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Steffen R, Hamer DH, Chen LH, Caumes E, Lau CL. Novel chikungunya and dengue vaccines-travel medicine applications. J Travel Med 2024:taae064. [PMID: 38637307 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent epidemics of dengue and chikungunya have highlighted the urgent need for vaccines to reduce the risk of infection in travellers. Given challenges tracking chikungunya outbreaks in real-time and the widespread resurgence of dengue, broader indications for the use of the new chikungunya and dengue vaccines should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Steffen
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Public and Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Travelers' Health, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Davidson H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine; and Center on Emerging Infectious Disease, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin H Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Caumes
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases. Hopital de l'Hotel-Dieu & Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Colleen L Lau
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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2
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Jain S, Vimal N, Angmo N, Sengupta M, Thangaraj S. Dengue Vaccination: Towards a New Dawn of Curbing Dengue Infection. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:1096-1149. [PMID: 37962036 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2280698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus (DENV) and is a serious global burden. Antibody-dependent enhancement and the ability of DENV to infect immune cells, along with other factors, lead to fatal Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome. This necessitates the development of a robust and efficient vaccine but vaccine development faces a number of hurdles. In this review, we look at the epidemiology, genome structure and cellular targets of DENV and elaborate upon the immune responses generated by human immune system against DENV infection. The review further sheds light on various challenges in development of a potent vaccine against DENV which is followed by presenting a current account of different vaccines which are being developed or have been licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhant Jain
- Independent Researcher, Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Rewari, India
| | - Neha Vimal
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nilza Angmo
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhumita Sengupta
- Janki Devi Bajaj Government Girls College, University of Kota, Kota, India
| | - Suraj Thangaraj
- Swami Ramanand Teerth Rural Government Medical College, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Ambajogai, India
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3
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Elfessi Z, Doyle R, Young L, Knaub M, Yamanaka T. Antibody dependent enhancement-induced hypoxic respiratory failure: A case report. Vis J Emerg Med 2023; 30:101602. [PMID: 36718416 PMCID: PMC9876737 DOI: 10.1016/j.visj.2023.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zane Elfessi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States,Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois-Chicago College of Pharmacy, 833 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Emergency Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Richard Doyle
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Lisa Young
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Mark Knaub
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Travis Yamanaka
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 S Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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4
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Rijkers GT, van Overveld FJ. The "original antigenic sin" and its relevance for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination. Clin Immunol Commun 2021; 1:13-16. [PMID: 38620690 PMCID: PMC8500682 DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting of the specific molecular image of a given protein antigen into immunological memory is one of the hallmarks of immunity. A later contact with a related, but different antigen should not trigger the memory response (because the produced antibodies would not be effective). The preferential expansion of cross-reactive antibodies, or T-lymphocytes for that matter, by a related antigen has been termed the original antigenic sin and was first described by Thomas Francis Jr. in 1960. The phenomenon was initially described for influenza virus, but also has been found for dengue and rotavirus. The antibody dependent enhancement observed in feline coronavirus vaccination also may be related to the original antigenic sin. For a full interpretation of the effectivity of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as well as for the success of vaccination, the role of existing immunological memory against circulating corona viruses is reviewed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ger T Rijkers
- Science Department, University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, the Netherlands
- Microvida Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Elizabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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5
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Wang YT, Allen RD, Kim K, Shafee N, Gonzalez AJ, Nguyen MN, Valentine KM, Cao X, Lu L, Pai CI, Johnson S, Kerwin L, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Shresta S. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential: Broad neutralizing activity and No evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement. Antiviral Res 2021; 195:105185. [PMID: 34634289 PMCID: PMC8498781 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are emerging as safe and effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. However, variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 have evolved, with early studies showing that some mAbs may not sustain their efficacy in the face of escape mutants. Also, from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern has been raised about the potential for Fcγ receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection. In this study, plaque reduction neutralization assays demonstrated that mAb 1741-LALA neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 strains B.1.351, D614 and D614G. MAbs S1D2-hIgG1 and S1D2-LALA mutant (STI-1499-LALA) did not neutralize B.1.351, but did neutralize SARS-CoV-2 strains D614 and D614G. LALA mutations did not result in substantial differences in neutralizing abilities between clones S1D2-hIgG1 vs STI-1499-LALA. S1D2-hIgG1, STI-1499-LALA, and convalescent plasma showed minimal ability to induce ADE in human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Further, no differences in pharmacokinetic clearance of S1D2-hIgG1 vs STI-1499-LALA were observed in mice expressing human FcRn. These findings confirm that SARS-CoV-2 has already escaped some mAbs, and identify a mAb candidate that may neutralize multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. They also suggest that risk of ADE in macrophages may be low with SARS-CoV-2 D614, and LALA Fc change impacts neither viral neutralization nor Ab clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Kim
- Histopathology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew J Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael N Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kristen M Valentine
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lucy Lu
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Chin-I Pai
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Sachi Johnson
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Kerwin
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Heyue Zhou
- Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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6
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Bonheur AN, Thomas S, Soshnick SH, McGibbon E, Dupuis AP, Hull R, Slavinski S, Del Rosso PE, Weiss D, Hunt DT, McCabe ME, Dean AB, Folkerth R, Laib AM, Wong SJ. A fatal case report of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus type 1 following remote Zika virus infection. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:749. [PMID: 34348665 PMCID: PMC8334327 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in many parts of the world. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV infections occurs when a person with primary immunity is infected by a second, different DENV strain. Antibodies to Zika virus (ZIKV), which emerged in the Western Hemisphere in 2015, are cross reactive with DENV and theoretically could provoke ADE in a DENV naïve individual. CASE PRESENTATION DENV infection was suspected in a child who had recently returned from a one-month stay in the Dominican Republic. The child presented with fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and in hypovolemic shock. Volume and pressor resuscitation were unsuccessful, and the child died less than 24 h after hospitalization. Laboratory results suggested an early acute first DENV infection since serum, plasma, and spinal fluid had DENV1 detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), yet the serum lacked IgG antibodies to DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of all four DENV serotypes. This acute DENV infection occurred in the presence of a remote ZIKV infection as determined by antibodies to ZIKV NS1 envelope by multiplex microsphere immunoassay and an exceptionally high plaque reduction neutralization titer to ZIKV. ZIKV IgG avidity index was high, confirming a past infection. DENV1 RNA was detected in all ten organs and tissues examined by PCR. The severe and fatal complications reported here suggest that a remote ZIKV infection may provoke an exaggerated immune response leading to hypovolemic shock when primarily infected by DENV1. CONCLUSION We report the first known patient in the United States with a rapidly progressive and fatal case of travel-associated DENV in which prior exposure to ZIKV likely played a role in triggering an ADE phenomenon. This association of prior ZIKV immunity and subsequent new dengue infection is a worrisome phenomenon and an important contribution to the body of knowledge on immunity to flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Bonheur
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Thomas
- Office of the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara H Soshnick
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emily McGibbon
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Alan P Dupuis
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rene Hull
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sally Slavinski
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Paula E Del Rosso
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Don Weiss
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle T Hunt
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Megan E McCabe
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Amy B Dean
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Folkerth
- Office of the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Laib
- Office of the New York City Chief Medical Examiner, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan J Wong
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
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7
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Eyal N, Gerhard T, Strom BL. Strengthening and accelerating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety surveillance through registered pre-approval rollout after challenge tests. Vaccine 2021; 39:3455-3458. [PMID: 34023137 PMCID: PMC8084609 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Eyal
- Center for Population-Level Bioethics and Department of Philosophy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tobias Gerhard
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Brian L Strom
- Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA.
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McNolty A, Anderson H, Stryker GA, Dondji B. Investigations on the effects of anti-Leishmania major serum on the progression of Leishmania infantum infection in vivo and in vitro - implications of heterologous exposure to Leishmania spp. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1771-1780. [PMID: 33792813 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Twenty different species are known to cause disease in humans with varying degrees of pathology. These diseases are transmitted throughout the geographic range of phlebotomine sandflies, found between the latitudes 50°N and 40°S. This study explores antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) as the cause of disease exacerbation in heterologous exposure of L. major primed mice to L. infantum challenge. BALB/c mice received serum from L. major infected or naive mice. All mice were challenged with L. infantum and tissue parasite burdens were recorded. Animals that received anti-L. major serum exhibited significantly higher parasite burdens. Surprisingly, these parasite burdens were higher than those of mice infected with L. major and challenged with L. infantum. In vitro phagocytosis assays were carried out to measure parasite uptake in the presence of naive vs. anti-L. major serum. J774A.1 murine monocytes were cultured with either L. major or L. infantum in the presence of anti-L. major serum, naive serum, or no serum. Significantly higher rates of L. major uptake by J774A.1 cells occurred in the presence of anti-L. major serum, but no measurable increase of L. infantum phagocytosis was seen. Our results suggest that increased disease severity observed in vivo in mice previously exposed to L. major and challenged with L infantum is not a result of extrinsic ADE. We speculate that intrinsic ADE, due to biased memory T cell responses caused by Fcγ signaling, could account for disease exacerbation seen in the animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McNolty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400E, University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400E, University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA
| | - Heidi Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400E, University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400E, University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA
| | - Gabrielle A Stryker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400E, University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA.
| | - Blaise Dondji
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & Parasitology, Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, 400E, University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98926, USA.
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9
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Byrne AB, Talarico LB. Role of the complement system in antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infections. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 103:404-411. [PMID: 33352325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus infections have increased dramatically in the last decades in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infections has been one of the main hypotheses to explain severity of disease and one of the major challenges to safe and effective vaccine development. In the presence of cross-reactive sub-neutralizing concentrations of anti-dengue antibodies, immune complexes can amplify viral infection in mononuclear phagocytic cells, triggering a cytokine cascade and activating the complement system that leads to severe disease. The complement system comprises a family of plasma and cellular surface proteins that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns, modified ligands and immune complexes, interacting in a regulated manner and forming an enzymatic cascade. Pathogenic as well as protective effects of complement have been reported in flavivirus infections. This review provides updated knowledge on complement activation during flavivirus infection, including antiviral effects of complement and its regulation, as well as mechanisms of complement evasion and dysregulation of complement activity during viral infection leading to pathogenesis. Particularly, insights into classical pathway activation and its protective role on antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infections are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana B Byrne
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
| | - Laura B Talarico
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Infectológicas y Biología Molecular, Unidad de Infectología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina.
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10
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Abstract
One of the most perplexing questions regarding the current COVID-19 coronavirus epidemic is the discrepancy between the severity of cases observed in the Hubei province of China and those occurring elsewhere in the world. One possible answer is antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses. ADE modulates the immune response and can elicit sustained inflammation, lymphopenia, and/or cytokine storm, one or all of which have been documented in severe cases and deaths. ADE also requires prior exposure to similar antigenic epitopes, presumably circulating in local viruses, making it a possible explanation for the observed geographic limitation of severe cases and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Tetro
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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11
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Khomkhum N, Leetachewa S, Pawestri AR, Moonsom S. Host-antibody inductivity of virulent Entamoeba histolytica and non-virulent Entamoeba moshkovskii in a mouse model. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:101. [PMID: 30867040 PMCID: PMC6416977 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite similarities in morphology, gene and protein profiles, Entamoeba histolytica and E. moshkovskii show profound differences in pathogenicity. Entamoeba histolytica infection might result in amoebic dysentery and liver abscess, while E. moshkovskii causes only mild diarrhea. Extensive studies focus on roles of host immune responses to the pathogenic E. histolytica; however, evidence for E. moshkovskii remains scarce. Methods To study differences in host-antibody response profiles between E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii, mice were immunized intraperitoneally with different sets of Entamoeba trophozoites as single species, mixed species and combinations. Results Mice prime-immunized with E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii combination, followed by individual species, exhibited higher IgG level than the single species immunization. Mice immunized with E. moshkovskii induced significantly higher levels and long-lasting antibody responses than those challenged with E. histolytica alone. Interestingly, E. histolytica-specific anti-sera promoted the cytopathic ability of E. histolytica toward Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells, but showed no effect on cell adhesion. There was no significant effect of immunized sera on cytopathic activity and adhesion of E. moshkovskii toward both CHO and human epithelial human colonic (Caco-2) cell lines. Monoclonal-antibody (mAb) characterization demonstrated that 89% of E. histolytica-specific mAbs produced from mice targeted cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal proteins, whereas 73% of E. moshkovskii-specific mAbs targeted plasma membrane proteins. Conclusions The present findings suggest that infection with mixed Entamoeba species or E. moshkovskii effectively induces an antibody response in mice. It also sheds light on roles of host antibody response in the pathogenic difference of E. histolytica and E. moshkovskii trophozoites, and cell surface protein modifications of the amoebic parasites to escape from host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Khomkhum
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Somphob Leetachewa
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhorn-Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Aulia Rahmi Pawestri
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Saengduen Moonsom
- Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Ratchawithi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in Latin America in 2015-2016 led to an expeditious search for vaccine candidates, with a DNA-based candidate having progressed to Phase II. However, several features of ZIKV infection and epidemiology are not understood, which may be key to maximizing efficacy and ensuring safety of ZIKV vaccines. AREAS COVERED Conceivable problems related to vaccine development and policy include: (1) paucity of diagnostics to satisfactorily discriminate between past ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV) exposure; (2) insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of ZIKV neurovirulence, amongst other unknowns in the biology of this infection, is particularly relevant from a vaccine safety perspective; and (3) the potential for disease enhancement, as observed with DENV infection and vaccine. EXPERT OPINION Vaccine candidates that entered phase I/II trials have demonstrated protection in naïve animal models, while ZIKV epidemics occurred in populations that had encountered DENV before. The resulting cross-reactive antibodies pose problems for reliable serologic diagnostic assays, and for the potential of disease enhancement. The alleged neurological complications also warrant further exploration in order to reassure regulators of the safety profile of these vaccines in target populations. These research aspects should be an integral part of the efforts to develop a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Britto
- a Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics , University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine , Oxford , UK
| | - Christina Dold
- a Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics , University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine , Oxford , UK
| | - Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
- b The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Christine S Rollier
- a Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics , University of Oxford and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, The Center for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine , Oxford , UK
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13
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Tang B, Huo X, Xiao Y, Ruan S, Wu J. A conceptual model for optimizing vaccine coverage to reduce vector-borne infections in the presence of antibody-dependent enhancement. Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:13. [PMID: 30173664 PMCID: PMC6120075 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-018-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many vector-borne diseases co-circulate, as the viruses from the same family are also transmitted by the same vector species. For example, Zika and dengue viruses belong to the same Flavivirus family and are primarily transmitted by a common mosquito species Aedes aegypti. Zika outbreaks have also commonly occurred in dengue-endemic areas, and co-circulation and co-infection of both viruses have been reported. As recent immunological cross-reactivity studies have confirmed that convalescent plasma following dengue infection can enhance Zika infection, and as global efforts of developing dengue and Zika vaccines are intensified, it is important to examine whether and how vaccination against one disease in a large population may affect infection dynamics of another disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement. Methods Through a conceptual co-infection dynamics model parametrized by reported dengue and Zika epidemic and immunological cross-reactivity characteristics, we evaluate impact of a hypothetical dengue vaccination program on Zika infection dynamics in a single season when only one particular dengue serotype is involved. Results We show that an appropriately designed and optimized dengue vaccination program can not only help control the dengue spread but also, counter-intuitively, reduce Zika infections. We identify optimal dengue vaccination coverages for controlling dengue and simultaneously reducing Zika infections, as well as the critical coverages exceeding which dengue vaccination will increase Zika infections. Conclusion This study based on a conceptual model shows the promise of an integrative vector-borne disease control strategy involving optimal vaccination programs, in regions where different viruses or different serotypes of the same virus co-circulate, and convalescent plasma following infection from one virus (serotype) can enhance infection against another virus (serotype). The conceptual model provides a first step towards well-designed regional and global vector-borne disease immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Disease Modelling, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Xi Huo
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 33146, USA
| | - Yanni Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigui Ruan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 33146, USA
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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14
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Jiang L, Sun Q. The expression profile of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell miRNA is altered by antibody-dependent enhancement of infection with dengue virus serotype 3. Virol J 2018; 15:50. [PMID: 29566761 PMCID: PMC5863830 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection has been identified as the main risk factor for severe dengue disease, although the underlying mechanisms leading to severe dengue fever remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in numerous pathological and biological processes, including host responses to viral infections. Method Here, we aimed to investigate the differences in miRNA expression patterns in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with DENV-3 and DENV-3-ADE at various time points employing high-throughput sequencing. Results According to miRNAs high-throughput sequencing, a total of 50 known miRNAs exhibited significant differences. GO (Gene Ontology) and pathway analysis of the predicted targets showed enrichment in the regulation of transcription, including multicellular organismal development, DNA-dependent transcription, negative regulation of cell differentiation and transcription. Afterwards, regulatory networks of miRNA predicted targets, miRNA transcription factors, miRNA pathways and miRNA GOs were formulated to expose the complex regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs during the infection phase. Finally, we analyzed hierarchical GO categories of the predicted targets involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, the cAMP signaling pathway, the endocytosis effect, and our analyses indicated that innate and adaptive immunity following DENV-3 and DENV-3-ADE infections may be signally distinct. Conclusion Our results demonstrate a novel describing miRNA expression profiles in human PBMCs with DENV-3 and DENV-3-ADE infections using high-throughput sequencing. Our findings could provide a beneficial basis for further studies on the regulatory roles of miRNAs relevant to the different immune responses caused by DENV-3 and DENV-3-ADE infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-018-0963-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650118, People's Republic of China. .,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sun J, Li M, Wang Y, Hao P, Jin X. Elaboration of tetravalent antibody responses against dengue viruses using a subunit vaccine comprised of a single consensus dengue envelope sequence. Vaccine 2017; 35:6308-20. [PMID: 28987441 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENVs) are re-emerging pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Each year, they are estimated to infect 390 million people globally. The major challenge confronting dengue vaccine development is the need to induce balanced, long lasting tetravalent immune responses against four co-circulating virus serotypes (DENV-I, -II, -III, -IV), because primary infection by any one of which may predispose infected individuals to more severe diseases during a heterotypic secondary infection. Another difficulty is to select representative strains in vaccine design to provide cross-protection against most circulating virus strains. In this study, aimed at developing a tetravalent subunit vaccine with a representative single protein, we designed two vaccines (named cE80(D4) and cE80(max)) based on the consensus sequences of the ectodomain of envelope protein of 3127 DENV strains, and then expressed them in the baculovirus expression system. Both vaccines were capable of eliciting specific antibodies against all four DENV serotypes, and the predominant IgG subtype elicited by the two vaccines was IgG1. Moreover, these vaccines activated both type I and type II antigen-specific helper T cells that secreted IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively. This proof-of-concept study has set foundation for further optimization of a single protein-based tetravalent DENV vaccine.
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16
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Abstract
The four dengue viruses (DENV) circulate among nearly one-half of the world's population in tropical and semitropical countries imposing a huge morbidity burden on travelers. Sanofipasteur has developed a tetravalent live-attenuated vaccine, Dengvaxia, recently approved by the World Health Organization and licensed in four dengue-endemic countries. An additional two dengue vaccines, developed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), USA and Takeda, are entering phase III testing. Dengvaxia is composed of four yellow fever 17D-DENV chimeras, the NIAID vaccine contains three mutagenized DENV and one DENV2/4 chimera while the Takeda vaccine contains an attenuated DENV 2 and three DENV 2-DENV chimeras. Which of these vaccines might be useful in protecting travelers against dengue infections and disease? Dengvaxia requires three doses administered over the course of one year but in addition has safety signals suggesting that susceptible individuals should not be vaccinated. The NIAID vaccine is promising as a travel vaccine as a single dose fully protected susceptible adults against live dengue 2 virus challenge. The protective efficacy and safety of the Takeda vaccine remain to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Halstead
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Maira Aguiar
- BioMathematics and Statistics Group, Center for Mathematics, Fundamental Applications and Operations Research, Lisbon University, USA.
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17
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Poddar A, Ramasamy V, Shukla R, Rajpoot RK, Arora U, Jain SK, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Virus-like particles derived from Pichia pastoris-expressed dengue virus type 1 glycoprotein elicit homotypic virus-neutralizing envelope domain III-directed antibodies. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:50. [PMID: 27301568 PMCID: PMC4908714 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Four antigenically distinct serotypes (1–4) of dengue viruses (DENVs) cause dengue disease. Antibodies to any one DENV serotype have the potential to predispose an individual to more severe disease upon infection with a different DENV serotype. A dengue vaccine must elicit homotypic neutralizing antibodies to all four DENV serotypes to avoid the risk of such antibody-dependent enhancement in the vaccine recipient. This is a formidable challenge as evident from the lack of protective efficacy against DENV-2 by a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine that has completed phase III trials recently. These trial data underscore the need to explore non-replicating subunit vaccine alternatives. Recently, using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, we showed that DENV-2 and DENV-3 envelope (E) glycoproteins, expressed in absence of prM, implicated in causing severe dengue disease, self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), which elicit predominantly virus-neutralizing antibodies and confer significant protection against lethal DENV challenge in an animal model. The current study extends this work to a third DENV serotype. Results We cloned and expressed DENV-1 E antigen in P. pastoris, and purified it to near homogeneity. Recombinant DENV-1 E underwent post-translational processing, namely, signal peptide cleavage and glycosylation. Purified DENV-1 E self-assembled into stable VLPs, based on electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. Epitope mapping with monoclonal antibodies revealed that the VLPs retained the overall antigenic integrity of the virion particles despite the absence of prM. Subtle changes accompanied the efficient display of E domain III (EDIII), which contains type-specific neutralizing epitopes. These VLPs were immunogenic, eliciting predominantly homotypic EDIII-directed DENV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions This work demonstrates the inherent potential of P. pastoris-expressed DENV-1 E glycoprotein to self-assemble into VLPs eliciting predominantly homotypic neutralizing antibodies. This work justifies an investigation of the last remaining serotype, namely, DENV-4, to assess if it also shares the desirable vaccine potential manifested by the remaining three DENV serotypes. Such efforts could make it possible to envisage the development of a tetravalent dengue vaccine based on VLPs of P. pastoris-expressed E glycoproteins of the four DENV serotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0280-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Poddar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ravi Kant Rajpoot
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Swatantra K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.,Department of Biochemistry, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, 500078, India.
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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18
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Halstead SB, Russell PK. Protective and immunological behavior of chimeric yellow fever dengue vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1643-7. [PMID: 26873054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical observations from the third year of the Sanofi Pasteur chimeric yellow fever dengue tetravalent vaccine (CYD) trials document both protection and vaccination-enhanced dengue disease among vaccine recipients. Children who were 5 years-old or younger when vaccinated experienced a DENV disease resulting in hospitalization at 5 times the rate of controls. On closer inspection, hospitalized cases among vaccinated seropositives, those at highest risk to hospitalized disease accompanying a dengue virus (DENV) infection, were greatly reduced by vaccination. But, seronegative individuals of all ages after being vaccinated were only modestly protected from mild to moderate disease throughout the entire observation period despite developing neutralizing antibodies at high rates. Applying a simple epidemiological model to the data, vaccinated seronegative individuals of all ages were at increased risk of developing hospitalized disease during a subsequent wild type DENV infection. The etiology of disease in placebo and vaccinated children resulting in hospitalization during a DENV infection, while clinically similar are of different origin. The implications of the observed mixture of DENV protection and enhanced disease in CYD vaccinees are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Halstead
- Private Consultant, 5824 Edson Lane, North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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19
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Mier-y-Teran-Romero L, Schwartz IB, Cummings DAT. Breaking the symmetry: immune enhancement increases persistence of dengue viruses in the presence of asymmetric transmission rates. J Theor Biol 2013; 332:203-10. [PMID: 23665358 PMCID: PMC3782297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dengue viruses exist as four antigenically distinct serotypes. These four serotypes co-circulate and interact with each other through multiple immune-mediated mechanisms. Though the majority of previous efforts to understand the transmission dynamics of dengue have assumed identical characteristics for these four serotypes, empirical data suggests that they differ from one another in important ways. Here, we examine dynamics and persistence in models that do not assume symmetry between the dengue viruses. We find that for serotype transmission rates that are only slightly asymmetric, increased transmissibility of secondary infections through immune enhancement increases the persistence of all dengue viruses in opposition to findings in symmetric models. We identify an optimal magnitude of immune enhancement that maximizes the probability of persistence of all four serotypes. In contrast to other pathogen systems where heterogeneity between serotypes in transmissibility facilitates competitive exclusion (Bremmermann and Thieme, 1989), here we find that in the presence of Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE) heterogeneity can increase the persistence of multiple serotypes of dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mier-y-Teran-Romero
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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