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Chen Q, Li J. Molecular mechanism analysis of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:877-888. [PMID: 38700285 PMCID: PMC11290754 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of cystic fibrosis (CF) complicated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Materials & methods: Expression profiles of CF with NTM-infected patients were downloaded from GEO database. Intersection analysis yielded 78 genes associated with CF with NTM infection. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the functions of hub genes were investigated. Results: Five hub genes (PIK3R1, IL1A, CXCR4, ACTN1, PFN1) were identified, which were primarily enriched in actin-related biological processes and pathways. Transcription factors RELA, JUN, NFKB1 and FOS that regulated hub genes modulated IL1A expression, while 21 other transcription factors regulated CXCR4 expression. Conclusion: In summary, this study may provide new insights into the mechanisms of CF with NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihuang Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
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2
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Bandela M, Belvitch P, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Cortactin in Lung Cell Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4606. [PMID: 35562995 PMCID: PMC9101201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortactin (CTTN) is an actin-binding and cytoskeletal protein that is found in abundance in the cell cortex and other peripheral structures of most cell types. It was initially described as a target for Src-mediated phosphorylation at several tyrosine sites within CTTN, and post-translational modifications at these tyrosine sites are a primary regulator of its function. CTTN participates in multiple cellular functions that require cytoskeletal rearrangement, including lamellipodia formation, cell migration, invasion, and various other processes dependent upon the cell type involved. The role of CTTN in vascular endothelial cells is particularly important for promoting barrier integrity and inhibiting vascular permeability and tissue edema. To mediate its functional effects, CTTN undergoes multiple post-translational modifications and interacts with numerous other proteins to alter cytoskeletal structures and signaling mechanisms. In the present review, we briefly describe CTTN structure, post-translational modifications, and protein binding partners and then focus on its role in regulating cellular processes and well-established functional mechanisms, primarily in vascular endothelial cells and disease models. We then provide insights into how CTTN function affects the pathophysiology of multiple lung disorders, including acute lung injury syndromes, COPD, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounica Bandela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Patrick Belvitch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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3
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Merve AO, Sobiecka P, Remeškevičius V, Taylor L, Saskoy L, Lawton S, Jones BP, Elwakeel A, Mackenzie FE, Polycarpou E, Bennett J, Rooney B. Metabolites of Cannabis Induce Cardiac Toxicity and Morphological Alterations in Cardiac Myocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031401. [PMID: 35163321 PMCID: PMC8835806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is one of the most commonly used recreational drugs worldwide. Rrecent epidemiology studies have linked increased cardiac complications to cannabis use. However, this literature is predominantly based on case incidents and post-mortem investigations. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its primary metabolites 11-Hydroxy-Δ9-THC (THC-OH) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). Treatment of cardiac myocytes with THC-OH and THC-COOH increased cell migration and proliferation (p < 0.05), with no effect on cell adhesion, with higher doses (250–100 ng/mL) resulting in increased cell death and significant deterioration in cellular architecture. Conversely, no changes in cell morphology or viability were observed in response to THC. Expression of key ECM proteins α-SMA and collagen were up-regulated in response to THC-OH and THC-COOH treatments with concomitant modulation of PI3K and MAPK signalling. Investigations in the planarian animal model Polycelis nigra demonstrated that treatments with cannabinoid metabolites resulted in increased protein deposition at transection sites while higher doses resulted in significant lethality and decline in regeneration. These results highlight that the key metabolites of cannabis elicit toxic effects independent of the parent and psychoactive compound, with implications for cardiotoxicity relating to hypertrophy and fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Orme Merve
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Pola Sobiecka
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vytautas Remeškevičius
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Luke Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Lili Saskoy
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Scott Lawton
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Ben P. Jones
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Ahmed Elwakeel
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences (CSELS), Coventry University, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Alison Gingell Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry CV1 2DS, UK; (A.E.); (J.B.)
| | - Francesca E. Mackenzie
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Polycarpou
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jason Bennett
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences (CSELS), Coventry University, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Alison Gingell Building, Whitefriars Street, Coventry CV1 2DS, UK; (A.E.); (J.B.)
| | - Brian Rooney
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK; (A.O.M.); (P.S.); (V.R.); (L.T.); (L.S.); (S.L.); (B.P.J.); (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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4
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Jin R, Gao Q, Yin C, Zou M, Lu K, Liu W, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Cheng R. The CD146-HIF-1α axis regulates epithelial cell migration and alveolar maturation in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Transl Med 2022; 102:794-804. [PMID: 35306530 PMCID: PMC9309096 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-022-00773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common challenge in preterm neonates. Retardation of alveolar development characterizes the pulmonary pathology in BPD. In the present study, we explored the roles of the CD146-HIF-1α axis in BPD. We demonstrated that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and soluble CD146 (sCD1146) were increased in the peripheral blood of preterm neonates with BPD. In alveolar epithelial cells, hyperoxia promoted the expression of HIF-1α and CD146, which reinforced each other. In a mouse model of BPD, by exposing pups to 65% hyperoxia, HIF-1α and CD146 were increased in the pulmonary tissues. Mechanistically, CD146 hindered the migration of alveolar epithelial cells; in contrast, movement was significantly enhanced in CD146-knockout alveolar epithelial cells. As expected, CD146-knockout ameliorated alveolarization and improved BPD disease severity. Taken together, our findings imply that the CD146-HIF-1α axis contributes to alveolarization and that CD146 may be a novel candidate in BPD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- grid.452511.6Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- grid.452511.6Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyu Yin
- grid.452511.6Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjia Zou
- grid.452511.6Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyu Lu
- grid.452511.6Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatal Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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5
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Jia D, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Jia J, Ye X, Zhou B, Chen X, Mo Y, Wang J. Ferroptosis is Involved in Hyperoxic Lung Injury in Neonatal Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5393-5401. [PMID: 34703276 PMCID: PMC8536887 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s335061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether ferroptosis is involved in hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) and its mechanisms through the HALI model. Methods HE staining was used to assess lung injury pathology after the establishment of neonatal rat HALI model. ELISA was used to detect ROS, GPX4, and GSH expression. Prussian blue staining and Western Blot were used to detect iron deposition and the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, respectively. Results The HALI group showed pathological changes with larger and fewer alveoli and thicker alveolar septa after HE staining. Prussian blue staining detected significant iron deposition in the lung tissue of the HALI group. GPX4, GSH, GSS, and SLC7A11 expressions were significantly decreased in the HALI group than in the normal control group. In contrast, ROS, TFRC, FHC, and FLC expressions showed opposite results (p<0.05). Conclusion Ferroptosis may be involved in the pathological process of hyperoxic lung injury in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyun Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqiu Jia
- Department of Pediatric, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317599, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ye
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhou
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchang Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Actin-Binding Proteins as Potential Biomarkers for Chronic Inflammation-Induced Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6692811. [PMID: 34194957 PMCID: PMC8203385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin-binding proteins (ABPs), by interacting with actin, regulate the polymerization, depolymerization, bundling, and cross-linking of actin filaments, directly or indirectly, thereby mediating the maintenance of cell morphology, cell movement, and many other biological functions. Consequently, these functions of ABPs help regulate cancer cell invasion and metastasis when cancer occurs. In recent years, a variety of ABPs have been found to be abnormally expressed in various cancers, indicating that the detection and interventions of unusual ABP expression to alter this are available for the treatment of cancer. The early stages of most cancer development involve long-term chronic inflammation or repeated stimulation. This is the case for breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. This article discusses the relationship between chronic inflammation and the above-mentioned cancers, emphatically introduces relevant research on the abnormal expression of ABPs in chronic inflammatory diseases, and reviews research on the expression of different ABPs in the above-mentioned cancers. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between ABP-induced inflammation and cancer. In simple terms, abnormal expression of ABPs contributes to the chronic inflammation developing into cancer. Finally, we provide our viewpoint regarding these unusual ABPs serving as potential biomarkers for chronic inflammation-induced cancer diagnosis and therapy, and interventions to reverse the abnormal expression of ABPs represent a potential approach to preventing or treating the corresponding cancers.
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Cofilin-1 promotes fibrocyte differentiation and contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 565:43-49. [PMID: 34090209 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocytes originate from the bone marrow monocyte lineage and participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Research providing a comprehensive picture of fibrocytes is still limited. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) is an important protein that regulates cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. Whether CFL-1 can induce monocyte differentiation into fibrocytes and promote the process of pulmonary fibrosis is unknown. Compared with that of healthy controls, the expression of CFL-1 was significantly increased in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) patients (P < 0.05). The percentages of peripheral blood fibrocytes in the IPF group (4.2550 ± 0.3483%) and CTD-ILD group (4.7100 ± 0.4811%) were higher than that in the control group (1.6340 ± 0.2549%) (both P < 0.05). In vitro, PBMCs transfected with siRNA-CFL-1 showed lower expression of CFL-1, and the percentage of fibrocytes was lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). PBMCs transfected with Lv-CFL-1 to increase the expression of CFL-1 showed a higher percentage of fibrocytes than the control (P < 0.05). In mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the relative expression of CFL-1 was increased, and the percentage of fibrocytes was higher than that in the saline group (P < 0.05). In bleomycin-induced mice, interference with Lv-CFL-1 decreased the expression of CFL-1, the percentage of fibrocytes was lower, and the lung tissue showed less fibrosis (P < 0.05). The overexpression of CFL-1 is associated with pulmonary fibrogenesis. CFL-1 could promote the differentiation of fibrocytes from monocyte peripheral blood mononuclear cells and promote pulmonary fibrosis.
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8
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Cocaine Induces Cytoskeletal Changes in Cardiac Myocytes: Implications for Cardiac Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052263. [PMID: 33668403 PMCID: PMC7956613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is one of the most widely abused illicit drugs worldwide and has long been recognised as an agent of cardiac dysfunction in numerous cases of drug overdose. Cocaine has previously been shown to up-regulate cytoskeletal rearrangements and morphological changes in numerous tissues; however, previous literature observes such changes primarily in clinical case reports and addiction studies. An investigation into the fundamental cytoskeletal parameters of migration, adhesion and proliferation were studied to determine the cytoskeletal and cytotoxic basis of cocaine in cardiac cells. Treatment of cardiac myocytes with cocaine increased cell migration and adhesion (p < 0.05), with no effect on cell proliferation, except with higher doses eliciting (1–10 μg/mL) its diminution and increase in cell death. Cocaine downregulated phosphorylation of cofilin, decreased expression of adhesion modulators (integrin-β3) and increased expression of ezirin within three hours of 1 μg/mL treatments. These functional responses were associated with changes in cellular morphology, including alterations in membrane stability and a stellate-like phenotype with less compaction between cells. Higher dose treatments of cocaine (5–10 μg/mL) were associated with significant cardiomyocyte cell death (p < 0.05) and loss of cellular architecture. These results highlight the importance of cocaine in mediating cardiomyocyte function and cytotoxicity associated with the possible loss of intercellular contacts required to maintain normal cell viability, with implications for cardiotoxicity relating to hypertrophy and fibrogenesis.
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Lignelli E, Palumbo F, Myti D, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L832-L887. [PMID: 31596603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development, where the process of alveolarization-the generation of alveolar gas exchange units-is impeded, through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. As such, there is interest in the clarification both of the pathomechanisms at play in affected lungs, and the mechanisms of de novo alveoli generation in healthy, developing lungs. A better understanding of normal and pathological alveolarization might reveal opportunities for improved medical management of affected infants. Furthermore, disturbances to the alveolar architecture are a key histopathological feature of several adult chronic lung diseases, including emphysema and fibrosis, and it is envisaged that knowledge about the mechanisms of alveologenesis might facilitate regeneration of healthy lung parenchyma in affected patients. To this end, recent efforts have interrogated clinical data, developed new-and refined existing-in vivo and in vitro models of BPD, have applied new microscopic and radiographic approaches, and have developed advanced cell-culture approaches, including organoid generation. Advances have also been made in the development of other methodologies, including single-cell analysis, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, as well as the generation and use of complex mouse genetics tools. The objective of this review is to present advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and BPD over the period 1 January 2017-30 June 2019, a period that spans the 50th anniversary of the original clinical description of BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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10
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Wang X, Cui H, Wu S. CTGF: A potential therapeutic target for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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