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Liang H, Wang T, Liu D, Wang H, Ba Z, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Yuan J, Yang W. Cardiovascular comorbidities and their prognostic value in small cell lung cancer patients with chemoradiotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1348-1356. [PMID: 38103121 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an extremely malignant subtype of lung cancer because of its high potential for metastases. Cardiac invasion of SCLC is a serious concern that may lead to systemic embolism or tract obstruction. It has aroused much concern that cardiovascular comorbidities may significantly affect the survival of SCLC patients and their treatment decisions. METHODS We consecutively recruited 772 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients between January 2011 and December 2018 from 4 cancer specialty hospitals in China. Only newly diagnosed primary cancer inpatients were included. Univariable and multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) was 34.6% in all SCLC patients. Log-rank analysis presented statistically significant differences in median survival time (MST) between patients with CVD and without CVD in all SCLC patients (9.0 months vs. 15.0 months, P = 0.005) and patients with chemotherapy only (12.0 months vs. 18.0 months, P = 0.048). Pericardial effusion (HR 1.671, 95% CI 1.082-2.580, P = 0.021) and heart failure (HR 1.752, 95% CI 1.290-2.379, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with mortality in all SCLC patients. VTE is related to poorer prognosis in patients with chemotherapy only (HR 5.558, 95% CI 1.335-23.135, P = 0.018) and chemoradiotherapy (HR 3.057, 95% CI 1.270-7.539, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive management of CVD comorbidities is of vital importance for the long-term prognosis of SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhengqing Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yilu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Weixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Kyaw TW, Tsai MK, Wen CP, Shu CC, Su TC, Wu X, Gao W. Impaired lung function and lung cancer risk in 461 183 healthy individuals: a cohort study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e001936. [PMID: 38719501 PMCID: PMC11086288 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that smoking and various lung diseases including lung cancer can cause lung function impairment. However, the impact of different types of lung function impairments, such as preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and airflow obstruction (AO), on the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in both general and never-smoker populations remains unclear. We wished to examine the effect of lung function impairments on lung cancer risks. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study (1 January 1994 to 31 December 2017) of individuals from a health surveillance programme in Taiwan who underwent baseline spirometry tests at the entry point. PRISm was defined as an FEV1/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity) ratio >0.7 and FEV1 <0.8, while AO was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7. Cox proportional hazards models and cubic spline curves were used to examine the associations between lung function impairments and lung cancer risks. RESULTS The study included 461,183 individuals, of whom 14.3% had PRISm and 7.9% had AO. A total of 4038 cases of lung cancer and 3314 lung cancer-related deaths were identified during the 23 years of follow-up. Individuals with PRISm and AO exhibited a higher risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality compared with those with normal lung function. The adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1.14 (1.03 to 1.26) and 1.23 (1.10 to 1.37) in the overall cohort, and 1.08 (0.93 to 1.24), and 1.23 (1.05 to 1.45) in the never-smoker cohort. The risks of both developing and dying of lung cancer increased with the severity levels of lung function impairments and lower FEV1 values. CONCLUSION Impaired lung function is associated with increased risks of developing lung cancer and subsequent mortality. The study highlights the importance of considering lung function in lung cancer screening for better candidate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Win Kyaw
- Global Health and Health Security Program, School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Kuang Tsai
- Global Health and Health Security Program, School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Pang Wen
- National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xifeng Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wayne Gao
- Global Health and Health Security Program, School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bensenane R, Helfre S, Cao K, Carton M, Champion L, Girard N, Glorion M, Vieira T, Waissi W, Crehange G, Beddok A. Optimizing lung cancer radiation therapy: A systematic review of multifactorial risk assessment for radiation-induced lung toxicity. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 124:102684. [PMID: 38278078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) is essential in treating advanced lung cancer, but may lead to radiation pneumonitis (RP). This systematic review investigates the use of pulmonary function tests (PFT) and other parameters to predict and mitigate RP, thereby improving RT planning. METHODS A systematic review sifted through PubMed and on BioMed Central, targeting articles from September 2005 to December 2022 containing the keywords: Lung Cancer, Radiotherapy, and pulmonary function test. RESULTS From 1153 articles, 80 were included. RP was assessed using CTCAEv.4 in 30 % of these. Six studies evaluated post-RT quality of life in lung cancer patients, reporting no decline. Patients with RP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) generally exhibited poorer overall survival. Notably, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) declined 24 months post-RT, while forced vital capacity (FVC) stayed stable. In the majority of studies, age over 60, tumors located in the lower part of the lung, and low FEV1 before RT were associated with a higher risk of RP. Dosimetric factors (V5, V20, MLD) and metabolic imaging emerged as significant predictors of RP risk. A clinical checklist blending patient and tumor characteristics, PFT results, and dosimetric criteria was proposed for assessing RP risk before RT. CONCLUSION The review reveals the multifactorial nature of RP development following RT in lung cancer. This approach should guide individualized management and calls for a prospective study to validate these findings and enhance RP prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Bensenane
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | - Sylvie Helfre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | - Kim Cao
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut Curie, Department of Thoracic Oncology, Paris, France
| | | | - Thibaut Vieira
- Institut Mutualist Montsouris, Department of Pneumology, Paris, France
| | - Waisse Waissi
- Centre Léon Bérard, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Crehange
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Beddok
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Radiation Oncology Department, Paris/Saint-Cloud/Orsay, France; Institut Curie, PSL Research University, University Paris Saclay, Inserm LITO, 91898 Orsay, France.
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Seo SH, Pyo H, Ahn YC, Oh D, Yang K, Kim N, Sun JM, Park S, Jung HA, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Ahn MJ, Noh JM. Pulmonary function and toxicities of proton versus photon for limited-stage small cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol J 2023; 41:274-282. [PMID: 38185932 PMCID: PMC10772597 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2023.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes and toxicities of definitive proton beam therapy (PBT) and photon beam therapy in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 262 patients with newly diagnosed LS-SCLC who underwent definitive PBT (n = 20; proton group) or photon beam therapy (n = 242; photon group) with concurrent chemotherapy between January 2016 and February 2021 and compared overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), dose-volume parameters, and toxicities between the groups. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 24.5 months (range, 3.7 to 78.7). Baseline lung function was significantly worse and clinical target volume (CTV) was larger in the proton group (CTV: 296.6 vs. 215.3 mL; p = 0.080). The mean lung V10 was 37.7% ± 16.8% and 51.6% ± 24.5% in the proton and photon groups, respectively (p = 0.002). Two-year OS and PFS rates were 57.2% and 35.7% in the proton group and 65.3% and 40.8% in the photon group, respectively (p = 0.542 and 0.748, respectively). Grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis and esophagitis occurred in 5 (25.0%) and 7 (35.0%) PBT-treated patients and 66 (27.3%) and 40 (16.5%) photon beam therapy-treated patients, respectively (p = 0.826 and 0.062, respectively). CONCLUSION Although the proton group had poorer lung function and a larger CTV than that in the photon group, both groups exhibited comparable treatment outcomes and radiation-related toxicities in LS-SCLC. PBT may be a valuable therapeutic modality in patients with poor pulmonary function or extensive disease burden owing to its lung-sparing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Seo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongryull Pyo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryul Oh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehhoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Noh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhao J, Ma C, Gan G, Xu X, Zhou J. Analysis of clinical and physical dosimetric factors that determine the outcome of severe acute radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. Radiat Oncol 2023; 18:143. [PMID: 37644602 PMCID: PMC10463737 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-023-02304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a retrospective statistical analysis of clinical and physical dosimetric factors of lung cancer patients who had previously undergone lung and/or mediastinal radiotherapy and died of or survived severe acute radiation pneumonitis (SARP). Our study was the first to reveal the heterogeneity in clinical factors, physical dosimetric factors, and SARP onset time that determined the clinical outcomes of lung cancer patients who developed SARP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinical characteristics, physical dosimetry factors, and SARP onset time of deceased and surviving patients were retrospectively analyzed. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis. Student's t-test was used for intergroup comparison, and a Mann-Whitney U test was used for data with skewed distribution. Qualitative data were represented using frequencies (%), and Fisher's exact test or χ2 test was used for intergroup comparison of nonparametric data. Binary logistic analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Differences with a P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that the potential predictors of SARP death were as follows: ipsilateral lung V5 and V30, contralateral lung V5, V10, and V30, total lung V5, V10, and V30, mean lung dose, mean heart dose, and maximum spinal cord dose. Multivariate analysis showed that ipsilateral lung V5 and total lung V5 were predictors that determined the final outcome of SARP patients. In addition, we analyzed the time from the completion of radiotherapy to SARP onset, and found significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS There was no decisive correlation between clinical characteristics and SARP outcome (i.e., death or survival) in lung radiotherapy patients. Ipsilateral lung V5 and total lung V5 were independent predictors of death in SARP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Chenying Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Guanghui Gan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Juying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Chen F, Niu J, Wang M, Zhu H, Guo Z. Re-evaluating the risk factors for radiation pneumonitis in the era of immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:368. [PMID: 37287014 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the common complications of radiotherapy, radiation pneumonia (RP) limits the prognosis of patients. Therefore, better identifying the high-risk factors that lead to RP is essential to effectively prevent its occurrence. However, as lung cancer treatment modalities are being replaced and the era of immunotherapy has arrived, literature that reviews the parameters and mode of radiotherapy, chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs and current hot immune checkpoint inhibitors related to RP is lacking. This paper summarizes the risk factors for radiation pneumonia by retrieving and analysing previously published literature and the results of large clinical trials. The literature primarily included retrospective analyses, including clinical trials in different periods and a part of the literature review. A systematic literature search of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed for relevant publications up to 6 Dec. 2022. Search keywords include, but are not limited to, "radiation pneumonia", "pneumonia", "risk factors", "immunotherapy", etc. The factors related to RP in this paper include physical parameters of radiotherapy, including V5, V20, and MLD; chemoradiotherapy mode and chemotherapy drugs, including paclitaxel and gemcitabine; EGFR-TKI; ALK inhibitors; antiangiogenic drugs; immune drugs and the underlying disease of the patient. We also introduce the possible mechanism of RP. In the future, we hope that this article not only sounds the alarm for clinicians but also helps to identify a method that can effectively intervene and reduce the occurrence of RP, significantly improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients, and more effectively improve the therapeutic effect of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Jiling Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Martello S, Chopra S, Sproull M, May JM, Shankardass A, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Eke I, Scott KMK, Dalo J, Coleman CN. Microarray analysis of hub genes, non-coding RNAs and pathways in lung after whole body irradiation in a mouse model. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1702-1715. [PMID: 37212632 PMCID: PMC10615684 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2214205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has highlighted the impact of radiation damage, with cancer patients developing acute disorders including radiation induced pneumonitis or chronic disorders including pulmonary fibrosis months after radiation therapy ends. We sought to discover biomarkers that predict these injuries and develop treatments that mitigate this damage and improve quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice received 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 Gy or sham whole body irradiation. Animals were euthanized 48 h post exposure and lungs removed, snap frozen and underwent RNA isolation. Microarray analysis was performed to determine dysregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) after radiation injury. RESULTS We observed sustained dysregulation of specific RNA markers including: mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs across all doses. We also identified significantly upregulated genes that can indicate high dose exposure, including Cpt1c, Pdk4, Gdf15, and Eda2r, which are markers of senescence and fibrosis. Only three miRNAs were significantly dysregulated across all radiation doses: miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-142-5p were downregulated and miRNA-34a-5p was upregulated. IPA analysis predicted inhibition of several molecular pathways with increasing doses of radiation, including: T cell development, Quantity of leukocytes, Quantity of lymphocytes, and Cell viability. CONCLUSIONS These RNA biomarkers might be highly relevant in the development of treatments and in predicting normal tissue injury in patients undergoing radiation treatment. We are conducting further experiments in our laboratory, which includes a human lung-on-a-chip model, to develop a decision tree model using RNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared M May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aman Shankardass
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M K Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Niu L, Chu X, Yang X, Zhao H, Chen L, Deng F, Liang Z, Jing D, Zhou R. A multiomics approach-based prediction of radiation pneumonia in lung cancer patients: impact on survival outcome. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04827-7. [PMID: 37154927 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To predict the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP), a multiomics model was built to stratify lung cancer patients. Our study also investigated the impact of RP on survival. METHODS This study retrospectively collected 100 RP and 99 matched non-RP lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy from two independent centres. They were divided into training (n = 175) and validation cohorts (n = 24). The radiomics, dosiomics and clinical features were extracted from planning CT and electronic medical records and were analysed by LASSO Cox regression. A multiomics prediction model was developed by the optimal algorithm. Overall survival (OS) between the RP, non-RP, mild RP, and severe RP groups was analysed by the Kaplan‒Meier method. RESULTS Sixteen radiomics features, two dosiomics features, and one clinical feature were selected to build the best multiomics model. The optimal performance for predicting RP was the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the testing set (0.94) and validation set (0.92). The RP patients were divided into mild (≤ 2 grade) and severe (> 2 grade) RP groups. The median OS was 31 months for the non-RP group compared with 49 months for the RP group (HR = 0.53, p = 0.0022). Among the RP subgroup, the median OS was 57 months for the mild RP group and 25 months for the severe RP group (HR = 3.72, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The multiomics model contributed to improving the accuracy of RP prediction. Compared with the non-RP patients, the RP patients displayed longer OS, especially the mild RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishui Niu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghui Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Henyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fuxing Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhan Liang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Di Jing
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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IDO1 Activity Predicts Lung Toxicity in Patients with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC and Chemoradiotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:3591758. [PMID: 36824664 PMCID: PMC9943611 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3591758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) acts as the key rate-limiting enzyme that converts tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn). Its activity was primarily induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which was reported to play a role in the development of acute radiation-induced pneumonitis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between IDO1 activity and radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT) in stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Materials and Methods Systemic IDO1 activity was reflected by Kyn : Trp ratio. Plasma levels of Kyn and Trp in 113 stage III NSCLC patients were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) before the initiation of radiotherapy. Dynamic change of IDO1 activity was followed in 23 patients before, during, and after radiotherapy. We also used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to explore how IDO1 was involved in the development of RILT. Results 9.7% (11/113) of the whole group developed G3+ (greater than or equal to Grade 3) RILT. Preradiation IDO1 activity was significantly higher in patients who developed G3 + RILT than in nonG3 + RILT patients. (P = 0.029, AUC = 0.70). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high IDO1 activity was independently associated with the risk of G3 + RILT (P = 0.034). A predictive model combining both IDO1 activity and FEV1 was established for severe RILT and displayed a moderate predictive value (AUC = 0.83, P < 0.001). The incidence of G3 + RILT was 2.6% (1/38) in patients with an IDO activity ≤0.069 and FEV1 > 59.4%, and 50.0% (6/12) in those with an IDO activity >0.069 and FEV1 ≤ 59.4%. Of 23 patients with dynamic tracking, the IDO1 activity of postradiation was significantly lower than midradiation (P = 0.021), though no significant differences among the three time points were observed (P = 0.070). Bioinformatic analysis using RNA-seq data from 1014 NSCLC patients revealed that IDO mainly functioned in the inflammatory response instead of the late fibrosis process in NSCLC patients. Conclusion High baseline IDO1 activity combined with unfavorable baseline FEV1 was predictive of severe RILT in unresectable stage III NSCLC patients. IDO1 might play a role in the acute inflammatory response. Finding effective interventions to alleviate RILT using IDO inhibitors is warranted in the future.
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Chen NB, Xiong M, Zhou R, Zhou Y, Qiu B, Luo YF, Zhou S, Chu C, Li QW, Wang B, Jiang HH, Guo JY, Peng KQ, Xie CM, Liu H. CT radiomics-based long-term survival prediction for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using features from tumor and tumor organismal environment. Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:184. [PMID: 36384755 PMCID: PMC9667605 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-02136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) patients, but the treatment response and survival outcomes varied among these patients. We aimed to identify pretreatment computed tomography-based radiomics features extracted from tumor and tumor organismal environment (TOE) for long-term survival prediction in these patients treated with CCRT. Methods A total of 298 eligible patients were randomly assigned into the training cohort and validation cohort with a ratio 2:1. An integrated feature selection and model training approach using support vector machine combined with genetic algorithm was performed to predict 3-year overall survival (OS). Patients were stratified into the high-risk and low-risk group based on the predicted survival status. Pulmonary function test and blood gas analysis indicators were associated with radiomic features. Dynamic changes of peripheral blood lymphocytes counts before and after CCRT had been documented. Results Nine features including 5 tumor-related features and 4 pulmonary features were selected in the predictive model. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the training and validation cohort were 0.965 and 0.869, and were reduced by 0.179 and 0.223 when all pulmonary features were excluded. Based on radiomics-derived stratification, the low-risk group yielded better 3-year OS (68.4% vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001) than the high-risk group. Patients in the low-risk group had better baseline FEV1/FVC% (96.3% vs. 85.9%, p = 0.046), less Grade ≥ 3 lymphopenia during CCRT (63.2% vs. 83.3%, p = 0.031), better recovery of lymphopenia from CCRT (71.4% vs. 27.8%, p < 0.001), lower incidence of Grade ≥ 2 radiation-induced pneumonitis (31.6% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.040), superior tumor remission (84.2% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.003). Conclusion Pretreatment radiomics features from tumor and TOE could boost the long-term survival forecast accuracy in LANSCLC patients, and the predictive results could be utilized as an effective indicator for survival risk stratification. Low-risk patients might benefit more from radical CCRT and further adjuvant immunotherapy. Trial registration: retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13014-022-02136-w.
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Wu L, Wang D, Chen Y, Qian M, Xu X, Zhang T, Bi N, Wang L. Dynamic change of IDO1 activity predicts survival in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC and chemoradiotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906815. [PMID: 36032151 PMCID: PMC9399602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveHigh activity of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) in lung cancer patients converts tryptophan (Trp), which is the essential amino acid for T-cell metabolism, to kynurenine (Kyn) and consequently suppresses anti-tumor immune responses. We aimed to track the dynamics of IDO1 activity in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received first-line radiotherapy (RT) and explore its association with survival outcomes.Materials and methodsSystemic IDO1 activity was calculated by Kyn : Trp ratio. Plasma levels of Kyn and Trp in 113 thoracic RT-received stage III NSCLC patients were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography before the initiation of RT. The dynamic change of IDO1 activity was followed in 24 patients by measuring the Kyn : Trp ratio before, during, and after RT administration.ResultsIn 24 patients with dynamic tracking of plasma IDO1 activity, there were no significant alterations observed among the three time points (Friedman test, p = 0.13). The changing pattern of the Kyn : Trp ratio was divided into four groups: decreased consistently during RT, first increased, then decreased, increased consistently, first decreased then increased. Patients whose Kyn : Trp ratio kept decreasing or first increased then decreased were defined as the good-change group. The good-change status was identified as an independent positive factor for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.04; p = 0.01) in multivariate analysis among evaluated parameters. Patients with good change showed significantly superior local control than the bad-change group (p = 0.01, HR = 0.22). In 113 stage III NSCLC patients with pre-radiation Kyn : Trp ratio, a trend that high baseline IDO1 activity was associated with short OS was observed (p = 0.079).ConclusionFavorable change in IDO1 activity during RT was associated with superior OS, PFS, and local control. IDO1 activity is a promising biomarker for prognosis in stage III NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Daquan Wang
- Department of radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Bi, ; Luhua Wang,
| | - Luhua Wang
- Department of radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Bi, ; Luhua Wang,
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Pneumonitis after Stereotactic Thoracic Radioimmunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors: Exploration of the Dose-Volume-Effect Correlation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122948. [PMID: 35740613 PMCID: PMC9221463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is widely applied for treatment of early stage lung cancer and pulmonary metastases. Modern immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is progressively used in cancer treatment. Pneumonitis is a relevant side effect of both thoracic SBRT and ICB. Currently, it remains unclear whether we can presume the same radiation dose–volume–effect correlations and dose constraints for safe application of SBRT + ICB. We present a dose–volume–effect correlation analysis method using pneumonitis contours and dose–volume histograms (DVH). We showed dosimetric differences for pneumonitis volumes between SBRT + ICB and SBRT alone. We found a large extent of pneumonitis, even bilateral and apart from the radiation field for combined SBRT + ICB. We noticed a shift in pneumonitis DVHs towards lower doses and a trend towards decreased areas under the curve (AUC) for SBRT + ICB. This provides a direction for re-evaluation and potential adaptation of lung dose constraints for combined SBRT and ICB. Abstract Thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is extensively used in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). While current evidence suggests that the occurrence of pneumonitis as a side effect of both treatments is not enhanced for the combination, the dose–volume correlation remains unclear. We investigate dose–volume–effect correlations for pneumonitis after combined SBRT + ICB. We analyzed patient clinical characteristics and dosimetric data for 42 data sets for thoracic SBRT with ICB treatment (13) and without (29). Dose volumes were converted into 2 Gy equivalent doses (EQD2), allowing for dosimetric comparison of different fractionation regimes. Pneumonitis volumes were delineated and corresponding DVHs were analyzed. We noticed a shift towards lower doses for combined SBRT + ICB treatment, supported by a trend of smaller areas under the curve (AUC) for SBRT+ ICB (median AUC 1337.37 vs. 5799.10, p = 0.317). We present a DVH-based dose–volume–effect correlation method and observed large pneumonitis volumes, even with bilateral extent in the SBRT + ICB group. We conclude that further studies using this method with enhanced statistical power are needed to clarify whether adjustments of the radiation dose constraints are required to better estimate risks of pneumonitis after the combination of SBRT and ICB.
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Borghetti P, Guerini AE, Sangalli C, Piperno G, Franceschini D, La Mattina S, Arcangeli S, Filippi AR. Unmet needs in the management of unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a review after the 'Radio Talk' webinars. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:549-559. [PMID: 35450510 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2069098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a variable entity, encompassing bulky primary tumors, nodal involvement or both. Multidisciplinary evaluation is essential to discuss multiple treatment options, to outline optimal management and to examine the main debated topics and critical issues not addressed by current trials and guidelines that influence daily clinical practice. AREAS COVERED From March to May 2021, 5 meetings were scheduled in a webinar format titled 'Radio Talk' due to the COVID-19 pandemic; the faculty was composed of 6 radiation oncologists from 6 different Institutions of Italy, all of them were the referring radiation oncologist for lung cancer treatment at their respective departments and were or had been members of AIRO (Italian Association of Radiation Oncology) Thoracic Oncology Study Group. The topics covered included: pulmonary toxicity, cardiac toxicity, radiotherapy dose, fractionation and volumes, unfit/elderly patients, multidisciplinary management. EXPERT OPINION The debate was focused on the unmet needs triggered by case reports, personal experiences and questions; the answers were often not univocal, however, the exchange of opinion and the contribution of different centers confirmed the role of multidisciplinary management and the necessity that the most critical issues should be investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Borghetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Emanuele Guerini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Sangalli
- Department of Radiation Oncology 1, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Piperno
- Division of Radiotherapy, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Franceschini
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Mattina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Arcangeli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccardo Filippi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Normal Lung Tissue CT Density Changes after Volumetric-Arc Radiotherapy (VMAT) for Lung Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030485. [PMID: 35330484 PMCID: PMC8955548 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury remains a significant toxicity in thoracic radiotherapy. Because a precise diagnosis is difficult and commonly used assessment scales are unclear and subjective, there is a need to establish quantitative and sensitive grading methods. The lung tissue density change expressed in Hounsfield units (HUs) derived from CT scans seems a useful numeric surrogate. The study aimed to confirm a dose-response effect on HU value changes (ΔHU), their evolution in time, and the impact of selected clinical and demographic factors. We used dedicated, self-developed software to register and analyze 120 pairs of initial and follow-up CT scans of 47 lung cancer patients treated with dynamic arc radiotherapy. The differences in HU values between CT scans were calculated within discretized dose-bins limited by isodose lines. We have proved the dose-effect relationship, which is well described with a sigmoid model. We found the time evolution of HU changes to suit a typical clinical presentation of radiation-induced toxicity. Some clinical factors were found to correlate with ΔHU degree: planning target volume (PTV), V35 in the lung, patient’s age and a history of arterial hypertension, and initial lung ventilation intensity. Lung density change assessment turned out to be a sensitive and valuable method of grading post-RT lung toxicity.
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Jahangiri P, Dreyfuss AD, Duan F, Snyder BS, Borja AJ, Pournazari K, Kothekar E, Arani L, Al-Zaghal A, Seraj SM, Hancin EC, Pinheiro B, Werner TJ, Swisher-McClure S, Feigenberg SJ, Torigian DA, Revheim ME, Simone CB, Alavi A. Implementation of FDG-PET/CT imaging methodology for quantification of inflammatory response in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: results from the ACRIN 6668/RTOG 0235 trial. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2021; 11:415-427. [PMID: 34754612 PMCID: PMC8569334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We measured changes in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images in the lung parenchyma to quantify the degree of lung inflammation in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received radiotherapy (RT). The goal of this study was to demonstrate successful implementation of this imaging methodology on NSCLC patients and to report quantitative statistics between pre-RT and post-RT. Seventy-one patients with NSCLC underwent FDG-PET/CT imaging before and after RT in a prospective study (ACRIN 6668/RTOG 0235). Comparisons between pre-RT and post-RT PET/CT were conducted for partial volume corrected (PVC)-mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), PVC-global lung parenchymal glycolysis (GLPG), and lung volume for both ipsilateral and contralateral lungs using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Regression modeling was conducted to associate clinical characteristics with post-RT PET/CT parameters. There was a significant increase in average SUVmean and GLPG of the ipsilateral lung (relative change 40% and 20%) between pre-RT and post-RT PET/CT scans (P<0.0001 and P=0.004). Absolute increases in PVC-SUVmean and PVC-GLPG were more pronounced (ΔPVC-SUVmean 0.32 versus ΔSUVmean 0.28; ΔPVC-GLPG 463.34 cc versus ΔGLPG 352.90 cc) and highly significant (P<0.0001). In contrast, the contralateral lung demonstrated no significant difference between pre-RT to post-RT in either GLPG (P=0.12) or SUVmean (P=0.18). The only clinical feature significantly associated with post-RT PET/CT parameters was clinical staging. Our study demonstrated inflammatory response in the ipsilateral lung of NSCLC patients treated with photon RT, suggesting that PET/CT parameters may serve as biomarkers for radiation pneumonitis (RP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Jahangiri
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra D Dreyfuss
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Fenghai Duan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public HealthProvidence 02912, RI, USA
| | - Bradley S Snyder
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public HealthProvidence 02912, RI, USA
| | - Austin J Borja
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Kamyar Pournazari
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Esha Kothekar
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Leila Arani
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Abdullah Al-Zaghal
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | | | - Emily C Hancin
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Pinheiro
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Swisher-McClure
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Feigenberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Drew A Torigian
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
| | - Mona-Elisabeth Revheim
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University HospitalOslo 0424, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0424, Norway
| | - Charles B Simone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Proton CenterNew York 10035, NY, USA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia 19104, PA, USA
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Dark Side of Cancer Therapy: Cancer Treatment-Induced Cardiopulmonary Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Immune Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810126. [PMID: 34576287 PMCID: PMC8465322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in cancer therapy increased the cancer free survival rates and reduced the malignant related deaths. Therapeutic options for patients with thoracic cancers include surgical intervention and the application of chemotherapy with ionizing radiation. Despite these advances, cancer therapy-related cardiopulmonary dysfunction (CTRCPD) is one of the most undesirable side effects of cancer therapy and leads to limitations to cancer treatment. Chemoradiation therapy or immunotherapy promote acute and chronic cardiopulmonary damage by inducing reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, inflammation, fibrosis, deregulation of cellular immunity, cardiopulmonary failure, and non-malignant related deaths among cancer-free patients who received cancer therapy. CTRCPD is a complex entity with multiple factors involved in this pathogenesis. Although the mechanisms of cancer therapy-induced toxicities are multifactorial, damage to the cardiac and pulmonary tissue as well as subsequent fibrosis and organ failure seem to be the underlying events. The available biomarkers and treatment options are not sufficient and efficient to detect cancer therapy-induced early asymptomatic cell fate cardiopulmonary toxicity. Therefore, application of cutting-edge multi-omics technology, such us whole-exome sequencing, DNA methylation, whole-genome sequencing, metabolomics, protein mass spectrometry and single cell transcriptomics, and 10 X spatial genomics, are warranted to identify early and late toxicity, inflammation-induced carcinogenesis response biomarkers, and cancer relapse response biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on cancer therapy-induced cardiopulmonary complications and our current understanding of the pathological and molecular consequences of cancer therapy-induced cardiopulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, immune suppression, and tumor recurrence, and possible treatment options for cancer therapy-induced cardiopulmonary toxicity.
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Zhang X, Yang D, Jiang Y, Huang L, Wang C, Tao D, Liu X, Lei Y, Wu Y, Zhou W. Comparison of Radiation Pneumonitis in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with HT versus IMRT and Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets as Predicting Risk Factors. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4205-4215. [PMID: 34483676 PMCID: PMC8409515 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s328955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We sought to compare the symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) in lung cancer patients treated with helical tomotherapy (HT) versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and examine the predictive value of circulating lymphocyte subsets affecting the occurrence of RP. Patients and Methods Circulating lymphocyte subsets, clinical characteristics, dosimetric parameters and pulmonary function were collected from 130 lung cancer patients treated with HT (n = 53) or IMRT (n = 77) from 2016 through 2020. Symptomatic RP was compared between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of RP. Results The IMRT group had larger planning target volume (319.9 vs 240.8 cc, P = 0.041); more ECOG performance status 0–1 (96.1% vs 79.2%, P = 0.002); more stage III–IV disease (94.8% vs 37.6%, P = 0.028); and more combined systemic therapy (85.7% vs 69.8%, P = 0.022). Grade ≥2 RP were comparable between IMRT and HT groups (16.9% vs 15.1%, P = 0.785). For stage III–IV disease, IMRT was associated with lower lung V10 (31.9% vs 35.8%, P = 0.047) and lower incidence of grade 5 RP (0% vs 9.1%, P = 0.018). All lymphocyte subsets reduced after radiotherapy. The decrease degree of total T cell count and CD4+ T cell count were larger after IMRT than HT (P = 0.043, P = 0.021). In univariate analysis, the smoking status, lower baseline FEV1, and higher total T cell count, higher CD8+ T cell count, lower total B cell count, lower CD4+/CD8+ ratio after radiotherapy were associated with the development of grade ≥2 RP. The higher CD8+T cell count after radiotherapy was the only risk factor associated with grade ≥2 RP in multivariable analysis (OR 1.003; 95% CI: 1.000–1.005; P = 0.044). Conclusion IMRT was associated with lower lung V10 and less grade 5 RP than HT for stage III–IV lung cancer. Higher CD8+ T cell count after radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of RP. HT may better preserve total T cell and CD4+ T cell than IMRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingyi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyang Lei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Sha S, Dong J, Wang M, Chen Z, Gao P. Risk factors for radiation-induced lung injury in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: implication for treatment strategies. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:214. [PMID: 34271911 PMCID: PMC8285849 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS) is very common in clinical settings; we aimed to evaluate the risk factors of RILI in NSCLS patients, to provide insights into the treatment of NSCLS. METHODS NSCLC patients undergoing three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in our hospital from June 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, were included. The characteristics and treatments of RILI and non-RILI patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC. RESULTS A total of 126 NSCLC patients were included; the incidence of RILI in NSCLC patients was 35.71%. There were significant differences in diabetes, smoke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose, and planning target volume (PTV) between the RILI group and the non-RILI group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses indicated that diabetes (OR 3.076, 95%CI 1.442~5.304), smoke (OR 2.745, 95%CI 1.288~4.613), COPD (OR 3.949, 95%CI 1.067~5.733), concurrent chemotherapy (OR 2.072, 95%CI 1.121~3.498), radiotherapy dose ≥ 60 Gy (OR 3.841, 95%CI 1.932~5.362), and PTV ≥ 396 (OR 1.247, 95%CI 1.107~1.746) were the independent risk factors of RILI in patients with NSCLC (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RILI is commonly seen in NSCLS patients; early targeted measures are warranted for patients with those risk factors; future studies with larger sample sizes and different areas are needed to further elucidate the influencing factors of RILI in the treatment of NSCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Sha
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiaozhou Central Hospital, No. 29 Xuzhou Road, Jiaozhou City, Qingdao, 266300, China.
| | - Jigang Dong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiaozhou Central Hospital, No. 29 Xuzhou Road, Jiaozhou City, Qingdao, 266300, China
| | - Maoyu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiaozhou Central Hospital, No. 29 Xuzhou Road, Jiaozhou City, Qingdao, 266300, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiaozhou Central Hospital, No. 29 Xuzhou Road, Jiaozhou City, Qingdao, 266300, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiaozhou Central Hospital, No. 29 Xuzhou Road, Jiaozhou City, Qingdao, 266300, China
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Rahi MS, Parekh J, Pednekar P, Parmar G, Abraham S, Nasir S, Subramaniyam R, Jeyashanmugaraja GP, Gunasekaran K. Radiation-Induced Lung Injury-Current Perspectives and Management. Clin Pract 2021; 11:410-429. [PMID: 34287252 PMCID: PMC8293129 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of localized primary malignancies involving the chest wall or intrathoracic malignancies. Secondary effects of radiotherapy on the lung result in radiation-induced lung disease. The phases of lung injury from radiation range from acute pneumonitis to chronic pulmonary fibrosis. Radiation pneumonitis is a clinical diagnosis based on the history of radiation, imaging findings, and the presence of classic symptoms after exclusion of infection, pulmonary embolism, heart failure, drug-induced pneumonitis, and progression of the primary tumor. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging modality as it provides a better picture of parenchymal changes. Lung biopsy is rarely required for the diagnosis. Treatment is necessary only for symptomatic patients. Mild symptoms can be treated with inhaled steroids while subacute to moderate symptoms with impaired lung function require oral corticosteroids. Patients who do not tolerate or are refractory to steroids can be considered for treatment with immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. Improvements in radiation technique, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment with high-dose steroids, will lead to lower rates of pneumonitis and an overall good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh Rahi
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Jay Parekh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Prachi Pednekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Gaurav Parmar
- Department of Radiology, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
| | - Soniya Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Samar Nasir
- Department of Internal Medicine, University at Buffalo, 462 Grider Street, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA;
| | - Rajamurugan Subramaniyam
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, St. Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Gini Priyadharshini Jeyashanmugaraja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA; (J.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (G.P.J.)
| | - Kulothungan Gunasekaran
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Yale-New Haven Health Bridgeport Hospital, 267 Grant Street, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-384-5009
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20
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Yang LT, Zhou L, Chen L, Liang SX, Huang JQ, Zhu XD. Establishment and Verification of a Prediction Model for Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930515. [PMID: 33953150 PMCID: PMC8112075 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the value of the significant index in predicting symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) in esophageal cancer patients, establish a nomogram prediction model, and verify the model. MATERIAL AND METHODS The patients enrolled were divided into 2 groups: a model group and a validation group. According to the logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors for symptomatic RP were obtained, and the nomogram prediction model was established according to these independent predictors. The consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model, and the prediction ability of the model was verified in the validation group. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used for the risk stratification analysis. RESULTS The ratio of change regarding the pre-albumin at the end of treatment (P=0.001), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio during treatment (P=0.027), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at the end of treatment (P=0.001) were the independent predictors for symptomatic RP. The C-index of the nomogram model was 0.811. According to the risk stratification of RPA, the whole group was divided into 3 groups: a low-risk group, a medium-risk group, and a high-risk group. The incidence of symptomatic RP was 0%, 16.9%, and 57.6%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve also revealed that the nomogram model has good accuracy in the validation group. CONCLUSIONS The developed nomogram and corresponding risk classification system have superior prediction ability for symptomatic RP and can predict the occurrence of RP in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Ting Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shi-Xiong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jiang-Qiong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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21
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Li F, Liu H, Wu H, Liang S, Xu Y. Risk factors for radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients with subclinical interstitial lung disease after thoracic radiation therapy. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:70. [PMID: 33849579 PMCID: PMC8045204 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have found that patients with subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) are highly susceptible to developing radiation pneumonitis (RP) after thoracic radiation therapy. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for RP after thoracic intensity-modulated radiation therapy in lung cancer patients with subclinical ILD. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from lung cancer patients with subclinical ILD who were treated with thoracic intensity-modulated radiation therapy with a prescribed dose of ≥ 50 Gy in our institution between January 2016 and December 2017. Results Eighty-seven consecutive lung cancer patients with subclinical ILD were selected for the study. The median follow-up period was 14.0 months. The cumulative incidence of grades ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 RP at one year was 51.0% and 20.9%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, a mean lung dose ≥ 12 Gy was a significant risk factor for grade ≥ 2 RP (p = 0.049). Chemotherapy with gemcitabine in the past, V5 ≥ 50%, and subclinical ILD involving ≥ 25% of the lung volume were significantly associated with grade ≥ 3 RP (p = 0.046, p = 0.040, and p = 0.024, respectively). Conclusion Mean lung dose is a significant risk factor for grade ≥ 2 RP. Lung cancer patients who have received chemotherapy with gemcitabine in the past, V5 ≥ 50%, and those with subclinical ILD involving ≥ 25% of lung volume have an increased risk of grade ≥ 3 RP in lung cancer patients with subclinical ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Cancer Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Saha A, Beasley M, Hatton N, Dickinson P, Franks K, Clarke K, Jain P, Teo M, Murray P, Lilley J. Clinical and dosimetric predictors of radiation pneumonitis in early-stage lung cancer treated with Stereotactic Ablative radiotherapy (SABR) - An analysis of UK's largest cohort of lung SABR patients. Radiother Oncol 2021; 156:153-159. [PMID: 33333139 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) is the standard treatment for early-stage medically inoperable lung cancer. Predictors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients treated with SABR are poorly defined. In this study, we investigate clinical and dosimetric parameters, which can predict symptomatic RP in early-stage lung cancer patients treated with SABR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients treated with lung SABR between May 2009 and August 2018, in a single United Kingdom (UK) radiotherapy center were included. The patient's baseline characteristics, treatment details, and toxicity were retrieved from the electronic medical record. Dosimetric data was extracted from Xio and Monaco treatment planning systems. Patients were treated according to the UK SABR consortium guidelines. RP was graded retrospectively using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0, based on available clinical and imaging information. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to determine predictive factors for grade ≥ 2 radiation pneumonitis, using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 21 software. The goodness of fit was assessed using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test. The optimal diagnostic threshold was tested using the Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The chi-square test was carried out to test the different risk factors against the likelihood of developing grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis. RESULTS A total of 1266 patients included in the analysis. The median age of patients was 75 years. Six hundred sixty-six patients (52.6%) were female. Median follow up was 56 months. Sixty-five percent of patients received 55 Gy in 5 fractions. Forty-three percent of patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) of 2 and 16.2% had PS of 3. The Median Charlson comorbidity index was 6 (range 2-11). Median Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) max of the tumor was 6.5. Four hundred two patients (31.8%) had confirmed histological diagnosis; other patients were treated based on a radiological diagnosis. The median tumor size was 20 mm (range 4 mm-63 mm). Median Planning Target Volume (PTV) was 30.3 cc. Median values of R100, R50, and D2cm were 1.1, 5.6, 32.8 Gy. The median value of mean lung dose, V20, and V12.5 were 3.9 Gy, 5 %and 9.3% respectively. Eighty-five (6.7%) patients developed symptomatic RP (grade ≥ 2) with only 5(0.4%) developing grade 3 RP. Five percent of patients developed rib fractures but only 28% of these were symptomatic. On univariate analysis lower lobe tumor location, larger tumor size, PTV, mean lung dose, lung V20Gy, and V12.5 Gy were significantly associated with grade ≥ 2 RP. On multivariate analysis, only mean lung dose was associated with grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis. ROC curve analysis showed optimal diagnostic threshold for tumour size, PTV, mean lung dose, V20 and V12.5; are 22.5 mm ((Area Under Curve (AUC)-0.565)), 27.15 cc (AUC-0.58), 3.7 Gy (AUC-0.633), 4.6% (AUC-0.597), 9.5% (AUC-0.616). The incidence of ≥grade 2 RP was significantly high for values higher than the ROC threshold. CONCLUSION SABR treatment resulted in a very low rate of grade 3 pneumonitis. Lower lobe tumor location, larger tumor size, PTV, mean lung dose, V20, and V12.5 were found to be significant predictors of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Saha
- Department of Oncology, Apollo Gleneagles Cancer Hospital, Kolkata, India.
| | - Matthew Beasley
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Nathaniel Hatton
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Dickinson
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Franks
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Katy Clarke
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Teo
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Patrick Murray
- Department of Oncology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - John Lilley
- Department of Medical Physics, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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23
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Arroyo-Hernández M, Maldonado F, Lozano-Ruiz F, Muñoz-Montaño W, Nuñez-Baez M, Arrieta O. Radiation-induced lung injury: current evidence. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:9. [PMID: 33407290 PMCID: PMC7788688 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-radiotherapy and systemic therapies have proven satisfactory outcomes as standard treatments for various thoracic malignancies; however, adverse pulmonary effects, like pneumonitis, can be life-threatening. Pneumonitis is caused by direct cytotoxic effect, oxidative stress, and immune-mediated injury. Radiotherapy Induced Lung Injury (RILI) encompasses two phases: an early phase known as Radiation Pneumonitis (RP), characterized by acute lung tissue inflammation as a result of exposure to radiation; and a late phase called Radiation Fibrosis (RF), a clinical syndrome that results from chronic pulmonary tissue damage. Currently, diagnoses are made by exclusion using clinical assessment and radiological findings. Pulmonary function tests have constituted a significant step in evaluating lung function status during radiotherapy and useful predictive tools to avoid complications or limit toxicity. Systemic corticosteroids are widely used to treat pneumonitis complications, but its use must be standardized, and consider in the prophylaxis setting given the fatal outcome of this adverse event. This review aims to discuss the clinicopathological features of pneumonitis and provide practical clinical recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Arroyo-Hernández
- Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, CDMX, México
| | - Federico Maldonado
- Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, CDMX, México
| | - Francisco Lozano-Ruiz
- Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, CDMX, México
| | - Wendy Muñoz-Montaño
- Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, CDMX, México
| | - Mónica Nuñez-Baez
- Departamento de Radioncología, Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Head of Thoracic Oncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Oncología Torácica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México City, CDMX, México.
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24
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Consolidative stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) to intrapulmonary lesions is associated with prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in oligometastatic NSCLC patients: A prospective phase 2 study. Lung Cancer 2020; 152:119-126. [PMID: 33385737 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) has shown high rates of local control and prolonged survival in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), though its role in oligometastatic disease is undefined. This study aimed to evaluate SABR as a local consolidative therapy (LCT) in oligometastatic NSCLC patients. METHODS In this prospective, single-arm phase 2 trial, we sought to evaluate SABR in patients with stage IV NSCLC, with ≤ five lesions, including the primary tumor. Patients received initial systemic therapy according to international guidelines. Patients without progression after front-line therapy (two months of targeted therapy and ≥ four cycles of chemotherapy) were evaluated by an 18F-FDG-PET/CT to receive consolidative SABR (45-60 Gy in 3-5 fractions) to the primary and all intrapulmonary metastatic sites. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and toxicity. RESULTS A total of 47 patients were included. Mean age was 58.9 years, 59.6 % were female, 87.2 % had adenocarcinoma histology, and the contralateral lung was the main site of metastases in 42.6 %. All patients received systemic front-line therapy, chemotherapy in 61.7 %, and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in 38.3 %. Disease control rate (DCR) and complete metabolic response (CMR) to SABR were 93.6 % and 70.2 %. Median PFS was 34.3 months (95 %CI; 31.1-38.8) for the total cohort; patients with a CMR had a median PFS of 53.9 monthsvs.31.9 months in those without CMR (p = 0.011). Median OS was not reached.Grade 1, 2, and 3 pneumonitis were observed in 79.5 % (31/39), 12.8 % (5/39) and 7.7 % (3/39), respectively. No grade ≥4 toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION The use of SABR as LCT in oligometastatic NSCLC patients was well tolerated and showed favorable results regarding PFS and OS compared with historical data. The benefit was significantly higher in patients who reached a CMR as assessed by 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
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25
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Radiation-induced H3K9 methylation on E-cadherin promoter mediated by ROS/Snail axis : Role of G9a signaling during lung epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105037. [PMID: 33148527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer patients who have undergone radiotherapy developed severe complications such as pneumonitis and fibrosis. Upon irradiation, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotype via a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a vital role in organ fibrosis. Several mechanisms have been studied on EMT, however, the correlation between radiation-induced EMT and epigenetic changes are not well known. In the present study, we investigated the role of histone methyltransferase G9a on radiation-induced EMT signaling. There was an increase in total global histone methylation level in irradiated epithelial cells. Western blot analysis on irradiated cells showed an increased expression of H3K9me2/3. The pre-treatment of G9a inhibitor enhanced E-cadherin expression and decreased the mesenchymal markers like N-cadherin, vimentin in the radiated group. Surprisingly, radiation-induced ROS generation and pERK1/2 levels were also inhibited by G9a inhibitor BIX01294, which is showing its antioxidant potential. The ChIP-qPCR analysis on the E-cadherin promoter suggested that G9a and Snail might have formed complex to enrich suppressive marker H3K9me2/3. On the whole, our present study suggested that 1] ROS could modify H3K9 methylation via G9a and promote radiation-induced lung EMT in Beas2B and A549 cells 2] E-cadherin promoter enrichment with heterochromatin mark H3K9me2 expression upon irradiation could be modified by regulating G9a methyltransferase.
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Arrieta O, Cardona AF, Lara-Mejía L, Heredia D, Barrón F, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Lozano F, de Lima VC, Maldonado F, Corona-Cruz F, Ramos M, Cabrera L, Martin C, Corrales L, Cuello M, Arroyo-Hernández M, Aman E, Bacon L, Baez R, Benitez S, Botero A, Burotto M, Caglevic C, Ferraris G, Freitas H, Kaen DL, Lamot S, Lyons G, Mas L, Mata A, Mathias C, Muñoz A, Patane AK, Oblitas G, Pino L, Raez LE, Remon J, Rojas L, Rolfo C, Ruiz-Patiño A, Samtani S, Viola L, Viteri S, Rosell R. Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: the THOCOoP cooperative group. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 153:103033. [PMID: 32650215 PMCID: PMC7305738 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The world currently faces a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Relevant information has emerged regarding the higher risk of poor outcomes in lung cancer patients. As such, lung cancer patients must be prioritized in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. On May 7th, 45 experts in thoracic cancers from 11 different countries were invited to participate. A core panel of experts regarding thoracic oncology care amidst the pandemic gathered virtually, and a total of 60 initial recommendations were drafted based on available evidence, 2 questions were deleted due to conflicting evidence. By May 16th, 44 experts had agreed to participate, and voted on each of the 58 recommendation using a Delphi panel on a live voting event. Consensus was reached regarding the recommendations (>66 % strongly agree/agree) for 56 questions. Strong consensus (>80 % strongly agree/agree) was reached for 44 questions. Patients with lung cancer represent a particularly vulnerable population during this time. Special care must be taken to maintain treatment while avoiding exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arrieta
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Andrés F Cardona
- Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia; Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - David Heredia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maritza Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Cabrera
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudio Martin
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Alexander Fleming Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Maria Ferrer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Corrales
- Oncology Department, Hospital San Juan de Dios, San José Costa Rica, Costa Rica; Oncología Médica, Centro de Investigación y Manejo del Cáncer (CIMCA), San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Cuello
- Department of Oncology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República - UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Enrique Aman
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Swiss Medical Group, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ludwing Bacon
- Centro de Oncología, Hospital Vivián Pellas, Nicaragua
| | - Renata Baez
- National Institute for Respiratory Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Benitez
- Coordinador de la sección Oncología, asociación Argentina de Medicina Respiratoria, Argentina
| | | | - Mauricio Burotto
- Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Centro de Estudios Clínicos Bradford Hill, Chile
| | - Christian Caglevic
- Departamento de Investigación del Cáncer- Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Ferraris
- Centro Médico Dean Funes, Radioterapia Oncológica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Helano Freitas
- Departamento de Oncologia Clínica - A C Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastián Lamot
- CONCIENCIA, Instituto Oncohematológico de la Patagonia, Chile
| | - Gustavo Lyons
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Mas
- Medical Oncology Department, National Institute for Neoplastic Diseases - INEN, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrea Mata
- Hospital La Católica Goicoechea, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Ana Karina Patane
- Hospital de Rehabilitacion Respiratoria María Ferrer, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Pino
- Medical Oncology Group, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis E Raez
- Thoracic Oncology Program Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL, United States
| | - Jordi Remon
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Integral Oncología Clara Campal Bacelona, HM-Delfos, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Medical Oncology Department, Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Suraj Samtani
- Medical Oncology Department, Clínica Bradford Hill, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucia Viola
- Fundación neumológica colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Santiago Viteri
- Instituto Oncológico Dr. Rosell. Centro Médico Teknon. Grupo QuironSalud. Barcelona, España
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Cancer Biology and Precision Medicine Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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Pneumonitis after radiotherapy for lung cancer (PARALUC): an interventional study to create a symptom-based scoring system for identification of patients developing radiation pneumonitis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:785. [PMID: 32819311 PMCID: PMC7441678 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonitis is a possible side effect of radiotherapy for lung cancer. Since it can occur up to several months following treatment, symptoms may not be associated with previous radiotherapy, and pneumonitis can become severe before diagnosed. This study aimed to develop a symptom-based scoring system to contribute to earlier detection of radiation pneumonitis requiring medical intervention (grade ≥ 2). METHODS Patients irradiated for lung cancer complete a paper-based questionnaire (symptom-based score) during and up to 24 weeks following radiotherapy. Patients rate symptoms potentially associated with pneumonitis, and scoring points are assigned to severity of these symptoms. Sum scores are used to identify radiation pneumonitis. If radiation pneumonitis is suspected, patients undergo standard diagnostic procedures. If grade ≥ 2 pneumonitis is confirmed, medical intervention is indicated. The discriminative power of the score will be assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). If statistical significance of the AUC is reached, the optimal sum score to predict radiation pneumonitis will be established, which is defined as a cut-off value with sensitivity ≥90% and specificity ≥80%. Assuming a ratio between patients without and with pneumonitis of 3.63, a sample size of 93 patients is required in the full analysis set to yield statistical significance at the level of 5% with a power of 90% if the AUC under the alternative hypothesis is at least 0.9. Considering potential drop-outs, 98 patients should be recruited. If > 20% of patients are not satisfied with the score, modification is required. If the dissatisfaction rate is > 40%, the score is considered not useful. In 10 patients, functionality of a mobile application will be tested in addition to the paper-based questionnaire. DISCUSSION If an optimal cut-off score resulting in sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity can be identified and the development of a symptom-based scoring system is successful, this tool will contribute to better identification of patients experiencing pneumonitis after radiotherapy for lung cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04335409 ); registered on 2nd of April, 2020.
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Cai G, Liang S, Li C, Meng X, Yu J. Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Is a Possible Independent Risk Factor of Radiation Pneumonitis in Locally Advanced Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1511. [PMID: 32039006 PMCID: PMC6992641 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the association between left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction and grade ≥2 radiation pneumonitis (RP) for locally advanced lung cancer patients receiving definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out for 260 lung cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy between 2015 and 2017. RP was evaluated according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity criteria. Logistic regression analysis, 10-fold cross validation, and external validation were performed. The prediction model's discriminative performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and calibration of the model was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the calibration curve. Results: Within the first 6 months after radiotherapy, 70 patients (26.9%) developed grade ≥2 RP. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before radiotherapy was detected in 53 patients (20.4%). The odds ratio (OR) of developing RP for patients with LVEF <50% was 3.42 [p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.85-6.32]. Multivariate analysis showed that forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), LVEF, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, chemotherapy, and mean lung dose (MLD) were significantly associated with grade ≥2 RP. The AUC of a model including the above five variables was 0.835 (95% CI, 0.778-0.891) on 10-fold cross validation and 0.742 (95% CI, 0.633-0.851) on the external validation set. The p-value for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 0.656 on 10-fold cross validation and 0.534 on the external validation set. Conclusion: LV systolic dysfunction is a possible independent risk factor for RP in locally advanced lung cancer patients receiving definitive radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanbao Li
- Department of Emergency, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, China
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Shen T, Sheng L, Chen Y, Cheng L, Du X. High incidence of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis treated with radiotherapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2020; 61:117-122. [PMID: 31822893 PMCID: PMC6976816 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silica is an independent risk factor for lung cancer in addition to smoking. Chronic silicosis is one of the most common and serious occupational diseases associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of radiotherapy is unclear in patients with chronic silicosis. We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate efficacy and safety in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis, especially focusing on the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP). Lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis who had been treated with radiotherapy from 2005 to 2018 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. RP was graded according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), version 3.0. Of the 22 patients, ten (45.5%) developed RP ≥2. Two RP-related deaths (9.1%) occurred within 3 months after radiotherapy. Dosimetric factors V5, V10, V15, V20 and mean lung dose (MLD) were significantly higher in patients who had RP >2 (P < 0.05). The median overall survival times in patients with RP ≤2 and RP>2 were 11.5 months and 7.1 months, respectively. Radiotherapy is associated with excessive and fatal pulmonary toxicity in lung cancer patients with chronic silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Shen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20030, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Liming Sheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xianghui Du
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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30
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Li F, Huang ZW, Wang XF, Xu HW, Yu H, Chen YB, Huang JA, Wang JJ, Lei W. Safety and use of pulmonary function tests: a retrospective study from a single center over seven years' clinical practice. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:259. [PMID: 31864318 PMCID: PMC6925499 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To promote the utilization of pulmonary function tests (PFT) through analyzing the data of PFT during the past seven years in one large teaching hospital in China. Methods Through a retrospective analysis, the allocation of full-time staff in PFT room, the demographic characteristics of patients, cost-effectiveness of PFT, positive rate and failure rate of PFT, adverse events were analyzed. Results 1) From 2012 to 2018, the numbers of PFT showed the trend of escalation year by year. The proportion of patients receiving PFT rose from 29.0/10,000 in 2012 to 34.7/10,000 in 2018. The best allocation of PFT room was 20–25/ person / day. 2) The number of PFT provided by Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) accounted for 97.2, 97.1, 97.3, 97.8, 97.8, 98.0, and 98.2% of the total cases of outpatient PFT in the same year. The top three departments in the inpatient department were Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, and Department of Urinary Surgery, the total cases of PFT in these three departments accounted for 65.1, 64.4, 62.1, 63.5, 62.4, 65.3 and 69.1% of the total cases of inpatient PFT in the same year. 3) Data from 2018 showed that the revenue from PFT was about 3.7 million Chinese Yuan, and that the salary of personnel and expenditure on machine maintenance and wear were about 800,000 Chinese Yuan. 4) 58.2% of the patients who had undergone PFT had ventilatory dysfunction. 5) The average failure rate of PFT in the past seven years was 1.91%. 6) The main adverse events of PFT examination were dizziness, amaurosis, limb numbness, lip numbness and falls. The incidence rates were 0.49, 0.42, 0.41, 0.39, 0.44, 0.48, and 0.45% respectively, with an average of 0.44%. Conclusions The number of PFT showed an upward trend in the past seven years, and the optimal staffing of PFT room was 20–25 cases per person per day. The positive rate of pulmonary dysfunction was 58.2%. The failure rate of PFT and the incidence of adverse events were very low, suggesting it is a simple and safe clinical examination. It’s worthy of further popularization and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443001, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Wen Xu
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Control, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, 344000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan-Bin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhou Y, Yan T, Zhou X, Cao P, Luo C, Zhou L, Xu Y, Liu Y, Xue J, Wang J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Liang B, Gong Y. Acute severe radiation pneumonitis among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with moderate pulmonary dysfunction receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy: Impact of pre-treatment pulmonary function parameters. Strahlenther Onkol 2019; 196:505-514. [PMID: 31828393 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-019-01552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Severe acute radiation pneumonitis (SARP) is a life-threatening complication of thoracic radiotherapy. Pre-treatment pulmonary function (PF) may influence its incidence. We have previously reported on the incidence of SARP among patients with moderate pulmonary dysfunction who received definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The clinical outcomes, dose-volume histograms (DVH), and PF parameters of 122 patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1%]: 60-69%) receiving dCCRT between 2013 and 2019 were recorded. SARP was defined as grade ≥3 RP occurring during or within 3 months after CCRT. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC), and hazard ratio (HR) analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of each factor for SARP. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that the ratio of carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.934, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.896-0.974, p = 0.001) and mean lung dose (MLD; OR: 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.003, p = 0.002) were independent predictors of SARP. The ROC AUC of combined DLCO%/MLD was 0.775 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.688-0.861, p = 0.001), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.871 and 0.637, respectively; this was superior to DLCO% (0.656) or MLD (0.667) alone. Compared to the MLD-low/DLCO%-high group, the MLD-high/DLCO%-low group had the highest risk for SARP, with an HR of 9.346 (95% CI: 2.133-40.941, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The DLCO% and MLD may predict the risk for SARP among patients with pre-treatment moderate pulmonary dysfunction who receive dCCRT for NSCLC. Prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiansheng Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Binmiao Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Youling Gong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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A Novel Nomogram and Risk Classification System Predicting Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients With Esophageal Cancer Receiving Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:1074-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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