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Le NMT, So KK, Chun J, Kim DH. Expression of virus-like particles (VLPs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:81. [PMID: 38194136 PMCID: PMC10776484 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to express structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and produce virus-like particles (VLPs). The gene, which encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP0 (VP4 and VP2), VP3, and VP1), followed by a translational "ribosomal skipping" sequence consisting of 2A and protease 3C, was codon-optimized and chemically synthesized. The cloned gene was used to transform S. cerevisiae 2805 strain. Western blot analysis revealed that the polyprotein consisting of VP0, VP3, and VP1 was processed into the discrete capsid proteins. Western blot analysis of 3C confirmed the presence of discrete 3C protein, suggesting that the 2A sequence functioned as a "ribosomal skipping" signal in the yeast for an internal re-initiation of 3C translation from a monocistronic transcript, thereby indicating polyprotein processing by the discrete 3C protease. Moreover, a band corresponding to only VP2, which was known to be non-enzymatically processed from VP0 to both VP4 and VP2 during viral assembly, further validated the assembly of processed capsid proteins into VLPs. Electron microscopy showed the presence of the characteristic icosahedral VLPs. Our results clearly demonstrate that S. cerevisiae processes the viral structural polyprotein using a viral 3C protease and the resulting viral capsid subunits are assembled into virion particles. KEY POINTS: • Ribosomal skipping by self-cleaving FMDV peptide in S. cerevisiae. • Proteolytic processing of a structural polyprotein from a monocistronic transcript. • Assembly of the processed viral capsid proteins into a virus-like particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc My Tieu Le
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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Le NMT, So KK, Kim DH. Oral immunization against foot-and-mouth disease virus using recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the improved expression of the codon-optimized VP1 fusion protein. Vet Microbiol 2024; 296:110192. [PMID: 39032444 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
VP1, a major immunogenic protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), facilitates viral attachment and entry into host cells. VP1 possesses critical epitope sequences responsible for inducing neutralizing antibodies but its expression using Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been hampered despite evidence that the presence of VP1 does not negatively impact the yeast's biology. In this study, we fused proteins to enhance VP1 expression using S. cerevisiae. Among short P1 chimeras containing VP1 including VP3-VP1 and VP2-VP1, VP3-VP1 fusion proteins showed higher expression levels than VP2-VP1. We subsequently designed new fusion proteins, of which 20 amino acids of N-terminal VP3 fused with VP1-Co1 (referred to 20aaVP3-VP1-Co1) showed the highest expression level. Lowering the culture temperature from 30 ⁰C to 20 ⁰C further enhanced fusion protein production. The highest expression level of 20aaVP3-VP1-Co1 was estimated to be 7.7 mg/L, which is comparable to other heterologous proteins produced using our S. cerevisiae expression system. Oral administration of the cell expressing 20aaVP3-VP1-Co1 induced VP1-specific IgG and IgA responses in mice. The S. cerevisiae-expressed 20aaVP3-VP1-Co1 fusion protein induced a significant immune response to the FMDV structural epitope protein, which opens the possibility of an oral FMDV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc My Tieu Le
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896 Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Akter R, Tasneem F, Das S, Soma MA, Georgakopoulos-Soares I, Juthi RT, Sazed SA. Approaches of dengue control: vaccine strategies and future aspects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362780. [PMID: 38487527 PMCID: PMC10937410 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), affects millions of people worldwide every year. This virus has two distinct life cycles, one in the human and another in the mosquito, and both cycles are crucial to be controlled. To control the vector of DENV, the mosquito Aedes aegypti, scientists employed many techniques, which were later proved ineffective and harmful in many ways. Consequently, the attention shifted to the development of a vaccine; researchers have targeted the E protein, a surface protein of the virus and the NS1 protein, an extracellular protein. There are several types of vaccines developed so far, such as live attenuated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, viral vectored vaccines, DNA vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. Along with these, scientists are exploring new strategies of developing improved version of the vaccine by employing recombinant DNA plasmid against NS1 and also aiming to prevent the infection by blocking the DENV life cycle inside the mosquitoes. Here, we discussed the aspects of research in the field of vaccines until now and identified some prospects for future vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faria Tasneem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvo Das
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ilias Georgakopoulos-Soares
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rifat Tasnim Juthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saiful Arefeen Sazed
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Valdez-Cruz NA, Rosiles-Becerril D, Martínez-Olivares CE, García-Hernández E, Cobos-Marín L, Garzón D, López-Salas FE, Zavala G, Luviano A, Olvera A, Alagón A, Ramírez OT, Trujillo-Roldán MA. Oral administration of a recombinant modified RBD antigen of SARS-CoV-2 as a possible immunostimulant for the care of COVID-19. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38321489 PMCID: PMC10848483 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 that consider manufacturing limitations, equitable access, and acceptance is necessary for developing platforms to produce antigens that can be efficiently presented for generating neutralizing antibodies and as a model for new vaccines. RESULTS This work presents the development of an applicable technology through the oral administration of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen fused with a peptide to improve its antigenic presentation. We focused on the development and production of the recombinant receptor binding domain (RBD) produced in E. coli modified with the addition of amino acids extension designed to improve antigen presentation. The production was carried out in shake flask and bioreactor cultures, obtaining around 200 mg/L of the antigen. The peptide-fused RBD and peptide-free RBD proteins were characterized and compared using SDS-PAGE gel, high-performance chromatography, and circular dichroism. The peptide-fused RBD was formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion for oral mice immunization. The peptide-fused RBD, compared to RBD, induced robust IgG production in mice, capable of recognizing the recombinant RBD in Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, the peptide-fused RBD generated neutralizing antibodies in the sera of the dosed mice. The formulation showed no reactive episodes and no changes in temperature or vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of the designed peptide added to the RBD to improve antigen immunostimulation by oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Diego Rosiles-Becerril
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Constanza E Martínez-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Enrique García-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Cobos-Marín
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Garzón
- Unidad de Modelos Biológicos, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Francisco E López-Salas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Zavala
- Unidad de Microscopia Electrónica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Axel Luviano
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Olvera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Alagón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Octavio T Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, Mexico
| | - Mauricio A Trujillo-Roldán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, México. AP. 70228, CP. 04510, México, D.F, Mexico.
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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Jain S, Vimal N, Angmo N, Sengupta M, Thangaraj S. Dengue Vaccination: Towards a New Dawn of Curbing Dengue Infection. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1096-1149. [PMID: 37962036 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2280698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and is a serious global burden. Antibody-dependent enhancement and the ability of DENV to infect immune cells, along with other factors, lead to fatal Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome. This necessitates the development of a robust and efficient vaccine but vaccine development faces a number of hurdles. In this review, we look at the epidemiology, genome structure and cellular targets of DENV and elaborate upon the immune responses generated by human immune system against DENV infection. The review further sheds light on various challenges in development of a potent vaccine against DENV which is followed by presenting a current account of different vaccines which are being developed or have been licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Independent Researcher, Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, India
| | - Neha Vimal
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nilza Angmo
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Janki Devi Bajaj Government Girls College, University of Kota, Kota, India
| | - Suraj Thangaraj
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Ambajogai, India
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Silva AJD, de Sousa MMG, de Macêdo LS, de França Neto PL, de Moura IA, Espinoza BCF, Invenção MDCV, de Pinho SS, da Gama MATM, de Freitas AC. RNA Vaccines: Yeast as a Novel Antigen Vehicle. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1334. [PMID: 37631902 PMCID: PMC10459952 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, technological advances for RNA manipulation enabled and expanded its application in vaccine development. This approach comprises synthetic single-stranded mRNA molecules that direct the translation of the antigen responsible for activating the desired immune response. The success of RNA vaccines depends on the delivery vehicle. Among the systems, yeasts emerge as a new approach, already employed to deliver protein antigens, with efficacy demonstrated through preclinical and clinical trials. β-glucans and mannans in their walls are responsible for the adjuvant property of this system. Yeast β-glucan capsules, microparticles, and nanoparticles can modulate immune responses and have a high capacity to carry nucleic acids, with bioavailability upon oral immunization and targeting to receptors present in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, yeasts are suitable vehicles for the protection and specific delivery of therapeutic vaccines based on RNAi. Compared to protein antigens, the use of yeast for DNA or RNA vaccine delivery is less established and has fewer studies, most of them in the preclinical phase. Here, we present an overview of the attributes of yeast or its derivatives for the delivery of RNA-based vaccines, discussing the current challenges and prospects of this promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (A.J.D.S.)
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So KK, Le NMT, Nguyen NL, Kim DH. Improving expression and assembly of difficult-to-express heterologous proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by culturing at a sub-physiological temperature. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:55. [PMID: 36959657 PMCID: PMC10035479 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli heat labile toxin B subunit (LTB) is one of the most popular oral vaccine adjuvants and intestine adsorption enhancers. It is often expressed as a fusion partner with target antigens to enhance their immunogenicity as well as gut absorbability. However, high expression levels of a fusion protein are critical to the outcome of immunization experiments and the success of subsequent vaccine development efforts. In order to improve the expression and functional assembly of LTB-fusion proteins using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we compared their expression under culture conditions at a sub-physiological temperature 20 °C with their expression under a standard 30 °C. RESULTS The assembled expression of LTB-EDIII2 (LTB fused to the envelope domain III (EDIII) of Dengue virus serotype 2), which was expressed at the level of 20 µg/L in our previous study, was higher when the expression temperature was 20 °C as opposed to 30 °C. We also tested whether the expression and functional assembly of a difficult-to-express LTB fusion protein could be increased. The assembled expression of the difficult-to-express LTB-VP1 fusion protein (LTB fused to VP1 antigen of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus) dramatically increased, although the total amount of expressed protein was still lower than that of LTB-EDIII2. Slight but significant increase in the expression of well-known reporter protein eGFP, which has previously been shown to be increased by cultivation at 20 °C, was also observed in our expression system. As no significant changes in corresponding transcripts levels and cell growth were observed between 20 °C and 30 °C, we infer that translation and post-translational assembly are responsible for these enhancements. CONCLUSIONS The effects of lowering the expression temperature from 30 °C to 20 °C on protein expression and folding levels in S. cerevisiae, using several proteins as models, are reported. When heterologous proteins are expressed at 20 °C, a greater amount of (specially, more assembled) functional proteins accumulated than at 30 °C. Although further studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms, our results suggest that lowering the expression temperature is a convenient strategy for improving the expression of relatively complexly structured and difficult-to-express proteins in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Kang So
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc My Tieu Le
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc-Luong Nguyen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, 530000, Vietnam.
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Austriaco N. Yeast oral vaccines against infectious diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1150412. [PMID: 37138614 PMCID: PMC10149678 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1150412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines that are delivered orally have several advantages over their counterparts that are administered via injection. Despite the advantages of oral delivery, however, approved oral vaccines are currently limited either to diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract or to pathogens that have a crucial life cycle stage in the gut. Moreover, all of the approved oral vaccines for these diseases involve live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This mini-review summarizes the potential and challenges of yeast oral vaccine delivery systems for animal and human infectious diseases. These delivery systems utilize whole yeast recombinant cells that are consumed orally to transport candidate antigens to the immune system of the gut. This review begins with a discussion of the challenges associated with oral administration of vaccines and the distinct benefits offered by whole yeast delivery systems over other delivery systems. It then surveys the emerging yeast oral vaccines that have been developed over the past decade to combat animal and human diseases. In recent years, several candidate vaccines have emerged that can elicit the necessary immune response to provide significant protection against challenge by pathogen. They serve as proof of principle to show that yeast oral vaccines hold much promise.
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10
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Silva AJD, Rocha CKDS, de Freitas AC. Standardization and Key Aspects of the Development of Whole Yeast Cell Vaccines. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122792. [PMID: 36559285 PMCID: PMC9781213 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of vaccine development, improving antigenic presentation is critical for the activation of specific immune responses and the success of immunization, in addition to selecting an appropriate target. In this sense, different strategies have been developed and improved. Among them is the use of yeast cells as vehicles for the delivery of recombinant antigens. These vaccines, named whole yeast vaccines (WYVs), can induce humoral and cellular immune responses, with the additional advantage of dispensing with the use of adjuvants due to the immunostimulatory properties of their cell wall components. However, there are some gaps in the methodologies for obtaining and validating recombinant strains and vaccine formulations. The standardization of these parameters is an important factor for WYVs approval by regulatory agencies and, consequently, their licensing. This review aimed to provide an overview of the main parameters to consider when developing a yeast-based vaccine, addressing some available tools, and highlighting the main variables that can influence the vaccine production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy—LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81996067671
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11
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Luria-Pérez R, Sánchez-Vargas LA, Muñoz-López P, Mellado-Sánchez G. Mucosal Vaccination: A Promising Alternative Against Flaviviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:887729. [PMID: 35782117 PMCID: PMC9241634 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.887729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flaviviridae are a family of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA enveloped viruses, and their members belong to a single genus, Flavivirus. Flaviviruses are found in mosquitoes and ticks; they are etiological agents of: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile virus infection, Zika virus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, and yellow fever, among others. Only a few flavivirus vaccines have been licensed for use in humans: yellow fever, dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and Kyasanur forest disease. However, improvement is necessary in vaccination strategies and in understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved either in the infection or after vaccination. This is especially important in dengue, due to the immunological complexity of its four serotypes, cross-reactive responses, antibody-dependent enhancement, and immunological interference. In this context, mucosal vaccines represent a promising alternative against flaviviruses. Mucosal vaccination has several advantages, as inducing long-term protective immunity in both mucosal and parenteral tissues. It constitutes a friendly route of antigen administration because it is needle-free and allows for a variety of antigen delivery systems. This has promoted the development of several ways to stimulate immunity through the direct administration of antigens (e.g., inactivated virus, attenuated virus, subunits, and DNA), non-replicating vectors (e.g., nanoparticles, liposomes, bacterial ghosts, and defective-replication viral vectors), and replicating vectors (e.g., Salmonella enterica, Lactococcus lactis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and viral vectors). Because of these characteristics, mucosal vaccination has been explored for immunoprophylaxis against pathogens that enter the host through mucosae or parenteral areas. It is suitable against flaviviruses because this type of immunization can stimulate the parenteral responses required after bites from flavivirus-infected insects. This review focuses on the advantages of mucosal vaccine candidates against the most relevant flaviviruses in either humans or animals, providing supporting data on the feasibility of this administration route for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Sánchez-Vargas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute for Immunology and Informatics, University of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Hemato-Oncológicas, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Mellado-Sánchez
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional para Servicios Especializados de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+i) para Farmoquímicos y Biotecnológicos, LANSEIDI-FarBiotec-CONACyT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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12
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Pitcovski J, Gruzdev N, Abzach A, Katz C, Ben-Adiva R, Brand-Shwartz M, Yadid I, Ratzon-Ashkenazi E, Emquies K, Israeli H, Haviv H, Rapoport I, Bloch I, Shadmon R, Eitan Z, Eliahu D, Hilel T, Laster M, Kremer-Tal S, Byk-Tennenbaum T, Shahar E. Oral subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces systemic neutralizing IgG, IgA and cellular immune responses and can boost neutralizing antibody responses primed by an injected vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:1098-1107. [PMID: 35078662 PMCID: PMC8768024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating medical and economic impacts, triggered an unprecedented race toward development of effective vaccines. The commercialized vaccines are parenterally administered, which poses logistic challenges, while adequate protection at the mucosal sites of virus entry is questionable. Furthermore, essentially all vaccine candidates target the viral spike (S) protein, a surface protein that undergoes significant antigenic drift. This work aimed to develop an oral multi-antigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprised of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral S protein, two domains of the viral nucleocapsid protein (N), and heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB), a potent mucosal adjuvant. The humoral, mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses of both a three-dose vaccination schedule and a heterologous subcutaneous prime and oral booster regimen were assessed in mice and rats, respectively. Mice receiving the oral vaccine compared to control mice showed significantly enhanced post-dose-3 virus-neutralizing antibody, anti-S IgG and IgA production and N-protein-stimulated IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion by T cells. When administered as a booster to rats following parenteral priming with the viral S1 protein, the oral vaccine elicited markedly higher neutralizing antibody titres than did oral placebo booster. A single oral booster following two subcutaneous priming doses elicited serum IgG and mucosal IgA levels similar to those raised by three subcutaneous doses. In conclusion, the oral LTB-adjuvanted multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 vaccine triggered versatile humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses, which are likely to provide protection, while also minimizing technical hurdles presently limiting global vaccination, whether by priming or booster programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pitcovski
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Nady Gruzdev
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Anna Abzach
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Chen Katz
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ran Ben-Adiva
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | - Itamar Yadid
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | | | - Ken Emquies
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hadasa Israeli
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hadar Haviv
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Irena Rapoport
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Itai Bloch
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | | | - Dalia Eliahu
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Talia Hilel
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ehud Shahar
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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13
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Wang WH, Urbina AN, Lin CY, Yang ZS, Assavalapsakul W, Thitithanyanont A, Lu PL, Chen YH, Wang SF. Targets and strategies for vaccine development against dengue viruses. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112304. [PMID: 34634560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a global health threat causing about half of the worldwide population to be at risk of infection, especially the people living in tropical and subtropical area. Although the dengue disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) is asymptomatic and self-limiting in most people with first infection, increased severe dengue symptoms may be observed in people with heterotypic secondary DENV infection. Since there is a lack of specific antiviral medication, the development of dengue vaccines is critical in the prevention and control this disease. Several targets and strategies in the development of dengue vaccine have been demonstrated. Currently, Dengvaxia, a live-attenuated chimeric yellow-fever/tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur, has been licensed and approved for clinical use in some countries. However, this vaccine has demonstrated low efficacy in children and dengue-naïve individuals and also increases the risk of severe dengue in young vaccinated recipients. Accordingly, many novel strategies for the dengue vaccine are under investigation and development. Here, we conducted a systemic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines to give a concise overview of various aspects of the vaccine development process against DENVs, mainly targeting five potential strategies including live attenuated vaccine, inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, viral-vector vaccine, and DNA vaccine. This study offers the comprehensive view of updated information and current progression of immunogen selection as well as strategies of vaccine development against DENVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Syuan Yang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Arunee Thitithanyanont
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical, University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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14
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Abstract
Introduction: Dengue virus is a global health threat, with approximately 390 million dengue infections annually. Efficient vaccines for dengue prevention are currently lacking. This review aims to summarize the current progress in dengue vaccine development.Area covered: This article discusses recent dengue vaccine developments based on the published literature and ClinicalTrials.gov website up to December 2020.Expert opinion: The first live-attenuated chimeric yellow-fever/tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV), Dengvaxia, has been licensed in several countries. However, the low efficacy of this vaccine was observed in children and dengue-naïve individuals. It also increased the risk of severe dengue in people who had not been exposed to dengue. The heterologous prime-boost regimen of sequential immunization with DENVax and Dengvaxia covers four serotypes of immunogenicity, eliminating the effect of ADE. Moreover, a heterologous prime-boost regimen that combines inactivated vaccines with alum and live attenuated vaccines might increase the immunogenic response. The lack of an ideal animal model is an obstacle to the development of dengue vaccines, and the macaque model may be considered for similar immunologic responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hao Huang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Infection Control Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Te Tsai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Seng-Fan Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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So KK, Chun J, Luong NN, Seo HW, Kim DH. Expression of an immunocomplex consisting of Fc fragment fused with a consensus dengue envelope domain III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1895-1904. [PMID: 34245387 PMCID: PMC8272446 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To explore Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an expression platform for dengue oral immune complex vaccine development. Results Molecular engineering was applied to create a fusion gene construct (scEDIII-PIGS) consisting of a yeast codon optimized sequence encoding for a synthetic consensus dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII) followed by a modified IgG Fc domain (PIGS). Northern blot showed transcription of the target gene, with a temporal expression pattern similar to those from previous work. Western blot showed assembly of various immune complexes from monomer to hexamer. Partial purification of scEDIII-PIGS was also attempted to demonstrate the feasibility of yeast system for immune complex vaccine development. Approximately 1 mg of scEDIII-PIGS can be produced from 1 l culture. Conclusion This work demonstrated for the first time that various immunocomplex structures of our target protein could be efficiently produced in S. cerevisiae for future application in developing oral and injectable vaccines against various pathogens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10529-021-03161-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum-Kang So
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Luong
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hee-Won Seo
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Silva AJD, de Macêdo LS, Leal LRS, de Jesus ALS, Freitas AC. Yeasts as a promising delivery platform for DNA and RNA vaccines. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:foab018. [PMID: 33837785 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are considered a useful system for the development of vaccines for human and veterinary health. Species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris have been used successfully as host organisms for the production of subunit vaccines. These organisms have been also explored as vaccine vehicles enabling the delivery of antigens such as proteins and nucleic acids. The employed species possess a GRAS status (Generally Recognized as Safe) for the production of therapeutic proteins, besides promoting immunostimulation due to the properties of their wall cell composition. This strategy allows the administration of nucleic acids orally and a specific delivery to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this review, we seek to outline the development of whole yeast vaccines (WYV) carrying nucleic acids in different approaches in the medical field, as well as the immunological aspects of this vaccine strategy. The data presented here reveal the application of this platform in promoting effective immune responses in the context of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva de Macêdo
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lígia Rosa Sales Leal
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Santos de Jesus
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Freitas
- Laboratório de Estudos Moleculares e Terapia Experimental, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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17
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Deng SQ, Yang X, Wei Y, Chen JT, Wang XJ, Peng HJ. A Review on Dengue Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E63. [PMID: 32024238 PMCID: PMC7159032 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) has become a global health threat with about half of the world's population at risk of infection. Although the disease caused by DENV is self-limiting in the first infection, the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect increases the mortality in the second infection with a heterotypic virus. Since there is no specific efficient medicine in treatment, it is urgent to develop vaccines to prevent infection and disease progression. Currently, only a live attenuated vaccine, chimeric yellow fever 17D-tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV), has been licensed for clinical use in some countries, and many candidate vaccines are still under research and development. This review discusses the progress, strengths, and weaknesses of the five types of vaccines including live attenuated vaccine, inactivated virus vaccine, recombinant subunit vaccine, viral vectored vaccine, and DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qun Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (S.-Q.D.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.-T.C.)
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (S.-Q.D.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.-T.C.)
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (S.-Q.D.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.-T.C.)
| | - Jia-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (S.-Q.D.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.-T.C.)
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (S.-Q.D.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (J.-T.C.)
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18
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Construction of a novel tetravalent dengue vaccine with a Salmonella Typhimurium bacterial ghost and evaluation of its immunogenicity and protective efficacy using a murine model. Vaccine 2019; 38:916-924. [PMID: 31706812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to develop a safe, effective, and affordable dengue vaccine have focused on providing simultaneous immunity against all four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV). In the current study, Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) lysed by gene E activation was genetically constructed to deliver the envelope protein domain III (EDIII) of all four serotypes of DENV using a foreign antigen delivery and expression vector, pJHL184. Each DENV-EDIII protein expressed in the constructed strain was validated by immunoblot analysis. To assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the constructs against dengue infection, BALB/c mice were injected once orally with either the individual ST-EDIII constructs or a mix of all four ST-EDIII constructs followed by intramuscular administration of the purified EDIII protein. Significantly elevated titers of EDIII-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were observed in the immunized mice (P < 0.01). Furthermore, lymphocyte proliferative activity and CD3+CD4+ T-cell subpopulations increased significantly in vitro in re-pulsed splenic T cells compared with those from non-immunized mice. In addition, a lower viral load was detected in the BG-EDIII vaccinated group after challenge with DENV-infected K562 cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate that DENV-EDIII expressed in the inactivated ST strain could induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immunity specific to the target antigen and could provide significant protective potential.
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19
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Zhu H, Mathew E, Connelly SM, Zuber J, Sullivan M, Piepenbrink MS, Kobie JJ, Dumont ME. Identification of variant HIV envelope proteins with enhanced affinities for precursors to anti-gp41 broadly neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221550. [PMID: 31504041 PMCID: PMC6736307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV envelope protein (Env) is the sole target of broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) that are capable of neutralizing diverse strains of HIV. While BNAbs develop spontaneously in a subset of HIV-infected patients, efforts to design an envelope protein-based immunogen to elicit broadly neutralizing antibody responses have so far been unsuccessful. It is hypothesized that a primary barrier to eliciting BNAbs is the fact that HIV envelope proteins bind poorly to the germline-encoded unmutated common ancestor (UCA) precursors to BNAbs. To identify variant forms of Env with increased affinities for the UCA forms of BNAbs 4E10 and 10E8, which target the Membrane Proximal External Region (MPER) of Env, libraries of randomly mutated Env variants were expressed in a yeast surface display system and screened using fluorescence activated cell sorting for cells displaying variants with enhanced abilities to bind the UCA antibodies. Based on analyses of individual clones obtained from the screen and on next-generation sequencing of sorted libraries, distinct but partially overlapping sets of amino acid substitutions conferring enhanced UCA antibody binding were identified. These were particularly enriched in substitutions of arginine for highly conserved tryptophan residues. The UCA-binding variants also generally exhibited enhanced binding to the mature forms of anti-MPER antibodies. Mapping of the identified substitutions into available structures of Env suggest that they may act by destabilizing both the initial pre-fusion conformation and the six-helix bundle involved in fusion of the viral and cell membranes, as well as providing new or expanded epitopes with increased accessibility for the UCA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Sara M. Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Zuber
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Mark Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Piepenbrink
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY United States of America
| | - James J. Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY United States of America
| | - Mark E. Dumont
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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20
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Sneaking Out for Happy Hour: Yeast-Based Approaches to Explore and Modulate Immune Response and Immune Evasion. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090667. [PMID: 31480411 PMCID: PMC6770942 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) have developed a wide variety of mechanisms to evade their host immune system. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has successfully been used to decipher some of these immune evasion strategies. This includes the cis-acting mechanism that limits the expression of the oncogenic Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded EBNA1 and thus of antigenic peptides derived from this essential but highly antigenic viral protein. Studies based on budding yeast have also revealed the molecular bases of epigenetic switching or recombination underlying the silencing of all except one members of extended families of genes that encode closely related and highly antigenic surface proteins. This mechanism is exploited by several parasites (that include pathogens such as Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, Candida, or Pneumocystis) to alternate their surface antigens, thereby evading the immune system. Yeast can itself be a pathogen, and pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, which is phylogenetically very close to S. cerevisiae, have developed stealthiness strategies that include changes in their cell wall composition, or epitope-masking, to control production or exposure of highly antigenic but essential polysaccharides in their cell wall. Finally, due to the high antigenicity of its cell wall, yeast has been opportunistically exploited to create adjuvants and vectors for vaccination.
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21
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Peng X, Zhang R, Wang C, Yu F, Yu M, Chen S, Fan Q, Xi Y, Duan G. E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti- H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions. Cells 2019; 8:E982. [PMID: 31461854 PMCID: PMC6770474 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L.lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes' migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes' movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB's potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong 675005, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingtang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Bal J, Jung HY, Nguyen LN, Park J, Jang YS, Kim DH. Evaluation of cell-surface displayed synthetic consensus dengue EDIII cells as a potent oral vaccine candidate. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:146. [PMID: 30217208 PMCID: PMC6138890 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a rapidly spreading mosquito borne tropical viral disease affecting hundreds of millions of people across the globe annually. The dengue virus (DENV) includes four genetically distinct serotypes that cause serious life-threatening infections, including dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Dengue vaccine development is complicated by the possibility of vaccine-enhanced severe dengue disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement by pre-existing cross-reactivity, as well as homotypic antibodies. Thus, the development of an efficacious dengue vaccine conferring simultaneous and durable immunity to each of the four DENV serotypes has not yet been developed despite years of research. For mass immunization in deeply affected resource-limited countries, oral vaccination is considered more beneficial than conventional approaches. Therefore, in a continuing effort towards designing economical and potent vaccine candidates, the current study applied yeast surface display technology to develop an oral dengue vaccine candidate using whole recombinant yeast cells displaying the recombinant fusion protein of M cell targeting ligand Co1 fused to the synthetic consensus dengue envelope domain III (scEDIII). Female Balb/c mice were orally fed with recombinant yeast cells and immunogenicity in terms of systemic and mucosal immune responses was monitored. RESULTS Immunofluorescence microscopy with dengue specific antibody and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody clearly showed that recombinant protein Co1-scEDIII-AGA was localized on the cell surface of the respective clones in comparison with scEDIII-Co1 and Mock cells with no fluorescence. Oral dosage applications of surface displayed Co1-scEDIII-AGA stimulated a systemic humoral immune response in the form of dengue-specific serum IgG, as well as a mucosal immune response in the form of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Antigen-specific B cell responses in isolated lymphoid cells from the spleen and Peyer's patches further supported an elevated mucosal immune response. In addition, surface displayed Co1-scEDIII-AGA feeding elicited strong immune responses in comparison with scEDIII-Co1 and Mock following intraperitoneal booster with purified scEDIII antigen. CONCLUSIONS Surface displayed preparations of Co1-scEDIII-AGA induced strong immunogenicity compared with non-displayed scEDIII-Co1. Prior studies have supported the neutralization potential of scEDIII constructs against all four serotypes. Thus, the oral administration of genetically engineered yeast whole cells displaying biologically active Co1-scEDIII fusion protein without any further processing shows prospective as a potent oral vaccine candidate against dengue viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotiranjan Bal
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jung
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Luong Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Jisang Park
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896 Republic of Korea
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