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Iman MN, Haslam DE, Liang L, Guo K, Joshipura K, Pérez CM, Clish C, Tucker KL, Manson JE, Bhupathiraju SN, Fukusaki E, Lasky-Su J, Putri SP. Multidisciplinary approach combining food metabolomics and epidemiology identifies meglutol as an important bioactive metabolite in tempe, an Indonesian fermented food. Food Chem 2024; 446:138744. [PMID: 38432131 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a multidisciplinary approach to investigate bioactive food metabolites often overlooked due to their low concentrations. We integrated an in-house food metabolite library (n = 494), a human metabolite library (n = 891) from epidemiological studies, and metabolite pharmacological databases to screen for food metabolites with potential bioactivity. We identified six potential metabolites, including meglutol (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate), an understudied low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering compound. We further focused on meglutol as a case study to showcase the range of characterizations achievable with this approach. Green pea tempe was identified to contain the highest meglutol concentration (21.8 ± 4.6 mg/100 g). Furthermore, we identified a significant cross-sectional association between plasma meglutol (per 1-standard deviation) and lower LDL cholesterol in two Hispanic adult cohorts (n = 1,628) (β [standard error]: -5.5 (1.6) mg/dl, P = 0.0005). These findings highlight how multidisciplinary metabolomics can serve as a systematic tool for discovering and enhancing bioactive metabolites in food, such as meglutol, with potential applications in personalized dietary approaches for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin N Iman
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Danielle E Haslam
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Kaumudi Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Cynthia M Pérez
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan; Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Japan; Osaka University-Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sastia P Putri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan; Osaka University-Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Japan.
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Tanno K. Which Metabolites are Involved in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerotic Disease in NAFLD? J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:1024-1025. [PMID: 38644202 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Tanno
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University
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3
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Li XJ, Fang C, Zhao RH, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116313. [PMID: 38788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs. These different BAs exert complex effects on health and ageing-related diseases through several key nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still debated. Therefore, the modulation of signalling pathways by regulating synthesis and composition of BAs represents an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies of ageing-related diseases. This review provides an overview of synthesis and transportion of BAs in the healthy body, emphasizing its dependence on microbial community metabolic capacity. Additionally, the review also explores how ageing and ageing-related diseases affect metabolism and composition of BAs. Understanding BA metabolism network and the impact of their nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 5 agonists, paves the way for developing therapeutic agents for targeting BA metabolism in various ageing-related diseases, such as metabolic disorder, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, renal damage and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Chu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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4
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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Fu Y, Wang Y, Ren H, Guo X, Han L. Branched-chain amino acids and the risks of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1369493. [PMID: 38659706 PMCID: PMC11040674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1369493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to examine the association between blood levels of Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) - specifically isoleucine, leucine, and valine - and the susceptibility to three neurodegenerative disorders: dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Based on data from the UK Biobank, a Cox proportional hazard regression model and a dose-response relationship were used to analyze the association between BCAAs and the risks of dementia, AD, and PD. We also generated a healthy lifestyle score and a polygenic risk score. Besides, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to ensure the robustness of our findings. Results After adjusting for multiple covariates, blood concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, and valine were significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia and AD. This association remained robust even in sensitivity analyses. Similarly, higher levels of isoleucine and leucine in the blood were found to be associated with an increased risk of PD, but this positive correlation could potentially be explained by the presence of covariates. Further analysis using a dose-response approach revealed that a blood leucine concentration of 2.14 mmol/L was associated with the lowest risk of dementia. Conclusion BCAAs have the potential to serve as a biomarker for dementia and AD. However, the specific mechanism through which BCAAs are linked to the development of dementia, AD, and PD remains unclear and necessitates additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiming Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Center for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Epidemiology and Translational Medicine, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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Li M, Liu L, Zhang C, Deng L, Zhong Y, Liao B, Li X, Wan Y, Feng J. The latest emerging drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:641-654. [PMID: 38660817 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2347468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus involving multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. In addition to hypoglycemic agents commonly used in diabetes, metabolism-related drugs, natural plant extracts, melatonin, exosomes, and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are cardioprotective in DCM. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of drugs for DCM. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors systematically summarize the most recent drugs used for the treatment of DCM and discusses them from the perspective of DCM pathophysiological mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION We discuss DCM drugs from the perspective of the pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM, mainly including inflammation and metabolism. As a disease with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, the combination of drugs may be more advantageous, and we have discussed some of the current studies on the combination of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Chen W, Li Y, Li M, Li H, Chen C, Lin Y. Association between dietary carotenoid intakes and abdominal aortic calcification in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:20. [PMID: 38303096 PMCID: PMC10835982 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an important marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to explore the association between carotenoid intakes and AAC. METHODS We included 2889 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary carotenoid intakes were obtained through 24-h dietary recall interviews. Severe AAC was defined as a Kauppila score > 5. The main analysis utilizes logistic and restricted cubic spline models. RESULT Severe AAC was detected in 378 (13.08%) participants. In fully adjusted models, the odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin and total carotenoid intakes for individuals with severe AAC were 0.53 (0.23-0.77), 0.39 (0.19-0.80), 0.18 (0.05-0.62), 0.40 (0.20-0.78), 0.53 (0.32-0.88) and 0.38 (0.18-0.77) in the highest versus lowest quartile intake, respectively. Dose-response analyses revealed that all of the carotenoids were associated with decreased risk of severe AAC in a nonlinear trend. Total carotenoid intakes of at least 100ug/kg/day were associated with decreased odds for severe AAC. CONCLUSION α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein with zeaxanthin and total carotenoids were inversely associated with the risk of severe AAC in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Nutrition of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Min Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hai Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Caifang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Nutrition of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Yanzhao Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Furlong MA, Liu T, Snider JM, Tfaily MM, Itson C, Beitel S, Parsawar K, Keck K, Galligan J, Walker DI, Gulotta JJ, Burgess JL. Evaluating changes in firefighter urinary metabolomes after structural fires: an untargeted, high resolution approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20872. [PMID: 38012297 PMCID: PMC10682406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Firefighters have elevated rates of urinary tract cancers and other adverse health outcomes, which may be attributable to environmental occupational exposures. Untargeted metabolomics was applied to characterize this suite of environmental exposures and biological changes in response to occupational firefighting. 200 urine samples from 100 firefighters collected at baseline and two to four hours post-fire were analyzed using untargeted liquid-chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Changes in metabolite abundance after a fire were estimated with fixed effects linear regression, with false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was also used, and variable important projection (VIP) scores were extracted. Systemic changes were evaluated using pathway enrichment for highly discriminating metabolites. Metabolome-wide-association-study (MWAS) identified 268 metabolites associated with firefighting activity at FDR q < 0.05. Of these, 20 were annotated with high confidence, including the amino acids taurine, proline, and betaine; the indoles kynurenic acid and indole-3-acetic acid; the known uremic toxins trimethylamine n-oxide and hippuric acid; and the hormone 7a-hydroxytestosterone. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) additionally implicated choline, cortisol, and other hormones. Significant pathways included metabolism of urea cycle/amino group, alanine and aspartate, aspartate and asparagine, vitamin b3 (nicotinate and nicotinamide), and arginine and proline. Firefighters show a broad metabolic response to fires, including altered excretion of indole compounds and uremic toxins. Implicated pathways and features, particularly uremic toxins, may be important regulators of firefighter's increased risk for urinary tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Furlong
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Tuo Liu
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Christian Itson
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Krishna Parsawar
- Analytical and Biological Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Kristen Keck
- Analytical and Biological Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Douglas I Walker
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Environmental Health Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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Fuller H, Zhu Y, Nicholas J, Chatelaine HA, Drzymalla EM, Sarvestani AK, Julián-Serrano S, Tahir UA, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Raffield LM, Rahnavard A, Hua X, Shutta KH, Darst BF. Metabolomic epidemiology offers insights into disease aetiology. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1656-1672. [PMID: 37872285 PMCID: PMC11164316 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomic epidemiology is the high-throughput study of the relationship between metabolites and health-related traits. This emerging and rapidly growing field has improved our understanding of disease aetiology and contributed to advances in precision medicine. As the field continues to develop, metabolomic epidemiology could lead to the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers predictive of disease risk, aiding in earlier disease detection and better prognosis. In this Review, we discuss key advances facilitated by the field of metabolomic epidemiology for a range of conditions, including cardiometabolic diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19, with a focus on potential clinical utility. Core principles in metabolomic epidemiology, including study design, causal inference methods and multi-omic integration, are briefly discussed. Future directions required for clinical translation of metabolomic epidemiology findings are summarized, emphasizing public health implications. Further work is needed to establish which metabolites reproducibly improve clinical risk prediction in diverse populations and are causally related to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriett Fuller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayna Nicholas
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haley A Chatelaine
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily M Drzymalla
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afrand K Sarvestani
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Usman A Tahir
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ali Rahnavard
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xinwei Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Burcu F Darst
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Cai J, Chong CCY, Cheng CY, Lim CC, Sabanayagam C. Circulating Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease in Asians with Chronic Kidney Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2023; 13:301-309. [PMID: 37669626 PMCID: PMC10664326 DOI: 10.1159/000533741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem, with significant burden of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The risk of cardiovascular disease in CKD is elevated beyond that predicted by traditional cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting that other factors may account for this increased risk. Through metabolic profiling, this study aimed to investigate the associations between serum metabolites and prevalent cardiovascular disease in Asian patients with CKD to provide insights into the complex interactions between metabolism, cardiovascular disease and CKD. METHODS This was a single-center cross-sectional study of 1,122 individuals from three ethnic cohorts in the population-based Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease (SEED) study (153 Chinese, 262 Indians, and 707 Malays) aged 40-80 years with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to quantify 228 metabolites from the participants' serum or plasma. Prevalent cardiovascular disease was defined as self-reported myocardial infarction, angina, or stroke. Multivariate logistic regression identified metabolites independently associated with cardiovascular disease in each ethnic cohort. Metabolites with the same direction of association with cardiovascular disease in all three cohorts were selected and subjected to meta-analysis. RESULTS Cardiovascular disease was present in 275 (24.5%). Participants with cardiovascular disease tend to be male; of older age; with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes; with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP); lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol than those without cardiovascular disease. After adjusting for age, sex, systolic BP, diabetes, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, 10 lipoprotein subclass ratios and 6 other metabolites were significantly associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in at least one cohort. Meta-analysis with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons found that lower tyrosine, leucine, and valine concentrations and lower cholesteryl esters to total lipid ratio in intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) were associated with cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION In Chinese, Indian, and Malay participants with CKD, prevalent cardiovascular disease was associated with tyrosine, leucine, valine, and cholesteryl esters to total lipid ratios in IDL. Increased cardiovascular risk in CKD patients may be contributed by altered amino acid and lipoprotein metabolism. The presence of CKD and ethnic differences may affect interactions between metabolites in health and disease, hence greater understanding will allow us to better risk stratify patients, and also individualize care with consideration of ethnic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashen Cai
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ching Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cynthia Ciwei Lim
- Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Lista S, González-Domínguez R, López-Ortiz S, González-Domínguez Á, Menéndez H, Martín-Hernández J, Lucia A, Emanuele E, Centonze D, Imbimbo BP, Triaca V, Lionetto L, Simmaco M, Cuperlovic-Culf M, Mill J, Li L, Mapstone M, Santos-Lozano A, Nisticò R. Integrative metabolomics science in Alzheimer's disease: Relevance and future perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101987. [PMID: 37343679 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is determined by various pathophysiological mechanisms starting 10-25 years before the onset of clinical symptoms. As multiple functionally interconnected molecular/cellular pathways appear disrupted in AD, the exploitation of high-throughput unbiased omics sciences is critical to elucidating the precise pathogenesis of AD. Among different omics, metabolomics is a fast-growing discipline allowing for the simultaneous detection and quantification of hundreds/thousands of perturbed metabolites in tissues or biofluids, reproducing the fluctuations of multiple networks affected by a disease. Here, we seek to critically depict the main metabolomics methodologies with the aim of identifying new potential AD biomarkers and further elucidating AD pathophysiological mechanisms. From a systems biology perspective, as metabolic alterations can occur before the development of clinical signs, metabolomics - coupled with existing accessible biomarkers used for AD screening and diagnosis - can support early disease diagnosis and help develop individualized treatment plans. Presently, the majority of metabolomic analyses emphasized that lipid metabolism is the most consistently altered pathway in AD pathogenesis. The possibility that metabolomics may reveal crucial steps in AD pathogenesis is undermined by the difficulty in discriminating between the causal or epiphenomenal or compensatory nature of metabolic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Diego Centonze
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy; Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Lionetto
- Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- Clinical Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry Section, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Miroslava Cuperlovic-Culf
- Digital Technologies Research Center, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jericha Mill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid, Spain; Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome, Italy
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12
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Gora AH, Rehman S, Dias J, Fernandes JMO, Olsvik PA, Sørensen M, Kiron V. Protective mechanisms of a microbial oil against hypercholesterolemia: evidence from a zebrafish model. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1161119. [PMID: 37435570 PMCID: PMC10332275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A Western diet elevates the circulating lipoprotein and triglyceride levels which are the major risk factors in cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids can stall the disease progression. Although these fatty acids can significantly impact the intestine under a hypercholesterolemic condition, the associated changes have not been studied in detail. Therefore, we investigated the alterations in the intestinal transcriptome along with the deviations in the plasma lipids and liver histomorphology of zebrafish offered DHA- and EPA-rich oil. Fish were allocated to 4 dietary treatments: a control group, a high cholesterol group and microbial oil groups with low (3.3%) and high (6.6%) inclusion levels. We quantified the total cholesterol, lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the plasma. In addition, we assessed the liver histology, intestinal transcriptome and plasma lipidomic profiles of the study groups. The results suggested that higher levels of dietary microbial oil could control the CVD risk factor indices in zebrafish plasma. Furthermore, microbial oil-fed fish had fewer liver vacuoles and higher mRNA levels of genes involved in β-oxidation and HDL maturation. Analyses of the intestine transcriptome revealed that microbial oil supplementation could influence the expression of genes altered by a hypercholesterolemic diet. The plasma lipidomic profiles revealed that the higher level of microbial oil tested could elevate the long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acid content of triglyceride species and lower the concentration of several lysophosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol molecules. Our study provides insights into the effectiveness of microbial oil against dyslipidemia in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan H. Gora
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Saima Rehman
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | | | | | - Pål A. Olsvik
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
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13
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Zhang L, Zhang H, Xie X, Tie R, Shang X, Zhao Q, Xu J, Jin L, Zhang J, Ye P. Empagliflozin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via regulated branched-chain amino acid metabolism and mTOR/p-ULK1 signaling pathway-mediated autophagy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:93. [PMID: 37149696 PMCID: PMC10163822 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), has been reported to significantly reduce the risk of heart failure in multiple clinical studies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Thirty male 8-week KK Cg-Ay/J mice were used to study diabetic cardiomyopathy; here, 15 were used as the model group, and the remaining 15 were administered empagliflozin (3.75 mg/kg/day) by gavage daily for 16 weeks. The control group consisted of fifteen male 8-week C57BL/6J mice, whose blood glucose and body weight were measured simultaneously with the diabetic mice until 16 weeks without additional intervention. Echocardiography and histopathology were performed to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Proteomic sequencing and biogenic analysis were performed on mouse hearts. Parallel Reaction Monitoring and western blotting were performed to validate the expression levels of differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS The results showed that empagliflozin improved ventricular dilatation and ejection fraction reduction in diabetic hearts, as well as the elevation of myocardial injury biomarkers hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP. At the same time, empagliflozin alleviates myocardial inflammatory infiltration, calcification foci deposition, and fibrosis caused by diabetes. The results of the proteomics assay showed that empagliflozin could improve the metabolism of various substances, especially promoting the BCAA metabolism of diabetic hearts by up-regulating PP2Cm. Furthermore, empagliflozin could affect the mTOR/p-ULK1 signaling pathway by reducing the concentration of BCAA in diabetic hearts. When mTOR/p-ULK1 protein was inhibited, ULK1, the autophagy initiation molecule, increased. Moreover, autophagy substrate p62 and autophagy marker LC3B were significantly reduced, indicating that the autophagy activity of diabetes inhibition was reactivated. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin may attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy-related myocardial injury by promoting the catabolism of BCAA and inhibiting mTOR/p-ULK1 to enhance autophagy. These findings suggest that empagliflozin could be a potential candidate drug against BCAA increase and could be used for other cardiovascular diseases with a metabolic disorder of BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 963 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Jiamusi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiuzhu Xie
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruping Tie
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Support Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Health Service Department of the Guard Bureau of the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Jin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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14
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Pharmacometabolomics for the Study of Lipid-Lowering Therapies: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043291. [PMID: 36834701 PMCID: PMC9960554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-lowering therapies are widely used to prevent the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and related mortality worldwide. "Omics" technologies have been successfully applied in recent decades to investigate the mechanisms of action of these drugs, their pleiotropic effects, and their side effects, aiming to identify novel targets for future personalized medicine with an improvement of the efficacy and safety associated with the treatment. Pharmacometabolomics is a branch of metabolomics that is focused on the study of drug effects on metabolic pathways that are implicated in the variation of response to the treatment considering also the influences from a specific disease, environment, and concomitant pharmacological therapies. In this review, we summarized the most significant metabolomic studies on the effects of lipid-lowering therapies, including the most commonly used statins and fibrates to novel drugs or nutraceutical approaches. The integration of pharmacometabolomics data with the information obtained from the other "omics" approaches could help in the comprehension of the biological mechanisms underlying the use of lipid-lowering drugs in view of defining a precision medicine to improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects associated with the treatment.
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15
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Abstract
Research conducted in the past 15 years has yielded crucial insights that are reshaping our understanding of the systems physiology of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the close relationship between BCAA homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The rapidly evolving literature paints a complex picture, in which numerous tissue-specific and disease-specific modes of BCAA regulation initiate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms that connect changes in BCAA homeostasis to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In this Review, we outline the current understanding of the major factors regulating BCAA abundance and metabolic fate, highlight molecular mechanisms connecting impaired BCAA homeostasis to cardiovascular disease, discuss the epidemiological evidence connecting BCAAs with various cardiovascular disease states and identify current knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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16
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Chrysant SG, Chrysant GS. Association of physical activity and trajectories of physical activity with cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 21:87-96. [PMID: 36706273 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2023.2174102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged sedentary life existence is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, heart failure (HF), and all-cause mortality. On the contrary, regular exercise is known from antiquity to be associated with beneficial cardiovascular (CV) effects and decreased mortality. AREAS COVERED The cardiovascular (CV) benefits of exercise have been confirmed by many studies, but the trajectories of the different modes of PA are not well recognized. In order to examine the different modalities of exercise and its long-term trajectories, a Medline search of the English literature was conducted between 2015 and 2022 and 60 pertinent papers were selected for review. EXPERT OPINION Careful review of the selected papers showed that the beneficial CV effects of PA are mediated through several favorable modifications of molecular and clinical factors. Also, any type of physical activity in conjunction with lifestyle adjustments is associated with decreased incidence of CVD, CHD, obesity, T2DM, hypertension, HF, and all-cause mortality. In addition, the long-term trajectories regarding the duration and the level of exercise are associated with greater beneficial CV effects, with even the resumption of discontinued exercise can lead to beneficial CV effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - George S Chrysant
- Department of Cardiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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17
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Zhu Q, Qin M, Wang Z, Wu Y, Chen X, Liu C, Ma Q, Liu Y, Lai W, Chen H, Cai J, Liu Y, Lei F, Zhang B, Zhang S, He G, Li H, Zhang M, Zheng H, Chen J, Huang M, Zhong S. Plasma metabolomics provides new insights into the relationship between metabolites and outcomes and left ventricular remodeling of coronary artery disease. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:173. [PMID: 36242008 PMCID: PMC9569076 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a metabolically perturbed pathological condition. However, the knowledge of metabolic signatures on outcomes of CAD and their potential causal effects and impacts on left ventricular remodeling remains limited. We aim to assess the contribution of plasma metabolites to the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as well as left ventricular remodeling. RESULTS In a prospective study with 1606 Chinese patients with CAD, we have identified and validated several independent metabolic signatures through widely-targeted metabolomics. The predictive model respectively integrating four metabolic signatures (dulcitol, β-pseudouridine, 3,3',5-Triiodo-L-thyronine, and kynurenine) for death (AUC of 83.7% vs. 76.6%, positive IDI of 0.096) and metabolic signatures (kynurenine, lysoPC 20:2, 5-methyluridine, and L-tryptophan) for MACE (AUC of 67.4% vs. 59.8%, IDI of 0.068) yielded better predictive value than trimethylamine N-oxide plus clinical model, which were successfully applied to predict patients with high risks of death (P = 0.0014) and MACE (P = 0.0008) in the multicenter validation cohort. Mendelian randomisation analysis showed that 11 genetically inferred metabolic signatures were significantly associated with risks of death or MACE, such as 4-acetamidobutyric acid, phenylacetyl-L-glutamine, tryptophan metabolites (kynurenine, kynurenic acid), and modified nucleosides (β-pseudouridine, 2-(dimethylamino) guanosine). Mediation analyses show that the association of these metabolites with the outcomes could be partly explained by their roles in promoting left ventricular dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This study provided new insights into the relationship between plasma metabolites and clinical outcomes and its intermediate pathological process left ventricular dysfunction in CAD. The predictive model integrating metabolites can help to improve the risk stratification for death and MACE in CAD. The metabolic signatures appear to increase death or MACE risks partly by promoting adverse left ventricular dysfunction, supporting potential therapeutic targets of CAD for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Qin
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Zixian Wang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Chen Liu
- grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Qilin Ma
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yibin Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Weihua Lai
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hui Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Yemao Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Fang Lei
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220 Guangdong China
| | - Guodong He
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Hanping Li
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430000 Hubei China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
| | - Min Huang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong China
| | - Shilong Zhong
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China ,grid.79703.3a0000 0004 1764 3838School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
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Exercise Enhances Branched-Chain Amino Acid Catabolism and Decreases Cardiac Vulnerability to Myocardial Ischemic Injury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101706. [PMID: 35626742 PMCID: PMC9139679 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exercise-induced metabolic adaptations occupy a central position in exercise-afforded cardiac benefits. Emerging evidence suggests that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic defect contributes to cardiac dysfunction in multiple cardiometabolic diseases. However, the role of BCAA catabolism in exercise-afforded cardiac benefits remains unknown. Here, we show that exercise improves BCAA catabolism and thus reduce cardiac vulnerability to myocardial ischemic injury. Exercise increased circulating BCAA levels in both humans (male adolescent athletes) and mice (following an 8-week swimming intervention). It increased the expression of mitochondrial localized 2C-type serine-threonine protein phosphatase (PP2Cm), a key enzyme in regulating BCAA catabolism, and decreased BCAA accumulation in mouse hearts, indicating an increase in BCAA catabolism. Pharmacological promotion of BCAA catabolism protected the mouse heart against myocardial infarction (MI) induced by permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Although cardiac-specific PP2Cm knockout showed no significant effects on cardiac structural and functional adaptations to exercise, it blunted the cardioprotective effects of exercise against MI. Mechanistically, exercise alleviated BCAA accumulation and subsequently inactivated the mammalian target of rapamycin in MI hearts. These results showed that exercise elevated BCAA catabolism and protected the heart against myocardial ischemic injury, reinforcing the role of exercise in the promotion of cardiac health.
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Huang Z, Klaric L, Krasauskaite J, McLachlan S, Strachan MWJ, Wilson JF, Price JF. Serum metabolomic profiles associated with subclinical and clinical cardiovascular phenotypes in people with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:62. [PMID: 35477395 PMCID: PMC9047374 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the leading cause of death in diabetes, but the full range of biomarkers reflecting atherosclerotic burden and CVD risk in people with diabetes is unknown. Metabolomics may help identify novel biomarkers potentially involved in development of atherosclerosis. We investigated the serum metabolomic profile of subclinical atherosclerosis, measured using ankle brachial index (ABI), in people with type 2 diabetes, compared with the profile for symptomatic CVD in the same population. METHODS The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study is a cohort of 1,066 individuals with type 2 diabetes. ABI was measured at baseline, years 4 and 10, with cardiovascular events assessed at baseline and during 10 years of follow-up. A panel of 228 metabolites was measured at baseline using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and their association with both ABI and prevalent CVD was explored using univariate regression models and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Metabolites associated with baseline ABI were further explored for association with follow-up ABI and incident CVD. RESULTS Mean (standard deviation, SD) ABI at baseline was 0.97 (0.18, N = 1025), and prevalence of CVD was 35.0%. During 10-year follow-up, mean (SD) change in ABI was + 0.006 (0.178, n = 436), and 257 CVD events occurred. Lactate, glycerol, creatinine and glycoprotein acetyls levels were associated with baseline ABI in both univariate regression [βs (95% confidence interval, CI) ranged from - 0.025 (- 0.036, - 0.015) to - 0.023 (- 0.034, - 0.013), all p < 0.0002] and LASSO analysis. The associations remained nominally significant after adjustment for major vascular risk factors. In prospective analyses, lactate was nominally associated with ABI measured at years 4 and 10 after adjustment for baseline ABI. The four ABI-associated metabolites were all positively associated with prevalent CVD [odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.29 (1.13, 1.47) to 1.49 (1.29, 1.74), all p < 0.0002], and they were also positively associated with incident CVD [ORs (95% CI) ranged from 1.19 (1.02, 1.39) to 1.35 (1.17, 1.56), all p < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolites relating to glycolysis, fluid balance and inflammation were independently associated with both a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and with symptomatic CVD in people with type 2 diabetes. Additional investigation is warranted to determine their roles as possible etiological and/or predictive biomarkers for atherosclerotic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Justina Krasauskaite
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Serum Lipidome Signatures of Dogs with Different Endocrinopathies Associated with Hyperlipidemia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040306. [PMID: 35448493 PMCID: PMC9031822 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia) is a common finding in human and veterinary patients with endocrinopathies (e.g., hypothyroidism and hypercortisolism (Cushing’s syndrome; CS)). Despite emerging use of lipidomics technology in medicine, the lipid profiles of these endocrinopathies have not been evaluated and characterized in dogs. The aim of this study was to compare the serum lipidomes of dogs with naturally occurring CS or hypothyroidism with those of healthy dogs. Serum samples from 39 dogs with CS, 45 dogs with hypothyroidism, and 10 healthy beagle dogs were analyzed using a targeted lipidomics approach with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. There were significant differences between the lipidomes of dogs with CS, hypothyroidism, and the healthy dogs. The most significant changes were found in the lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, ceramides, and sphingosine 1-phosphates. Lipid alterations were especially pronounced in dogs with hypothyroidism. Several changes suggested a more atherogenic lipid profile in dogs with HT than in dogs with CS. In this study, we found so far unknown effects of naturally occurring hypothyroidism and CS on lipid metabolism in dogs. Our findings provide starting points to further examine differences in occurrence of atherosclerotic lesion formation between the two diseases.
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Zhang S, Zhou J, Wu W, Zhu Y, Liu X. The Role of Bile Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases: from Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Aging Dis 2022; 14:261-282. [PMID: 37008052 PMCID: PMC10017164 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs), key regulators in the metabolic network, are not only involved in lipid digestion and absorption but also serve as potential therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders. Studies have shown that cardiac dysfunction is associated with abnormal BA metabolic pathways. As ligands for several nuclear receptors and membrane receptors, BAs systematically regulate the homeostasis of metabolism and participate in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. However, the molecular mechanism by which BAs trigger CVDs remains controversial. Therefore, the regulation of BA signal transduction by modulating the synthesis and composition of BAs is an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies for CVDs. Here, we mainly summarized the metabolism of BAs and their role in cardiomyocytes and noncardiomyocytes in CVDs. Moreover, we comprehensively discussed the clinical prospects of BAs in CVDs and analyzed the clinical diagnostic and application value of BAs. The latest development prospects of BAs in the field of new drug development are also prospected. We aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of BAs treatment in CVDs, and the relationship between BAs and CVDs may provide new avenues for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Junteng Zhou
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Xiaojing Liu (), and Prof. Ye Zhu (), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Xiaojing Liu (), and Prof. Ye Zhu (), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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