasts cultures established from patient's Tenon's tissue samples in subset of these patients. RESULTS SNPs rs3825942, rs41435250, rs8818 (LOXL1) and rs3737528 (POMP) showed significant association with XFS. LOXL1 gene haplotype GAGC (rs1048661- rs3825942- rs41435250-rs8818) was associated with lower risk for XFS with a p value 4.1961 × 10-6 (OR =0; 95%CI, 0.000-0.003). POMP gene haplotypes for intronic SNPs (rs1340815- rs3737528- rs913797) TCC and TTC were associated with increased risk for the disease (OR > 1.0). Significant correlation for SNPs rs3825942 of LOXL1 (ρ= -0.132) and rs3737528 of POMP (ρ = 0.12) was observed with measure of lifetime UV exposure (CUVAF value). Reduced LOXL1 gene expression was observed in cultured tenon fibroblasts from the patients that correlated with differential methylation of the Sp-1 binding sites at -253, -243bp upstream to the transcription start site of LOXL1 promoter region. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a possible interaction for LOXL1 gene haplotype (GAGC) with the measure of ocular UV exposure in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Kandeeban
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tanjavur, India
| | - Sureshkumar Ishwarya
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - R N Nareshkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, R S Mehta Jain, Chennai, India
| | - Vaishaali Gunalan
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - P Porkodi
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - J Shyam Sundar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, R S Mehta Jain, Chennai, India
| | - Rashima Asokan
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - R Sharada
- Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sripriya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Ronnie George
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sarangapani Sripriya
- SNONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
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5
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Arrigo A, Regua AT, Najjar MK, Lo HW. Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2): Discovery, Functions, and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092455. [PMID: 37173921 PMCID: PMC10177220 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor Suppressor Candidate 2 (TUSC2) was first discovered as a potential tumor suppressor gene residing in the frequently deleted 3p21.3 chromosomal region. Since its discovery, TUSC2 has been found to play vital roles in normal immune function, and TUSC2 loss is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases as well as impaired responses within the innate immune system. TUSC2 also plays a vital role in regulating normal cellular mitochondrial calcium movement and homeostasis. Moreover, TUSC2 serves as an important factor in premature aging. In addition to TUSC2's normal cellular functions, TUSC2 has been studied as a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently deleted or lost in a multitude of cancers, including glioma, sarcoma, and cancers of the lung, breast, ovaries, and thyroid. TUSC2 is frequently lost in cancer due to somatic deletion within the 3p21.3 region, transcriptional inactivation via TUSC2 promoter methylation, post-transcriptional regulation via microRNAs, and post-translational regulation via polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Additionally, restoration of TUSC2 expression promotes tumor suppression, eventuating in decreased cell proliferation, stemness, and tumor growth, as well as increased apoptosis. Consequently, TUSC2 gene therapy has been tested in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This review will focus on the current understanding of TUSC2 functions in both normal and cancerous tissues, mechanisms of TUSC2 loss, TUSC2 cancer therapeutics, open questions, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Arrigo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Angelina T Regua
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mariana K Najjar
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Uzhachenko R, Shimamoto A, Chirwa SS, Ivanov SV, Ivanova AV, Shanker A. Mitochondrial Fus1/Tusc2 and cellular Ca2 + homeostasis: tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging implications. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1307-1320. [PMID: 35181743 PMCID: PMC9576590 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
FUS1/TUSC2 (FUSion1/TUmor Suppressor Candidate 2) is a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) originally described as a member of the TSG cluster from human 3p21.3 chromosomal region frequently deleted in lung cancer. Its role as a TSG in lung, breast, bone, and other cancers was demonstrated by several groups, but molecular mechanisms of its activities are starting to unveil lately. They suggest that Fus1-dependent mechanisms are relevant in etiologies of diseases beyond cancer, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, premature aging, and geriatric diseases. Here, we revisit the discovery of FUS1 gene in the context of tumor initiation and progression, and review 20 years of research into FUS1 functions and its molecular, structural, and biological aspects that have led to its use in clinical trials and gene therapy. We present a data-driven view on how interactions of Fus1 with the mitochondrial Ca2+ (mitoCa2+) transport machinery maintain cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and control cell apoptosis and senescence. This Fus1-mediated cellular homeostasis is at the crux of tumor suppressor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sanika S Chirwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey V Ivanov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alla V Ivanova
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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7
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Tang Y, Jiang L, Zhao X, Hu D, Zhao G, Luo S, Du X, Tang W. FOXO1 inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation via suppressing E2F1 activated NPRL2 expression. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2510-2520. [PMID: 34459063 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our lab suggest that nitrogen permease regulator 2-like (NPRL2) upregulation in prostate cancer is associated with malignant behavior and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of NPRL2 dysregulation remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the transcription factors (TFs) contributing to NPRL2 dysregulation in prostate cancer. Potential TFs were identified using prostate tissue/cell-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq data collected in the Cistrome Data Browser and Signaling Pathways Project. Dual-luciferase assay and ChIP-qPCR assay were conducted to assess the binding and activating effect of TFs on the gene promoter. Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays were performed to assess cell proliferation. Results showed that E2F1 is a TF that bound to the NPRL2 promoter and activated its transcription. NPRL2 inhibition significantly alleviated E2F1 enhanced cell proliferation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that E2F1 upregulation was associated with unfavorable progression-free survival and disease-specific survival. FOXO1 interacted and E2F1 in both PC3 and LNCaP cells and weakened the binding of E2F1 to the NPRL2 promoter. Functionally, FOXO1 overexpression significantly slowed the proliferation of PC3 and LNCaP cells and also decreased E2F1 enhanced cell proliferation. In summary, this study revealed a novel FOXO1/E2F1-NPRL2 regulatory axis in prostate cancer. E2F1 binds to the NPRL2 promoter and activates its transcription, while FOXO1 interacts with E2F1 and weakens its transcriptional activating effects. These findings help expand our understanding of the prostate cancer etiology and suggest that the FOXO1/E2F1-NPRL2 signaling axis might be a potential target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Daixing Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Xie L, Ma S, Ding N, Wang Y, Lu G, Xu L, Wang Q, Liu K, Jie Y, Zhang H, Yang A, Gao Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y. Homocysteine induces podocyte apoptosis by regulating miR-1929-5p expression through c-Myc, DNMT1 and EZH2. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3203-3221. [PMID: 34057794 PMCID: PMC8564658 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and complex disease in kidneys which has been associated with an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are known to influence the development and progression of CKD by regulating podocyte injury and apoptosis. To investigate the molecular mechanisms triggered in podocytes by Hcy, we used cbs+/− mice and observed that higher Hcy levels increased the apoptosis rate of podocytes with accompanying glomerular damage. Hcy‐induced podocyte injury and apoptosis in cbs+/− mice was regulated by inhibition of microRNA (miR)‐1929‐5p expression. Overexpression of miR‐1929‐5p in podocytes inhibited apoptosis by upregulating Bcl‐2. Furthermore, the expression of miR‐1929‐5p was regulated by epigenetic modifications of its promoter. Hcy upregulated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) levels, resulting in increased DNA methylation and H3K27me3 levels on the miR‐1929‐5p promoter. Additionally, we observed that c‐Myc recruited DNMT1 and EZH2 to the miR‐1929‐5p promoter and suppressed the expression of miR‐1929‐5p. In summary, we demonstrated that Hcy promotes podocyte apoptosis through the regulation of the epigenetic modifiers DNMT1 and EZH2, which are recruited by c‐Myc to the promoter of miR‐1929‐5p to silence miR‐1929‐5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guanjun Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuzheng Jie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Anning Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center of General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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9
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Sarne V, Huter S, Braunmueller S, Rakob L, Jacobi N, Kitzwögerer M, Wiesner C, Obrist P, Seeboeck R. Promoter Methylation of Selected Genes in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients and Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4595. [PMID: 32605217 PMCID: PMC7369760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific gene promoter DNA methylation is becoming a powerful epigenetic biomarker in cancer diagnostics. Five genes (CDH1, CDKN2Ap16, RASSF1A, TERT, and WT1) were selected based on their frequently published potential as epigenetic markers. Diagnostic promoter methylation assays were generated based on bisulfite-converted DNA pyrosequencing. The methylation patterns of 144 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 7 healthy control formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the putative diagnostic markers. Statistically significant changes in methylation levels are shown for TERT and WT1. Furthermore, 12 NSCLC and two benign lung cell lines were characterized for promoter methylation. The in vitro tests involved a comparison of promoter methylation in 2D and 3D cultures, as well as therapeutic tests investigating the impact of CDH1/CDKN2Ap16/RASSF1A/TERT/WT1 promoter methylation on sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and DNA methyl-transferase inhibitor (DNMTI) treatments. We conclude that the selected markers have potential and putative impacts as diagnostic or even predictive marker genes, although a closer examination of the resulting protein expression and pathway regulation is needed.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sarne
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (V.S.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (N.J.); (C.W.)
| | - Samuel Huter
- Pathologylab Dr. Obrist & Dr. Brunhuber OG, 6511 Zams, Austria; (S.H.); (P.O.)
| | - Sandrina Braunmueller
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (V.S.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (N.J.); (C.W.)
| | - Lisa Rakob
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (V.S.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (N.J.); (C.W.)
| | - Nico Jacobi
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (V.S.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (N.J.); (C.W.)
| | - Melitta Kitzwögerer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria;
| | - Christoph Wiesner
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (V.S.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (N.J.); (C.W.)
| | - Peter Obrist
- Pathologylab Dr. Obrist & Dr. Brunhuber OG, 6511 Zams, Austria; (S.H.); (P.O.)
| | - Rita Seeboeck
- Department Life Sciences, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria; (V.S.); (S.B.); (L.R.); (N.J.); (C.W.)
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, University Hospital St. Poelten, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria;
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10
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Sarne V, Braunmueller S, Rakob L, Seeboeck R. The Relevance of Gender in Tumor-Influencing Epigenetic Traits. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3010006. [PMID: 34991275 PMCID: PMC8594720 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis as well as the molecular orchestration of cancer progression are very complex mechanisms that comprise numerous elements of influence and regulation. Today, many of the major concepts are well described and a basic understanding of a tumor's fine-tuning is given. Throughout the last decade epigenetics has been featured in cancer research and it is now clear that the underlying mechanisms, especially DNA and histone modifications, are important regulators of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Another key regulator, which is well known but has been neglected in scientific approaches as well as molecular diagnostics and, consequently, treatment conceptualization for a long time, is the subtle influence patient gender has on molecular processes. Naturally, this is greatly based on hormonal differences, but from an epigenetic point of view, the diverse susceptibility to stress and environmental influences is of prime interest. In this review we present the current view on which and how epigenetic modifications, emphasizing DNA methylation, regulate various tumor diseases. It is our aim to elucidate gender and epigenetics and their interconnectedness, which will contribute to understanding of the prospect molecular orchestration of cancer in individual tumors.
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11
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Li L, Xu J, Qiu G, Ying J, Du Z, Xiang T, Wong KY, Srivastava G, Zhu XF, Mok TS, Chan ATC, Chan FKL, Ambinder RF, Tao Q. Epigenomic characterization of a p53-regulated 3p22.2 tumor suppressor that inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation via protein docking and is frequently methylated in esophageal and other carcinomas. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:61-77. [PMID: 29290793 PMCID: PMC5743460 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Oncogenic STAT3 signaling activation and 3p22-21.3 locus alteration are common in multiple tumors, especially carcinomas of the nasopharynx, esophagus and lung. Whether these two events are linked remains unclear. Our CpG methylome analysis identified a 3p22.2 gene, DLEC1, as a methylated target in esophageal squamous cell (ESCC), nasopharyngeal (NPC) and lung carcinomas. Thus, we further characterized its epigenetic abnormalities and functions. Methods: CpG methylomes were established by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation. Promoter methylation was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing. DLEC1 expression and clinical significance were analyzed using TCGA database. DLEC1 functions were analyzed by transfections followed by various cell biology assays. Protein-protein interaction was assessed by docking, Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses. Results: We defined the DLEC1 promoter within a CpG island and p53-regulated. DLEC1 was frequently downregulated in ESCC, lung and NPC cell lines and primary tumors, but was readily expressed in normal tissues and immortalized normal epithelial cells, with mutations rarely detected. DLEC1 methylation was frequently detected in ESCC tumors and correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor recurrence and progression, with DLEC1 as the most frequently methylated among the established 3p22.2 tumor suppressors (RASSF1A, PLCD1 and ZMYND10/BLU). DLEC1 inhibits carcinoma cell growth through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and also suppresses cell metastasis by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness. Moreover, DLEC1 represses oncogenic signaling including JAK/STAT3, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin and AKT pathways in multiple carcinoma types. Particularly, DLEC1 inhibits IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. DLEC1 contains three YXXQ motifs and forms a protein complex with STAT3 via protein docking, which blocks STAT3-JAK2 interaction and STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-6 stimulation enhances the binding of DLEC1 with STAT3, which diminishes their interaction with JAK2 and further leads to decreased STAT3 phosphorylation. The YXXQ motifs of DLEC1 are crucial for its inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation, and disruption of these motifs restores STAT3 phosphorylation through abolishing DLEC1 binding to STAT3. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates, for the first time, predominant epigenetic silencing of DLEC1 in ESCC, and a novel mechanistic link of epigenetic DLEC1 disruption with oncogenic STAT3 signaling in multiple carcinomas.
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12
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Chen T, Sun Z, Liu F, Wang Q. RASSF1A and SIRT6 in non-small cell lung cancer: Relationship with clinical outcome. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:5759-5764. [PMID: 29204192 PMCID: PMC5707562 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of RASSF1A and SIRT6 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with clinical prognosis. The expression in 122 cases of NSCLC tissues (NSCLC group) and 122 cases of normal lung tissues (NOR group) during the same period were detected by immunohistochemical Super Pic Ture™ Polymer two-step method, and the relationship between its expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients was analyzed. The positive expression rates of RASSF1A and SIRT6 in NSCLC group were lower than those in the normal group (55.74 vs. 84.43% and 52.46 vs. 82.49%, P<0.01). The differences in expression intensity of RASSF1A in NSCLC tissues between different tumor pathological types, tumor differentiation degrees and lymph node metastases were statistically significant, and the differences in expression intensity of SIRT6 between different TNM stages, tumor differentiation degrees and lymph node metastases were statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the expression of RASSF1A and SIRT6 in NSCLC group (r=0.532, P<0.01). The 3-year survival rate of patients with high-expression of RASSF1A was higher than in those with low-expression of RASSF1A (81.33 vs. 39.45%, log-rank χ2=19,102, P<0.01); the 3-year survival rate of patients with high-expression of SIRT6 was higher than in those with low-expression of SIRT6 (83.51 vs. 42.43%, log-rank χ2=17,180, P<0.01). The low expression of RASSF1A and SIRT6 and lymph node metastasis were the risk factors affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients. There is a better correlation between the expression of RASSF1A and SIRT6 in NSCLC tissues, and the detection of their expression is of great significance in the judgement of clinicopathological features and prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- The Second Department of Surgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Sun
- The Second Department of Surgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
| | - Fengling Liu
- The Second Department of Surgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Second Department of Surgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
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13
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Strzelczyk JK, Gołąbek K, Cuber P, Krakowczyk Ł, Owczarek AJ, Fronczek M, Choręża P, Hudziec E, Ostrowska Z. Comparison of Selected Protein Levels in Tumour and Surgical Margin in a Group of Patients with Oral Cavity Cancer. Biochem Genet 2017; 55:322-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-017-9799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Huang C, Liu H, Gong XL, Wu LY, Wen B. Effect of evodiamine and berberine on the interaction between DNMTs and target microRNAs during malignant transformation of the colon by TGF-β1. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1637-1645. [PMID: 28098901 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue microenvironment functions as a crucial player in carcinogenesis, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) within the microenvironment stimulates the formation of neoplasms. Using an in vitro model of malignancy induced by TGF-β1, we assessed the effect of evodiamine and berberine on the interaction between DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and target microRNAs (miRNAs) in the model. Colon tissues from neonatal rats 7 days of age were cultured and malignancy was induced by TGF-β1 in vitro for 48 h, and then the tissues were respectively treated with evodiamine and berberine for 24 h. Morphological alteration of tissues was observed by an inverted microscope, histological structures were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the expression levels of DNMTs and targeted miRNAs screened by bioinformatics software combined with Gene chip analysis in our previous study were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantified by real-time PCR. Twenty-four hours after treatment with TGF-β1, expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and miR-152 (target DNMT1), miR-429 (target DNMT3A) and miR-29a (target DNMT3A/3B) were markedly decreased; however, after 48 h, the expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A were significantly increased, but their target miRNAs were still decreased. After treatment with a DNMT inhibitor (5-Aza-dC), expression levels of the miRNAs were increased to a larger extent, but did not reach normal levels. After treatment with berberine and evodiamine for 24 h, respectively, increased expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B and miR-152, miR-429, miR-29a was noted. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that miRNAs can also be post-transcriptionally regulated by their corresponding DNMTs and that berberine and evodiamine regulate the expression of these genes, which provides early epigenetic evidence for the prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Gong
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yun Wu
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- Pi-Wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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15
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Pefani DE, Pankova D, Abraham AG, Grawenda AM, Vlahov N, Scrace S, O' Neill E. TGF-β Targets the Hippo Pathway Scaffold RASSF1A to Facilitate YAP/SMAD2 Nuclear Translocation. Mol Cell 2016; 63:156-66. [PMID: 27292796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic inactivation of the Hippo pathway scaffold RASSF1A is associated with poor prognosis in a wide range of sporadic human cancers. Loss of expression reduces tumor suppressor activity and promotes genomic instability, but how this pleiotropic biomarker is regulated at the protein level is unknown. Here we show that TGF-β is the physiological signal that stimulates RASSF1A degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In response to TGF-β, RASSF1A is recruited to TGF-β receptor I and targeted for degradation by the co-recruited E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. RASSF1A degradation is necessary to permit Hippo pathway effector YAP1 association with SMADs and subsequent nuclear translocation of receptor-activated SMAD2. We find that RASSF1A expression regulates TGF-β-induced YAP1/SMAD2 interaction and leads to SMAD2 cytoplasmic retention and inefficient transcription of TGF-β targets genes. Moreover, RASSF1A limits TGF-β induced invasion, offering a new framework on how RASSF1A affects YAP1 transcriptional output and elicits its tumor-suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Daniela Pankova
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Aswin G Abraham
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Anna M Grawenda
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Nikola Vlahov
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Simon Scrace
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Eric O' Neill
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology and Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ UK.
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16
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Pastuszak-Lewandoska D, Kordiak J, Antczak A, Migdalska-Sęk M, Czarnecka KH, Górski P, Nawrot E, Kiszałkiewicz JM, Domańska-Senderowska D, Brzeziańska-Lasota E. Expression level and methylation status of three tumor suppressor genes, DLEC1, ITGA9 and MLH1, in non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2016; 33:75. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Klacz J, Wierzbicki PM, Wronska A, Rybarczyk A, Stanislawowski M, Slebioda T, Olejniczak A, Matuszewski M, Kmiec Z. Decreased expression of RASSF1A tumor suppressor gene is associated with worse prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:55-66. [PMID: 26648328 PMCID: PMC4734610 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of RCC (70-80%) and is associated with poor prognosis in 40% of cases mainly due to metastasis in the course of the disease. RASSF1, with its isoforms RASSF1A and RASSF1C, is a tumor suppressor gene which has not been fully analyzed in ccRCC yet. The epigenetic downregulation of RASSF1A is commonly associated with promoter hypermethylation. The aim of the present study was to compare the ccRCC outcomes with the expression of RASSF1A and RASSF1C. Tissues were obtained from 86 ccRCC patients. RASSF1A and RASSF1C mRNA levels were assessed in tumor and matched normal kidney tissue, and in 12 samples of local metastases by quantitative PCR (qPCR). RASSF1A and RASSF1C proteins levels were semi-quantified in 58 samples by western blot analysis and their tissue localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Hypermethylation of RASSF1A promoter was measured by high-resolution-melting methylation-specific qPCR. RASSF1A mRNA levels were 4 and 5 times lower in 66% of tumor and 75% metastasized samples. RASSF1A hypermethylation was found in 40% of analyzed T cases. RASSF1A protein expression was 5 or 20 times decreased in 70% tumor and 75% metastatic samples, respectively. RASSF1A hypermethylation, mRNA and protein levels were associated with TNM progression and higher Fuhrman's grading. Decreased RASSF1A expression, hypermethylation, TNM and Fuhrman's grading were associated with poorer overall survival (OS). Cox hazard ratio (HR) analysis revealed predictor role of RASSF1A mRNA levels on OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to Fuhrman's grading (OS HR=2.25, PFS HR=2.93). RASSF1C levels were increased in ccRCC; no correlations with clinicopathological variables were found. We conclude that RASSF1C gene is not involved in ccRCC progression and we propose that the measurements of RASSF1A mRNA levels in paired tumor-normal kidney tissue could serve as a new prognostic factor in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Klacz
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Piotr M Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Agata Wronska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Marcin Stanislawowski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Tomasz Slebioda
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszewski
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-211, Poland
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